Article(id=1200860509026251704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1333, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701100800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-28, revisedDate=1711468800000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764237056260, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1715443200000, pubDateStr=2024-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764237056260, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764237056260, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237056260, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200860506031518620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1508', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764237055547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764241222263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1306, endPage=1312, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200860509827363785, articleId=1200860509026251704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine metal complexes supramolecular hydrogel and its multiple biological activity evaluation, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effect of different concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and Zn2+ on the self-assembly of metal complexes was investigated by forming metal complexes, and the properties and assembly mechanisms of the formed carrier-free supramolecular hydrogel were characterised. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential were used to characterise the microscopic morphology and stability of the GA-Zn complex hydrogel, which had spherical-like particles of about 1 μm with good stability; the rheometer was used to detect its materialistic properties, which showed excellent stability, self-healing property and reversibility; through in vitro bacterial inhibition, it was found that the GA-Zn carrier-free supramolecular hydrogel has enhanced bacterial inhibition function after assembly. The hydrogel was also found to possess both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy when evaluated using LPS and H2O2 induced RAW 264.7 cell damage models, respectively. The above results suggest that GA-Zn hydrogel not only has good materialistic properties, but also possesses good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which has the value of clinical research as a carrier-free multi-functional antimicrobial dressing, and the present study provides a reference for the discovery of novel biomedical materials from active molecules of natural traditional Chinese medicine.

