Article(id=1200394149217292725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1706025600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-24, revisedDate=1712246400000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764125867417, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1720713600000, pubDateStr=2024-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764125867417, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764125867417, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764125867417, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200394147019477416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1897', pageEnd='2182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764125866894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225115484, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810425920115297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200394147019477416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1982, endPage=1992, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200394149611557306, articleId=1200394149217292725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effects of alisol B 23-acetate on water-liquid balance in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Misuse of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing herbs is the major cause of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) in China. And diuretics are among the most commonly used medications for the treatment of PA-induced HSOS in clinical practice. As a traditional diuretic in traditional Chinese medicine, the diuretic mechanism of Alismatis Rhizoma (AR) has not been fully clarified, and there is no report on AR ameliorating PA-induced HSOS from a diuretic point of view. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) against acute liver injury induced by senecionine (a representative toxic PA) in mice, and to further elucidate its effect on impaired water-liquid balance in mice exposed to PA. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Registration number: PZSHUTCM220808017). Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Model of mice was induced by a single oral exposure of senecioine (50 mg·kg-1) (SEN group), and AB23A (40 mg·kg-1) intervention group (AB23A+SEN group), solvent control group (Ctrl group) and AB23A control group (AB23A group) were set up. The results showed that AB23A could significantly attenuate the levels of serum biochemical indices of liver functions in senecioine-induced acute liver injury mice, as evident by alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic sinusoidal stasis. AB23A also improved kidney function of mice exposed to senecionine, fascinated urinary excretion and repaired electrolyte disorders, as well as decreased content of senecioine metabolites. Further, the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to the water balance pathway were measured. AB23A could significantly down-regulate the elevated protein and mRNA expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor, and inhibit the transport of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane induced by senecionine exposure. AB23A also significantly decreased serum levels of angiotensin Ⅱ. In vitro studies further confirmed that AB23A regulates AQP2 expression in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells 3 (IMCD3). These data indicate that AB23A regulates the expression of AQP2 in renal medulla, thereby affecting its water reabsorption in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury. This work achieves a better understanding of the diuretic effect of AR, and provides experimental foundation and theoretical basis for the treatment of PA-induced acute liver injury by AR in clinics.

, correspAuthors=Ai-zhen XIONG, Li YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying-ying TANG, Xia-li JIA, Jin-yuan WANG, Kua DONG, Yan CHEN, Li-li DING, Ai-zhen XIONG, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200394152581124615, articleId=1200394149217292725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=23-乙酰泽泻醇B对千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠水液失衡的影响, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

误服误用含吡咯里西啶生物碱(pyrrolizidine alkaloid, PA) 的中草药是导致我国临床肝窦阻塞综合征(hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, HSOS) 的主要原因, 利尿剂是目前临床上治疗PA致HSOS的常用药物之一。泽泻作为传统利尿中药, 但其利尿机制仍未完全明确, 且尚未有从利尿角度阐释泽泻改善PA致HSOS的报道。基于课题组前期研究, 本研究以泽泻三萜23-乙酰泽泻醇B (alisol B 23-acetate, AB23A) 为代表性药物, 评价其对毒性PA千里光碱致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用, 并进一步考察AB23A对模型小鼠水液失衡的影响。所有动物实验经上海中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号PZSHUTCM220808017), 符合实验动物伦理相关规范。小鼠单次灌胃千里光碱(50 mg·kg-1) 造模(SEN组), 并设AB23A (40 mg·kg-1) 干预组(AB23A+SEN组)、溶剂对照组(Ctrl组) 和AB23A对照组(AB23A组)。结果表明, AB23A可明显降低千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠血清肝功能生化指标水平, 缓解肝细胞凝固性坏死、肝窦淤血等病理状态; 此外, AB23A还可改善小鼠血清肾功能指标, 改善千里光碱造成的尿液排泄减少、机体电解质紊乱, 并降低千里光碱及其代谢产物的含量。进一步测定小鼠水平衡通路相关蛋白和mRNA的表达, AB23A可明显下调千里光碱模型组小鼠水通路蛋白2 (aquaporin-2, AQP2)、血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体的蛋白和mRNA表达水平, 抑制AQP2向顶端质膜运输, 并降低血清血管紧张素Ⅱ含量。体外研究进一步证实AB23A可调节肾脏内髓集合管细胞AQP2的表达。本研究表明, AB23A可调节千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠肾脏髓质AQP2, 影响其对水的重吸收, 改善水液平衡。研究结果进一步加深了对泽泻传统利尿活性的认识, 为临床利用泽泻治疗PA致HSOS提供实验基础和理论依据。

, correspAuthors=熊爱珍, 杨莉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*熊爱珍, Tel: 86-21-51322506, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail: ;
杨莉, E-mail:
