Article(id=1200394151868101499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1706803200000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-02, revisedDate=1713888000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764125868049, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1720713600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764125868049, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764125868049, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764125868049, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200394147019477416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1897', pageEnd='2182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764125866894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225115484, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2135, endPage=2142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200394152472081283, articleId=1200394151868101499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Evaluation of the activity of sturgeon cartilage peptides and preparation of ointments, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sturgeon cartilage has a wide range of applications as it is rich in biologically active substances such as chondroitin sulphate and protein. In this study, the safety evaluation of sturgeon cartilage peptide in NIH/3T3 and C2C12 cells was conducted, and the results showed that sturgeon cartilage peptide did not induce apoptosis and necrosis in NIH/3T3 and C2C12 cells compared to the blank control, which provides an in vitro experimental basis for the transdermal drug delivery of sturgeon cartilage peptide. Further evaluation of the scavenging activity of sturgeon cartilage peptides against the 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals showed that sturgeon cartilage peptides have strong antioxidant activity. A stable sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment containing 7% sturgeon cartilage peptide was prepared and analysed for its transdermal absorption in mouse skin. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: 00007684). It was found that the 12-hour cumulative release of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment reached 92%. In this study, we further analyzed the ability of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment to inhibit ear swelling in mice after xylene-induced inflammation. The sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the matrix group and the control group. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that sturgeon cartilage peptide has good safety and antioxidant activity, and the prepared sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment provides an experimental basis for further application of sturgeon cartilage peptide as well as the study of transdermal drug delivery.

, correspAuthors=Wen-sheng ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Peng LEI, Kai-chao SONG, Zheng-wen XIE, Yi-fan QI, Yu-jia ZHANG, Wen-sheng ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200394157220032594, articleId=1200394151868101499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=鲟鱼软骨肽活性评价及软膏剂制备, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鲟鱼软骨因为富含硫酸软骨素和蛋白质等生物活性物质而具有广阔的应用前景。本研究进行了鲟鱼软骨肽在NIH/3T3和C2C12细胞中的安全性评价, 研究结果表明, 相比空白对照, 鲟鱼软骨肽不会引起NIH/3T3、C2C12细胞的凋亡和坏死, 为鲟鱼软骨肽的经皮给药递送提供体外实验依据。进一步评价鲟鱼软骨肽对2′-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)、二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除活性, 发现鲟鱼软骨肽具有较好的抗氧化活性。本研究制备得到了一种稳定性好、皮肤刺激性小、鲟鱼软骨肽含量为7%的鲟鱼软骨肽软膏, 并分析了其在小鼠皮肤上的透皮吸收能力(本实验获得中国医学科学院药物研究所动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: 00007684)。结果发现, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏12 h累积释放量达到92%。本研究进一步分析了鲟鱼软骨肽软膏抑制二甲苯致炎后小鼠耳肿胀的能力, 相比于基质组和对照组, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏具有显著抗炎活性。综上, 本研究发现鲟鱼软骨肽具有良好的安全性和抗氧化活性, 制备的鲟鱼软骨肽软膏为鲟鱼软骨肽的进一步应用及经皮给药递送研究提供实验依据。

, correspAuthors=郑稳生, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郑稳生, Tel: 86-10-63165233, E-mail:
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A: ABTS; B: DPPH. ABTS: 2, 2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); DPPH: 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl , figureFileSmall=NClsPyO67jx4RAgrvQR/LQ==, figureFileBig=OLeqhGyuW2Cs7Mi4FXYAQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470901805404575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1Djej9W5uan7uj1hfpKKxQ==, figureFileBig=CJedzZCps9wOPALOQRjpTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470901914456482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment and its skin irritation assessment. A: Ointment matrix and sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment prepared. The left side is ointment matrix and the right side is sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment; B: Observations on the skin appearance of mice with sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment and saline applied to the skin on the first day and third day respectively; C: Microscopic observations on the irritation of mouse skin after transdermal administration of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment , figureFileSmall=1Djej9W5uan7uj1hfpKKxQ==, figureFileBig=CJedzZCps9wOPALOQRjpTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470902073840044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=K2qX8+LExK5vfuC6hDQGlg==, figureFileBig=fP2wKV5g7Z6/jbYRd4CfRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470902216446387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= <i>In vitro</i> release profile of transdermal absorption capacity of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment determined by Franz diffusion cell method , figureFileSmall=K2qX8+LExK5vfuC6hDQGlg==, figureFileBig=fP2wKV5g7Z6/jbYRd4CfRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470902329692602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vblK0Dfcs/7kWyEdFVCqaQ==, figureFileBig=jCwa7W3hiVX3PYy5FLNMLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470902459716037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Ear swelling in the blank control group, ointment matrix group and sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment group after xylene inflammation. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M1">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> matrix group; <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=vblK0Dfcs/7kWyEdFVCqaQ==, figureFileBig=jCwa7W3hiVX3PYy5FLNMLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200470902593933770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ModelEquationR2
Zero-order release modely = 8.09t + 19.470.81
First-order release modely = 79.28(1 - e-0.49t)0.99
Higuchi modely = 30.45(t1/2) - 1.280.95
), ArticleFig(id=1200470902698791373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394151868101499, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Equation fitting of different release models for sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ModelEquationR2
Zero-order release modely = 8.09t + 19.470.81
First-order release modely = 79.28(1 - e-0.49t)0.99
Higuchi modely = 30.45(t1/2) - 1.280.95
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鲟鱼软骨肽活性评价及软膏剂制备
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雷鹏 1 , 宋开超 2 , 谢郑雯 3 , 戚艺凡 3 , 张宇佳 1 , 郑稳生 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(7): 2135-2142
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(7): 2135-2142
鲟鱼软骨肽活性评价及软膏剂制备
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雷鹏1, 宋开超2, 谢郑雯3, 戚艺凡3, 张宇佳1, 郑稳生1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050
  • 2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 北京 100050
  • 3.北华大学药学院, 吉林 吉林 132013

通讯作者:

*郑稳生, Tel: 86-10-63165233, E-mail:
Evaluation of the activity of sturgeon cartilage peptides and preparation of ointments
Peng LEI1, Kai-chao SONG2, Zheng-wen XIE3, Yi-fan QI3, Yu-jia ZHANG1, Wen-sheng ZHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 3. School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
出版时间: 2024-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0110
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鲟鱼软骨因为富含硫酸软骨素和蛋白质等生物活性物质而具有广阔的应用前景。本研究进行了鲟鱼软骨肽在NIH/3T3和C2C12细胞中的安全性评价, 研究结果表明, 相比空白对照, 鲟鱼软骨肽不会引起NIH/3T3、C2C12细胞的凋亡和坏死, 为鲟鱼软骨肽的经皮给药递送提供体外实验依据。进一步评价鲟鱼软骨肽对2′-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)、二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除活性, 发现鲟鱼软骨肽具有较好的抗氧化活性。本研究制备得到了一种稳定性好、皮肤刺激性小、鲟鱼软骨肽含量为7%的鲟鱼软骨肽软膏, 并分析了其在小鼠皮肤上的透皮吸收能力(本实验获得中国医学科学院药物研究所动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: 00007684)。结果发现, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏12 h累积释放量达到92%。本研究进一步分析了鲟鱼软骨肽软膏抑制二甲苯致炎后小鼠耳肿胀的能力, 相比于基质组和对照组, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏具有显著抗炎活性。综上, 本研究发现鲟鱼软骨肽具有良好的安全性和抗氧化活性, 制备的鲟鱼软骨肽软膏为鲟鱼软骨肽的进一步应用及经皮给药递送研究提供实验依据。

鲟鱼软骨肽  /  抗氧化  /  抗炎  /  软膏剂  /  经皮给药

Sturgeon cartilage has a wide range of applications as it is rich in biologically active substances such as chondroitin sulphate and protein. In this study, the safety evaluation of sturgeon cartilage peptide in NIH/3T3 and C2C12 cells was conducted, and the results showed that sturgeon cartilage peptide did not induce apoptosis and necrosis in NIH/3T3 and C2C12 cells compared to the blank control, which provides an in vitro experimental basis for the transdermal drug delivery of sturgeon cartilage peptide. Further evaluation of the scavenging activity of sturgeon cartilage peptides against the 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals showed that sturgeon cartilage peptides have strong antioxidant activity. A stable sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment containing 7% sturgeon cartilage peptide was prepared and analysed for its transdermal absorption in mouse skin. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: 00007684). It was found that the 12-hour cumulative release of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment reached 92%. In this study, we further analyzed the ability of sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment to inhibit ear swelling in mice after xylene-induced inflammation. The sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the matrix group and the control group. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that sturgeon cartilage peptide has good safety and antioxidant activity, and the prepared sturgeon cartilage peptide ointment provides an experimental basis for further application of sturgeon cartilage peptide as well as the study of transdermal drug delivery.

