Article(id=1200860507038142533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1319, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700496000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-21, revisedDate=1703692800000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764237055787, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1715443200000, pubDateStr=2024-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764237055787, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764237055787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237055787, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200860506031518620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1508', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764237055547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764241222263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1261, endPage=1270, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200860507457572934, articleId=1200860507038142533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Schisandrin A ameliorates DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice via regulating the FXR signaling pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation and encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD has emerged as a global healthcare problem. Clinically efficacious therapeutic agents are deficient. This study concentrates on models of ulcerative colitis with the objective of discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Previous investigations have established that schisandrin A demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, concurrently enhancing the transcriptional activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR inversely modulates the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, which has an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. Consequently, the current study was to explore the safeguarding influence of schisandrin A on ulcerative colitis and delineate the mechanism by which it regulates this effect through the FXR signaling pathway. The effect of schisandrin A on the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the relationship between schisandrin A and FXR targeting. The animal experiments were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. PZSHUTCM2304250005). Acute ulcerative colitis was induced in wild-type or FXR knockout C57BL/6 mice by drinking 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days, and schisandrin A was administered via gavage for a continuous treatment period of 7 days. The body weight and faecal were monitored daily. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in colon tissue and FXR target genes were measured by RT-qPCR. The findings revealed that schisandrin A, in vitro, impeded the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation in mRNA levels of inflammatory factors and schisandrin A could augment transcriptional activity of FXR. In wild-type mice, schisandrin A significantly improved weight loss, colon shortening, loose stools and blood in stools in mice with acute ulcerative colitis, and schisandrin A significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors genes and significantly increased the expression of FXR target genes in colon tissues. In FXR knockout mice, the administration of schisandrin A failed to yield ameliorative effect on acute ulcerative colitis in mice. In conclusion, schisandrin A can reduce intestinal inflammation through the FXR signaling pathway to alleviate acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Implications arise that Schisandra lignans could serve as lead compounds for drug development aimed at inflammatory bowel disease.

, correspAuthors=Xu WANG, Li-li DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia-rui JIANG, Kua DONG, Yu-chun JIN, Xin-ru YANG, Yi-xuan LUO, Shu-yang XU, Xun-jiang WANG, Li-hua GU, Yan-hong SHI, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG, Xu WANG, Li-li DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200860508799750234, articleId=1200860507038142533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=五味子甲素调控FXR信号通路改善DSS诱导的小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 以慢性复发性肠道炎症为特征, 包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease, CD)。IBD已成为全球性的医疗保健问题。临床上尚缺乏有效治疗药物。本研究聚焦于UC模型, 旨在寻找新的治疗策略。前期研究发现, 五味子甲素(schisandrin A, SchA) 体外具有抗炎作用, 并促进法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 的转录活性。FXR反向调控NF-κB的转录活性, 在调节炎症反应中具有重要作用。因此, 本研究主要探讨SchA对UC的保护作用及其通过FXR信号通路调控的机制。在RAW264.7细胞上评价SchA对炎症因子mRNA水平的影响。用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证SchA与FXR靶向关系。动物实验遵循上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会规定(批准号: PZSHUTCM2304250005)。野生型或FXR敲除的C57BL/6小鼠自由饮用3%右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate, DSS) 7天诱导小鼠急性UC, 并灌胃给药SchA连续7天。实验期间每日监测小鼠体重及粪便情况。采用RT-qPCR方法检测结肠组织炎症因子、FXR靶基因的mRNA水平。结果显示: 体外SchA抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的炎症因子mRNA水平的增加。同时, SchA可以增加FXR的转录活性。在野生型小鼠中, SchA能明显改善急性UC小鼠的体重下降、结肠缩短、稀便和便血; SchA显著降低结肠组织中促炎因子基因的表达、增加FXR靶基因的表达。在FXR敲除小鼠中, SchA对小鼠急性UC的缓解作用消失。综上, SchA可通过FXR信号通路降低肠道炎症, 缓解DSS诱导的小鼠急性UC, 提示五味子木脂素类化合物可能是IBD药物开发的先导化合物。

, correspAuthors=王旭, 丁丽丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王旭, Tel: 86-21-51322507, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail: ;