, correspAuthors=Xue-mei HUANG, Peng-long WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lin-ying WU, Wen-min PI, Xiao-yu LIN, Yao-zhi ZHANG, Ji-hui LU, Xue-mei HUANG, Peng-long WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200860512885010465, articleId=1200860509026251704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶的制备及其多重生物活性评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以中药活性成分甘草酸与锌离子形成金属配合物超分子水凝胶为例, 探究不同浓度锌离子对金属配合物自组装的影响, 并对形成的无载体超分子水凝胶的性质及组装机制进行表征; 采用扫描电子显微镜和zeta电位表征了甘草酸-锌离子配合物水凝胶的微观形貌及稳定性, 其微观形态为1 μm左右的类球形颗粒, 且长期放置稳定性良好; 采用流变仪检测其材料学性质, 其具有优异的机械稳定性、可愈合性和可逆性; 通过体外抑菌实验, 发现甘草酸-锌离子配合物无载体超分子水凝胶相比甘草酸具有增强的抑菌效果; 分别采用脂多糖和过氧化氢诱导RAW 264.7细胞损伤模型进行活性评价, 发现该水凝胶同时具有抗炎和抗氧化的功效。以上研究结果表明, 甘草酸-锌离子金属配合物水凝胶不仅具有良好的材料学性质, 自身还具有良好的抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化多重生物活性, 具有作为无载体多功能抗菌敷料的潜在临床研究价值, 本研究为从天然中药活性成分中发现新型生物医疗材料提供参考。

, correspAuthors=黄雪梅, 王鹏龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*黄雪梅, Tel: 18801378721, E-mail: ;
王鹏龙, Tel: 13401054012, E-mail:
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A: Structure of glycyrrhizic acid (GA); B: Gelation of GA at different concentrations; C: Gelation condition of GA with different concentration of zinc ions and tube oblique placement; D: Reversibility of GA-Zn; E, F: Frequency and amplitude rheological properties of GA and GA-Zn , figureFileSmall=jpckqLmb5QuXXKzQcsFJfg==, figureFileBig=HK/nkq+QUtBmwoo9vPrLzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106657020440930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860509026251704, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6k8eId1VCoJ9ZU0fKWMWgg==, figureFileBig=LP3HCgQgzHr8Zh+BTxhEfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106657192407406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860509026251704, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Rheological characteristics. 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中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶的制备及其多重生物活性评价
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吴林颖 , 皮雯敏 , 林晓钰 , 张瑶芝 , 卢继辉 , 黄雪梅 * , 王鹏龙 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(5): 1306-1312
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(5): 1306-1312
中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶的制备及其多重生物活性评价
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吴林颖, 皮雯敏, 林晓钰, 张瑶芝, 卢继辉, 黄雪梅* , 王鹏龙*
作者信息
  • 北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488

通讯作者:

*黄雪梅, Tel: 18801378721, E-mail: ;
王鹏龙, Tel: 13401054012, E-mail:
Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine metal complexes supramolecular hydrogel and its multiple biological activity evaluation
Lin-ying WU, Wen-min PI, Xiao-yu LIN, Yao-zhi ZHANG, Ji-hui LU, Xue-mei HUANG* , Peng-long WANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2024-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1333