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-containing Chinese medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related safety concerns [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2011, 46: 762-772., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201158915967901697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao H, Ruan JQ, Chen J, et al. Blood pyrrole-protein adducts as a diagnostic and prognostic index in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome [J]. 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Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201158911467414454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, companyId=1201158911383528372, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201158914697028594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hXOg5l0/E48S0ns/n7UvXA==, figureFileBig=ppPjW69XMWhjIk3bJvSjng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158914764137459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) treatment attenuates senecionine (SEN)-induced liver injury in mice. Mice were orally treated with AB23A (40 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) 5 days before SEN treatment (50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and sacrificed 24 h after SEN administration. A: Chemical structures of SEN and AB23A; B: HE staining of the liver tissues. Black star indicates hepatic sinusoidal stasis and black arrow indicates hepatocyte necrosis. The bar is 100 μm and the magnifying bar is 50 μm; C: Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acids (TBA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); D: Concentration of pyrrole-protein adducts (PPAs) in serum and liver tissues. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M2">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup><i>***</i></sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctrl group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup><i>###</i></sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> SEN group , figureFileSmall=hXOg5l0/E48S0ns/n7UvXA==, figureFileBig=ppPjW69XMWhjIk3bJvSjng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158914852217844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KYt4YD74nDC15q/UNy+/iA==, figureFileBig=ecAHa49L/n3ymlv+3rgCBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158914919326709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= AB23A treatment promotes the excretion of urinary and impairs the electrolyte balance in mice exposed to SEN. A: HE staining of the kidney tissues. The bar is 100 μm; B: Total volume of urine; C: Serum activities of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA); D: Urine concentration of K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Cl<sup>-</sup>. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M3">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctrl group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> SEN group , figureFileSmall=KYt4YD74nDC15q/UNy+/iA==, figureFileBig=ecAHa49L/n3ymlv+3rgCBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158914973852662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LsgDw+8WpIJbtQG6E3oZMQ==, figureFileBig=2POymqMJwwJpR5Q15IXVBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158915045155831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= AB23A treatment decreases the concentration of SEN and its metabolites in kidney and urine of mice. A: Concentration of PPAs in kidney tissues; B: Urine secretion of SEN and its metabolites. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M4">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> SEN group. SENNO: Senecionine <i>N</i>-oxide; SENOH: Senecionine hydroxylate , figureFileSmall=LsgDw+8WpIJbtQG6E3oZMQ==, figureFileBig=2POymqMJwwJpR5Q15IXVBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158915103876088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VuxSgbHvnvKsGXiq4oj/kQ==, figureFileBig=eB4Zs4aiiTIj5uZhN6Du7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158915162596345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= AB23A treatment influences the expression and localization of AQP2 protein in mice exposed to SEN. A: The protein expressions of AQP2 in kidney tissues (<i>n</i> = 6); B: The relative mRNA expression of <i>Aqp2</i> gene in kidney tissues (<i>n</i> = 8); C: Immunohistochemical staining of AQP2 in kidney tissues. The bar is 50 μm and the magnifying bar is 25 μm. Black arrow indicates the AQP2 protein positive cells. AQP2 expression was detected in principal cells in the collecting ducts, and labeling was much stronger in SEN-induced hepatotoxicity mice; labeling was much weaker in AB23A+SEN. <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M5">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Ctrl group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> SEN group , figureFileSmall=VuxSgbHvnvKsGXiq4oj/kQ==, figureFileBig=eB4Zs4aiiTIj5uZhN6Du7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158915221316602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=60qOsrh4omWvlSHQo4kXkw==, figureFileBig=NyVCLGP6aa4c/wCV108VFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158915288425467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= AB23A treatment regulates the water balance pathway modulated by AQP2 in mice and IMCD3 cells. A: The protein expression levels of angiotensin I (Ang Ⅰ) and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) in kidney tissues (<i>n</i> = 6); B: Serum concentration of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) (<i>n</i> = 8); C: The mRNA expression levels of <i>Angpt1</i>, <i>Angpt2</i>, and <i>Agtr1a</i> in kidney tissues (<i>n</i> = 8); D: The mRNA expression levels of <i>Aqp2</i> and <i>Agtr1a</i> in IMCD3 cells; E: The protein expression levels of AQP2 in IMCD3 cells. IMCD3 cells were incubated with SEN (1 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) or co-treated with AB23A (10 and 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) and SEN (1 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h. Three independent experiments were performed. <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M6">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctrl group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> SEN group , figureFileSmall=60qOsrh4omWvlSHQo4kXkw==, figureFileBig=NyVCLGP6aa4c/wCV108VFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158915372311548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene namePrimerSequence (5' to 3')
GapdhForwardGGC CGA GAA TGG GAA GCT TGT
ReverseACA TAC TCA GCA CCG GCC TCA
