Article(id=1200500175811768702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200500165426672625, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1265, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699372800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-08, revisedDate=1708704000000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764151146127, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1718121600000, pubDateStr=2024-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764151146127, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764151146127, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764151146127, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200500165426672625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='6', pageStart='1509', pageEnd='1896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764151143651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225143180, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810542001680840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200500165426672625, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810542001680841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200500165426672625, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1765, endPage=1772, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200500176537383357, articleId=1200500175811768702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research and determination of related substances in flumazenil, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method utilizing correction factors was established for the quantitative detection of related substances in flumazenil. Separation was achieved using an Agilent Pursuit XRs C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic elution of dilute phosphoric acid, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phases. Correction factors calculated from a standard curve method were applied to determine the impurity content. The quantification of impurities in flumazenil was conducted using both external standard and correction factor methods, followed by validation and comparison of the two. For the identification of degradation products, a forced degradation approach was employed to prepare a flumazenil degradation solution, and the resulting impurities were confirmed by LC-MS analysis. The separation of flumazenil and its impurities was found to be efficient. The limits of quantification for impurities A, B, D, and E were established at 0.169 9, 0.314 7, 0.143 9, and 0.270 8 ng, respectively, with the limits of detection at 0.055 8, 0.096 9, 0.048 8, and 0.089 0 ng. These impurities demonstrated a strong linear relationship across the concentration ranges of 0.034 9-7.847 0, 0.038 7-8.710 7, 0.034 6-7.794 1, and 0.032 4-7.292 8 µg·mL-1, respectively (n = 7). The method achieved average recoveries between 98.25% and 99.42%, with an RSD of less than 2.0% (n = 9), indicating high accuracy. The external standard and correction factor methods were used to determine the related substances in flumazenil, and the results of the two methods were consistent. The established HPLC method is characterized by its high accuracy, sensitivity, and repeatability, and is suitable for determining related substances in flumazenil.