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本研究以中药活性成分甘草酸与锌离子形成金属配合物超分子水凝胶为例, 探究不同浓度锌离子对金属配合物自组装的影响, 并对形成的无载体超分子水凝胶的性质及组装机制进行表征; 采用扫描电子显微镜和zeta电位表征了甘草酸-锌离子配合物水凝胶的微观形貌及稳定性, 其微观形态为1 μm左右的类球形颗粒, 且长期放置稳定性良好; 采用流变仪检测其材料学性质, 其具有优异的机械稳定性、可愈合性和可逆性; 通过体外抑菌实验, 发现甘草酸-锌离子配合物无载体超分子水凝胶相比甘草酸具有增强的抑菌效果; 分别采用脂多糖和过氧化氢诱导RAW 264.7细胞损伤模型进行活性评价, 发现该水凝胶同时具有抗炎和抗氧化的功效。以上研究结果表明, 甘草酸-锌离子金属配合物水凝胶不仅具有良好的材料学性质, 自身还具有良好的抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化多重生物活性, 具有作为无载体多功能抗菌敷料的潜在临床研究价值, 本研究为从天然中药活性成分中发现新型生物医疗材料提供参考。

中药活性成分  /  金属配合物  /  超分子  /  水凝胶

The effect of different concentrations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and Zn2+ on the self-assembly of metal complexes was investigated by forming metal complexes, and the properties and assembly mechanisms of the formed carrier-free supramolecular hydrogel were characterised. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential were used to characterise the microscopic morphology and stability of the GA-Zn complex hydrogel, which had spherical-like particles of about 1 μm with good stability; the rheometer was used to detect its materialistic properties, which showed excellent stability, self-healing property and reversibility; through in vitro bacterial inhibition, it was found that the GA-Zn carrier-free supramolecular hydrogel has enhanced bacterial inhibition function after assembly. The hydrogel was also found to possess both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy when evaluated using LPS and H2O2 induced RAW 264.7 cell damage models, respectively. The above results suggest that GA-Zn hydrogel not only has good materialistic properties, but also possesses good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which has the value of clinical research as a carrier-free multi-functional antimicrobial dressing, and the present study provides a reference for the discovery of novel biomedical materials from active molecules of natural traditional Chinese medicine.

active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine  /  metal complex  /  supramolecule  /  hydrogel
吴林颖, 皮雯敏, 林晓钰, 张瑶芝, 卢继辉, 黄雪梅, 王鹏龙. 中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶的制备及其多重生物活性评价. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1306 -1312 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1333
Lin-ying WU, Wen-min PI, Xiao-yu LIN, Yao-zhi ZHANG, Ji-hui LU, Xue-mei HUANG, Peng-long WANG. Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine metal complexes supramolecular hydrogel and its multiple biological activity evaluation[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1306 -1312 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1333