Aqp2ForwardATG TGG GAA CTC CGG TCC ATA
ReverseACG GCA ATC TGG AGC ACA G
Angpt1ForwardGGT GCT CTG CCA GTA TTA GAA
ReverseTGA CAT AAC CAC TTG CTG CT
Angpt2ForwardGCT GTG ATG ATA GAG ATT GGA
ReverseGAG TCT TGT CGT CTG GTT TAG T
Agtr1aForwardAAC AGC TTG GTG GTG ATC GTC
ReverseCAT AGC GGT ATA GAC AGC CCA
), ArticleFig(id=1201158915435226109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200394149217292725, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequences for RT-PCR. Gapdh: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Aqp2: Aquaporin 2; Angpt1: Angiopoietin 1; Angpt2: Angiopoietin 2; Agtr1a: Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor, type 1a

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene namePrimerSequence (5' to 3')
GapdhForwardGGC CGA GAA TGG GAA GCT TGT
ReverseACA TAC TCA GCA CCG GCC TCA
Aqp2ForwardATG TGG GAA CTC CGG TCC ATA
ReverseACG GCA ATC TGG AGC ACA G
Angpt1ForwardGGT GCT CTG CCA GTA TTA GAA
ReverseTGA CAT AAC CAC TTG CTG CT
Angpt2ForwardGCT GTG ATG ATA GAG ATT GGA
ReverseGAG TCT TGT CGT CTG GTT TAG T
Agtr1aForwardAAC AGC TTG GTG GTG ATC GTC
ReverseCAT AGC GGT ATA GAC AGC CCA
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23-乙酰泽泻醇B对千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠水液失衡的影响
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唐莹莹 1 , 贾夏丽 1 , 王金圆 1 , 董跨 1 , 陈岩 1 , 丁丽丽 1, 2 , 熊爱珍 1, 2, * , 杨莉 1, 2, * , 王峥涛 1, 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(7): 1982-1992
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(7): 1982-1992
23-乙酰泽泻醇B对千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠水液失衡的影响
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唐莹莹1, 贾夏丽1, 王金圆1, 董跨1, 陈岩1, 丁丽丽1, 2, 熊爱珍1, 2, * , 杨莉1, 2, * , 王峥涛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学, 中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*熊爱珍, Tel: 86-21-51322506, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail: ;
杨莉, E-mail:
Effects of alisol B 23-acetate on water-liquid balance in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury
Ying-ying TANG1, Xia-li JIA1, Jin-yuan WANG1, Kua DONG1, Yan CHEN1, Li-li DING1, 2, Ai-zhen XIONG1, 2, * , Li YANG1, 2, * , Zheng-tao WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. Shanghai R & D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2024-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0077
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误服误用含吡咯里西啶生物碱(pyrrolizidine alkaloid, PA) 的中草药是导致我国临床肝窦阻塞综合征(hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, HSOS) 的主要原因, 利尿剂是目前临床上治疗PA致HSOS的常用药物之一。泽泻作为传统利尿中药, 但其利尿机制仍未完全明确, 且尚未有从利尿角度阐释泽泻改善PA致HSOS的报道。基于课题组前期研究, 本研究以泽泻三萜23-乙酰泽泻醇B (alisol B 23-acetate, AB23A) 为代表性药物, 评价其对毒性PA千里光碱致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用, 并进一步考察AB23A对模型小鼠水液失衡的影响。所有动物实验经上海中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号PZSHUTCM220808017), 符合实验动物伦理相关规范。小鼠单次灌胃千里光碱(50 mg·kg-1) 造模(SEN组), 并设AB23A (40 mg·kg-1) 干预组(AB23A+SEN组)、溶剂对照组(Ctrl组) 和AB23A对照组(AB23A组)。结果表明, AB23A可明显降低千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠血清肝功能生化指标水平, 缓解肝细胞凝固性坏死、肝窦淤血等病理状态; 此外, AB23A还可改善小鼠血清肾功能指标, 改善千里光碱造成的尿液排泄减少、机体电解质紊乱, 并降低千里光碱及其代谢产物的含量。进一步测定小鼠水平衡通路相关蛋白和mRNA的表达, AB23A可明显下调千里光碱模型组小鼠水通路蛋白2 (aquaporin-2, AQP2)、血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体的蛋白和mRNA表达水平, 抑制AQP2向顶端质膜运输, 并降低血清血管紧张素Ⅱ含量。体外研究进一步证实AB23A可调节肾脏内髓集合管细胞AQP2的表达。本研究表明, AB23A可调节千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠肾脏髓质AQP2, 影响其对水的重吸收, 改善水液平衡。研究结果进一步加深了对泽泻传统利尿活性的认识, 为临床利用泽泻治疗PA致HSOS提供实验基础和理论依据。

23-乙酰泽泻醇B  /  吡咯里西啶生物碱  /  水通路蛋白2  /  利尿  /  水液平衡

Misuse of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing herbs is the major cause of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) in China. And diuretics are among the most commonly used medications for the treatment of PA-induced HSOS in clinical practice. As a traditional diuretic in traditional Chinese medicine, the diuretic mechanism of Alismatis Rhizoma (AR) has not been fully clarified, and there is no report on AR ameliorating PA-induced HSOS from a diuretic point of view. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) against acute liver injury induced by senecionine (a representative toxic PA) in mice, and to further elucidate its effect on impaired water-liquid balance in mice exposed to PA. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Registration number: PZSHUTCM220808017). Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Model of mice was induced by a single oral exposure of senecioine (50 mg·kg-1) (SEN group), and AB23A (40 mg·kg-1) intervention group (AB23A+SEN group), solvent control group (Ctrl group) and AB23A control group (AB23A group) were set up. The results showed that AB23A could significantly attenuate the levels of serum biochemical indices of liver functions in senecioine-induced acute liver injury mice, as evident by alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic sinusoidal stasis. AB23A also improved kidney function of mice exposed to senecionine, fascinated urinary excretion and repaired electrolyte disorders, as well as decreased content of senecioine metabolites. Further, the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to the water balance pathway were measured. AB23A could significantly down-regulate the elevated protein and mRNA expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor, and inhibit the transport of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane induced by senecionine exposure. AB23A also significantly decreased serum levels of angiotensin Ⅱ. In vitro studies further confirmed that AB23A regulates AQP2 expression in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells 3 (IMCD3). These data indicate that AB23A regulates the expression of AQP2 in renal medulla, thereby affecting its water reabsorption in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury. This work achieves a better understanding of the diuretic effect of AR, and provides experimental foundation and theoretical basis for the treatment of PA-induced acute liver injury by AR in clinics.