, correspAuthors=Yi-ping GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue-yan MIAO, Yuan YANG, Si-si LU, Jin-mei MO, Lin-kai HUANG, Jia-jun WEI, Yi-ping GU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200500179452424840, articleId=1200500175811768702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=氟马西尼有关物质的研究与测定, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

建立高效液相色谱法采用校正因子测定氟马西尼原料中有关杂质。采用Agilent Pursuit XRs C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱, 以稀磷酸溶液、甲醇和四氢呋喃为流动相, 等度洗脱。采用标准曲线法测定校正因子, 通过校正因子计算杂质含量。并用外标法验证校正因子方法的合理性、准确性和可行性。通过强制降解制备含有降解产物的氟马西尼降解溶液; 采用LC-MS对降解产生的杂质进行结构确证。结果表明, 氟马西尼和各杂质之间均分离良好, 杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E的定量限分别为0.169 9、0.314 7、0.143 9和0.270 8 ng, 检测限分别为0.055 8、0.096 9、0.048 8和0.089 0 ng, 质量浓度分别在0.034 9~7.847 0、0.038 7~8.710 7、0.034 6~7.794 1和0.032 4~7.292 8 µg·mL-1内, 线性关系良好(n = 7)。平均回收率在98.25%~99.42%之间, 相对标准偏差(RSD) 均小于2.0% (n = 9), 方法的准确度高。采用外标法和校正因子法测定氟马西尼有关物质, 两种方法结果一致。建立的HPLC方法准确度和灵敏度高、重复性好, 可用于氟马西尼有关物质的测定。

, correspAuthors=谷亦平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*谷亦平, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LoVabsBwDEuYV4cflXvN6A==, magXml=VOQWKouA+d6dc2rIRAU5ng==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=d8af7RFy8Vj7cH813Dp53w==, pdfFileSize=1020980, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=LPJa2hzyqCh7CY70yzMpYA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=UKBgHIH918vDSfq/lcQLtA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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2. The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin 541199, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201118427172794739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, authorId=1201118426791113046, language=CN, stringName=缪雪艳, firstName=雪艳, middleName=null, lastName=缪, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, #, address=1.桂林医学院公共卫生学院, 广西 桂林 541199
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A: Impurity 2; B: Impurity 3; C: Impurity 4; D: Impurity 6 , figureFileSmall=5fw2dI0kJ1nzxgn2856TVw==, figureFileBig=7g9lE88FtXkcg1eFmJuEzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118434584130254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Qvs/Hpzp9QXOOLfBvoltxQ==, figureFileBig=mAhz4jM/SNlb2mXpj0pKCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118434768679638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Mass spectrograms of the related impurities. A: Impurity 2; B: Impurity 3; C: Impurity 4; D: Impurity 6 , figureFileSmall=Qvs/Hpzp9QXOOLfBvoltxQ==, figureFileBig=mAhz4jM/SNlb2mXpj0pKCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118434911285987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZjYZrf2aLCU5zr2+X67IRQ==, figureFileBig=xeN+xDCY2zV9s7A1kagKpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118435041309413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The structures of flumazenil and impurities , figureFileSmall=ZjYZrf2aLCU5zr2+X67IRQ==, figureFileBig=xeN+xDCY2zV9s7A1kagKpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118435221664495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HDSjRRjRNUoF6nnYfnMuZQ==, figureFileBig=8VMvJEaOkjY4265WA534ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118435339105013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Fragmentation patterns of [M+H]<sup>+</sup> ion of impurity 4 , figureFileSmall=HDSjRRjRNUoF6nnYfnMuZQ==, figureFileBig=8VMvJEaOkjY4265WA534ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201118435481711356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AnalyteLinear equationLinear range/µg·mL-1R2LOQ/ngLOD/ng