sturgeon cartilage peptide  /  antioxidant  /  anti-inflammatory  /  ointment  /  transdermal drug delivery
雷鹏, 宋开超, 谢郑雯, 戚艺凡, 张宇佳, 郑稳生. 鲟鱼软骨肽活性评价及软膏剂制备. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (7) : 2135 -2142 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0110
Peng LEI, Kai-chao SONG, Zheng-wen XIE, Yi-fan QI, Yu-jia ZHANG, Wen-sheng ZHENG. Evaluation of the activity of sturgeon cartilage peptides and preparation of ointments[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (7) : 2135 -2142 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0110
生物活性肽(bioactive peptides) 是指一类对机体生命活动具有生理调节作用的肽, 也被称为功能肽, 是蛋白质中天然氨基酸以不同组成和排列方式构成的从二肽到复杂的线性、环状结构的不同肽类的总称[1]。目前发现生物活性肽具有促进细胞增殖和分化、抗菌、抗炎、调节免疫系统等多种生物活性。因为生物活性肽同时还具有活性高、毒副作用小、易于吸收等优点, 使得其被广泛应用于疾病治疗、营养补充剂等方面。已有研究表明, 从动物软骨中获得的多肽具有多种生物活性, 包括免疫、抗氧化、抗高尿酸血症和抗骨质疏松症等[2, 3]。目前已有大量研究报道对鱼类生物进行酶解能得到活性优异的功能肽, You等[4]发现用木瓜蛋白酶酶解泥鳅后的蛋白水解液具有抗氧化能力, Ghassem等[5, 6]发现对鲤鱼进行酶解能制备得到降压肽。
鲟鱼是世界上现存鱼类中体型较大、寿命较长、较为古老的鱼类之一, 具有极高的经济价值。《本草拾遗》[7]中记载: “鲟鱼, 肉味甘, 平, 无毒。主治补虚益气, 令人肥健。煮汁饮, 治血淋。鼻肉主治补虚下气。子主治食之肥美, 杀腹内小虫。”, 这表明鲟鱼具有极高的营养价值和重要的药用价值[8]。研究发现, 鲟鱼表皮黏液抗菌肽具有抑菌活性, 从鲟鱼表皮黏液中鉴定出的两种抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌及希瓦氏菌均具有显著抑菌作用[9]。从杂交鲟鱼龙筋中分离、鉴定的活性肽“VDSVLDWRK”在鉴定抗癌肽中表现出最高的抗肿瘤活性(IC50 = 2.5 μmol·L-1)[10]。此外, 鲟鱼鳔胶原蛋白肽被发现具有延缓衰老的作用[11], 鲟鱼鱼肠蛋白中提取分离的多肽还被发现具有抗氧化活性[12]
鲟鱼作为现存起源较早的硬鳞软骨脊椎动物之一, 除头盖骨外, 其余骨骼部位均为软骨, 约占鱼体的10%[13, 14]。鲟鱼软骨由于富含蛋白质和硫酸软骨素等潜在生物活性物质, 而具有广阔的运用前景。目前, 已有广泛研究报道鲟鱼软骨肽具有较好的抗炎活性, 发现鲟鱼软骨肽可能通过MAPK信号通路调控细胞因子及炎症介质的释放从而抑制炎症, 其能上调IL-10的分泌, 明显降低IL-6、TGF-β的水平[13, 15, 16]
软膏剂系指药物与适宜基质均匀混合制成的具有一定稠度的半固体外用制剂, 软膏剂主要有保护创面、润滑皮肤和局部治疗作用, 部分药物透皮吸收后, 能产生全身治疗作用[17]。由于软膏剂具有不经过肝脏“首过效应”和胃肠道破坏的独特优点, 使得其应用越来越广泛[17]。软膏剂是常用的药物制剂之一, 具有附着性良好、使用方便、安全可靠的特点[18]