alisol B 23-acetate  /  pyrrolizidine alkaloid  /  aquaporin 2  /  diuretic  /  water-liquid balance
唐莹莹, 贾夏丽, 王金圆, 董跨, 陈岩, 丁丽丽, 熊爱珍, 杨莉, 王峥涛. 23-乙酰泽泻醇B对千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠水液失衡的影响. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (7) : 1982 -1992 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0077
Ying-ying TANG, Xia-li JIA, Jin-yuan WANG, Kua DONG, Yan CHEN, Li-li DING, Ai-zhen XIONG, Li YANG, Zheng-tao WANG. Effects of alisol B 23-acetate on water-liquid balance in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (7) : 1982 -1992 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0077
误服误用含吡咯里西啶生物碱(pyrrolizidine alkaloid, PA) 的中草药如菊科植物菊三七Gynura japonica是导致临床肝窦阻塞综合征(hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, HSOS) 的主要原因之一, 其重症患者死亡率高达90%, 成为目前受关注的中药药源性肝损伤之一[1]。据报道, 菊三七含20多种毒性PA及PA氮氧化物[2-5], 是导致我国临床HSOS的主要原因[4, 6, 7]。千里光碱是菊三七中含量最高、毒性最强的PA成分[5], 是常用的HSOS造模药物[4, 8, 9]。千里光碱经肝脏代谢活化后生成中间代谢物脱氢吡咯, 其亲电活性强, 不稳定, 与体内重要的生命大分子物质如蛋白结合生成吡咯-蛋白加合物(pyrrole-protein adducts, PPAs), 影响正常生理功能, 进一步诱发毒性[10, 11]。目前, 临床上尚无有效的PA致HSOS的治疗药物。2017年, 我国发布《吡咯里西啶生物碱相关肝窦阻塞综合征诊断和治疗共识》[12], 提出目前治疗策略主要是通过去除病因, 采取利尿、抗凝、补充白蛋白等对症支持治疗, 严重者需行经颈静脉门体分流术或肝脏移植, 因此迫切需要开发新的治疗药物。
泽泻始载于《神农本草经》, 列为上品, 味甘、淡, 寒, 归肾、膀胱经, 具有利水渗湿、泄热、化浊降脂的功效, 是我国有名的利尿中药之一。《中华人民共和国药典》 (2020年版) 记录泽泻为泽泻科植物东方泽泻Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep.或泽泻Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.的干燥块茎。泽泻含多种活性成分, 泽泻三萜类化合物是其特征性成分, 也是目前研究最多、活性最强的成分。目前已在泽泻中发现90余种三萜类成分, 是泽泻属等少数植物类群中所特有的活性成分, 也是泽泻发挥保肝[13, 14]、抗炎[15, 16]、利尿[17]、降脂[18, 19]等的药效物质基础。其中, 23-乙酰泽泻醇B (alisol B 23-acetate, AB23A) 是最早发现的泽泻三萜类成分, 也是含量最高的三萜, 是泽泻药材和饮片含量测定的指标成分[20]。作为传统的利尿中药, 泽泻的利尿活性和药效物质一直是研究者们重点关注的内容之一。已有研究发现, 泽泻提取物及多种泽泻三萜[21, 22]均具有利尿活性。尽管如此, 关于泽泻利尿的机制仍未完全明确。本课题组前期研究发现泽泻提取物能够改善千里光碱致小鼠急性肝损伤[23], 提示泽泻可能成为临床PA致HSOS的潜在治疗药物, 但尚未有从利尿角度阐释泽泻改善PA致HSOS的报道。
因此, 本研究以泽泻中三萜类成分AB23A为代表性药物, 评价泽泻三萜对千里光碱致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用, 并进一步考察AB23A对模型小鼠水液失衡的影响, 为基于泽泻利尿活性开发其作为临床PA损伤相关疾病的治疗药物提供实验基础和理论依据。
药品与试剂  千里光碱(senecionine, SEN) (批号: PRF8101624) 购自成都普瑞法科技开发有限公司, 纯度大于98%。AB23A (批号: MUST-21030408) 购自成都曼思特生物科技有限公司, 纯度大于98%。谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 活力测试试剂盒(货号: C009-2-1)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 活力测试试剂盒(货号: C010-2-1)、总胆汁酸(total bile acids, TBA) 含量测试试剂盒(货号: E003-2-1)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP) 活力测试试剂盒(货号: A059-2-2)、肌酐(creatinine, CREA) 含量测试试剂盒(货号: C011-2-1)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN) 含量测试试剂盒(货号: C013-2-1) 均购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