丁丽丽, Tel: 86-21-51322496, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=puwjjddT++jCqQtTVoya7Q==, magXml=Ckzmyc5eYqP3evzXMh0KDw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9NokQkbG5LGtYNLBHlRYPw==, pdfFileSize=3663997, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=9o92Gm5/bTxyPFP11eaonQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=4hYDBtZi7n6bmyKZC70lBg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=蒋嘉瑞, 董跨, 金玉春, 杨心茹, 罗亦轩, 徐书扬, 王汛江, 谷丽华, 石燕红, 杨莉, 王峥涛, 王旭, 丁丽丽)}, authors=[Author(id=1201106647985910579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201106648271123262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, authorId=1201106647985910579, language=EN, stringName=Jia-rui JIANG, firstName=Jia-rui, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Department of Breast Surgery, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106647755223852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, companyId=1201106647700697896, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.复旦大学附属妇产科医院乳腺科, 上海 200011)])]), Author(id=1201106650687042464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201106650846426035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, authorId=1201106650687042464, language=EN, stringName=Xin-ru YANG, firstName=Xin-ru, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201106652050190359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, authorId=1201106651735618560, language=CN, stringName=徐书扬, firstName=书扬, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
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The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 18: 56-66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106664628908728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Neurath MF. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease [J]. 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A: Evolution of cell viability in RAW264.7 cells; B: The nitric oxide release was assessed in RAW264.7 cells; C: The FXR transcriptional activity was measured using dual-Glo luciferase reporter assay in HEK-293T cells; D-F: The mRNA expressions of <i>Il-6</i>, <i>Il-1β</i> and <i>Tnf-α</i> in RAW264.7 cells were determined by RT-PCR. <i>n</i> = 3-6, mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=wIJmLNXF5f6KupETPqk0dw==, figureFileBig=QGxEjWbGsXv9XaqSo/32Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660141003248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PsY+x46BnAkSByUKpEvCyQ==, figureFileBig=6IuBNGG/RCOrQX7rJ+VF2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660317164027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= SchA significantly ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice. A: Evolution of body weight gain during the experiment (day 0-7); B: Daily disease activity index (DAI) in DSS-induced experimental groups; C: Colon images; D: Colon length quantization; E: The histopathological changes in the colon tissue samples were examined by H&E staining, scale bar =100 μm; F: Histopathological score. <i>n</i> = 6-8, mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=PsY+x46BnAkSByUKpEvCyQ==, figureFileBig=6IuBNGG/RCOrQX7rJ+VF2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660426215945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=r0j+0WKH1OYnBd+8JuE6eg==, figureFileBig=+z43ScWawdssTcs5X/4/gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660585599508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= SchA significantly inhibits inflammatory response in colitis mice. A-C: Relative expressions of <i>Il-6</i>, <i>Il-1β</i> and <i>Tnf-α</i> were assessed by RT-PCR; D-F: The level of IL-6, IL-1<i>β</i> and TNF-<i>α</i> in serum. <i>n</i> = 6-8, mean ± SEM. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=r0j+0WKH1OYnBd+8JuE6eg==, figureFileBig=+z43ScWawdssTcs5X/4/gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660740788766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BfNy+F55XYddDWwJ47b7eg==, figureFileBig=CJBN3eczqKkpePYx+9L7qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660921143854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The modulation of mRNA expression levels of FXR downstream target genes within the colon tissues by SchA. A-F: The mRNA expressions of <i>Asbt</i> (A), <i>Ostα</i> (B), <i>Ostβ</i> (C), <i>Ibabp</i> (D), <i>Fgf15</i> (E) and <i>Shp</i> (F) in colon tissues were determined by RT-PCR. <i>n</i> = 6-8, mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=BfNy+F55XYddDWwJ47b7eg==, figureFileBig=CJBN3eczqKkpePYx+9L7qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106661176996412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aeU1g8qAMWhZJZ/6C00cPQ==, figureFileBig=ZwO1JbBk2iklx0NCllhdwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106661424460359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The absence of FXR diminishes the efficacy of SchA in ameliorating colitis. A: Evolution of body weight gain during the experiment (day 0-7); B: DAI in DSS-induced experimental groups; C: Colon images; D: Colon length quantization; E: The histopathological changes in the colon tissue samples were examined by H&E staining, scale bar =100 μm; F: Histopathological score; G: Relative expressions of <i>Il-6</i>, <i>Il-1β</i> and <i>Tnf-α</i> were assessed by RT-PCR. <i>n</i> = 3-4, mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=aeU1g8qAMWhZJZ/6C00cPQ==, figureFileBig=ZwO1JbBk2iklx0NCllhdwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106661646758481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5'-3')
β-ActinForwardTGTCCACCTTCCAGCAGATGT
ReverseAGCTCAGTAACAGTCCGCCTAGA
Il-6ForwardTTCCATCCAGTTGCCTTCTTG
ReverseATCCTCTGTGAAGTCTCCTCTC
Il-1βForwardTTAGTCCTCGGCCAAGACAG
ReverseGGCAAGGAGGAAAACACAGG
Tnf-αForwardGCTGAGCTCAAACCCTGGTA
ReverseCTCCAAAGTAGACCTGCCCG
IbabpForwardTGGGGGCAACATTATGAGCA
ReverseACGCGCTCATAGGTCACATC
Fgf15ForwardGATTGCCATCAAGGACGTCAG
ReverseTCAGCCCGTATATCTTGCCG
AsbtForwardGTCTGTCCCCCAAATGCAACT
ReverseCACCCCATAGAAAACATCACCA
ShpForwardCGATCCTCTTCAACCCAGATG
ReverseAGGGCTCCAAGACTTCACACA
OstαForwardGAGGCTCCGCTTACTGTTTAG
ReverseGAGGTTTCTGTCCCGTATTGA
OstβForwardAGATGCGGCTCCTTGGAATTA
ReverseTGGCTGCTTCTTTCGATTTCTG
), ArticleFig(id=1201106663060238946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860507038142533, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequences of real-time quantitative PCR. Il-6: Interleukin 6; Il-1β: Interleukin 1 beta; Tnf-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; Ibabp: Intestinal bile acid-binding protein; Fgf15: Fibroblast growth factor 15; Shp: Small heterodimer partner; Asbt: Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; Ostα: Organic solute transporter α; Ostβ: Organic solute transporter β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5'-3')