本研究探究了鲟鱼软骨肽对NIH/3T3、C2C12细胞的安全性, 确定其在透皮吸收过程中不会造成细胞凋亡与坏死, 具有用于透皮给药递送的潜力。同时, 本研究探究了鲟鱼软骨肽对2′-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)、二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH) 自由基的清除活性, 以评价其抗氧化活性。制备了7%鲟鱼软骨肽软膏用以经皮给药递送研究, 评估了鲟鱼软骨肽软膏的透皮吸收能力, 评价了鲟鱼软骨肽软膏的皮肤刺激性及抗炎活性, 为鲟鱼软骨肽的进一步应用提供实验依据。
药物与试剂    鲟鱼软骨肽[由鲟力泰悦(厦门) 生物科技有限公司提供, 生产日期: 2022-09-28, 其中93.37%多肽分子质量小于580, 6.01%多肽分子质量介于580~1 199之间, 0.62%多肽分子质量介于1 200~2 300之间]; DMEM培养基(MA0212-2-Oct-10I)、胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化液(MA0233-Oct-11I)、PBS (MA0015-Sep-06I) (美仑生物技术有限公司); Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit凋亡试剂盒(A11015, 联科生物公司); Calcein/PI细胞活性与细胞毒性检测试剂盒(121522230406, 碧云天生物技术公司); DPPH (D8692E89,上海吉至生化科技有限公司); 总抗氧化能力测定试剂盒(M10010671, 上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司)。
仪器    倒置荧光显微镜(TH4-200, OLYMPUS, Japan); 多功能酶标仪(Synergy H1, Biotek, USA); 智能透皮实验仪(TP-6, 天津鑫洲科技有限公司)。
细胞系    小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞NIH/3T3、小鼠成肌细胞C2C12为本实验室传代保存。NIH/3T3和C2C12均培养于DMEM培养基(含有10% FBS及1%青霉素-链霉素混合液) 中, 并在37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中进行培养。当细胞密度达到70%~80%后传代, 细胞约每隔2~3天传代, 用于后续实验。
实验动物    无特定病原体级、6~8周龄雄性昆明小鼠(18~22 g), 由北京维通利华实验动物有限公司提供。动物饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所GLP动物实验中心。室温22~24 ℃, 相对湿度40%~60%, 昼/夜时间为12 h。本实验所有动物及相关处置符合动物福利的要求, 实验开展前经过中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会(IACUC) 的审查批准(批准号: 00007684)。
细胞凋亡检测    调整细胞密度至大约每毫升1×106个, 按每孔1 mL的密度接种于6孔板中, 设置空白对照组、药物组(鲟鱼软骨肽质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1), 每组设置3个复孔。待细胞密度达到70%~80%时, 去除培养基, PBS清洗2次, 每孔加入500 μL binding buffer、5 μL Annexin V-FITC和10 μL PI。室温避光孵育15min, 于倒置荧光显微镜下进行观察。