FlumazenilY = 60.02C - 0.2940.039 7-8.928 01.000 00.575 10.163 1
Impurity AY = 66.97C - 0.3520.034 9-7.847 00.999 90.169 90.055 8
Impurity BY = 66.30C + 0.5150.038 7-8.710 70.999 90.314 70.096 9
Impurity DY = 92.93C + 0.9510.034 6-7.794 10.999 90.143 90.048 8
Impurity EY = 74.09C + 0.0280.032 4-7.292 80.999 90.270 80.089 0
), ArticleFig(id=1201118435653677827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Linear equation, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD)

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AnalyteLinear equationLinear range/µg·mL-1R2LOQ/ngLOD/ng
FlumazenilY = 60.02C - 0.2940.039 7-8.928 01.000 00.575 10.163 1
Impurity AY = 66.97C - 0.3520.034 9-7.847 00.999 90.169 90.055 8
Impurity BY = 66.30C + 0.5150.038 7-8.710 70.999 90.314 70.096 9
Impurity DY = 92.93C + 0.9510.034 6-7.794 10.999 90.143 90.048 8
Impurity EY = 74.09C + 0.0280.032 4-7.292 80.999 90.270 80.089 0
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ParameterChangeResolutionRelative retention time
Impurity A and DImpurity D and GImpurity G and EImpurity E and BImpurity B and flumazenilImpurity AImpurity DImpurity GImpurity EImpurity B
Wavelength/nm2303.159.202.123.1510.000.400.450.600.650.72
2283.159.202.123.1510.010.400.450.600.650.72
2323.159.202.123.1610.000.400.450.600.650.72
Flow rate/mL·min-10.83.088.852.032.999.460.400.440.600.650.72
1.22.808.381.982.709.100.400.440.600.650.72
Column temperature /℃332.948.511.953.068.880.400.440.600.640.72
372.888.542.012.519.280.400.450.600.650.71
Mobile phase ratio82∶11∶73.8110.612.303.8611.170.390.440.600.640.72
78∶15∶71.6416.916.181.9512.450.320.330.550.660.70
82∶13∶52.4715.205.012.6412.240.330.360.560.650.70
78∶13∶93.4610.422.353.3811.160.400.440.600.650.72
Mobile phase pH1.84.2111.803.262.4712.660.370.410.580.640.69
2.22.8410.782.553.8110.610.400.440.600.650.73
Column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, C18)Amethyst2.4611.102.183.9910.710.420.450.610.650.73
Hypersil1.118.572.311.666.700.500.5120.680.740.78
Develosil/10.122.252.927.940.400.400.610.660.74
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Results of durability test. /: The retention time of impurity A and impurity D was consistent

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ParameterChangeResolutionRelative retention time
Impurity A and DImpurity D and GImpurity G and EImpurity E and BImpurity B and flumazenilImpurity AImpurity DImpurity GImpurity EImpurity B
Wavelength/nm2303.159.202.123.1510.000.400.450.600.650.72
2283.159.202.123.1510.010.400.450.600.650.72
2323.159.202.123.1610.000.400.450.600.650.72
Flow rate/mL·min-10.83.088.852.032.999.460.400.440.600.650.72
1.22.808.381.982.709.100.400.440.600.650.72
Column temperature /℃332.948.511.953.068.880.400.440.600.640.72
372.888.542.012.519.280.400.450.600.650.71
Mobile phase ratio82∶11∶73.8110.612.303.8611.170.390.440.600.640.72
78∶15∶71.6416.916.181.9512.450.320.330.550.660.70
82∶13∶52.4715.205.012.6412.240.330.360.560.650.70
78∶13∶93.4610.422.353.3811.160.400.440.600.650.72
Mobile phase pH1.84.2111.803.262.4712.660.370.410.580.640.69
2.22.8410.782.553.8110.610.400.440.600.650.73
Column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, C18)Amethyst2.4611.102.183.9910.710.420.450.610.650.73
Hypersil1.118.572.311.666.700.500.5120.680.740.78
Develosil/10.122.252.927.940.400.400.610.660.74