β-ActinForwardTGTCCACCTTCCAGCAGATGT
ReverseAGCTCAGTAACAGTCCGCCTAGA
Il-6ForwardTTCCATCCAGTTGCCTTCTTG
ReverseATCCTCTGTGAAGTCTCCTCTC
Il-1βForwardTTAGTCCTCGGCCAAGACAG
ReverseGGCAAGGAGGAAAACACAGG
Tnf-αForwardGCTGAGCTCAAACCCTGGTA
ReverseCTCCAAAGTAGACCTGCCCG
IbabpForwardTGGGGGCAACATTATGAGCA
ReverseACGCGCTCATAGGTCACATC
Fgf15ForwardGATTGCCATCAAGGACGTCAG
ReverseTCAGCCCGTATATCTTGCCG
AsbtForwardGTCTGTCCCCCAAATGCAACT
ReverseCACCCCATAGAAAACATCACCA
ShpForwardCGATCCTCTTCAACCCAGATG
ReverseAGGGCTCCAAGACTTCACACA
OstαForwardGAGGCTCCGCTTACTGTTTAG
ReverseGAGGTTTCTGTCCCGTATTGA
OstβForwardAGATGCGGCTCCTTGGAATTA
ReverseTGGCTGCTTCTTTCGATTTCTG
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五味子甲素调控FXR信号通路改善DSS诱导的小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎
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蒋嘉瑞 1, 2 , 董跨 1, 2 , 金玉春 3 , 杨心茹 1, 2 , 罗亦轩 1, 2 , 徐书扬 1, 2 , 王汛江 1 , 谷丽华 1, 2 , 石燕红 1, 2 , 杨莉 1, 2 , 王峥涛 1, 2 , 王旭 1, 2, * , 丁丽丽 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(5): 1261-1270
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(5): 1261-1270
五味子甲素调控FXR信号通路改善DSS诱导的小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎
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蒋嘉瑞1, 2, 董跨1, 2, 金玉春3, 杨心茹1, 2, 罗亦轩1, 2, 徐书扬1, 2, 王汛江1, 谷丽华1, 2, 石燕红1, 2, 杨莉1, 2, 王峥涛1, 2, 王旭1, 2, * , 丁丽丽1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203
  • 3.复旦大学附属妇产科医院乳腺科, 上海 200011

通讯作者:

*王旭, Tel: 86-21-51322507, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail: ;
丁丽丽, Tel: 86-21-51322496, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail:
Schisandrin A ameliorates DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice via regulating the FXR signaling pathway
Jia-rui JIANG1, 2, Kua DONG1, 2, Yu-chun JIN3, Xin-ru YANG1, 2, Yi-xuan LUO1, 2, Shu-yang XU1, 2, Xun-jiang WANG1, Li-hua GU1, 2, Yan-hong SHI1, 2, Li YANG1, 2, Zheng-tao WANG1, 2, Xu WANG1, 2, * , Li-li DING1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 3. Department of Breast Surgery, the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
出版时间: 2024-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1319
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炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 以慢性复发性肠道炎症为特征, 包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease, CD)。IBD已成为全球性的医疗保健问题。临床上尚缺乏有效治疗药物。本研究聚焦于UC模型, 旨在寻找新的治疗策略。前期研究发现, 五味子甲素(schisandrin A, SchA) 体外具有抗炎作用, 并促进法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 的转录活性。FXR反向调控NF-κB的转录活性, 在调节炎症反应中具有重要作用。因此, 本研究主要探讨SchA对UC的保护作用及其通过FXR信号通路调控的机制。在RAW264.7细胞上评价SchA对炎症因子mRNA水平的影响。用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证SchA与FXR靶向关系。动物实验遵循上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会规定(批准号: PZSHUTCM2304250005)。野生型或FXR敲除的C57BL/6小鼠自由饮用3%右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate, DSS) 7天诱导小鼠急性UC, 并灌胃给药SchA连续7天。实验期间每日监测小鼠体重及粪便情况。采用RT-qPCR方法检测结肠组织炎症因子、FXR靶基因的mRNA水平。结果显示: 体外SchA抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的炎症因子mRNA水平的增加。同时, SchA可以增加FXR的转录活性。在野生型小鼠中, SchA能明显改善急性UC小鼠的体重下降、结肠缩短、稀便和便血; SchA显著降低结肠组织中促炎因子基因的表达、增加FXR靶基因的表达。在FXR敲除小鼠中, SchA对小鼠急性UC的缓解作用消失。综上, SchA可通过FXR信号通路降低肠道炎症, 缓解DSS诱导的小鼠急性UC, 提示五味子木脂素类化合物可能是IBD药物开发的先导化合物。

五味子甲素  /  结肠炎  /  葡聚糖硫酸钠  /  法尼醇X受体  /  抗炎

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation and encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD has emerged as a global healthcare problem. Clinically efficacious therapeutic agents are deficient. This study concentrates on models of ulcerative colitis with the objective of discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Previous investigations have established that schisandrin A demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, concurrently enhancing the transcriptional activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR inversely modulates the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, which has an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. Consequently, the current study was to explore the safeguarding influence of schisandrin A on ulcerative colitis and delineate the mechanism by which it regulates this effect through the FXR signaling pathway. The effect of schisandrin A on the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the relationship between schisandrin A and FXR targeting. The animal experiments were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. PZSHUTCM2304250005). Acute ulcerative colitis was induced in wild-type or FXR knockout C57BL/6 mice by drinking 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days, and schisandrin A was administered via gavage for a continuous treatment period of 7 days. The body weight and faecal were monitored daily. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in colon tissue and FXR target genes were measured by RT-qPCR. The findings revealed that schisandrin A, in vitro, impeded the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation in mRNA levels of inflammatory factors and schisandrin A could augment transcriptional activity of FXR. In wild-type mice, schisandrin A significantly improved weight loss, colon shortening, loose stools and blood in stools in mice with acute ulcerative colitis, and schisandrin A significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors genes and significantly increased the expression of FXR target genes in colon tissues. In FXR knockout mice, the administration of schisandrin A failed to yield ameliorative effect on acute ulcerative colitis in mice. In conclusion, schisandrin A can reduce intestinal inflammation through the FXR signaling pathway to alleviate acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Implications arise that Schisandra lignans could serve as lead compounds for drug development aimed at inflammatory bowel disease.

