Article(id=1200394159598203102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1311, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700409600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-20, revisedDate=1715443200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764125869893, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1720713600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764125869893, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764125869893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764125869893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200394147019477416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1897', pageEnd='2182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764125866894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225115484, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2098, endPage=2107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200394160785191164, articleId=1200394159598203102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploring the risk "time interval window" of sequential medication of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on the correlation between biochemical indexes and metabolomics characteristics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Exploring the risk "time interval window" of sequential medication of Reduning injection (RDN) and penicillin G injection (PG) by detecting the correlation between serum biochemical indexes and plasma metabonomic characteristics, in order to reduce the risk of adverse reactions caused by the combination of RDN and PG. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). The changes of biochemical indexes in serum of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was determined that RDN combined with PG could cause pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) activated by complement pathway. Further investigation was carried out at different time intervals (1.5, 2, 3.5, 4, 6, and 8 h PG+RDN). It was found that sequential administration within 3.5 h could cause significant PARs. However, PARs were significantly reduced after administration interval of more than 4 h. LC-MS was used for plasma metabolomics analysis, and the levels of serum biochemical indicators and plasma metabolic profile characteristics were compared in parallel. 22 differential metabolites showed similar or opposite trends to biochemical indicators before and after 3.5 h. And enriched to 10 PARs-related pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, there is a risk "time interval window" phenomenon in the adverse drug reactions caused by the sequential use of RDN and PG, and the interval medication after the "time interval window" can significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions.

, correspAuthors=Wei-xia LI, Jin-fa TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming-liang ZHANG, Yu-long CHEN, Xiao-yan WANG, Xiao-fei CHEN, Hui ZHANG, Ya-li WU, Liu-qing YANG, Shu-qi ZHANG, Lu NIU, Ke-ran FENG, Wei-xia LI, Jin-fa TANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200394165927408171, articleId=1200394159598203102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于生化指标与代谢组学特征关联探索热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液序贯用药的风险“时间窗”, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用检测血清生化指标与血浆代谢组学特征关联探索热毒宁注射液(Reduning, RDN) 与青霉素注射液(penicillin G, PG) 序贯用药风险“时间窗”, 以期降低二者联用引发不良反应发生风险。所有动物实验操作和福利均遵循河南中医药大学第一附属实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会要求(批号: YFYDW2020002)。利用ELISA检测大鼠血清中生化指标的含量变化检测相关过敏指标, 判定出RDN联用PG能引起由补体途径激活后的类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs)。进一步对二者设置不同时间给药间隔(1.5、2、3.5、4、6和8 h PG+RDN) 进行考察, 发现在3.5 h以内序贯给药, 均能引起明显的PARs; 而给药间隔超过4 h后PARs则明显减轻。同时采用LC-MS进行血浆代谢组学分析, 平行比较大鼠的血清生化指标水平与血浆代谢轮廓特征, 筛选出22个差异代谢物在3.5 h前后呈现出与生化指标相似或相反的变化趋势。并富集到花生四烯酸代谢、甾体激素生物合成代谢、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、色氨酸代谢等10条类过敏相关通路。综上所述, RDN和PG序贯使用所导致的药物不良反应确实存在风险“时间窗”现象, 在“时间窗”之后的间隔用药能有效降低不良反应发生风险。

, correspAuthors=李伟霞, 唐进法, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李伟霞, E-mail: ;
唐进法, E-mail:
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Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106968950825198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, companyId=1201106968925659372, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1201106969689022739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201106969802268951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, authorId=1201106969689022739, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-yan WANG, firstName=Xiao-yan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1. 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Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Safety Evaluation and Risk Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201106971517739343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, authorId=1201106971303829833, language=CN, stringName=张书琦, firstName=书琦, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院 药学部, 河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室, 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南 郑州 450003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201106968690778339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106968703361253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, companyId=1201106968690778339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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3. Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201106973593919852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, authorId=1201106973396787558, language=CN, stringName=李伟霞, firstName=伟霞, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院 药学部, 河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室, 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南 郑州 450003
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2. Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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2.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
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Advantage and risk analysis on combination of traditional Chinese medicines and Western medicines [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2023, 54: 408-415., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106979163955644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao ZY. Clinical effect of Reduning injection combined with azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children and its influence on the level of inflammatory factors [J]. 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Chin J Drug Appl Monit (中国药物应用与监测), 2019, 16: 311-313., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106982053831119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pichler WJ, Hausmann O. Classification of drug hypersensitivity into allergic, p-i, and pseudo-allergic forms [J]. 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J Guangdong Pharm Univ (广东药学院学报), 2013, 29: 465-469., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106982372598226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang YF, Xie JJ, Chen M, et al. Research progress on the mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction of traditional Chinese medicine injection [J]. Chin Tradit Pat Med (中成药), 2019, 41: 1935-1940., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106982448095699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moghimi SM, Hamad I. Liposome-mediated triggering of complement cascade [J]. J Liposome Res, 2008, 18: 195-209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106982527787476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kolmert J, Gomez C, Balgoma D, et al. Urinary leukotriene E4 and prostaglandin D2 metabolites increase in adult and childhood severe asthma characterized by type 2 inflammation. A clinical observational study [J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2021, 203: 37-53., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201106982586507733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: new twists in an old tale [J]. 