), ArticleFig(id=1201118436110856990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
InstrumentColumnCorrection factor
ABDE
Agilent1260Agilent Pursuit XRs C180.896 10.905 30.645 80.810 1
Amethyst C180.899 50.913 70.661 20.821 3
Waters e2695CAPCELL PAK C180.902 20.904 50.647 90.811 3
VanquishInertsil ODS-30.879 10.899 40.634 70.789 7
Average0.894 20.905 70.647 40.808 1
RSD/%1.20.71.71.6
), ArticleFig(id=1201118436257657638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

The correction factor of different instruments and chromatographic columns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
InstrumentColumnCorrection factor
ABDE
Agilent1260Agilent Pursuit XRs C180.896 10.905 30.645 80.810 1
Amethyst C180.899 50.913 70.661 20.821 3
Waters e2695CAPCELL PAK C180.902 20.904 50.647 90.811 3
VanquishInertsil ODS-30.879 10.899 40.634 70.789 7
Average0.894 20.905 70.647 40.808 1
RSD/%1.20.71.71.6
), ArticleFig(id=1201118436421235501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
InstrumentColumnRelative retention time
ABDEG
Agilent1260Agilent Pursuit XRs C180.400.720.450.650.60
Amethyst C180.420.730.450.650.61
Waters e2695CAPCELL PAK C180.410.690.430.660.61
VanquishInertsil ODS-30.400.720.440.670.61
Average0.410.720.440.660.61
RSD/%2.32.42.21.50.8
), ArticleFig(id=1201118436593201974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relative retention time of 5 impurities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
InstrumentColumnRelative retention time
ABDEG
Agilent1260Agilent Pursuit XRs C180.400.720.450.650.60
Amethyst C180.420.730.450.650.61
Waters e2695CAPCELL PAK C180.410.690.430.660.61
VanquishInertsil ODS-30.400.720.440.670.61
Average0.410.720.440.660.61
RSD/%2.32.42.21.50.8
), ArticleFig(id=1201118436731614015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200500175811768702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample No.Impurity/%
AABBDDEEGGTotal
CSU9670.0020.002//0.0070.007//0.0130.0130.022
EXL5K-BM////0.0050.005//0.0060.0060.011
F1617092////0.0140.014//0.0320.0320.046
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Results of impurities content determination of samples (n = 3). / means no detected; Calculate the content by using the impurity as the reference substance; Calculate the content by using the flumazenil as the reference substance and adding a correction factor

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Sample No.Impurity/%
AABBDDEEGGTotal
CSU9670.0020.002//0.0070.007//0.0130.0130.022
EXL5K-BM////0.0050.005//0.0060.0060.011
F1617092////0.0140.014//0.0320.0320.046
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氟马西尼有关物质的研究与测定
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缪雪艳 1, 2, # , 杨园 3, # , 陆思思 1 , 莫金梅 1 , 黄琳凯 1 , 韦佳均 1 , 谷亦平 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(6): 1765-1772
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(6): 1765-1772
氟马西尼有关物质的研究与测定
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缪雪艳1, 2, #, 杨园3, #, 陆思思1, 莫金梅1, 黄琳凯1, 韦佳均1, 谷亦平1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.桂林医学院公共卫生学院, 广西 桂林 541199
  • 2.广西环境暴露组学与全生命周期健康重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541199
  • 3.武汉药品医疗器械检验所, 国家药品监督管理局药物制剂质量研究与控制重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430075

通讯作者:

*谷亦平, E-mail:
Research and determination of related substances in flumazenil