schisandrin A  /  colitis  /  dextran sodium sulfate  /  farnesoid X receptor  /  anti-inflammatory
蒋嘉瑞, 董跨, 金玉春, 杨心茹, 罗亦轩, 徐书扬, 王汛江, 谷丽华, 石燕红, 杨莉, 王峥涛, 王旭, 丁丽丽. 五味子甲素调控FXR信号通路改善DSS诱导的小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1261 -1270 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1319
Jia-rui JIANG, Kua DONG, Yu-chun JIN, Xin-ru YANG, Yi-xuan LUO, Shu-yang XU, Xun-jiang WANG, Li-hua GU, Yan-hong SHI, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG, Xu WANG, Li-li DING. Schisandrin A ameliorates DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice via regulating the FXR signaling pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1261 -1270 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1319
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 是一种非特异性炎症性疾病, 以消化道反复发作的炎症为主要特征, 包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease, CD)。IBD的发病机制涉及遗传易感性、环境影响、免疫稳态障碍和胃肠道菌群失调等多因素。免疫系统紊乱或与微生物的不平衡相互作用可能导致肠道慢性炎症的发展[1, 2]。IBD已成为一种全球性疾病[3], 给社会带来了巨大的财政和医疗负担。因此, 迫切需要考虑常规药物的不良反应、高成本和新的IBD治疗药物和治疗策略, 以减轻患者的痛苦并改善他们的生活质量。
近年来, 法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 逐渐受到研究者们的重视。FXR是一种胆汁酸核受体, 广泛分布在肝脏、小肠、结肠、肾脏和肝胆系统等组织中[4]。它在胆汁酸代谢、脂质代谢、糖代谢、肝脏脂负荷、胆固醇合成以及炎症反应和氧化应激等多个生理过程中发挥关键作用[5, 6]。有研究表明, 激活FXR可以抑制炎症反应、调控细胞促炎因子的表达, 对炎症驱动的IBD具有保护作用[7, 8]。传统中药白头翁汤可促进FXR的水平, 改善肠道微生物的相对丰度, 并抑制NF-κB的活性, 从而治疗UC小鼠[9], 这引发了关于FXR在IBD发展和治疗中的重要性的研究。
越来越多的研究表明, 天然产物对改善葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate, DSS) 诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎有着较好的疗效[10-12]。其中, 五味子甲素(schisandrin A, SchA) 是从木兰科植物五味子(Schisandra chinensis) 果实中分离出的联苯环辛烯型木脂素, 已被广泛研究并显示出多种药理活性, 如抗炎、抗癌、保肝、抗氧化、神经保护、抗糖尿病等多种药理作用[13]。五味子在传统中药中被广泛用作止咳剂, 滋补和镇静, 不仅如此, 其主要成分SchA也是美国膳食补充剂产品的成分之一[14, 15]。近年来, 有学者发现SchA能够抑制炎症细胞的浸润, 降低小鼠足爪水肿炎症模型中炎症因子(TNF-α和IL-1β) 的水平[16]。SchA还可通过降低炎症介质的水平, 并抑制丙二醛活性并增加超氧化物歧化酶活性, 以改善1-甲基-4-苯基-1, 2, 3, 6-四氢嘧啶诱导的小鼠帕金森病[17]。然而, 尚未有关于SchA在治疗IBD方面的研究报道。DSS诱导小鼠结肠炎模型是一种常用的模拟IBD的实验模型[18]。在这个背景下, 本研究旨在探讨SchA是否通过FXR信号通路参与对DSS诱导的结肠炎的治疗。
实验动物  SPF级C57BL/6J野生型雄性小鼠, 8~9周龄, 体重(22 ± 2 g), 购于上海吉辉实验动物饲养有限公司, 生产许可SCXK (沪) 2022-0009。小鼠饲养于上海中医药大学实验动物中心, 使用许可SYXK (沪) 2020-0009, 饲养条件为: 温度20~25 ℃, 相对湿度45%~55%, 12 h交替照明, 饲料、饮水新鲜无污染, 小鼠自由摄食、饮水。动物实验方案遵循上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会规定且通过批准(批准号: PZSHUTCM2304250005)。