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Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106968950825198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, companyId=1201106968925659372, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1201106969047294196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106969055682805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, companyId=1201106969047294196, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106969064071414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, companyId=1201106969047294196, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201106975389082008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pCwrKONTec3+sa916dW/eg==, figureFileBig=twA8nPA14jEk12fis9H4dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106975477162394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Behavioral changes of rats in different time interval groups (<i>n</i> = 8, mean ± SD). A: Tendency chart of allergic score changes in rats between different time intervals; B: Tendency chart of binaural weight changes in rats between different time intervals. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001. The groups which less than 3.5 h are highlighted with a shadow behind. RDN: Reduning; PG: Penicillin G , figureFileSmall=pCwrKONTec3+sa916dW/eg==, figureFileBig=twA8nPA14jEk12fis9H4dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106975582019996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lCYaI8KyJY7sUUgga23Eng==, figureFileBig=SbwnSwpz9EQAskzKKbGhMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106975674294687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Changes of different biochemical indexes in serum of rats. <i>n</i> = 8, mean ± SD. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001. HIS: Histamine; C3 and C5: Complement component 3 and 5; IgE, IgG, and IgM: Immunoglobulin E, G, and M , figureFileSmall=lCYaI8KyJY7sUUgga23Eng==, figureFileBig=SbwnSwpz9EQAskzKKbGhMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106975749792159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UslVp7ELV9k6/N5dWzCbKA==, figureFileBig=I8fCLsvtL0Brkyadh00eYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106975833678240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Changes of biochemical indexes in rats at different time intervals. A: Change trend of HIS level in rats between different groups; B: Change trend of C3 level in rats between different groups; C: Change trend of C5 level in rats between different groups. The groups which less than 3.5 h are highlighted with a shadow behind. D: Change trend of IgE level in rats between different groups; E: Change trend of IgG level in rats between different groups; F: Change trend of IgM level in rats between different groups. <i>n</i> = 8, mean ± SD. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=UslVp7ELV9k6/N5dWzCbKA==, figureFileBig=I8fCLsvtL0Brkyadh00eYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106976022421921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=m6sX4wQOu4VqQPRiuf0dSQ==, figureFileBig=ojWZkagIgz20rL4bvw+SyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106976127279523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= PCA score plot of negative ion mode with dense distribution of QC samples. QC: Quality control , figureFileSmall=m6sX4wQOu4VqQPRiuf0dSQ==, figureFileBig=ojWZkagIgz20rL4bvw+SyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106976198582691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZGxSVNNYpTlfbrefh4Mlaw==, figureFileBig=b3QjH8KyU9UCvxtGkWnZJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106976278274469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= PCA analysis results of metabolites in different groups of rats. A: PCA score map of rat metabolite group; B: Corresponding principal component distribution map. The grouping information is represented on the lower left side of the corresponding picture. The plots in blue colored circle and red colored circle represented groups that interval larger than 4 h and smaller than 3.5 h respectively. In order to facilitate the distinction of 16 different groups, 16 different colors were selected for marking, and the detailed grouping information was combined with the legend , figureFileSmall=ZGxSVNNYpTlfbrefh4Mlaw==, figureFileBig=b3QjH8KyU9UCvxtGkWnZJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106977419125159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mCzM6wRT6ogrrn4EGOwEmQ==, figureFileBig=qZ0oTWT9Yuk9FdfCfaIGTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106977507205545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= OPLS-DA analysis results of metabolites in different groups of rats. 