水凝胶作为一种具有广阔前景的生物医疗材料, 在医用敷料领域得到广泛应用: 其高溶胀性和透气性为皮肤伤口愈合提供了良好的水分和透气环境; 同时, 水凝胶以水为分散介质, 能够为伤口提供理想的湿润环境, 防止干燥, 有助于新生组织的形成[1]; 此外, 水凝胶还可以作为药物载体, 用于输送抗生素、生长因子或其他治疗药物[2-4]。目前, 水凝胶通常由高分子材料制成, 包括聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等[5], 然而这些高分子材料通常制备工艺复杂, 载药能力差, 且存在潜在毒性, 阻碍了其在生物医学领域的应用[6]。一些研究发现基于天然中药活性成分的自组装同样可以形成性质优良的水凝胶材料[7], 例如源于豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的主要活性成分——甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid, GA), 具有抗炎、抗病毒、免疫调节等多种药理活性[8, 9]。该成分是一种三萜皂苷, 化学结构上由一分子甘草次酸和两分子葡萄糖醛酸构成(图 1A), 是一种两亲性结构[10]。该特性使其能够在水中自组装形成水凝胶, 是一种良好的生物材料。然而, 其机械性能较差, 且需要较高浓度才可成胶, 这使得其在生物方面的应用有所限制。
自古以来, 人们便认识到金属离子具有一定的临床药用价值[11], 据《本草纲目》中记载“银屑(碎末) 按五脏, 定心神, 止惊吓, 除邪气, 久服轻身长年”等。相较于传统抗菌剂, 金属离子型抗菌生物材料具备多重优势, 包括优越的稳定性、较低的毒副作用、强大的抗菌活性、广谱抗菌特性及对耐药性产生较小影响等。这些特点使其能够有效地阻断细菌的繁殖, 抑制其生长。近年来, 这类抗菌材料的研究备受关注, 成为抗菌材料领域的热点研究方向。锌是人体必需的微量金属元素之一, 在人体内具有重要的生理功能, 具有良好抗菌性和生物相容性[12]
课题组前期研究发现, 在甘草酸水凝胶体系中引入金属离子可以形成金属配合物超分子水凝胶, 并在一定程度上降低甘草酸的最低成胶浓度[13]。从分子结构来看, 甘草酸中存在一定数量的羧基和羟基, 这些基团为甘草酸与金属离子的配位作用提供了潜在位点[14, 15]。因此, 基于锌离子良好的抗菌基础, 作者制备了甘草酸-锌离子(GA-Zn) 金属配合物超分子水凝胶, 探究不同浓度金属配合物的组装现象, 并对形成的水凝胶性质、组装机制和生物学活性进行表征, 以期挖掘中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶, 为临床伤口敷料类生物医疗材料的发现和应用提供参考。
药品与试剂  甘草酸(CAS号: 1405-86-3) 购于上海源叶生物科技有限公司, 硫酸锌(CAS号: 7446-19-7) 购于上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司。
仪器  电子分析天平(BSA224S-CW, 德国Sartorius公司), 流变仪(MCR 302, 上海Anton Paar公司), 紫外可见分光光度计(UH5300, 日本HITACHI公司), 红外光谱仪(Nicolet iS10, 美国Thermo Fisher公司), 场发射扫描电子显微镜(ZEISS SUPRA55, 德国Zeiss公司), 水浴锅(HWS-24, 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司), 冷冻干燥机(Beta 2-8 Ldplus, 德国Christ公司)。
甘草酸-锌离子金属配合物水凝胶的制备  精确称取一定质量的甘草酸、硫酸锌, 加入去离子水稀释到一定浓度, 加热使其溶解, 再分别以不同比例(甘草酸: 金属离子为2∶1、1∶1和1∶2) 混合, 其中GA的终浓度为5 mmol·L-1, 观察其是否形成水凝胶并拍摄斜置图片。
甘草酸及甘草酸-锌离子金属配合物水凝胶流变学表征  选择甘草酸及比例为1∶1的甘草酸-锌离子水凝胶进行流变学检测。频率扫描: 剪切应变恒定为0.1%, 频率为0.1~10 Hz; 振幅扫描: 频率恒定为1 Hz, 剪切应变为0.001%~10%。
紫外-可见吸收光谱(ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, UV-Vis) 测定  将甘草酸、甘草酸-锌离子水凝胶稀释到相同浓度, 在200~350 nm的扫描波长下得到UV-Vis谱。
傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR) 测定  将冻干得到的甘草酸、甘草酸-锌离子粉末分别压片, 在4 000~400 cm-1内扫描得到FT-IR谱。
扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 表征  取甘草酸-锌离子水凝胶稀释后溶液2.5 μL滴于干净的硅片上, 待水分自然挥干后, 于样品表面喷金, 置于SEM下观察其微观形态。
体外抑菌活性表征  分别用培养基将样品稀释至400、200、100、50、25、12.5 μmol·L-1加入48孔板中, 每孔500 μL, 最后每孔加入50 µL菌悬液(2×107 CFU·mL-1)。37 ℃恒温恒湿培养箱培养12 h, 之后用酶标仪测定600 nm处吸光度(optical density, OD) 值, 进行抑菌率计算:
$\;\;\;\;\;\;\text { 抑制率 }(\%)=\left[1-\left(\mathrm{OD}_{\text {样品 }}-\mathrm{OD}_{\text {溶剂 }}\right) /\left(\mathrm{OD}_{\text {空白菌 }}-\right.\right.\\\left.\left.\mathrm{OD}_{\text {溶剂 }}\right)\right] \times 100$
取给药浓度25 μmol·L-1, 培养12 h后的菌悬液并稀释105倍, 用涂布棒涂布在琼脂板上, 置于37 ℃恒温恒湿培养箱中12 h, 观察琼脂板上生长情况; 取给药浓度25 μmol·L-1、培养12 h后的菌悬液适量, 离心后弃去上清, 于菌体中加入LIVE/DEAD BacLightTM试剂, 孵育30 min, 置激光共聚焦显微镜下拍摄。
体外抗炎活性表征  用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型后, 以25 μmol·L-1的浓度分别给药, 培养24 h后, 用NO试剂盒检测96孔板上清液的NO含量。