实验试剂  五味子甲素(GR-138-260217, 南京广润); 柳氮磺胺吡啶(sulfasalazine, SASP, S0883)、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS, L2630)、GW4064 (G5172) (美国Sigma公司); 右旋DSS (S8634, 相对分子量: 36 000~50 000, 美国MP Biomedicals公司); DMEM培养基、CCK-8检测试剂盒、双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒(货号分别为MA0214、MA0812、MA0518, 大连美仑生物技术有限公司); 盐酸萘乙二胺、磺胺、磷酸(货号分别为M10623702、30172216、10015408, 国药集团化学试剂公司); 胎牛血清(Z7181, 美国Zeta Life公司); Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂盒(CN2507605, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); RNAiso PLUS (9109, 北京宝日医生物技术有限公司); Evo M-MLV反转录试剂盒(AG11706, 湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司); SYBR Green Pro Taq HS预混型qPCR试剂盒(AG11718, 湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司); 白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) 酶联免疫试剂盒、白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β) 酶联免疫试剂盒、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 酶联免疫试剂盒(货号分别为EM30325S、EM30300S、EM30536S, 上海威奥生物科技有限公司)。
动物分组及造模  C57BL/6J雄性小鼠适应性饲养1周后, 随机分为4组(n = 6~8): 正常对照组(control)、模型组(DSS)、阳性药组(DSS+SASP, 200 mg·kg-1·d-1)、五味子甲素组(DSS+SchA, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1); 正常对照组小鼠给予无菌水7天, 其余组小鼠给予自由饮用3% DSS溶液7天, 建立急性结肠炎小鼠模型。FXR基因敲除(knockout, KO) 纯合子(Fxr-/-) 近交系小鼠由美国希望之城国家医学研究中心黄文栋教授课题组捐赠, 并转移至上海中医药大学实验动物中心饲养, 经繁育获得11只雄性敲除小鼠用于实验, 将FXR敲除的C57BL/6J小鼠, 随机分为3组(n = 3~4): 正常对照组(Fxr-/--control)、模型组(Fxr-/--DSS) 和五味子甲素组(Fxr-/--DSS+SchA, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1); 正常组小鼠给予无菌水7天, 其余组小鼠给予自由饮用3% DSS溶液7天, 建立急性结肠炎小鼠模型。在造模的同时, 给药组以灌胃的方式连续给药7天, 而正常组与模型组连续灌胃0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液7天。给药期间, 每天监测体重和疾病活动指数(disease activity index, DAI), 包括体重下降及稀便和便血程度。DAI的计算由两部分加起来: 体重: 减轻1%~5%、5%~10%、10%~20%和 > 20%的评分分别为1、2、3和4分; 稀便和便血: 正常为0分; 轻微稀便为1分; 水样稀便为2分; 浅血+稀便3分; 明显便血为4分。实验结束后, 动物颈椎脱臼处死, 收集血清并获得新鲜结肠组织用于长度测量, 随后迅速将结肠组织样品于-80 ℃保存, 用于后续生化分析。
结肠病理学染色  切取远端结肠(近肛门端结肠组织约2 cm处), 置于4%多聚甲醛固定液固定, 常规石蜡包埋后切片, 将薄片置于载玻片上, 脱蜡后, 按照说明书进行苏木精-伊红染色, 脱水、封片, 于光学显微镜下观察结肠组织形态变化。采取双盲法按照结肠病理损伤评分标准进行结肠黏膜损伤评分。具体评分标准如下[19]: 炎性细胞浸润程度: 0分: 无炎性细胞; 1分: 轻度浸润; 2分: 中度浸润; 3分: 严重浸润; 组织损伤程度: 0分: 无损伤; 1分: 损伤至黏膜; 2分: 损伤至黏膜及黏膜下层; 3分: 损伤严重, 透壁。即每只小鼠病理损伤评分=炎性细胞浸润程度+ 组织损伤程度。
细胞实验  HEK-293T细胞及RAW264.7细胞培养: 使用含10% FBS及1%双抗的DMEM培养基, 在含5% CO2的37 ℃培养箱进行常规培养。每两天换液一次, 当细胞在培养皿中覆盖率达到80%~90%时传代, 选择对数生长期的细胞进行实验, 实验操作均在生物安全柜中进行。
细胞增殖毒性检测实验  实验分成对照组和SchA组(浓度分别为1.25、2.5、5、10、20、50和100 μmol·L-1) 8组, 每组6个复孔。将RAW264.7细胞悬液以每毫升2×105个细胞接种于96孔板中, 并在5% CO2的37 ℃培养箱中培养至细胞完全贴壁, 弃去旧培养基, 并加入含有不同浓度的SchA的新培养基, 对照组加入等量新培养基, 给药24 h后, 加入10% CCK-8试剂溶液, 37 ℃孵育30 min, 按照CCK-8试剂盒说明书, 使用酶标仪在450 nm波长下检测吸光度并计算细胞存活率。
一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO) 释放检测实验  实验开始前, 首先准备Griess试剂A和B, 用于配置Griess试剂反应液。Griess试剂A的制备: 将50 mg盐酸萘乙二胺溶解于50 mL双蒸水中; Griess试剂B的制备: 将500 mg磺胺溶解于50 mL的5%磷酸中,将制备好的Griess试剂A和B等体积混合, 组成Griess试剂反应液。实验分成对照组、模型组和SchA组(浓度分别为5、10、20和50 μmol·L-1) 6组, 每组6个复孔。将RAW264.7细胞以每毫升2×105个细胞接种于96孔板中, 并在5% CO2的37 ℃培养箱中培养24 h, 待细胞完全贴壁, 弃去旧培养基, 并加入含有不同浓度的SchA的新培养基, 对照组和模型组加入等量新培养基。给药30 min后, 模型组和SchA组每孔加入20 μg·mL-1 LPS溶液1 μL, 对照组加入等量PBS缓冲液。LPS刺激24 h后, 取细胞上清液与Griess试剂反应液各50 μL均匀混合, 使用酶标仪在540 nm下检测并计算各组NO释放量。