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No.tR/minm/zError (ppm)Metabolite nameEar weight correlation (corr)Risk group vs security group
VIPP(corr)
1*2.18203.081 8-3.85L-Tryptophan0.712.230.86
2*3.08159.091 5-8.25Tryptamine0.712.900.95
3*8.68448.305 5-2.95Glycochenodeoxycholate0.632.200.86
4*8.86391.211 63.76Thromboxane B20.752.150.93
59.50321.145 8-4.6719-Oxoandrostenedione0.732.580.88
6*9.59381.170 45.81Cortisone0.692.470.94
7*11.89333.205 8-3.67Prostaglandin H20.742.900.93
8*12.10381.225 0-9.825(S)-HPETE0.712.680.93
9*13.82605.241 920.14Leukotriene F40.712.340.93
10*14.59624.304 313.30Leukotriene C40.732.320.93
11*14.78325.183 47.0811-Dehydrocorticosterone0.722.050.89
12*14.97319.226 8-3.05Leukotriene B40.652.030.82
13*16.28397.225 46.41Prostaglandin E20.732.460.97
14*17.76311.198 3-3.19Androsterone0.732.860.96
1518.70339.199 215.88Leukotriene A40.712.430.84
16*20.20347.219 7-8.40Taurochenodeoxycholate0.681.450.87
17*20.46770.569 4-12.96Galactosylceramide-0.622.09-0.85
18*20.64303.232 9-0.20Arachidonic acid0.731.910.84
19*21.17788.546 42.14Phosphatidylserine0.622.540.85
2021.19383.188 311.83Cortisol0.692.380.89
21*21.25850.560 50.24Phosphatidylcholine0.611.780.80
2221.43405.172 611.20Prostaglandin G20.662.220.82
), ArticleFig(id=1201106978274763187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Identification of plasma differential metabolites. VIP: Variable important in projection; *The identified metabolites were identified by secondary chromatography fragment ions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.tR/minm/zError (ppm)Metabolite nameEar weight correlation (corr)Risk group vs security group
VIPP(corr)
1*2.18203.081 8-3.85L-Tryptophan0.712.230.86
2*3.08159.091 5-8.25Tryptamine0.712.900.95
3*8.68448.305 5-2.95Glycochenodeoxycholate0.632.200.86
4*8.86391.211 63.76Thromboxane B20.752.150.93
59.50321.145 8-4.6719-Oxoandrostenedione0.732.580.88
6*9.59381.170 45.81Cortisone0.692.470.94
7*11.89333.205 8-3.67Prostaglandin H20.742.900.93
8*12.10381.225 0-9.825(S)-HPETE0.712.680.93
9*13.82605.241 920.14Leukotriene F40.712.340.93
10*14.59624.304 313.30Leukotriene C40.732.320.93
11*14.78325.183 47.0811-Dehydrocorticosterone0.722.050.89
12*14.97319.226 8-3.05Leukotriene B40.652.030.82
13*16.28397.225 46.41Prostaglandin E20.732.460.97
14*17.76311.198 3-3.19Androsterone0.732.860.96
1518.70339.199 215.88Leukotriene A40.712.430.84
16*20.20347.219 7-8.40Taurochenodeoxycholate0.681.450.87
17*20.46770.569 4-12.96Galactosylceramide-0.622.09-0.85
18*20.64303.232 9-0.20Arachidonic acid0.731.910.84
19*21.17788.546 42.14Phosphatidylserine0.622.540.85
2021.19383.188 311.83Cortisol0.692.380.89
21*21.25850.560 50.24Phosphatidylcholine0.611.780.80
2221.43405.172 611.20Prostaglandin G20.662.220.82
), ArticleFig(id=1201106978358649269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394159598203102, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Pathway nameMatch statusP value-lgPImpact
Arachidonic acid metabolism9/360.0009.920.77
Steroid hormone biosynthesis5/770.0032.590.08
Linoleic acid metabolism1/50.0651.190.00
Glycerophospholipid metabolism2/360.0801.100.14
Tryptophan metabolism2/410.1011.000.18
Primary bile acid biosynthesis2/460.1220.910.05
α-Linolenic acid metabolism1/130.1600.800.00
Sphingolipid metabolism1/210.2460.610.14
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids1/360.3850.410.00
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis1/480.4780.320.00
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MetaboAnalyst platform integrated differential metabolite enrichment analysis results