细胞活死检测    调整细胞密度到大约每毫升1×106个, 按每孔1 mL的密度接种于6孔板中, 设置空白对照组、药物组(鲟鱼软骨肽质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1)。吸除培养液, 用PBS清洗两次, 每孔加入1 mL Calcein AM/PI检测工作液。37 ℃避光孵育30 min。孵育结束后, 在倒置荧光显微镜下观察染色效果。
细胞毒性检测    当细胞处于对数生长期时, 胰酶消化离心后重悬, 调整细胞密度到大约每孔5×103个, 接种于96孔板中, 在37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱内孵育24 h后加入不同质量浓度的鲟鱼软骨肽(0.016、0.031、0.063、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2 mg·mL-1) 于96孔板中。24 h后去除培养基, 每孔加入含有CCK-8试剂的PBS溶液, 培养箱中孵育1 h后于酶标仪下检测每组在450 nm处的OD值。
ABTS自由基清除活性    鲟鱼软骨肽溶于PBS中, 质量浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mg·mL-1, 每个质量浓度设置3个复孔, 以试剂盒中提取液作为阴性对照, 按照说明书要求配置和加入工作液。酶标仪预热30 min, 调节波长至734 nm, 于1 h后进行检测。依据公式(1) 计算ABTS自由基清除率(%):
$ \text{ABTS自由基清除率} (\%) = (A_{0} - A_{1})/A_{0} × 100\% $
其中, A0为阴性对照组测定后的OD值, A1为鲟鱼软骨肽溶液测定后的OD值。
DPPH自由基清除活性    鲟鱼软骨肽溶于PBS中, 质量浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mg·mL-1, 每个质量浓度设置3个复孔, 以PBS作为阴性对照。参照文献[19]报道, 调整DPPH溶液浓度为0.3 mmol·L-1, 分为阴性对照组(100 μL PBS + 100 μL DPPH溶液)、药物组(100 μL样品+ 100 μL DPPH溶液), 每组设置3个复孔, 依次加入96孔板中, 室温下于暗处静置1 h后在517 nm波长处测定吸光度。依据公式(2) 计算DPPH自由基清除率(%):
$ \text{DPPH自由基清除率} (\%) = (A_{0} - A_{1})/A_{0} × 100\%$
其中, A0为阴性对照组测定后的OD值, A1为鲟鱼软骨肽溶液测定后的OD值。
鲟鱼软骨肽软膏处方和制备工艺    处方组成(按质量分数计): 十八醇7%、硬脂酸2%、单甘酯3%、凡士林3%、液体石蜡5%、维生素E 1%、硅油2%、羟苯乙酯0.1%、蜂蜡0.5%、十二烷基硫酸钠1%、甘油5%、丙二醇15%、PEG-100 1%、PEG-1000 2%、乙基甘油1.5%、三乙醇胺0.2%、鲟鱼肽粉7%、H2O加至100 g。制备工艺: 水相(十二烷基硫酸钠、甘油、丙二醇、PEG-100、维生素E、乙基甘油、PEG-1000、三乙醇胺、适量水)、油相(十八醇、硬脂酸、单甘酯、凡士林、液体石蜡、蜂蜡、硅油、羟苯乙酯) 按照处方量称取, 分别加热至80~85 ℃, 待辅料全部熔化、搅拌均匀。将油相缓慢倒入水相中, 搅拌至稍冷, 得到软膏基质, 用小部分水溶解鲟鱼软骨肽粉, 加入至基质中, 继续搅拌均匀慢慢冷却至室温, 得到7%鲟鱼软骨肽软膏。