双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验  参照Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂盒说明, 将HEK-293T细胞按25∶25∶50∶1的比例共转染hFXR、hRXR、EcRE-Luc和Renilla质粒6 h, 质粒由美国希望之城国家医学研究中心黄文栋教授课题组捐赠。用GW4064 (10 μmol·L-1) 和SchA (浓度分别为1.25、2.5、5、10 μmol·L-1) 处理转染后的HEK-293T细胞24 h。收集细胞并按照双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒说明书进行操作, 评估SchA对FXR的转录激活作用。
酶联免疫检测实验  按照酶联免疫试剂盒说明书进行操作, 反应板中加入50 µL标准品溶液和小鼠血清样本溶液, 37 ℃孵育50 min后, 弃去液体并加入100 µL生物素化抗体工作液, 加入酶链亲和素生物素过氧化物酶复合物工作液100 µL, 于37 ℃孵育30 min, 最后加入100 µL显色液37 ℃反应20 min, 加入终止液50 µL混匀后, 使用酶标仪在450 nm波长下测定吸光度, 检测并计算IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。
实时荧光定量PCR实验  取结肠样本约10 mg, 放于1.5 mL EP管中, 放入2颗3 mm钢珠和1 mL Trizol试剂, 于组织研磨仪中匀浆(60 Hz, 120 s)。匀浆后, 加入200 μL氯仿, 上下颠倒混匀后静置5 min, 于超高速离心机中离心(4 ℃, 12 000 r·min-1, 15 min)。离心后吸取上层无色溶液200 μL于新的EP管中, 加入200 μL异丙醇并颠倒震荡混匀, 静置10 min, 于超高速离心机中离心(4 ℃, 12 000 r·min-1, 10 min); 离心后弃上清, 向沉淀中加入1 mL 75%乙醇涡旋震荡混匀, 离心(4 ℃, 7 500 r·min-1, 10 min), 弃上清重复2次, 第2次弃上清后, 于生物安全柜中挥干, 残留物加入40 μL DEPC处理水溶解, 得结肠组织总RNA。使用超微量分光光度仪NanoDrop2000测定总RNA浓度和纯度。按照Evo M-MLV反转录试剂盒说明书, 配制反转录体系。采用PCR仪进行逆转录, 条件为: 37 ℃反应15 min, 85 ℃反应5 s, 所得cDNA于-20 ℃保存备用。使用QuantStudio 6 Flex实时荧光定量PCR仪进行扩增反应, 根据仪器所测得的CT值, 以β-actin为内参基因, 采用2-△△CT法计算目标基因的相对表达量, 引物序列信息见表 1
统计学处理  使用GraphPad Prism 9.0.1软件进行统计学处理, 实验结果均以均数±SEM表示, 多组间比较采用方差分析(one way ANOVA), P < 0.05认为具有统计学意义。
由于巨噬细胞在IBD的发病机制中扮演着关键角色, 因此本研究聚焦于SchA对巨噬细胞功能的影响, 包括对NO的释放和炎症因子mRNA水平的调控。首先, 细胞存活实验结果显示, SchA在1.25、2.5、5、10、20和50 μmol·L-1浓度下对RAW264.7的细胞活力无明显影响(图 1A)。进一步的实验表明, LPS诱导激活的巨噬细胞会释放大量NO, 而SchA处理显著抑制了NO的释放(图 1B)。考虑到FXR是NF-κB的转录抑制因子, 本研究进一步探讨了SchA的抗炎活性是否与FXR有关。为了评估SchA对FXR功能的调控, 采用HEK-293T细胞转染人FXR (hFXR) 质粒的实验。与GW4064 (FXR激动剂) 类似, SchA显著增加了HEK-293T细胞中的FXR的转录活性(图 1C)。这些结果表明, SchA可以增加FXR的转录激活作用, 与抗炎机制相关。此外, SchA处理显著抑制了LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中Il-6Il-1βTnf-α mRNA水平的增加(图 1D~F)。这些结果表明, SchA增加了FXR的转录活性并抑制了LPS诱导的巨噬细胞促炎功能的增加。
IBD的一个常用实验模型是使用DSS诱导结肠炎, 其特征包括急性炎症和结肠溃疡, 类似于人类UC的典型临床症状[20]。本研究探讨了SchA对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的影响。与对照组相比, DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠表现出体重明显减轻、腹泻和直肠出血。而SchA处理显著改善了体重减轻(图 2A), 并显著降低了疾病活动指数DAI评分(图 2B)。进一步的结肠组织肉眼检查结果显示, 对照组结肠外观良好, 基本没有粘连和充血; DSS组可观察到明显的结肠炎特征, 包括结肠充血较多, 肠黏膜和肌层严重变薄, 颜色变黑; 而SchA处理后, 小鼠结肠外观和形状都有明显改善。如图 2CD所示, 与对照组比较, DSS组小鼠结肠长度明显缩短。经SchA治疗后, 结肠炎小鼠结肠长度增加。鉴于IBD是主要影响结肠或直肠的肠道炎症病变, 本研究拟以结肠病理学变化判断SchA对结肠炎症的改善作用。H&E染色情况表明, 在对照组小鼠中, 结肠组织显示出正常的黏膜形态以及隐窝结构, 几乎没有出现炎症浸润; 在DSS诱导的小鼠中, 结肠组织表现出明显的黏膜溃疡, 隐窝丧失, 杯状细胞减少, 上皮损伤和炎症浸润; 值得注意的是, SchA和SASP处理后, 结肠肠道损伤情况显著改善, 特别是对于结肠部位的隐窝和杯状细胞的改善效果几乎相同(图 2EF)。上述结果表明, SchA显著减轻DSS诱导的UC小鼠的疾病症状。