实验动物  SPF级雄性C57 BL/6J小鼠(8周龄, 体重20 ± 2 g) 购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司[合格证号: SCXK (沪) 2022-0004], 饲养于上海中医药大学实验动物中心[合格证号: SCXK (沪) 2020-0009], 饲养条件: 温度20 ± 2 ℃, 相对湿度55% ± 5%, 室内每小时空气交换12~18次, 12 h昼/夜循环, 自由摄取食物和水。动物实验方案经上海中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: PZSHUTCM220808017), 所有实验均严格按照动物使用和伦理原则进行。
药物配制  称取适量的千里光碱, 溶解于5%盐酸溶液中, 加入1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至6~7, 再用生理盐水补足至5 mg·mL-1, 给药剂量为50 mg·kg-1。称取适量的AB23A, 研磨之后, 用0.5% CMC-Na混悬成4 mg·mL-1, 给药剂量为40 mg·kg-1
动物实验  实验动物适应性喂养7天, 随机分为4组, 每组8只, 分别为溶剂对照组(Ctrl组)、模型组(SEN组)、AB23A干预组(AB23A+SEN组)、AB23A对照组(AB23A组)。给药前及取材前各禁食8 h, 自由饮水。根据课题组前期研究[23], SEN组单次灌胃SEN 50 mg·kg-1; AB23A+SEN组每日给药AB23A (40 mg·kg-1), 连续5天, 于末次给药后灌胃SEN (50 mg·kg-1) 造模; Ctrl和AB23A组分别灌胃空白溶剂和AB23A (40 mg·kg-1)。各组小鼠分别于SEN造模后分置于独立代谢笼中, 收集造模后24 h内的尿液并记录尿液体积。小鼠以异氟烷麻醉摘眼球取血, 收集肝脏、肾脏。全血于室温下静置2 h, 4 ℃、4 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 分离血清; 取小鼠肝脏最大叶中1 cm ×1 cm置4%多聚甲醛中, 其余肝脏以液氮速冻后保存于-80 ℃; 取小鼠同侧肾脏组织置于4%多聚甲醛中, 其余肾脏以液氮速冻后保存于-80 ℃。
细胞实验  小鼠肾脏内髓集合管3上皮细胞(inner medullary collecting duct 3, IMCD3) 购自合肥万物生物科技有限公司, 培养基为含10%胎牛血清(10099-141C, 美国Gibco公司) 及1%双抗的DMEM/F12培养基(PWL005, 大连美仑生物技术有限公司), 培养条件为含5% CO2的37 ℃培养箱常规培养。每两天换液一次, 当细胞密度达到80%~90%时传代, 选择对数生长期的细胞进行实验。实验分成Ctrl组、SEN组(1 mmol·L-1)、AB23A (10 μmol·L-1) + SEN (1 mmol·L-1) 组、AB23A (20 μmol·L-1) + SEN (1 mmol·L-1) 组、AB23A (20 μmol·L-1) 组, 每组3个复孔。将IMCD3细胞悬液以每毫升2×105个细胞接种于6孔板中。给药24 h后, 收集细胞。
肝肾功能评价  根据试剂盒说明书测定血清肝功能指标(ALT活力、AST活力、TBA含量、ALP活力) 及血清肾功能指标(CREA含量、BUN含量)。采用多功能酶标仪(VARIOSKAN FLASH, 美国Thermo Scientific公司) 读取各吸光度(optical density, OD) 值, 根据标准曲线计算ALT、AST、TBA、ALP、BUN、CREA的水平。取尿液以自动生化仪检测尿Na+、尿K+、尿Cl水平。
肝脏、肾脏组织以4%多聚甲醛固定24 h后, 依次进行脱水、包埋、切片、苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色、乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明、树胶封固, 于光学显微镜下观察组织病理变化并采集图片。
千里光碱及代谢物含量测定  参考文献方法[4, 24, 25], 采用LC-MS检测小鼠血清、肝脏、尿液中千里光碱及主要代谢物的含量。仪器为日本Shimadzu CBM-30 A高效液相色谱系统, 连接美国ABSCIEX QTRAP6500质谱系统, 采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM) 模式进行检测。色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm); 流动相为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈。各化合物的检测离子通道分别为: SEN: 336.2 > 120.2 (定量离子对), 336.2 > 138.2 (定性离子对); 千里光碱氮氧化物(SENNO): 352.2 > 120.2 (定量离子对), 352.2 > 138.2 (定性离子对); 千里光碱羟化产物(SENOH): 352.2 > 120.2 (定量离子对), 352.2 > 138.2 (定性离子对); 野百合碱(内标): 326.2 > 120.2 (定量分析), 326.2 > 138.2 (定性离子对); 吡咯-蛋白加合物(PPAs): 341.2 > 252.2 (定量离子对), 341.2 > 296.2 (定性离子对)。