Xue-yan MIAO1, 2, Yuan YANG3, Si-si LU1, Jin-mei MO1, Lin-kai HUANG1, Jia-jun WEI1, Yi-ping GU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
  • 2. The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Guilin 541199, China
  • 3. NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Drug Products, Wuhan Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Wuhan 430075, China
出版时间: 2024-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1265
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建立高效液相色谱法采用校正因子测定氟马西尼原料中有关杂质。采用Agilent Pursuit XRs C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 色谱柱, 以稀磷酸溶液、甲醇和四氢呋喃为流动相, 等度洗脱。采用标准曲线法测定校正因子, 通过校正因子计算杂质含量。并用外标法验证校正因子方法的合理性、准确性和可行性。通过强制降解制备含有降解产物的氟马西尼降解溶液; 采用LC-MS对降解产生的杂质进行结构确证。结果表明, 氟马西尼和各杂质之间均分离良好, 杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E的定量限分别为0.169 9、0.314 7、0.143 9和0.270 8 ng, 检测限分别为0.055 8、0.096 9、0.048 8和0.089 0 ng, 质量浓度分别在0.034 9~7.847 0、0.038 7~8.710 7、0.034 6~7.794 1和0.032 4~7.292 8 µg·mL-1内, 线性关系良好(n = 7)。平均回收率在98.25%~99.42%之间, 相对标准偏差(RSD) 均小于2.0% (n = 9), 方法的准确度高。采用外标法和校正因子法测定氟马西尼有关物质, 两种方法结果一致。建立的HPLC方法准确度和灵敏度高、重复性好, 可用于氟马西尼有关物质的测定。

氟马西尼  /  校正因子  /  有关物质  /  降解产物  /  高效液相色谱法

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method utilizing correction factors was established for the quantitative detection of related substances in flumazenil. Separation was achieved using an Agilent Pursuit XRs C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic elution of dilute phosphoric acid, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phases. Correction factors calculated from a standard curve method were applied to determine the impurity content. The quantification of impurities in flumazenil was conducted using both external standard and correction factor methods, followed by validation and comparison of the two. For the identification of degradation products, a forced degradation approach was employed to prepare a flumazenil degradation solution, and the resulting impurities were confirmed by LC-MS analysis. The separation of flumazenil and its impurities was found to be efficient. The limits of quantification for impurities A, B, D, and E were established at 0.169 9, 0.314 7, 0.143 9, and 0.270 8 ng, respectively, with the limits of detection at 0.055 8, 0.096 9, 0.048 8, and 0.089 0 ng. These impurities demonstrated a strong linear relationship across the concentration ranges of 0.034 9-7.847 0, 0.038 7-8.710 7, 0.034 6-7.794 1, and 0.032 4-7.292 8 µg·mL-1, respectively (n = 7). The method achieved average recoveries between 98.25% and 99.42%, with an RSD of less than 2.0% (n = 9), indicating high accuracy. The external standard and correction factor methods were used to determine the related substances in flumazenil, and the results of the two methods were consistent. The established HPLC method is characterized by its high accuracy, sensitivity, and repeatability, and is suitable for determining related substances in flumazenil.

flumazenil  /  correction factor  /  related substance  /  degradation product  /  HPLC
缪雪艳, 杨园, 陆思思, 莫金梅, 黄琳凯, 韦佳均, 谷亦平. 氟马西尼有关物质的研究与测定. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (6) : 1765 -1772 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1265
Xue-yan MIAO, Yuan YANG, Si-si LU, Jin-mei MO, Lin-kai HUANG, Jia-jun WEI, Yi-ping GU. Research and determination of related substances in flumazenil[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (6) : 1765 -1772 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1265