为了评估DSS诱导的小鼠的炎症严重程度, 本研究通过RT-PCR测定结肠组织中Il-6Il-1βTnf-α的表达。与正常小鼠相比, 仅暴露于DSS的小鼠结肠组织中Il-6Il-1βTnf-α的mRNA表达增加(图 3A~C)。然而, 用SchA和SASP处理导致DSS诱导的小鼠中这些炎症细胞因子mRNA表达明显下降(图 3A~C)。如图 3DE所示, 与DSS组相比, SchA和SASP处理后, 小鼠血清中IL-6和IL-1β显著降低; 相较于对照组, DSS诱导后的小鼠血清中TNF-α的含量显著升高, 而给药SchA后, 血清中TNF-α的水平显著降低(图 3F)。以上结果明确显示, SchA可抑制UC小鼠炎症反应。
为了深入揭示SchA在结肠炎治疗中的分子机制, 本研究主要关注SchA对结肠组织中FXR下游靶基因的mRNA表达水平的调节作用, 包括顶端钠离子依赖性胆汁酸转运体(apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, Asbt)、有机溶质转运体α (organic solute transporter α, Ostα)、有机溶质转运体β (organic solute transporter β, Ostβ)、回肠胆汁酸结合蛋白(intestinal bile acid-binding protein, Ibabp)、成纤维生长因子15 (fibroblast growth factor 15, Fgf15) 和小异源二聚体伴侣(small heterodimer partner, Shp)。实验观察到DSS模型组和SchA给药组在AsbtOstα这些基因的表达水平上没有明显改变(图 4AB)。尽管DSS模型组没有显著降低OstβIbabp的mRNA水平, 但SchA给药后显著增加二者的mRNA水平(图 4CD)。然而, 值得注意的是, DSS模型组中Fgf15Shp的mRNA水平出现显著下调, 而SchA给药后成功逆转了Fgf15Shp的mRNA水平, 如图 4EF所示。有研究表明, Fgf15和Shp可以抑制炎症反应[21, 22], 而这一系列结果表明, SchA在结肠组织中通过激活FXR从而增加下游靶基因的表达, 特别是Fgf15Shp的表达, 从而参与了结肠炎的治疗机制。这些发现为进一步解析SchA的分子机制以及其在结肠炎治疗中的潜在应用提供了重要线索。
为了深入研究SchA在治疗急性结肠炎中是否依赖于核受体FXR的作用, 本研究进行了FXR缺失小鼠实验, 分为Fxr-/--control组、Fxr-/--DSS组和Fxr-/--DSS+SchA组。首先, 对这些小鼠的体重变化、疾病活动指数(DAI) 评分以及结肠长度进行了详细的测量和分析。如图 5A所示, Fxr-/--DSS组的小鼠体重下降百分比明显高于Fxr-/--control组, 表明结肠炎引发了明显的体重减轻。令人关注的是, 在给予SchA治疗后, 并没有观察到体重改善的趋势, 这暗示FXR的缺失可能阻断了SchA的治疗效果。进一步的分析结果显示, DAI评分也未呈现出明显的变化趋势(图 5B), 强调了FXR缺失对SchA的治疗效果的抑制作用。此外, Fxr-/--DSS组和Fxr-/--DSS+SchA组之间的结肠长度也未显示出改善趋势(图 5CD)。而且实验观察到FXR的缺失明显抑制了SchA对结肠炎小鼠肠道损伤的改善和抗炎作用。H&E染色结果表明, 在Fxr-/--control小鼠中, 结肠组织呈现出正常的黏膜形态和隐窝结构。然而, 在DSS诱导的小鼠中, 结肠组织显示出明显的黏膜溃疡, 隐窝丧失, 杯状细胞减少, 上皮受损和炎症浸润。令人注意的是, SchA处理未能改善结肠组织的病理结构损伤情况(图 5EF)。此外, 为了评估DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的炎症严重程度, 本研究通过RT-PCR测定了结肠组织中Il-6Il-1βTnf-α的表达水平。与Fxr-/--control组相比, 仅暴露于DSS的小鼠结肠组织中Il-6Il-1βTnf-α的mRNA表达明显增加。然而, SchA处理后并不能显著降低这些炎症细胞因子的mRNA表达(图 5G)。这些结果明确突显了FXR在SchA治疗结肠炎过程中的关键作用。
总之, 这些数据明确验证了SchA治疗UC的潜力, 而FXR的缺失显著削弱了SchA对结肠炎的治疗效果, 这证实了SchA通过激活FXR信号通路来改善结肠炎的机制, 为进一步研究SchA作为治疗UC的潜在药物提供了坚实的实验依据。
目前, IBD的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势[1]。因此, 迫切需要开发有效的IBD治疗药物。先前的研究表明, 传统中药如五味子可以通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3炎症小体途径减轻DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎症[23]。此外, 五味子多糖可以通过调节肠道微生物群和抑制NF-κB活化对DSS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎发挥保护作用[24]。SchA被认为在许多疾病中起抗炎作用, 如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和脓毒症[25-27]。基于SchA在其他疾病中呈现一定的抗炎作用, 本课题组拟开展研究SchA对IBD的改善作用及其机制。
在许多IBD研究中, 促炎细胞因子(IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α) 已被用于测量炎症水平[28]。正如预期的那样, SchA在体外降低了LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中Il-1βIl-6Tnf-α的mRNA水平, 表明SchA具有减轻肠道炎症的潜在能力。因此, 本课题组随后探讨了其在体内IBD模型上的治疗效果。DSS诱导的小鼠的特征是体重减轻, 稀便, 腹泻, 甚至直肠出血。因此, DSS诱导的小鼠经常被用作IBD的动物模型, 包括UC和CD[18]。本研究一致地显示出DSS诱导的小鼠体重减轻、结肠缩短和DAI增加等症状。在这项研究中, 与DSS诱导的小鼠相比, SchA处理的小鼠表现出结肠长度显著增加。此外, DSS诱导的小鼠表现出结肠组织的病理损伤, 包括结肠充血、肠黏膜溃疡、隐窝丧失和肌层严重变薄等, 而SchA能够逆转DSS诱导的这种损伤。本研究揭示了SchA可以逆转DSS诱导的UC症状。