血管紧张素Ⅱ含量测定  参考课题组已建立的方法[26], 采用LC-MS法检测血清中血管紧张素Ⅱ (angiotensin Ⅱ, Ang Ⅱ) 的含量。以Waters Acquity HSS T3柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) 色谱柱分离, 流动相为含0.1%甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵)-乙腈。采用MRM测定样本中Ang Ⅱ含量, 检测离子通道为: 523.9 > 263.1。
逆转录-聚合酶链式反应分析  取10 mg小鼠肾组织样本或细胞样本, 以RNAfast 2000总RNA极速抽提试剂盒(220011, 上海飞捷生物技术有限公司) 提取总RNA, 取1 μg总RNA用Prime Script RT Master Mix试剂盒(AG11706, 湖南艾科瑞生物科技有限公司) 转录为cDNA。使用SYBR Premix Ex Taq试剂盒(AG11718, 湖南艾科瑞生物科技有限公司) 进行实时荧光PCR检测目的基因的mRNA表达水平。以内参基因Gapdh为参照, 通过2-ΔΔCt方法分析目标基因的相对表达量, Ctrl组设为1, 引物序列见表 1
蛋白免疫印痕分析  取10 mg小鼠肾组织样本或细胞样本, 加入含有蛋白酶抑制剂(64155900, 美国Roche公司) 的RIPA裂解液(89901, 美国Thermo Scientific公司), 4 ℃充分碾磨, 10 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清液。用BCA蛋白测定试剂盒(ZJ102, 上海翌圣生物科技有限公司) 测定蛋白浓度。蛋白变性后, 取20 μg蛋白进行蛋白免疫印痕分析检测目标蛋白。以内参蛋白β-actin为参照, 计算目的蛋白的相对表达量。目标及内参蛋白一抗信息如下: 血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor, AT1R) 抗体(批号: ab9391, 英国Abcam公司); 水通路蛋白2 (aquaporin-2, AQP2) 抗体(批号: A16209, 武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司); Ang Ⅰ抗体(批号: ab95230, 英国Abcam公司); β-actin抗体(批号: 4970s, 美国Cell Signaling Technology公司)。
免疫组织化学染色  采用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连结法进行免疫组织化学染色。一抗为AQP2兔多克隆抗体(批号: A16209, 武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司), 稀释比例1∶200; 二抗为生物素标记的羊抗小鼠/兔IgG聚合物(批号: k5007, 丹麦Dako公司)。
统计学分析  实验数据采用均数±标准($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示, GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA) 软件用于统计分析, 两组间比较满足正态分布采用参数检验进行差异分析, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, 若P < 0.05则表示差异有统计学意义。
SEN和AB23A化学结构如图 1A所示。Ctrl组小鼠肝脏肝细胞排列整齐, 肝细胞以中央静脉为中心呈放射状单行排列; SEN模型组(50 mg·kg-1) 小鼠肝窦周围有明显的淤血, 肝细胞凝固性坏死, 与前期临床及实验报道相符[12, 23]。与模型组比较, AB23A干预组(AB23A+SEN) 小鼠肝窦淤血、肝细胞坏死等损伤均得到明显缓解(图 1B)。SEN模型组ALT、AST、TBA、ALP均较空白组明显升高; 与模型组比较, AB23A干预组ALT、AST、TBA、ALP均显著降低(分别降低约70.6%、50.2%、51.4%、37.2%) (图 1C)。
PPAs是PAs致肝损伤的特异性代谢标志物[2, 12]。模型组小鼠血清和肝脏中检测到大量PPAs, AB23A干预组血清、肝脏中PPAs含量较模型组均显著下降(分别降低约25.7%、21.8%) (图 1D)。以上结果均表明泽泻三萜AB23A可缓解千里光碱致小鼠肝损伤。与空白组比较, AB23A对照组小鼠行为、肝脏病理及血清ALT、AST、TBA、ALP均未表现出明显异常。