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Pathway nameMatch statusP value-lgPImpact
Arachidonic acid metabolism9/360.0009.920.77
Steroid hormone biosynthesis5/770.0032.590.08
Linoleic acid metabolism1/50.0651.190.00
Glycerophospholipid metabolism2/360.0801.100.14
Tryptophan metabolism2/410.1011.000.18
Primary bile acid biosynthesis2/460.1220.910.05
α-Linolenic acid metabolism1/130.1600.800.00
Sphingolipid metabolism1/210.2460.610.14
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids1/360.3850.410.00
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis1/480.4780.320.00
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基于生化指标与代谢组学特征关联探索热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液序贯用药的风险“时间窗”
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张明亮 1 , 陈毓龙 2 , 王晓艳 1, 3 , 陈小菲 1 , 张辉 1 , 吴娅丽 1 , 杨柳青 1 , 张书琦 1 , 牛璐 1 , 冯科冉 1 , 李伟霞 1, 3, * , 唐进法 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(7): 2098-2107
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(7): 2098-2107
基于生化指标与代谢组学特征关联探索热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液序贯用药的风险“时间窗”
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张明亮1, 陈毓龙2, 王晓艳1, 3, 陈小菲1, 张辉1, 吴娅丽1, 杨柳青1, 张书琦1, 牛璐1, 冯科冉1, 李伟霞1, 3, * , 唐进法1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院 药学部, 河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室, 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南 郑州 450003
  • 2.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*李伟霞, E-mail: ;
唐进法, E-mail:
Exploring the risk "time interval window" of sequential medication of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on the correlation between biochemical indexes and metabolomics characteristics
Ming-liang ZHANG1, Yu-long CHEN2, Xiao-yan WANG1, 3, Xiao-fei CHEN1, Hui ZHANG1, Ya-li WU1, Liu-qing YANG1, Shu-qi ZHANG1, Lu NIU1, Ke-ran FENG1, Wei-xia LI1, 3, * , Jin-fa TANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application, Evaluation and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Safety Evaluation and Risk Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • 2. Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3. Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1311
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采用检测血清生化指标与血浆代谢组学特征关联探索热毒宁注射液(Reduning, RDN) 与青霉素注射液(penicillin G, PG) 序贯用药风险“时间窗”, 以期降低二者联用引发不良反应发生风险。所有动物实验操作和福利均遵循河南中医药大学第一附属实验动物伦理与动物福利委员会要求(批号: YFYDW2020002)。利用ELISA检测大鼠血清中生化指标的含量变化检测相关过敏指标, 判定出RDN联用PG能引起由补体途径激活后的类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs)。进一步对二者设置不同时间给药间隔(1.5、2、3.5、4、6和8 h PG+RDN) 进行考察, 发现在3.5 h以内序贯给药, 均能引起明显的PARs; 而给药间隔超过4 h后PARs则明显减轻。同时采用LC-MS进行血浆代谢组学分析, 平行比较大鼠的血清生化指标水平与血浆代谢轮廓特征, 筛选出22个差异代谢物在3.5 h前后呈现出与生化指标相似或相反的变化趋势。并富集到花生四烯酸代谢、甾体激素生物合成代谢、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、色氨酸代谢等10条类过敏相关通路。综上所述, RDN和PG序贯使用所导致的药物不良反应确实存在风险“时间窗”现象, 在“时间窗”之后的间隔用药能有效降低不良反应发生风险。

中西药联用  /  药物不良反应  /  时间窗  /  热毒宁注射液  /  青霉素注射液  /  类过敏反应  /  代谢组学  /  花生四烯酸代谢

Exploring the risk "time interval window" of sequential medication of Reduning injection (RDN) and penicillin G injection (PG) by detecting the correlation between serum biochemical indexes and plasma metabonomic characteristics, in order to reduce the risk of adverse reactions caused by the combination of RDN and PG. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). The changes of biochemical indexes in serum of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was determined that RDN combined with PG could cause pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) activated by complement pathway. Further investigation was carried out at different time intervals (1.5, 2, 3.5, 4, 6, and 8 h PG+RDN). It was found that sequential administration within 3.5 h could cause significant PARs. However, PARs were significantly reduced after administration interval of more than 4 h. LC-MS was used for plasma metabolomics analysis, and the levels of serum biochemical indicators and plasma metabolic profile characteristics were compared in parallel. 22 differential metabolites showed similar or opposite trends to biochemical indicators before and after 3.5 h. And enriched to 10 PARs-related pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, there is a risk "time interval window" phenomenon in the adverse drug reactions caused by the sequential use of RDN and PG, and the interval medication after the "time interval window" can significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions.