FXR还在许多免疫细胞中表达, 如自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞等, 因此, FXR功能对研究炎症具有重要价值[29, 30]。有研究表明, 在结肠炎小鼠模型中, 发现炎症结肠黏膜中Fxr的mRNA表达下调[31]。与野生型小鼠相比, FXR缺失的小鼠容易发生肠道炎症, FXR敲除小鼠模型的上皮屏障完整性降低, 并且观察到巨噬细胞浸润升高、炎症细胞因子表达增加。相反, 巨噬细胞中FXR的激活抑制了NF-κB依赖的促炎因子的产生, 如IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α。在2, 4, 6-三硝基苯磺酸和DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型中, 通过应用奥贝胆酸激活FXR可缓解结肠炎, 但不能缓解FXR敲除小鼠的结肠炎[7, 31]。这些结果表明, FXR是肠道先天免疫的调节剂, 并可能通过免疫活性影响IBD, FXR激活可抑制炎症反应并减轻IBD中的肠道损伤[32], 而FXR敲除后会加重IBD。
FXR的激活或抑制可以对代谢稳态有显著影响, 已有研究提出使用FXR配体治疗胆汁淤积、炎症性肠病等。同时, 激活肠道FXR已被认知参与肠道免疫调节和屏障功能, 抑制肠道炎症以维持肠道屏障的完整性和功能[33]; FXR在不同水平和多个器官中调节炎症的作用及其与免疫系统相互作用的能力已成为人们关注的焦点。因此, FXR激动剂有望成为更有前景的IBD治疗药物。通过靶向FXR信号通路来改善炎症代表了对抗IBD的一个有吸引力的概念。激活FXR可能是治疗IBD及其并发症的治疗策略。因此, 本研究进一步评估了SchA在改善IBD中肠道炎症反应的影响。结果提示, SchA抑制了炎症反应, 导致结肠组织Il-1βIl-6Tnf-α的mRNA水平降低。同时, 在体外SchA处理后FXR转录活性增加。为了进一步研究SchA在治疗急性结肠炎中是否依赖于FXR的作用, 本研究在FXR敲除小鼠中研究了SchA对DSS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎的作用, 发现FXR的缺失显著削弱了SchA对小鼠急性结肠炎疾病症状、炎症反应和肠道损伤的改善。
本研究发现SchA可以通过激活FXR来改善小鼠结肠炎, 证实了SchA对IBD的保护作用, 并证明了FXR是SchA治疗IBD的有效治疗靶点, 也为SchA的临床应用提供了新的实验依据。
作者贡献: 蒋嘉瑞、丁丽丽和王旭设计实验; 蒋嘉瑞、董跨、金玉春、杨心茹、罗亦轩、徐书扬、王汛江进行实验数据采集与分析; 蒋嘉瑞、王旭、谷丽华、石燕红、杨莉、丁丽丽和王峥涛撰写、修改论文。
利益冲突: 本文的发表不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82122074)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274165)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204406)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82130115)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81920108033)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1319
  • 接收时间:2023-11-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-27
  • 出版时间:2024-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-21
  • 修回日期:2023-12-28
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82122074)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274165)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204406)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82130115)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81920108033)
作者信息
    1.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海市复方中药重点实验室, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203
    3.复旦大学附属妇产科医院乳腺科, 上海 200011

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*王旭, Tel: 86-21-51322507, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail: ;
丁丽丽, Tel: 86-21-51322496, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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