药物中的杂质不仅会对接受药物治疗的患者造成不必要的影响, 还会产生毒性影响[1]。药物杂质主要来源于原料的杂质、合成过程中产生的异构体和副产物、合成中使用的试剂、催化剂和溶剂、中间体、降解产物和赋形剂杂质。原料药的合成路线、反应条件、原料质量、试剂、溶剂、纯化步骤和最终产物的储存等会影响杂质的性质和数量[2]。对药物中杂质进行系统的研究, 尤其是降解产生的杂质以及合理的降解机制, 需要开发一种有效的分析方法对这些杂质进行分离分析和定量检测, 以保证药物中活性物质的稳定性。
氟马西尼, 化学名为8-氟-5, 6-二氢-5-甲基-6-氧代-4H-咪唑并[1, 5-α][1,4]苯并二氮䓬-3-甲酸乙酯, 是第一个用于临床的苯二氮䓬类药拮抗剂[3]。苯二氮䓬类药物通过与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA) 受体的特异性结合发挥作用[4, 5], 氟马西尼对GABA受体具有高度的选择性和亲和力, 并竞争性地抑制苯二氮䓬类药物的作用, 逆转苯二氮䓬类药物的不良药理作用[6]。临床上用于终止由苯二氮䓬类药物诱导维持的全身麻醉及苯二氮䓬类药物中毒的解毒剂[7], 肝性脑病[8]、癫痫[9]、头部损伤和呼吸道疾病[10, 11]的治疗。
目前各国药典均对氟马西尼有关物质进行检查, 中国药典(2020年版)[12]、美国药典(2023版)[13]、欧洲药典(11.0版)[14]和英国药典(2023年版)[15]均采用HPLC法测定有关物质。但中国药典中仅规定了单个杂质和总杂质限度, 未对杂质进行定性分析。美国、欧洲和英国的药典采用相对保留时间确定5种已知杂质。Jiang等[16]采用LC-Q-TOF/MS和NMR方法鉴别氟马西尼的降解产物并对降解途径进行阐明, 成功鉴定出15种降解产物, 3种为已知杂质。现有的文献倾向于氟马西尼杂质的鉴别和合成, 对杂质含量测定较少。
本研究旨在建立氟马西尼原料药有关物质测定的新方法。结合氟马西尼原料药的强制降解实验, 采用LC-MS对强制降解产生的杂质进行结构确证, 研究主要的降解途径。确定各杂质相对于氟马西尼的保留时间和校正因子, 根据相对保留时间和校正因子对各杂质进行定性分析和定量计算, 结合外标法对校正因子法测定结果进行验证和比较。建立HPLC校正因子法测定氟马西尼中有关杂质。这些研究可为氟马西尼原料药质量标准的提高和质量控制提供重要的实验依据。
仪器  Xevo TQ-S液质联用仪(ACQUITY UPLC超高效液相色谱仪) 和Waters e2695高效液相色谱仪(美国沃特世公司); Agilent1260高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦公司), 附二极管阵列检测器(1260DAD); Vanquish高效液相色谱仪(美国赛默飞公司); METTLER TOLEDO ME204天平、METTLER TOLEDO XS105天平和SevenEasy酸度计(瑞士梅特勒公司); Milli-Q Direct 8纯水机(美国MILLIPORE公司)。
药品与试剂  氟马西尼对照品(批号100727-202003, 纯度99.9%) 由中国食品药品检定研究院提供; 杂质A (批号BD97507, 纯度99.99%) 和杂质D (批号CQU442, 纯度97%) 均购自上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司; 杂质B (批号0402-RD-0015, 纯度96.4%) 和杂质E (批号0402-RD-0016, 纯度97.3%) 由美国CATO公司提供; 氟马西尼原料药(批号CSU967, 购自上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司; 批号EXL5K-BM, 购自上海捷世凯生物科技有限公司; 批号F1617092, 购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 甲醇(色谱纯, 美国Tedia公司); 四氢呋喃(色谱纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 实验用水为超纯水; 其余试剂均为分析纯。
色谱条件  色谱柱: Agilent Pursuit XRs C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); 流动相为稀磷酸溶液(水1 L, 用磷酸调至pH 2.0)-甲醇-四氢呋喃(80∶13∶7); 流速1.0 mL·min-1; 检测波长230 nm; 柱温35 ℃, 进样量20 μL。
质谱条件  色谱柱: XBridge CSH C18 (150 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.5 μm); 流动相为稀醋酸溶液(水1 L, 用冰醋酸调至pH 3.0)-甲醇(60∶40); 流速0.3 mL·min-1; 柱温40 ℃, 进样量10 μL。离子源为ESI源, 正离子模式; 毛细管电压2.0 kV; 锥孔电压16 V; 源温度150 ℃; 雾化气温度450 ℃; 雾化气流速650 L·h-1; 锥孔气流速150 L·h-1; 扫描方式为多反应监测, 扫描范围m/z 50~800。
溶液制备
对照品溶液  分别精密称取氟马西尼、杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E对照品适量, 加适量甲醇溶解并用HPLC流动相稀释, 制成每1 mL中含氟马西尼和各杂质均为0.5 mg的溶液, 作为对照品储备液。分别精密量取各杂质对照品储备液适量置同一量瓶中, 加流动相稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 制成每1 mL中含杂质均为10.0 μg的溶液, 作为杂质对照品储备液。分别精密量取各对照品储备液适量置同一量瓶中, 加流动相稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 制成每1 mL中含氟马西尼1.0 μg、杂质2.0 μg的混合溶液, 作为对照品溶液。
供试品溶液  精密称取氟马西尼原料药适量, 加适量甲醇溶解并用流动相稀释, 制成每1 mL中含氟马西尼1.0 mg的溶液, 作为供试品溶液。
系统适用性溶液  取氟马西尼对照品10 mg, 精密称定, 置10 mL量瓶中, 加甲醇2 mL溶解, 加0.5 mol·L-1的氢氧化钠溶液0.5 mL, 放置1 min, 用0.5 mol·L-1的盐酸溶液0.5 mL中和, 用流动相稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为系统适用性溶液①; 取氟马西尼对照品10 mg, 精密称定, 置10 mL量瓶中, 加甲醇2 mL溶解, 加0.5 mol·L-1的氢氧化钠溶液0.5 mL, 放置1 min, 用0.5 mol·L-1的盐酸溶液0.5 mL中和, 加杂质对照品储备液2.0 mL, 用流动相稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为系统适用性溶液②。
降解实验溶液制备
氟马西尼储备溶液  精密称取氟马西尼原料药50 mg, 置50 mL量瓶中, 加甲醇适量溶解并用流动相稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 既得。
光破坏溶液  取氟马西尼储备溶液5.0 mL, 置光照强度为4 000 lx的光源下24 h。
热破坏溶液  取氟马西尼储备溶液5.0 mL, 置80 ℃水浴中放置2 h, 取出, 放冷, 既得。