combination of Chinese and Western medicine  /  adverse drug reaction  /  time interval window  /  Reduning injection  /  penicillin G injection  /  pseudo-allergic reaction  /  metabonomics  /  arachidonic acid metabolism
张明亮, 陈毓龙, 王晓艳, 陈小菲, 张辉, 吴娅丽, 杨柳青, 张书琦, 牛璐, 冯科冉, 李伟霞, 唐进法. 基于生化指标与代谢组学特征关联探索热毒宁注射液与青霉素注射液序贯用药的风险“时间窗”. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (7) : 2098 -2107 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1311
Ming-liang ZHANG, Yu-long CHEN, Xiao-yan WANG, Xiao-fei CHEN, Hui ZHANG, Ya-li WU, Liu-qing YANG, Shu-qi ZHANG, Lu NIU, Ke-ran FENG, Wei-xia LI, Jin-fa TANG. Exploring the risk "time interval window" of sequential medication of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection based on the correlation between biochemical indexes and metabolomics characteristics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (7) : 2098 -2107 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1311
中、西药注射剂的联合使用在国内临床上日渐普遍, 并受到广泛认可。科学的中、西药注射剂联用可提高疗效, 突显出中、西药联合使用的最大优势, 但不合理的中、西药联合用药却增加其不良反应发生的风险[1]。目前中、西药注射剂联用时均以序贯使用, 二者联用时是否考虑到保持一定的时间间隔, 时间间隔是否影响中、西药注射剂的治疗效果以及不良反应, 尚缺少深入研究。通常药物间相互作用诱发的不良反应与药物在体内的血药浓度有着密切的关系。因此, 通过探索发现合适的序贯用药时间间隔(即“时间窗”), 或许可以降低药物联用导致的不良反应风险。
热毒宁注射液(Reduning injection, RDN) 是国家二类中药新药, 主要成分有青蒿、金银花、栀子, 3味药材药效有协同作用具有明显的清热、疏风、解毒、抗菌和抗病毒的功效, 故其对于急性支气管炎、上呼吸道感染以及外感风寒所致的感冒具有较好的疗效[2]。RDN临床使用常与抗菌药物和抗病毒药物等联用, 可提高疗效、缩短病程。以儿科常见性呼吸系统疾病—化脓性扁桃体炎为例, 既往治疗中以见效快的抗生素治疗为主, 但因抗生素反复用药有明显耐药性问题, 降低患儿免疫力、影响正常菌群, 并造成肝肾功能损害。有临床资料指出, RDN联用抗生素治疗小儿化脓性扁桃体炎可快速改善患儿症状体征并提高治疗效果[3, 4]。但近年来, 随着RDN广泛使用, 其通过注射产生的并发症状也随之表现出来, 特别是RDN联合青霉素类注射剂引发的不良反应与其他类药剂相比要更高一些[5]。研究表明, RDN单独使用可引发速发型过敏反应[6, 7], 而RDN联合使用青霉素注射液(penicillin G injection, PG) 输液更容易诱发多种不良反应, 例如呼吸困难、恶心呕吐、腹痛等[8-10]。目前, 中药注射剂的安全性问题主要集中在药品质量和体外联用, 对中药注射剂与其他药物联用产生体内代谢性药物相互作用的研究相对较少。我国上市的中药注射剂药品说明书较少标注代谢性药物相互作用。
为此, 本研究以RDN和PG为中、西药注射剂联用致不良反应的典型药物组合之一, 以二者序贯用药“时间窗”为切入点, 以大鼠为研究载体, 先后比较在不同时间间隔给药后大鼠的血清生化指标与血浆代谢轮廓特征, 定性定量表征二者序贯用药对体内动态变化过程信息。以期降低不良反应发生风险, 为中、西药注射剂的临床合理安全的联合用药提供参考。
药品与试剂  热毒宁注射液(江苏康缘药业股份有限公司, 批号1910277096); 注射用青霉素钠(华北制药股份有限公司, 批号F9042114); 0.9%氯化钠注射液(河南科伦药业有限公司, 批号A20021902B); 乌拉坦(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司, 批号D2114027, 纯度99%)。甲酸色谱纯(北京迪科马科技有限公司, 批号1308751)。甲醇(批号l1092007019) 和乙腈(批号JA100630) 为色谱纯试剂, 均购自德国Merck公司; 组胺(histamine, HIS)、补体成分3 (complement component 3, C3)、补体成分5 (complement component 5, C5)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE)、免疫球蛋白G (immunoglobulin G, IgG)、免疫球蛋白M (immunoglobulin M, IgM) (批号分别为ZC-37667、ZC-36437、ZC-36436、ZC-37001、ZC-37002、ZC-37006) 均购自上海茁彩生物科技有限公司; 白介素4 (interleukin-4, IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、可溶性末端补体复合物(soluble terminal complement complex C5b-9, sC5b-9) (批号分别为LV20296、LV20497、LV20923) 均购自上海爱萌优宁生物技术有限公司。
仪器  Waters AcquityTM UPLC液相系统(美国Waters公司); Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF质谱仪, 配有Lock-spray接口, ESI离子源, MassLynx v4.1质谱工作站(美国Waters公司); 十万分之一电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多集团, 型号XS105); 低温台式高速离心机(上海力申科学仪器有限公司, 型号Neofuge 1600R); 涡旋混匀器(德国IKA®公司, 型号Vortex Genius 3); 全自动酶标仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司, 型号Multiskan FC)。
动物  128只雄性无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF) 级Sprague-Dawley (SD) 大鼠, 体重200~210 g, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 生产许可证号SCXK (京) 2016-0006。保持12 h: 12 h昼夜节律, 自由摄食饮水, 环境温度22~24 ℃, 湿度50% ± 10%。实验动物伦理由河南中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(批号YFYDW2020002)。
药物配制  称取注射用青霉素钠干粉适量, 加0.9%氯化钠注射液制成浓度为40 mg·mL-1的药液备用。考虑到PG水溶液较不稳定, 故使用本品需现用现配。
动物分组与给药  实验当天动物经称重后按体重随机分为16组(n = 8), 分别为: 空白对照组(Control)、单独PG注射给药组(PG)、单独RDN注射给药组(RDN)、PG与RDN直接混合给药组(0 h PG+RDN) 以及先注射PG、再在不同时间间隔后注射RDN的各实验组, 间隔时间分别为1.5、2、3.5、4、6和8 h分别记为1.5 h PG+RDN组、2 h PG+RDN组、3.5 h PG+RDN组、4 h PG+RDN组、6 h PG+RDN组、8 h PG+RDN组。此外还有单独注射PG并在上述不同时间间隔后注射0.9%氯化钠注射液的溶剂对照组, 分别记为: 1.5 h PG组、2 h PG组、3.5 h PG组、4 h PG组、6 h PG组、8 h PG组。RDN和PG的尾静脉注射剂量按临床等效剂量换算, 即分别为1.8 mL·kg-1和100 mg·kg-1, 大鼠RDN和PG的给药体积分别为每只0.36和0.5 mL。Control组和溶剂对照组均分别给予与RDN等量的0.9%氯化钠注射液, 并参照说明书滴速均控制匀速20 s左右完成给药。