与空白组小鼠比较, SEN模型组小鼠肾脏组织形态学未见明显异常(图 2A), 但其尿液排放量明显减少(降低50.6%) (图 2B)。此外, SEN模型组血清中的BUN、CREA水平均显著增加(分别增加27.7%、25.0%) (图 2C), 且尿液中的Na+、Cl-浓度显著下降(图 2D), 表明SEN可造成小鼠尿液排泄紊乱, 引起Na+在小鼠体内贮留、电解质紊乱。而AB23A干预组小鼠尿液排泄量较模型组显著增加, 血清BUN、CREA水平恢复趋向空白组水平, 且尿液中Na+、Cl-浓度也显著回调。与空白组比较, AB23A对照组小鼠未见肾组织和尿液排泄量的明显变化, 血清BUN、CREA及尿电解质浓度均未见明显差异。利尿剂被用作临床PA致HSOS的常用治疗药物之一[12, 27]。泽泻三萜被认为是泽泻利尿的重要药效物质[28, 29]。以上数据提示, AB23A可以改善SEN造成的小鼠尿液排泄减少、机体电解质紊乱。
PAs主要在肝脏代谢, 生成PPAs进而诱发毒性。课题组前期研究表明除了血液和肝组织外, 肾、肺、脑等肝外组织也存在一定的PPAs[30]。本研究检测小鼠肾脏组织中PPAs含量, 发现AB23A干预组小鼠肾组织中PPAs的含量较模型组显著降低(降低42.3%) (图 3A)。此外, 在尿液中检测到SEN原型及其主要代谢物SENNO和SENOH (图 3B), 对三者进行定量分析, 发现与模型组比较, AB23A干预组小鼠尿液中SEN及SENOH的排出量均显著降低(分别降低60.1%、37.8%), 三者总排出量降为模型组的60.9% (P < 0.01)。
AQP2是肾脏集合管中表达的一种水通道蛋白, 它能够有选择性地调节水分子的通过, 同时阻止离子和其他小分子的渗透[31], 在调节尿液浓度[32]和控制体液和电解质稳态[33]方面扮演着关键角色。毒性PA野百合碱可导致大鼠肾脏髓质中AQP2的蛋白和mRNA表达显著升高及尿液中AQP2浓度增加[34]。因此, 本研究检测小鼠肾脏中AQP2的蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果表明, SEN模型组小鼠肾组织中AQP2的蛋白表达较空白对照组显著升高, AB23A干预组小鼠其表达下调趋向空白组水平(图 4A); 肾脏中Aqp2 mRNA表达水平的变化与蛋白表达水平变化一致(图 4B)。进一步对小鼠肾组织进行AQP2免疫组化标记, 发现与空白组小鼠比较, 模型组小鼠肾脏中AQP2的亚细胞定位存在显著差异(图 4C): 空白组小鼠肾脏中AQP2存在于整个细胞质囊泡中, 质膜中分布较少; 而模型组小鼠中, AQP2主要定位于顶端质膜结构域, 而细胞质囊泡只有边缘标记。AB23A干预组小鼠中AQP2在质膜中的分布较模型组减少而囊泡中分布更为广泛, 且整体表达降低, 提示AB23A可降低SEN导致的小鼠肾脏髓质AQP2表达升高且促进AQP2向顶端质膜运输, 抑制集合管主细胞对水的重吸收。
AQP2的丰度增加及靶向顶膜运输, 都能够提高集合管细胞的透水性, 从而促进肾小管对水的重吸收[35]。目前研究发现AQP2的表达和转运的信号通路可用于治疗与水平衡紊乱相关的疾病[36, 37]。最近的一些研究表明, Ang Ⅱ能通过诱导AT1R[38]的表达, 改变细胞内AQP2的靶向性和AQP2的丰度, 从而调节肾脏水重吸收。因此, 进一步检测小鼠中AT1R、Ang Ⅰ和Ang Ⅱ的表达水平(图 5A~C)。与空白组比较, 模型组小鼠血清Ang Ⅱ水平显著增加; AB23A干预组小鼠血清Ang Ⅱ水平显著降低, 肾脏髓质中AT1R的蛋白和mRNA表达水平也明显降低, 这与文献报道中野百合碱可增加Ang Ⅱ/AT1R表达一致[39]
进一步利用小鼠肾脏内髓集合管3上皮细胞IMCD3进行体外实验。SEN增加了IMCD3细胞中AQP2和AT1R的mRNA表达水平; 与SEN组相比, AB23A+SEN联合给药组中二者的表达水平均有所降低, 20 µmol·L-1 AB23A可显著降低二者的表达(图 5D)。进一步检测IMCD3细胞中AQP2蛋白表达水平, SEN组细胞AQP2蛋白表达水平较溶剂对照组显著升高; 与SEN组比较, 20 µmol·L-1 AB23A与SEN联合给药组AQP2的蛋白表达水平显著降低(图 5E)。以上结果与体内数据相符, 提示AB23A调节肾脏内髓集合管细胞AQP2是其缓解千里光碱模型小鼠水液失衡的重要原因。
误服误用含千里光碱等PA的中草药是引发我国HSOS的主要原因, 但临床缺乏有效的治疗药物。课题组前期发现泽泻提取物可改善千里光碱致急性肝损伤[23], 与其调节胆汁酸代谢稳态有关。大量研究表明, 泽泻三萜是泽泻中重要的药效物质, AB23A作为泽泻的指标性成分已被发现能够改善多种原因引起的肝损伤, 如α-荼基异硫氰酸盐[40]和雌激素[41]诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤、四氯化碳诱导的肝毒性[42]和肝纤维化[43]、蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏症饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝炎[44]等。泽泻为传统利尿中药, 《本草新编》赞誉其“长于利水, 利小便如神”[45], 具有利水渗湿、利尿通淋、化浊降脂的功效, 常用于各种原因导致的水肿、水液失衡疾病。有研究发现泽泻水提物可降低肾脏髓质AQP2调节水液重吸收[22]。另有研究指出泽泻三萜如24-乙酰泽泻醇A和泽泻醇B与醛固酮结构相似, 可以通过竞争醛固酮受体抑制水重吸收、增加排尿量, 从而治疗肝硬化引起的水肿[46]。利尿剂是目前临床HSOS的常用治疗药物之一[12]。泽泻对千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠的水液失衡是否有改善作用尚未见报道。鉴于此, 本研究以泽泻三萜AB23A为代表成分, 探讨其对千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠水液失衡的影响。