酸破坏溶液  取氟马西尼储备溶液5.0 mL, 加1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液0.5 mL, 置80 ℃水浴中放置1 h, 取出, 放冷, 既得。
碱破坏溶液  取氟马西尼储备溶液5.0 mL, 加0.5 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液0.25 mL, 室温放置1 min, 加0.5 mol·L-1盐酸溶液0.25 mL中和, 摇匀, 既得。
氧化破坏溶液  取氟马西尼储备溶液5.0 mL, 加30%过氧化氢溶液2.0 mL, 室温放置48 h, 既得。
方法学考察
系统适用性  精密量取系统适用性溶液①和②各20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 考察HPLC方法的系统适用性。
专属性  分别精密量取降解实验中破坏溶液各20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 考察HPLC方法的专属性。
精密度  精密量取对照品溶液20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 连续进样6次, 计算氟马西尼和各杂质对照品峰面积的RSD。
线性关系  精密量取各对照品储备液适量, 加流动相定量稀释, 制成氟马西尼和各杂质对照品质量浓度分别为8.00、6.00、4.00、2.00、1.00、0.10和0.04 μg·mL-1的线性溶液。分别精密量取线性关系溶液各20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 以氟马西尼和各杂质对照品的质量浓度(C, μg·mL-1) 为横坐标, 峰面积(Y) 为纵坐标, 分别绘制标准曲线, 计算线性回归方程。
定量限和检测限  取各对照品储备溶液, 用流动相逐级稀释, 得到一系列浓度不同的溶液, 分别精密量取20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 连续进样3次, 得到HPLC方法的定量限(信噪比为10∶1) 和检测限(信噪比为3∶1)。
加样回收率  精密称取已知含量的氟马西尼10 mg, 共9份, 分别置20 mL量瓶中, 分3组, 分别加入杂质对照品储备液适量, 用流动相稀释至刻度, 使杂质浓度分别为限度浓度的50%、100%和150%。分别精密量取加样回收率溶液各20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 记录峰面积, 分别以外标法和主成分加校正因子法计算各杂质的回收率及其RSD (n = 9), 考察校正因子法的准确度。
重复性  取同一批氟马西尼(F1617092) 样品, 平行制备6份氟马西尼供试品溶液, 各取20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 记录峰面积, 分别以外标法和主成分加校正因子法计算杂质含量及其RSD。
耐用性实验  精密量取20 μL系统适用性溶液②, 注入液相色谱仪, 在其他条件不变的情况下, 改变其中一项, 检测波长(±2 nm)、流速(±0.2 mL·min-1)、柱温(±2 ℃)、流动相中水相比例(±2.5%)、流动相的pH值(±0.2) 和不同品牌的色谱柱(C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, 品牌为Hypersil BDS、Amethyst C18-H、Develosil RPAQUEOUS) 时, 考察氟马西尼和各杂质的分离情况及相对保留时间。
校正因子的测定  校正因子的计算公式为: 校正因子= k氟马西尼/k杂质, 其中k为标准曲线的斜率。由线性回归方程计算杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E的校正因子[17]
不同仪器、色谱柱对校正因子的影响  分别考察不同仪器(Agilent1260型、Waters e2695型、Vanquish高效液相色谱仪) 和不同色谱柱(Agilent Pursuit XRs C18、CAPCELL PAK C18、Inertsil ODS-3和Amethyst C18, 规格均为250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 对校正因子的影响, 计算杂质校正因子的平均值及RSD值。
杂质色谱峰的定位  取系统适用性溶液②, 按色谱条件分别测定不同型号仪器(Agilent 1260型、Waters e2695型、Vanquish高效液相色谱仪) 和色谱柱(Agilent Pursuit XRs C18、CAPCELL PAK C18、Inertsil ODS-3和Amethyst C18, 规格均为250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) 条件下各杂质色谱峰的保留时间, 以氟马西尼色谱峰保留时间为基准, 采用相对保留时间值对各杂质色谱峰进行定位, 计算相对保留时间的平均值及RSD值。
样品测定  取3批氟马西尼原料药(批号CSU967、EXL5K-BM、F1617092), 各制备3份供试品溶液, 分别量取20 μL, 注入液相色谱仪, 记录色谱图, 分别以外标法和主成分加校正因子法计算杂质含量及其RSD。
在建立的HPLC方法下, 系统适用性溶液①和②中各杂质色谱峰和氟马西尼色谱峰之间的分离度均大于2.0, 分离度良好, 理论板数均大于10 000, 符合系统适用性实验的要求(图 1ab)。
氟马西尼经光照、热、强酸、强碱和氧化强制破坏实验后, 杂质2~4为主要降解产物(图 1)。降解产生的各杂质之间及杂质与主成分之间均能完全分离(分离度均大于2.0), 以供试品溶液的主峰面积为100%, 计算样品物料平衡(未破坏样品的主峰面积为100%), 结果表明, 破坏后各样品的主峰面积与杂质峰面积总和, 均在100%~105%内, 物料基本守恒。
杂质2是酸、碱和热降解中的主要降解产物, 其DAD图谱显示其紫外吸收与杂质对照品A的DAD图谱一致(图 2A)。图 3A质谱结果显示杂质2的[M+H]+m/z 276.13, 比氟马西尼的分子质量少28, 推测其化合物分子式为C13H10FN3O3。杂质2的主要碎片离子m/z为258.07和217.10, 推测其为已知杂质A, 化合物结构见图 4
氟马西尼样品中检测到杂质3, 含量未超过0.02%, 在氧化降解实验中, 杂质3含量明显增加, 为氧化降解的主要降解产物, 杂质3的DAD图谱紫外吸收与杂质对照品D的DAD图谱一致(图 2B)。图 3B质谱结果显示杂质3的[M+H]+m/z 209.06, 推测其化合物分子式为C10H9FN2O2, 主要的碎片离子m/z为166.02、138.12和99.07, 推测其为已知杂质D, 化合物结构式见图 4
杂质4在氟马西尼样品中被检测到, 同时在酸、碱和热降解实验中杂质4含量明显增加, 是主要的降解产物, 其DAD图谱如图 2C所示。图 3C质谱结果显示其[M+H]+峰为m/z 290.09, 与氟马西尼分子质量相比, 其分子质量少14, 氟马西尼失去一个亚甲基, 推测其化合物分子式为C14H12FN3O3。主要的碎片离子m/z为258.09、217.06和189.20, 推测其化学结构如图 4, 与文献[16]杂质H一致, 裂解过程见图 5, 将其命名为杂质G。
杂质6为氧化降解的降解产物, 其DAD图谱显示其紫外吸收与杂质对照品B的DAD图谱一致(图 2D)。图 3D质谱结果显示杂质6的[M+H]+m/z 302.00, 比氟马西尼的分子质量少2, 推测其化合物分子式为C15H15N3O4。主要碎片离子m/z为256.01和215.07, 推测其为已知杂质B, 化合物结构见图 4