过敏程度评判标准  采用由Li等[11]描述的评分系统评估过敏症状。中药、天然药物免疫毒性(过敏性、光变态反应) 研究的技术指导原则评分如下: 0-无症状; 1-抓挠并在鼻子和头部周围摩擦; 2-呼吸频率增加, 毛发炸起, 活动减少; 3-喘息, 呼吸困难, 口腔和尾部紫绀; 4-刺痛, 震颤和抽搐后无活动; 5-死亡。症状评分以盲法进行。
耳重及血清指标检测  不同时间间隔PG+RDN联用组在实验中最后一次给予药物观察30 min后进行样本采集; RDN组、PG组在给药观察30 min后进行样本采集; 不同时间间隔溶剂对照组在实验中最后一次给予0.9%氯化钠注射液观察30 min后进行样本采集。样本采集用0.75 g·kg-1的乌拉坦麻醉大鼠, 沿耳廓基线剪下双耳, 使用9 mm直径的耳孔钳采集双耳组织并称重, 腹主动脉取血处死。普通采血管收集的血液室温静置30 min后, 于4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1低温离心10 min, 取上层血清进行对应指标检测。血清用以检测大鼠体内HIS、C3、C5、IgE、IgG、IgM、IL-4、TNF-α及sC5b-9的变化情况, 判别两药联用引发的药物超敏反应类型。抗凝采血管(含EDTAK2) 收集的血液用于代谢组学样品的制备。
血浆样品制备  经腹主动脉取得的大鼠血液在4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1条件下低温离心10 min, 吸取200 μL上清血浆于1.5 mL离心管中, 加入600 μL甲醇溶剂提取, 涡旋振荡3 min后, 于4 ℃、14 000 r·min-1低温离心10 min沉淀蛋白, 取上清待测。此外, 从各组样品中吸取一定量的血浆于离心管中, 涡旋混匀后以同样方法平行制备质量控制(quality control, QC) 样品。
色谱条件  Acquity UPLC® HSS T3 C18色谱柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm); 流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱: 0~12 min, 5%~65% B; 12~18 min, 65%~78% B; 18~21 min, 78%~100% B; 21~22 min, 100% B; 柱温40 ℃; 体积流量0.3 mL·min-1; 进样体积3 μL。
质谱条件  电喷雾离子源(ESI), 在负离子模式(ESI-) 下进行分析, 设置毛细管电压2.5 kV; 离子源温度140 ℃; 脱溶剂气温度450 ℃; 锥孔电压40 V; 锥孔气流量50 L·h-1; 脱溶剂流量800 L·h-1; 碰撞能量10~45 V; 间隔扫描时间0.2 s; 质量扫描范围m/z 50~1 200。
数据多元变量分析  数据采集处理使用MassLynx (v4.1) 工作站, 以MSE continuum模式进行数据采集。准确质量测定采用亮氨酸-脑啡肽(leucine-enkephalin, ESI-: m/z 554.261 5) 溶液为锁定质量溶液。为监测系统的稳定性, QC样品按照实际样品进行预处理, 样品检测前连进6针QC样品。基于Progenesis QI (v2.4) 软件对采集数据进行色谱峰比对、峰提取、样品分组、标准化等处理, 并获得包含样品名称、RT-m/z和丰度值的标准化数据矩阵。使用Simca-P (v14.1) 软件对矩阵数据进行多元变量分析, 包括非监督的主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 和监督的正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA), 运用投影中的可变重要性(variable importance in the projection, VIP) 来预测各个数据对模型的贡献值, 满足VIP > 1且|P(corr)| > 0.5的化合物被认为是差异代谢物。利用Progenesis QI其HMDB和KEGG数据库进行分子比对鉴定, 并将整合的差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst v5.0在线数据库(www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 进行代谢通路分析。
统计学分析  统计学处理采用GraphPad Prism 9.4.0软件进行数据分析, 所有实验数据均以均值±标准差(mean ± SD) 表示, 组间对比采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 对差异的显著性进行检验, 受试组结果分别与其对照组比较, 当P < 0.05、P < 0.01及P < 0.001时, 差异具有统计显著性。
根据实验观察, 不同组的大鼠在给药后10 min出现明显的行为表现差异; PG+RDN联用组大鼠在给药间隔短期内表现出行为迟缓、四肢蜷缩、抓挠并在鼻子和头部周围摩擦、耳廓红肿、毛发炸起等不良反应症状的表现, 少部分动物还伴随有呼吸急促、喘息的症状。各组评分见图 1A, 结果表明RDN组大鼠与Control组相比, 少部分偶有较轻的不良反应出现。3.5 h之内的PG+RDN联用组大鼠出现较为严重的不良反应症状, 而4 h之后PG+RDN联用组不良反应症状随之减轻。PG组及不同时间间隔的溶剂对照组在给药后基本无异常行为表现。此外, 观察大鼠耳廓红肿程度也能看出3.5 h之内的PG+RDN组的耳廓红肿, 毛细血管扩张较重; 4 h之后PG+RDN联用组与其余组别未见其明显的红肿特征。
观察大鼠耳廓红肿程度也能发现在3.5 h之内的PG+RDN组大鼠耳廓较红肿, 毛细血管扩张较重; 4 h之后PG+RDN联用组与其余组别未见其明显的红肿特征。根据称量大鼠的双耳重量, 见图 1B, 分别与Control组及溶剂对照组相比, 3.5 h之内PG+RDN联用组大鼠耳片重量显著增大, 而4 h之后PG+RDN联用组大鼠的耳片重量随之减轻。PG组及溶剂对照组大鼠的双耳廓重量与Control组均无显著差异。
通过检测大鼠血清生化指标, 与Control组比较, 0 h PG+RDN组大鼠血清内HIS、C3、C5、IL-4、TNF-α以及sC5b-9水平显著升高, 而特异性免疫指标IgE、IgG以及IgM抗体水平均无明显变化; RDN组的IL-4与sC5b-9水平显著升高; PG组所有指标接近Control组的水平, 无明显变化, 见图 2。结果提示, RDN联用PG可引发类过敏反应(pseudo-allergic reactions, PARs), 属于非特异性的免疫反应[12, 13]
判定RDN和PG直接联用可导致大鼠引发PARs后, 通过设置给药间隔来考察其致敏的“时间窗”。如图 3A~C所示, 与单独应用PG的1.5、2、3.5 h溶剂对照组相比, 在对应时间点联用RDN能伴随大鼠血清内HIS、C3及C5水平上升, 均高于RDN组。而在3.5 h之后的4、6、8 h这3个时间点对大鼠注射RDN联用, 与单独应用PG的4、6、8 h溶剂对照组相比, 其对应的血清过敏指标水平则显著回调, 接近于RDN组的水平。此外, 通过检测不同组大鼠血清中IgE、IgG及IgM的含量, 发现各组均无显著变化(图 3D~F)。
检测时利用QC样本来考察UPLC-QTOF/MS系统的稳定性和操作上的可重复性, 从PCA得分图可看出QC样本密集分布, 表明仪器稳定, 重复性良好, 数据可靠, 见图 4
为确定不同组高维质谱数据之间的代谢特征差异, 利用PCA和OPLS-DA分析分别评估多组和两组的代谢组数据集。如图 5A所示, 不同给药组大鼠血浆代谢物的PCA分析结果显示, 1.5、2、3.5 h PG+RDN联用组与4、6、8 h时间点的PG+RDN联用组的代谢物群能够被明显区分; 与Control组相比, RDN组与PG组距离较近, 0 h PG+RDN组距离最远; 1.5、2、3.5 h时间间隔的PG+RDN联用组距离Control组及RDN组较远; 而4、6、8 h时间点的PG+RDN联用组样本点渐近于Control组、RDN组及PG组。根据PCA的主成分分布图, 见图 5B, 基于主成分t[2]的不同时间间隔给药组以3.5 h时间点为界能被明显区分。3.5 h之前的RDN+PG联用组与其余各组分别位于Y轴上下两侧, 综上表明3.5 h前后不同时间间隔给药组的代谢过程有所不同。
根据PCA分析结果, 采用有监督的OPLS-DA分析, 将Control组、PG组、RDN组、溶剂对照组以及4、6、8 h联用的PG+RDN组定义为安全组; 将0、1.5、2、3.5 h联用的PG+RDN组定义为风险组, 见图 6A。两组在负离子模式下评价OPLS-DA的参数R2X = 0.754, R2Y = 0.983, Q2 = 0.980。上述参数表明OPLS-DA模型具有良好的质量和准确性。为检验当前OPLS-DA模型是否过拟合, 采用置换检验进行200次的交叉验证。如图 6B所示, R2Y轴上的截距为0.086, Q2Y轴上的截距为-0.235, 左侧几乎所有Q2低于右侧原始点或回归线与纵轴相交数值小于0, 提示模型可靠。