本研究发现, AB23A可减轻千里光碱致急性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞坏死及淤血, 降低血清肝功能指标ALT、AST、TBA、ALP的水平, 这与前期泽泻提取物的药效一致。此外, 结果显示AB23A可降低千里光碱模型小鼠血清BUN、CREA水平, 增加尿液排泄。AB23A干预组小鼠血清、肝脏、肾脏中千里光碱毒性代谢标志物PPAs含量较模型组显著降低, 也进一步证实了AB23A可缓解千里光碱对小鼠的毒性。本研究还发现千里光碱模型小鼠尿液中Na+、Cl-浓度显著下降, 导致体内电解质紊乱, 而AB23A干预能够修复这种失衡。
泽泻改善水液平衡紊乱的机制尚不完全明确。AQP2作为肾脏集合管对水通透性的主要水通道蛋白, 在调节水液平衡紊乱相关的疾病方面有重要作用。亦有研究表明毒性PA野百合碱可诱导大鼠肾脏髓质中AQP2的表达升高[35]。本研究发现, 千里光碱可导致小鼠肾脏AQP2的表达增加, 并增加AQP2在顶端质膜结构域的分布。最新研究表明, Ang Ⅱ可诱导AT1R的表达, 从而改变细胞内AQP2的靶向性和AQP2的丰度, 进一步促进肾脏水重吸收[47]; 阻断AT1R能够降低由人工合成去氨加压素和Ang Ⅱ诱导的大鼠水重吸收作用及AQP2水平[48]。这可能是由于AT1R阻断剂与组织的Ang Ⅱ结合, 抑制了醛固酮的分泌, 从而导致肾小管的水钠重吸收减少[49]。在本研究中, 千里光碱模型组小鼠Ang Ⅱ和AT1R的表达均较生理水平显著增加, 而AB23A干预则降低了千里光碱模型小鼠血清中Ang Ⅱ水平并下调AT1R表达, 且降低了肾脏中AQP2表达、抑制AQP2向顶端质膜运输。体外研究证实千里光碱诱导了肾脏内髓集合管细胞IMCD3中AQP2的表达, 而AB23A则可抑制该变化, 进一步提示AB23A可调节肾脏内髓集合管细胞对水的重吸收作用。因此, 泽泻三萜AB23A可改善千里光碱致小鼠水液失衡, 与其调控AT1R调节肾脏髓质AQP2表达和转位, 从而促进尿液排泄有关。
目前, 国际国内研究者进行了大量PA毒性的研究, 以明确其毒性机制、发掘有效的治疗药物。研究者们发现了数个在动物模型上有效的中药提取物及活性成分[50, 51], 但主要通过对肝脏损伤的保护作用, 尚无从改善水液失衡方面进行探讨的研究。本研究发现, 泽泻三萜AB23A可改善千里光碱致小鼠肝损伤, 亦能改善小鼠肾功能、影响水通路蛋白、修复损伤小鼠水液失衡状态, 为泽泻治疗临床PA致HSOS提供进一步的数据支撑。以本研究为基础, 后续将进一步探讨泽泻改善PA致HSOS的量-效关系及泽泻三萜类成分改善PA致HSOS的构-效关系, 并深入探讨其作用机制, 为泽泻治疗临床HSOS提供实验基础和理论依据。
作者贡献: 唐莹莹、熊爱珍设计实验、撰写及修改论文; 唐莹莹、贾夏丽、陈岩、王金圆、董跨负责实验样本及数据的采集与分析; 丁丽丽、杨莉、王峥涛提供学术指导; 熊爱珍提供基金支持。
利益冲突: 无利益冲突。
  • 上海市自然科学基金资助项目(20ZR1473300)
  • 上海市人才发展资金(2020099)
  • 上海中医药大学“杏林学者”计划(B1-GY21-409-04-06)
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2024年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0077
  • 接收时间:2024-01-24
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-24
  • 修回日期:2024-04-05
基金
上海市自然科学基金资助项目(20ZR1473300)
上海市人才发展资金(2020099)
上海中医药大学“杏林学者”计划(B1-GY21-409-04-06)
作者信息
    1.上海中医药大学, 中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室暨国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2.上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海 201203

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*熊爱珍, Tel: 86-21-51322506, Fax: 86-21-51322519, E-mail: ;
杨莉, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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