氟马西尼和各杂质的线性回归方程、相关系数、线性范围、检出限、定量限见表 1。结果表明, 氟马西尼和各杂质在实验浓度范围内, 浓度与峰面积线性关系良好, 相关系数均不低于0.999 9。各杂质的定量限和检出限远低于杂质限度, 方法的灵敏度满足有关物质的检测要求。
对照品溶液连续进样6次, 氟马西尼、杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E峰面积的RSD分别为0.13%、0.09%、0.18%、0.04%和0.14%, 表明仪器精密度良好。
以杂质为对照品, 按外标法以峰面积计算样品中杂质回收率, 杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E的平均回收率分别为99.30%、98.25%、99.42%和98.89%; 同时以主成分加校正因子法计算杂质回收率, 杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E的平均回收率分别为99.14%、98.94%、100.54%和98.80%, RSD均小于2.0% (n = 9)。两种方法结果的相对平均偏差均小于2.0%, 表明校正因子法与外标法均有好的准确性。
氟马西尼样品6份, 分别以外标法和主成分加校正因子法计算杂质含量, 6份样品中杂质A、杂质B和杂质E均未检出, 杂质D和杂质G的平均含量分别为0.014%和0.032%, 均小于规定的限度, 且两种方法计算结果一致, RSD均小于5.0%。
在其他条件不变的情况下, 检测波长、流速、柱温、流动相中水相比例、流动相的pH值等发生微小变化时, 系统适用性溶液②中氟马西尼和各杂质的出峰顺序不变, 相对保留时间基本一致, 各峰之间的分离度均大于2.0。但不同品牌的色谱柱对杂质分离能力不同, 其中Agilent Pursuit XRs C18和Amethyst C18色谱柱分离效果较好(表 2)。
结果表明, 由线性回归方程计算杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E的校正因子分别为0.894 2、0.905 7、0.647 4、0.808 1, RSD均小于2.0%。
在不同高效液相色谱仪和色谱柱条件下, 根据线性回归方程的斜率计算各杂质的校正因子(表 3)。各杂质校正因子的RSD值均小于2.0%。表明不同的高效液相色谱仪和色谱柱对校正因子没有显著影响, 校正因子可用于杂质测定。
在不同高效液相色谱仪和色谱柱条件下, 杂质A、杂质B、杂质D、杂质E和杂质G的相对保留时间分别为0.41、0.72、0.44、0.66、0.61, RSD小于3.0% (表 4)。结果表明, 相对保留时间可用于杂质色谱峰定位。
分别以外标法和主成分加校正因子法计算样品中杂质含量, 3批氟马西尼样品中均检出杂质D和杂质G, 毕得医药(CSU967) 检出杂质A, 样品中均未检出杂质B和杂质E, 单个杂质限度均未超过0.2%, 总杂质未超过0.5%。两种方法计算结果一致(表 5), 表明校正因子法是可行的, 结果的准确度高。
本文参考文献[12-16]考察了乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液、乙腈- 0.1%柠檬酸溶液、甲醇-含0.1%冰醋酸的20 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(pH 4.7)、甲醇-冰醋酸溶液(pH 3.0) 和稀磷酸溶液(pH 2.0)-甲醇-四氢呋喃流动相对氟马西尼及5种杂质的分离情况, 最终以稀磷酸溶液(pH 2.0)-甲醇-四氢呋喃(80∶13∶7) 作为HPLC流动相, 各峰分离度、理论塔板数以及基线较好。同时, 考察了不同品牌的色谱柱, 最终选用Agilent Pursuit XRs C18色谱柱进行有关物质方法的测定。LC-MS实验中, 为避免使用不挥发性的溶液, 最终以甲醇-冰醋酸溶液(pH 3.0, 60∶40) 为流动相。
杂质A、杂质B、杂质D和杂质E为已知杂质, 但不易得到。对氟马西尼进行强制降解实验, 光、热、酸、碱和氧化的作用均可以使氟马西尼溶液降解产生杂质A, 尤其是酸、碱和热破坏下。杂质G在酸和碱作用下增加明显。而杂质D和杂质B在氧化破坏中出现, 杂质E未出现。杂质A和杂质G在碱降解实验中极易得, 强碱破坏时, 氟马西尼降解迅速, 5 mL氟马西尼储备溶液中, 加入1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液0.5 mL, 5 min氟马西尼的降解产物可超过50%。因此以碱破坏得到的溶液作为系统适用性溶液, 系统适用性溶液中杂质A、杂质G和氟马西尼分离良好(图 1a)。杂质相对保留时间测定实验中, 各已知杂质和降解产生的杂质G及氟马西尼色谱峰在不同仪器和不同色谱柱中出峰顺序一致, 各杂质相对于氟马西尼的相对保留时间值基本一致, 可根据相对保留时间确定杂质。
高效液相色谱法测定杂质含量首选方法是外标法, 外标法中需要已知杂质的对照品或标准物质, 但因氟马西尼杂质对照品的获得困难, 因此本研究选用校正因子法测定杂质含量。校正因子法在有关物质检查[17, 18]和中药一测多评[19, 20]中被广泛应用, 采用校正因子加主成分自身对照, 在对照品无法及时满足供应的情况下, 可以在常规检验中省去对照品, 同时又考虑了主成分和杂质的响应因子不同造成的测定误差, 准确度较好[18-20]。本研究通过质谱对氟马西尼的降解产物进行确证, 根据氟马西尼和各杂质的标准曲线计算杂质的校正因子, 并将校正因子通过杂质回收率实验、重复性实验和样品测定进行验证, 采用主成分加校正因子法计算的杂质含量, 与外标法计算的杂质含量, 结果一致, 说明主成分加校正因子法在氟马西尼有关物质的测定中是可行的。
中国药典(2020年版) 中氟马西尼检查项中有关物质限度为单个杂质不超过0.2%, 总杂质不超过0.5%。三批样品均符合规定。药品检查有关物质时, 对特定杂质进行控制已逐渐成为药品质量控制的常态, 本文建立一种有效的HPLC法检测氟马西尼原料药中有关物质, 对样品中可能出现的杂质进行定性分析并定量测定, 同时对该方法进行方法学验证。结果表明, 本方法操作简便, 准确性好, 专属性强, 线性关系良好, 灵敏度高, 重复性好, 可为氟马西尼原料药质量标准的建立提供检测方法与实验数据。
作者贡献: 缪雪艳和杨园为本文所涉及的实验的主要操作者、实验数据处理及论文的撰写者; 陆思思、莫金梅、黄琳凯和韦佳均参与实验并处理实验数据; 谷亦平设计实验并对文章进行了构思和修改。
利益冲突: 本文无利益冲突。
  • 广西自然科学基金资助项目(2023GXNSFAA026416)
  • 广西大学生创新训练项目(S202210601159)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1265
  • 接收时间:2023-11-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-08
  • 修回日期:2024-02-24
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广西自然科学基金资助项目(2023GXNSFAA026416)
广西大学生创新训练项目(S202210601159)
作者信息
    1.桂林医学院公共卫生学院, 广西 桂林 541199
    2.广西环境暴露组学与全生命周期健康重点实验室, 广西 桂林 541199
    3.武汉药品医疗器械检验所, 国家药品监督管理局药物制剂质量研究与控制重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430075

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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