完整皮肤刺激性实验    取小鼠5只, 给药前24 h对其背部脊柱两侧脱毛。采用小鼠皮肤自体对照方式进行给药观察, 小鼠左侧试验区皮肤均匀涂抹7%鲟鱼软骨肽软膏, 右侧试验区涂抹生理盐水作为对照。无刺激性胶布固定24 h后, 用生理盐水棉球拭去残留药物, 于去除药物后24、72 h观察局部有无红斑和水肿等情况及其恢复状况。另取小鼠9只, 左侧试验区皮肤均匀涂抹7%鲟鱼软骨肽软膏, 右侧试验区涂抹生理盐水作为对照, 于去除药物后24、48、72 h分别对小鼠进行安乐死, 用手术剪去小鼠背部脱毛皮肤, 4%多聚甲醛固定后, 石蜡包埋组织切片并进行HE染色, 显微镜下观察皮肤病理变化。
小鼠离体皮肤体外经皮渗透实验    采用FRANZ扩散池法考察鲟鱼软骨肽软膏在小鼠皮肤的透皮吸收能力[20], 具体为: 将小鼠经麻醉后脱去背部毛发, 并使用脱毛膏小心脱去全部毛发, 随后将小鼠进行安乐死, 并手术剪取小鼠背部脱毛皮肤。将上述皮肤夹于FRANZ扩散池的供体室和受体室之间, 保证过程中不对皮肤造成损伤并保证完全覆盖连通口径。随后将鲟鱼软骨肽软膏0.6 g均匀涂抹于小鼠皮肤上, 受体室中加入5 mL PBS缓冲液, 于37 ℃水浴以350 r·min-1的转速搅拌受体室液体。分别于0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、8、12 h取样0.5 mL, 同时补充等温的PBS缓冲液0.5 mL。将取得的样品溶液经0.45 μm微孔滤膜滤过, 用BCA法定量受体室中取得的样品含量, 并以不同浓度的鲟鱼软骨肽为蛋白标准建立标准曲线。
抗炎活性评价    取30只小鼠, 随机分为3组, 即对照组、基质组、药物组。所有小鼠左耳不做处理, 药物组小鼠右耳正反两面涂抹鲟鱼软骨肽软膏, 基质组小鼠右耳正反两面涂抹软膏基质, 对照组小鼠右耳正反两面涂抹生理盐水。3 h后, 擦去小鼠耳朵上的药物, 两组小鼠于右耳前后两面均匀涂抹二甲苯20 μL, 记录时间, 另侧作对照。致炎30 min后, 小鼠颈椎脱臼处死, 沿耳廓基线剪下两耳, 用6 mm打孔器分别在两耳同一部位打下耳片, 称重、记录。依据公式(3) 计算肿胀程度:
$\begin{aligned}\text { 肿胀程度 }= & (\text { 右耳片重量 }- \text { 左耳片重量 }) / \\& \text { 左耳片重量 } \times 100 \%\end{aligned}$
统计学分析    使用GraphPad Prism 9进行单因素方差分析(one way ANOVA) 以确定组间差异显著性, 并且在P < 0.05时被认为具有统计学意义。
NIH/3T3细胞是构成皮肤真皮的主要细胞, 与皮肤皱纹生成与否具有密切关系, 其增殖能力下降, 导致细胞外基质蛋白的胶原蛋白水平降低[21]。C2C12是小鼠成肌细胞, 本研究探究了鲟鱼软骨肽在NIH/3T3和C2C12细胞的安全性, 为进一步经皮给药递送提供前提条件。
使用Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒检测细胞凋亡情况, 在流式图中, Q1是细胞碎片或机械损伤细胞、Q2是晚期凋亡细胞或死细胞、Q3是早期凋亡细胞、Q4是活细胞[22]。如图 1所示, 与对照组相比, 鲟鱼软骨肽组的NIH/3T3细胞的早期凋亡和晚期凋亡百分比无明显增加。说明鲟鱼软骨肽不会明显增加NIH/3T3细胞凋亡, 不存在安全性问题。
Calcein AM/PI细胞活性与细胞毒性检测是一种通过Calcein-AM (钙黄绿素) 和PI (碘化丙啶) 双荧光染色法检测细胞死活的方法。其中, Calcein AM染色活细胞, 呈现绿色荧光, PI染色死细胞, 呈现红色荧光。如图 2所示, 相较于对照组, 鲟鱼软骨肽不会引起C2C12、NIH/3T3细胞的死亡。细胞凋亡检测和细胞活死检测实验结果共同证明了鲟鱼软骨肽不会引起C2C12、NIH/3T3细胞的安全性问题, 能够用于经皮给药的安全递送。