根据OPLS-DA分析结果, 将VIP > 1且|P(corr)| > 0.5作为筛选差异代谢物条件。利用Progenesis QI软件其HMDB与KEGG数据库对目标差异代谢物进行一级母离子与二级特征碎片离子比对分析, 最终鉴定到22个差异代谢物, 见表 1。其相对响应强度的热图, 见图 7。与安全组比较, 在风险组大鼠血浆中除半乳糖神经酰胺(galactosylceramide) 的含量显著降低之外, 其余21个差异代谢物的含量均显著升高。大鼠体内代谢物在不同时间间隔给药组间发生的变化与大鼠过敏表征及生化指标变化趋势相似, 以分别呈正相关或负相关。
将22个差异代谢物导入MetaboAnalyst v5.0在线数据库进行代谢通路富集分析, 结果得到10条相关通路。如图 8所示, 主要分别为花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid, AA) 代谢、甾体激素生物合成、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、色氨酸代谢、初级胆汁酸生物合成、α-亚麻酸代谢、鞘脂代谢等通路。表 2列出匹配状态、P值、-lgP以及各通路的影响作用。其中磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine)、AA、前列腺素H2 (prostaglandin H2)、前列腺素E2 (prostaglandin E2)、白三烯A4 (leukotriene A4)、白三烯B4 (leukotriene B4)、白三烯C4 (leukotriene C4)、5(S)-HPETE、前列腺素G2 (prostaglandin G2)、血栓素B2 (thromboxane B2) 以及白三烯F4 (leukotriene F4) 属于AA代谢通路; 雄甾酮(androsterone)、皮质醇(cortisol)、可的松(cortisone)、19-氧雄烯二酮(19-oxoandrostenedione) 以及11-脱氢皮质酮(11-dehydrocorticosterone) 属于甾体激素生物合成代谢通路; L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan) 和色胺(tryptamine) 属于色氨酸代谢通路; 牛磺脱氧胆酸盐(taurochenodeoxycholate) 和甘氨鹅去氧胆酸盐(glycochenodeoxycholate) 属于初级胆汁酸生物合成代谢通路; 磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine) 属于甘油磷脂代谢通路; 半乳糖神经酰胺(galactosylceramide) 属于鞘脂代谢通路。
《中药注射剂临床使用基本原则》明确规定中药注射剂尽量单独使用, 如需同时使用两种或两种以上注射液时, 严禁混合用药, 谨慎联合用药, 不合理的中、西药注射剂联合用药是增加其不良反应风险的重要因素之一[14-16]。为此, 本课题组通过文献调研以及统计分析本单位中、西药注射剂不良反应监测数据, 最终选择临床上常用且容易引发不良反应的RDN与PG经典组合为例。查阅RDN说明书中的注意事项后, 发现尝试设立不同的给药间隔, 可能是降低中、西药注射剂联用引发不良反应风险的途径之一。
本研究在临床等效剂量情况下, 通过制定合理的时间间隔, 发现单独注射RDN仅对个别大鼠引发较轻的不良反应, 例如挠鼻抓身等, 但总体症状不明显。单独注射PG未见其不良反应发生, 但当RDN与PG给药间隔在3.5 h以内, 能观察到大鼠表现出程度不一的行为迟缓、四肢蜷缩、抓挠并在鼻子和头部周围摩擦、耳廓红肿、毛发炸起等不良反应症状; 少部分动物还伴随有呼吸急促、喘息的症状, 与文献[6, 17-19]报道的急性过敏反应类似。二者给药间隔若超过4 h, 不良反应则表现不明显, 且程度整体随时间间隔的展开而减轻。
由于本实验大鼠发生致敏时间均在30 min之内, 属于速发型超敏反应, 其包括特异性IgE介导的Ⅰ型过敏反应和补体系统激活引起的PARs。这两种过敏反应症状相似, 但激发机制不同[20]。前者是由特异性抗体IgE介导的免疫反应, 是已免疫的机体在再次接触到相同物质时所发生的反应。而PARs是非免疫机制介导的不良反应, 不需要潜伏期, 也无需致敏过程, 首次接触机体时IgE浓度无变化[13]。此外, 通过结合对临床中RDN与PG联用输液所致的不良反应病例分析, 发现所选病例都经临床诊断确诊, PG皮试提示为阴性, 均以排除对RDN过敏的病例[8, 10], 提示RDN与PG联用表现出PARs的特性。研究表明, 补体系统激活引起的肥大细胞脱颗粒是PARs发生的重要机制之一[21, 22]。补体激活后能导致C3、C5分别被C3转化酶及C5转化酶裂解成过敏毒素C3a、C5a, 并与肥大细胞表面受体结合, 促使肥大细胞脱颗粒释放HIS、TNF-α、IL-4等炎性介质, 最终环节都会生成无活性复合物(sC5b-9), 测定血清中其相应含量也能直接反映出补体系统激活情况[12, 23, 24]。本研究结果证明二者联用能使大鼠血清中HIS、C3、C5、IL-4、TNF-α及sC5b-9水平显著升高。综上证明RDN联用PG能激活补体系统诱发PARs。
为量化过敏反应的程度, 明确RDN联用PG的“时间窗”, 通过检测不同时间间隔下大鼠的血清生化指标, 发现3.5 h内联用给药血清中的HIS、C3、C5水平均有升高, 而4 h后联用体内相同指标并未发生显著变化, 从而证明0~3.5 h可能为RDN与PG联用的风险“时间窗”。此外, 对大鼠血浆中内源性差异代谢物筛选, 同时发现大鼠体内一些属于AA代谢途径的内源物(AA、PGH2、PGE2、LTA4、PGG2及TXB2等) 也在0~3.5 h呈现与生化指标类似的变化趋势, 进一步佐证RDN联用PG合适的序贯用药“时间窗”。研究表明, AA及其下游代谢物能参与调节人体免疫反应, 如平滑肌收缩、诱发炎症反应、促进局部血管扩张、增加血管通透性等; 前列腺素类和白三烯类物质为肥大细胞脱颗粒释放的炎性介质, 对诱发PARs起重要作用[25, 26]
经查阅PG使用说明书, 得知PG血消除半衰期(t1/2β) 约为30 min, 肾功能正常情况下, 约75%的给药量于6 h内自肾脏排出。由于PARs具有量效关系, 给药剂量过高能增加不良反应发生。结合本实验动物给药剂量以及“时间窗”范围, 单独注射PG与RDN均无明显的PARs, 但RDN与PG在3.5 h前联用均可引发不同程度的PARs。由此推断, RDN与PG序贯用药致敏程度与PG的体内代谢周期紧密相关。
本研究基于生化指标与代谢组学特征关联策略, 发现0~3.5 h的时间间隔为RDN与PG序贯用药的“时间窗”, 通过设立合适的给药时间间隔, 可有效地降低二者联用诱发的药物不良反应, 说明通过“时间窗”指导中、西药合理用药, 从而降低不良反应风险, 是具有较好的可行性和应用前景。然而, 由于本研究是以无致病大鼠作为实验模型, 探索RDN与PG间药物相互作用的“时间窗”, 其结果仅能为指导临床用药提供一定的数据支持, 并不能作为指导临床用药的直接依据, 有待更深入的基础实验与临床研究加以验证。
作者贡献: 张明亮负责动物实验、样品检测、数据处理及文章初稿撰写; 陈毓龙、王晓艳、陈小菲负责技术指导与文献查询; 张辉、吴娅丽、杨柳青负责样品制备和动物实验; 张书琦、牛璐、冯科冉负责动物实验及文章修改; 李伟霞和唐进法是文章的负责人, 指导实验设计、论文写作与修改。
利益冲突: 本文中所有作者声明无任何利益冲突。
  • 河南省科技攻关课题(202102310185)
  • 河南省高校科技创新团队(23IRTSTHN026)
  • 河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目(豫中医科教[2018]35号)
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2024年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1311
  • 接收时间:2023-11-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20
  • 修回日期:2024-05-12
基金
河南省科技攻关课题(202102310185)
河南省高校科技创新团队(23IRTSTHN026)
河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目(豫中医科教[2018]35号)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院 药学部, 河南省中药临床应用、评价与转化工程研究中心, 河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室, 河南省中药安全评价与风险防控工程研究中心, 河南 郑州 450003
    2.河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
    3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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