体外抗氧化活性表征  在RAW 264.7细胞中加入过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) 建立氧化应激模型, 以25 μmol·L-1的浓度分别给药, 培养24 h后, 用2′, 7′-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(dichlorofluorescin diacetate, DCFH-DA) 探针检测活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 并用显微镜进行拍摄。
统计分析方法  应用软件IBM SPSS Statistics 20进行数据统计学分析, 测量值以平均±标准差(x ± s) 表示, P < 0.05具有统计学意义。
选择5 mmol·L-1的GA单体(在该浓度下, GA为流动的黏液状, 倒置后无法挂壁, 倾斜放置后其液面随试管倾斜, 图 1B), 分别与加入不同浓度Zn2+后的混合体进行比较(甘草酸终浓度为5 mmol·L-1), 利用试管倾斜法探究其对凝胶化性能的影响。试管斜置实验显示: 锌离子与甘草酸在1∶0.5、1∶1及1∶2三种比例下均能形成水凝胶; 且在一定比例下(1∶1或1∶2) 引入后, 与GA对照, 水凝胶的液面倾斜程度均降低, 提示水凝胶机械性能的增强。根据上述结果, 作者发现: 不同浓度Zn2+的引入对GA成胶的结果有所改变, 其中, Zn2+在1∶1和1∶2这两种比例下具有促进GA凝胶化的能力, 且1∶1的成胶效果更加明显, 因此作者选择比例1∶1进行了后续流变学及组装机制的探究(图 1C)。图 1D是分别振摇和静置、加热和冷却后观察到的GA-Zn状态, 表明GA-Zn水凝胶具有良好的可愈合性和热可逆性。
流变学特征是衡量液体和固体的流动和变形行为的重要参数[16]。根据图 1C中水凝胶形成结果, 选择比例为1∶1的GA-Zn水凝胶与GA进行流变学特征的比较检测。与同浓度GA相比, 频率耐受实验结果(图 1E) 显示, GA-Zn水凝胶的储能模量(G′) 均在5 000 Pa左右, 而损耗模量(G′′) 均接近1 000 Pa, 并且其储能模量和损耗模量随频率增大无明显变化, 说明该水凝胶能够稳定存在。剪切模量用于表征材料抵抗剪切应变的能力, 实验结果显示(图 1F), 极小的剪切应变即可破坏GA自身的水凝胶形态, 使其处于不稳定状态; 而GA-Zn水凝胶在剪切应变持续增大至0.3%时, 水凝胶形态才发生破坏, 由凝胶相转变为流动相。上述结果提示, 引入Zn2+后, 金属配合物水凝胶降低了GA的最低成胶浓度, 得到了机械性能和稳定性更佳的水凝胶。
对GA-Zn金属配合物超分子水凝胶材料学特征进行进一步评价, 结果如下: 图 2A为高剪切应变(300%) 和低剪切应变(0.1%) 下的可愈合性测试, 结果表明, 在0.1%低应变条件下, GA-Zn能保持凝胶状态, 而在300%高应变条件下, G′迅速下降, GA-Zn凝胶结构被破坏, 转变为溶胶态, 重复3个周期后G′均仍能恢复到与第一个周期同样的高度, 证明了GA-Zn的可愈合性; 图 2B为动态频率扫描结果, 在0.1~10 Hz内G′均大于G′′, 证明GA-Zn具有良好的稳定性; 图 2C为温度流变学测试结果, 当温度升高至近70 ℃时, GA-Zn的G′小于G′′, 表明GA-Zn由凝胶态转变为液态, 而当温度在25 ℃至70 ℃之间时, G′均大于G′′, 证明其在环境温度25 ℃和生理温度37 ℃下都能稳定存在; 图 2D为剪切应变扫描结果, 当应变足够大时, G′和G′′相交, 这表明GA-Zn具有良好的剪切变稀性; 图 2E为与剪切相关的黏度测试, 评估了水凝胶的可注射性, 结果同样证实了其良好的剪切变稀性能, 该剪切变稀特性表现为其黏度随着剪切速率的增加而降低。以上结果均表明, 该GA-Zn金属配合物水凝胶具有可愈合性、稳定性、温度可变性及剪切变稀性等优异的材料学性能, 能够作为良好的敷料应用于生物医疗实践中。
微观上, SEM结果(图 3A) 显示GA-Zn为粒径约1 μm左右的类球形颗粒, 同时zeta电位检测结果为(-23.03 ± 1.12) mV, 进一步表明GA-Zn水凝胶的稳定性良好(图 3B)。
对GA及GA-Zn配合物水凝胶进行谱学分析, 以探究其组装机制。紫外光谱结果(图 3C) 显示, GA的紫外最大吸收波长在256 nm, 引入Zn2+后, 其最大吸收波长未见偏移, 说明两者结合位点并非GA母核上共轭双键的羰基氧原子处。
图 3D为红外光谱, 吸收峰归属如下: 3 192 cm-1为GA的-OH伸缩振动峰, 1 729 cm-1为-C = O伸缩振动峰, 1 593 cm-1和1 452 cm-1为-COO-的对称和不对称伸缩振动峰, 1 032 cm-1为GA糖上的-C-O吸收峰。在引入Zn2+后, GA的-OH伸缩振动、-C = O伸缩振动及-COO-的对称和不对称伸缩振动吸收峰峰位均发生变化, 推测Zn2+很可能与GA的羧基位发生配位。
核磁共振氢谱结果如图 3E所示: 与GA单体相比, GA-Zn配合物的大部分峰位及峰形变化不大, 仅在GA葡萄糖醛酸部位发生明显变化。因此, 初步判断Zn2+与GA的配位作用发生在葡萄糖醛酸上的羧基部位。
为进一步探究金属离子和GA的确切结合位点, 通过ChemBioDraw 3D对GA分子进行构象最优化, 计算得到其糖上两个羧基所带羰基氧原子的电荷值(图 3F)。其中, 第一个糖羧基上-C = O中氧原子电荷值为-0.624 3, 第二个糖羧基上-C = O中氧原子电荷值为-0.614 1, Zn2+为亲电子基团, 倾向于和带负电子多的氧原子配位, 结合紫外、红外和核磁氢谱结果, 认为Zn2+主要和GA第一个糖上的-COOH存在配位结合作用。
人们在日常生活中不可避免地经历皮肤损伤, 无论是微小擦伤还是较为显著的创伤, 皮肤都必须经历一系列错综复杂的生理过程来修复受损的组织[17]。在伤口愈合的进程中, 微生物滋生会引发潜在的感染风险, 导致伤口的复原时间延长并增加治疗的复杂性[18-20]。初期慢性伤口形成阶段, 金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰阳性菌扮演着主导角色, 细菌感染会导致延迟愈合、伤口大小增加、组织腐烂, 甚至严重的全身损伤[21]。此外, 在伤口愈合过程中, 抗炎和抗氧化也体现着不可或缺的作用[22-24]。一定的抗炎反应能够协助减轻伤口周围的炎症, 促进伤口的愈合[25]; 抗氧化反应则有助于减少氧自由基对伤口的进一步伤害[26]。因此, 急需一种全面的抗菌生物材料, 同时具备抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化等多重功效, 以确保多方位地促进皮肤创伤的康复。