CCK-8法是用于测定细胞增殖或毒性实验中活细胞数目的一种高灵敏度、无放射性的比色检测法, 其被细胞内脱氢酶氧化还原后生成橙黄色的甲臜染料, 在450 nm处有最大吸收[23]。如图 3所示, 可以看出鲟鱼软骨肽对NIH/3T3细胞没有细胞毒性作用, 在NIH/3T3细胞中具有较好的安全性。
图 4A所示, ABTS自由基清除实验的测定结果表明, 0.25~2 mg·mL-1质量浓度的鲟鱼软骨肽具有显著ABTS自由基清除活性, 并且鲟鱼软骨肽的抗氧化活性与其质量浓度呈剂量依赖性。已有研究人员报道从鲟鱼鱼肠[24]、鲟鱼皮[25]等部位提取出的多肽具有抗氧化活性, 本研究证明了鲟鱼软骨肽中存在抗氧化活性成分。
图 4B所示, DPPH自由基清除实验的测定结果表明, 0.5~2 mg·mL-1质量浓度的鲟鱼软骨肽具有显著DPPH自由基清除活性, 同时鲟鱼软骨肽的抗氧化活性与其质量浓度呈剂量依赖性。本研究进一步证明了鲟鱼软骨肽中存在抗氧化活性成分, 同时发现鲟鱼软骨肽对DPPH自由基的清除活性弱于对ABTS自由基清除活性。
图 5A所示, 制备得到的鲟鱼软骨肽软膏外观呈淡黄色、色泽均匀一致、无刺激性气味, 具有适当的黏稠性易涂布于皮肤上, 在皮肤上涂布细腻、无粗糙感、无污物。分别在(-8 ± 2) ℃、(40 ± 1) ℃保持24 h, 恢复室温后与实验前无明显性状差异, 证明其具有耐热、耐寒稳定性。同时, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏长期室温保存, 性状无明显改变, 未出现酸败、变质等现象, 证明其稳定性良好。
小鼠左侧试验区皮肤均匀涂抹鲟鱼软骨肽软膏, 右侧试验区涂抹生理盐水作为对照。如图 5B所示, 与对照区域相比, 涂抹7%鲟鱼软骨肽软膏的部位没有明显红斑、水肿等情况发生, 证明7%鲟鱼软骨肽软膏对小鼠皮肤没有明显的皮肤刺激性。此外, 本研究还对鲟鱼软骨肽软膏组及对照组进行了详尽的组织病理学评估(图 5C), 结果显示, 药物组和对照组的组织样本在微观结构上均未显示出任何显著性的变化或损伤, 细胞的排列、细胞核的完整性及间质组织的结构在两组样本中都维持了正常状态, 没有观察到炎症、坏死或其他病理性变化的迹象, 鲟鱼软骨肽与对照组相比没有显著的差异, 表明鲟鱼软骨肽能够安全用于皮肤涂抹给药的应用中。
鲟鱼软骨肽软膏中的鲟鱼软骨肽自供体室进入受体室, 并能够在受体室中检测到, 说明鲟鱼软骨肽能够有效透过小鼠皮肤。同时通过检测受体室中鲟鱼软骨肽的累积量, 计算鲟鱼软骨肽的累计跨皮肤释放量。如图 6所示, 鲟鱼软骨肽在实验最开始的2 h内, 可以快速经皮渗透约50%的含量, 随后渗透速率稍微变慢, 最终在12 h时, 渗透速率达到92%。如表 1所示, 对鲟鱼软骨肽的累计释放速率进行零级动力学方程、一级动力学方程、Higuchi方程拟合分析, 发现鲟鱼软骨肽软膏的体外释放曲线符合一级动力学方程, 其R2为0.99。本研究证明鲟鱼软骨肽软膏具有良好的透皮吸收性, 能够用于经皮给药递送。
已有研究报道, 经二甲苯刺激后, 对照组小鼠右耳出现明显肿胀, 提示炎症形成[26]。如图 7所示, 实验发现, 对照组小鼠耳肿胀度高, 基质组和对照组在抗炎活性方面无显著性差异。与对照组、基质组相比较, 药物组具有显著的抗炎活性, 这表明鲟鱼软骨肽具有抑制小鼠耳肿胀的能力。
鲟鱼是现存起源较早的脊椎动物之一, 具有极高的经济价值和科研价值, 在鲟鱼的软骨和龙筋中具有丰富的胶原蛋白、硫酸软骨素和氨基葡萄糖等物质, 其在缓解骨性关节炎、关节疼痛等方面具有潜在价值[27]。大量的研究已经证实, 鲟鱼中的活性成分具有抗炎、抗氧化、加速伤口愈合等作用。本研究旨在探究鲟鱼软骨肽的生物活性及应用于经皮给药递送的潜力。
氧化还原平衡是维持机体内环境稳态、保持机体正常生命活动的重要因素, 紫外线辐射、过敏源接触等不良外界刺激会导致活性氧增加、自由基过量积累, 进一步导致机体发生氧化应激反应, 增加癌症、糖尿病、神经系统疾病等患病风险[28]。本研究发现鲟鱼软骨肽具有良好的ABTS、DPPH自由基清除活性, 表现出优越的抗氧化活性。