基于Zn2+良好抗菌性和生物相容性, 及GA优异的抗炎效果, 作者探究了由两者配位形成的水凝胶的多重生物学活性, 以期为临床伤口敷料类生物医疗材料的发现和应用提供参考。
对Zn2+与GA组装后形成的金属配合物超分子水凝胶进行抗菌活性评价, 首先采用微量肉汤稀释法对金黄色葡萄球菌进行初步的体外抑菌实验(图 4A)。其中GA单体仅在400 μmol·L-1浓度下有微小的抑菌效果, Zn2+的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC) 为300 μmol·L-1, 而Zn2+与GA组装后, 该超分子水凝胶的MIC为200 μmol·L-1, 且以剂量依赖性的方式抑制细菌的增殖。
进一步选取200 μmol·L-1浓度下的GA、Zn2+、GA-Zn对金黄色葡萄球菌进行平板计数实验。在200 μmol·L-1浓度下的抑菌效果如图 4B所示, GA-Zn组抑菌效果最佳, 仅生长出少量菌落; Zn2+组具有一定抑菌效果, 菌落数少于空白组; GA组不具有抗菌效果, 菌落数和空白组接近(图 4B), 提示组装后抗菌活性的增强。活死细菌染色(图 4B) 结果中红色荧光代表死菌, 绿色荧光代表活菌, 相较于其他对照组, 经过GA-Zn给药后, 死菌数量明显增加, 进一步验证了GA-Zn组装后增强的抑菌效果。
GA自身具有优异的抗炎作用, 其可以通过直接或间接减少炎症因子的产生和分泌发挥抗炎作用。通过LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型, 检测了各组给药后(安全剂量下) NO含量(图 5A), 发现自组装形成的GA-Zn金属配合物水凝胶抗炎作用显著增强, NO浓度为(32.72 ± 0.84) μmol·L-1, 明显低于模型组(41.52 ± 0.10) μmol·L-1
氧化应激是影响伤口愈合进程的一大因素, 在伤口愈合的炎症阶段产生的活性氧会引发毒性氧化反应, 造成组织破坏, 从而阻碍正常的愈合过程。通过H2O2造模使RAW 264.7细胞产生活性氧后, 通过给药(安全剂量下), 并用DCFH-DA探针检测活性氧的含量。发现GA-Zn给药后, 荧光亮度明显减低, 提示GA-Zn具有抗氧化作用(图 5B)。
中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶研究是当前的国际热点领域, 本研究以GA与不同比例Zn2+混合后的自组装现象为例, 对形成的中药金属配合物超分子水凝胶的性质和组装方式进行了详细表征。运用SEM技术探究了GA-Zn水凝胶的微观结构, 发现其呈现出大约1 μm大小的类球形颗粒。此外, 通过流变仪检测了该水凝胶的材料学性质, 结果显示其具有优异的可愈合性、稳定性、温度可变性及剪切变稀性。基于锌离子在抗菌领域的历史背景, 作者进行了体外抑菌实验, 结果表明组装后的GA-Zn水凝胶具有显著的抑菌效果。此外, 作者采用LPS和H2O2分别诱导RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型和氧化应激模型, 发现该水凝胶同样具有抗炎和抗氧化潜力, 且自组装后效果均有一定程度的提升。综上所述, 该研究总结了不同浓度Zn2+与GA组装后的现象及GA-Zn的组装机制, 发现发生组装后水凝胶不仅具备优越的材料学性质, 还具有潜在的抗菌、抗炎及抗氧化的多重生物活性, 可以作为无载体水凝胶的一部分协同其他药物进行治疗, 且有优异的伤口敷料转化潜质, 能够为新型临床生物医疗材料的研发和应用提供信息; 同时, 本研究也为后期系统挖掘中药金属配合物无载体超分子水凝胶研究提供了参考。
作者贡献: 吴林颖完成实验内容及论文撰写工作; 皮雯敏、黄雪梅提供实验内容指导意见并辅助论文修改; 林晓钰、张瑶芝、卢继辉辅助论文修改; 王鹏龙设计方案、提供研究经费并指导论文的撰写和修改。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274072)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073974)
  • 中央高校基金科研业务项目(2023-JYB-JBZD-049)
  • 中央高校基金科研业务项目(2022-XJ-KYQD-008)
  • 国家级高层次青年人才支持计划和北京市中药基础与新药研究重点实验室
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2024年第59卷第5期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1333
  • 接收时间:2023-11-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-27
  • 出版时间:2024-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28
  • 修回日期:2024-03-27
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274072)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073974)
中央高校基金科研业务项目(2023-JYB-JBZD-049)
中央高校基金科研业务项目(2022-XJ-KYQD-008)
国家级高层次青年人才支持计划和北京市中药基础与新药研究重点实验室
作者信息
    北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488

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*黄雪梅, Tel: 18801378721, E-mail: ;
王鹏龙, Tel: 13401054012, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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