炎症是一种复杂且高度调节的适应性反应, 由多种刺激触发, 包括病原体、有毒的机械和化学制剂及感染和组织损伤等疾病。当炎症过程发生时, 巨噬细胞被激活并分泌过量的炎性介质, 如一氧化氮、前列腺素-E2和促炎细胞因子, 如TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等, 这些因子与各种炎症性疾病有关[29]。许多食物来源的蛋白质和蛋白质水解物的抗炎活性已经得到科学证明, 来自动物和植物来源的各种蛋白质和肽可能具有通过限制炎症来降低心血管疾病风险的潜力。本研究通过二甲苯致炎法初步确定了鲟鱼软骨肽软膏能发挥抗炎活性。
综上, 本研究评价了鲟鱼软骨肽在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞NIH/3T3、小鼠成肌细胞C2C12中的安全性问题, 细胞凋亡检测、细胞活死检测及细胞毒性检测结果共同显示出鲟鱼软骨肽不会引起NIH/3T3、C2C12细胞的凋亡和坏死, 为鲟鱼软骨肽经皮给药递送的安全性提供前提依据; 同时, 鲟鱼软骨肽具有较好的ABTS、DPPH自由基清除活性, 表现出其优异的抗氧化活性, 本研究利用从鲟鱼软骨中酶解得到的鲟鱼软骨肽, 设计并制备得到了一种鲟鱼软骨肽含量为7%的软膏。通过初步观察鲟鱼软骨肽软膏涂抹于皮肤后的变化发现, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏对小鼠皮肤没有明显的刺激性, 小鼠皮肤不出现红肿过敏等现象; 此外, 鲟鱼软骨肽软膏具有较好的透皮吸收能力, 在12 h时, 软膏中的鲟鱼软骨肽累计释放率达到92%。鲟鱼软骨肽软膏涂抹于小鼠右耳后能够抑制二甲苯致炎后的小鼠耳肿胀, 在现有研究基础上进一步确证了鲟鱼软骨肽的抗炎活性。本研究为鲟鱼软骨肽的进一步应用, 以及经皮给药递送制剂的设计和可行性提供实验支撑。
作者贡献: 雷鹏负责整体实验设计、细胞实验操作、数据处理及文章撰写; 宋开超负责实验主体部分数据的完成、数据分析; 谢郑雯负责软膏制备、动物实验; 戚艺凡负责动物实验、数据处理; 张宇佳负责文章撰写与修改; 郑稳生负责实验思路设计、实验方案指导、文章审阅与修改
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 科技部“十三五”重大新药创制(2018ZX09721003-007-007)
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2024年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0110
  • 接收时间:2024-02-02
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-02
  • 修回日期:2024-04-24
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科技部“十三五”重大新药创制(2018ZX09721003-007-007)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050
    2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 北京 100050
    3.北华大学药学院, 吉林 吉林 132013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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