Article(id=1200383182932660307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1414, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702915200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-19, revisedDate=1714060800000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764123252852, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1723392000000, pubDateStr=2024-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764123252852, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764123252852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764123252852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200383177295515678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='2183', pageEnd='2416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764123251508, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225076631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810262870741499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810262870741500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200383177295515678, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2273, endPage=2282, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200383183419199585, articleId=1200383182932660307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by a new iridoid from the Tabebuia avellanedae, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new iridoid was isolated from the Tabebuia avellanedae, its anti-myocardial injury activity was determined, and its mechanisms underlying inhibition of inflammation, regulation of oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis were explored. The dried inner bark of the Tabebuia avellanedae was extracted with boiling water, separated by liquid-liquid extraction, and purified by silica gel/ODS/Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ). The structure of Avd Ⅰ was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Cardiomyocyte injury model was established by 1 μg·mL-1 doxorubicin. After treatment with 1-40 μmol·L-1 of Avd Ⅰ, the cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured. The inflammatory factor levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the oxidative stress levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected. DCFH-DA staining was employed to observe the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), AnnexinV-FITC/PI double stainings were performed to detect the apoptosis level, JC-1 single staining was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and the Incell-Western assay was conducted to determine the apoptosis-related protein expression levels. The results showed that the cardiomyocyte injury was improved by 1-20 μmol·L-1 of Avd Ⅰ, and the IL-6 and IL-1β levels were decreased to near normal cell levels by 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ. The ROS level was strongly reduced and the SOD level was highly increased by 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ. In addition, 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ significantly decreased the apoptosis level, the B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio and the cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (cleaved caspase 3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3) ratio. Therefore, Avd Ⅰ could stimulate the cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduce the LDH level and inhibit inflammation levels through regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

, correspAuthors=Wei-sheng FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li ZHANG, Ren-rui LU, Jing-yang LI, Xiao-ke ZHENG, Wei-sheng FENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200383186447487216, articleId=1200383182932660307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=褐色钟花树中一种新环烯醚萜抑制多柔比星诱导的心肌细胞凋亡, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究从褐色钟花树中分离得到一种新环烯醚萜, 确定其抗多柔比星诱导的心肌损伤活性, 并从抑制炎症、调节氧化应激和抑制凋亡三方面对其机制进行探讨。褐色钟花树内皮用沸水提取后进行液液萃取, 通过硅胶/ODS/Sephadex LH-20柱色谱结合高效液相, 纯化得到avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ), 利用核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱等技术确定其化学结构。建立多柔比星诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤模型, 用1~40 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ处理细胞后, 检测细胞活力、细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、炎症水平、氧化应激水平、细胞凋亡水平和线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白。结果显示, Avd Ⅰ改善心肌细胞损伤的有效浓度为1~20 μmol·L-1, 且1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ可降低白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) 和白细胞介素-β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β) 水平, 显著降低心肌细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平, 增加超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 水平, 极显著降低心肌细胞的凋亡水平, 并显著降低心肌细胞B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein, Bax) /B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2), 活化的半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, cleaved caspase 3)/半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, caspase 3) 比率。Avd Ⅰ能够改善心肌细胞活力, 降低LDH水平, 抑制炎症水平和氧化应激水平, 其机制可能与调控线粒体凋亡途径进而抑制心肌凋亡水平有关。

, correspAuthors=冯卫生, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*冯卫生, Tel / Fax: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CgA2ZQiRX2WU5uUPSJrBtw==, magXml=I4ORkDDIytmNHdGlHcnaBA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=isEibIoV1W0jRamxqdbgFg==, pdfFileSize=2993866, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=N3VuWNCxHtBKmVcBlNl0IQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Nd2AKzh2KZg05i1rjdVwsQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张莉, 卢仁睿, 李静阳, 郑晓珂, 冯卫生)}, authors=[Author(id=1200431552254571325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200431552376206149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, authorId=1200431552254571325, language=EN, stringName=Li ZHANG, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200431550975308590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, companyId=1200431550958531373, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200431551080166197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200431551088554806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, companyId=1200431551080166197, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Development, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200431551092749111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, companyId=1200431551080166197, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200431557476479041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Tth5X9/mIVv5Z5NEzzQknQ==, figureFileBig=5V0FaTjxB/JLMbkIKja7ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431557606502476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The structure of avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ) and the key HMBC, <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H COSY and NOE corrections of Avd Ⅰ. A: Structure of Avd Ⅰ; B: Key HMBC and <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H COSY corrections of Avd Ⅰ; C: Key NOE corrections of Avd Ⅰ , figureFileSmall=Tth5X9/mIVv5Z5NEzzQknQ==, figureFileBig=5V0FaTjxB/JLMbkIKja7ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431557795246167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZpReefKgfS/JlzFr9/p1+Q==, figureFileBig=U1TiFWRvOGbWZGoKizCEog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431557946241122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of Avd Ⅰ on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory factor levels in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes. A: Cell viability was determined by methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) method; B-E: The levels of LDH, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1<i>β (</i>IL-1<i>β</i>) and tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>) in cellular supernatants. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M3">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> NC group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> ≤ 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> ≤ 0.01 <i>vs</i> DOX group. NC: Normal control group; DOX: Doxorubicin group; RSV: Resveratrol group , figureFileSmall=ZpReefKgfS/JlzFr9/p1+Q==, figureFileBig=U1TiFWRvOGbWZGoKizCEog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558042710117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Vv6ljuFIC8rIsOBjXMaUtg==, figureFileBig=MyEQFSOdBh5zxd+oWqhhRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558202093674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of Avd Ⅰ on DOX-induced antioxidant effects in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. A: Flow cytometry detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS); B: Quantitative analysis of ROS level based on the flow cytometry images; C-E: The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the cell supernatants. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M4">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> NC group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> ≤ 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> ≤ 0.01 <i>vs</i> DOX group , figureFileSmall=Vv6ljuFIC8rIsOBjXMaUtg==, figureFileBig=MyEQFSOdBh5zxd+oWqhhRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558344700018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CFoEQnPuCj/nOnGnGA2Hzg==, figureFileBig=xn4yD9DT/YvoYWlvG2i4jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558487306363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of Avd Ⅰ on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential levels in DOX-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes. A: Flow cytometry detection of apoptosis; B: Quantitative analysis of apoptosis level based on the flow cytometry images; C: Flow cytometry detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); D: Quantitative analysis of MMP level based on the flow cytometry images. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M5">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> NC group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> ≤ 0.01 <i>vs</i> DOX group , figureFileSmall=CFoEQnPuCj/nOnGnGA2Hzg==, figureFileBig=xn4yD9DT/YvoYWlvG2i4jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558600552578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3Lx5Lb2jweQ6VSmkmpc+vA==, figureFileBig=6jJe+RoF90DVa6PoAGBBcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558701215877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of Avd Ⅰ on key protein expression levels of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in DOX-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes. A: The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 3 were measured by incell-Western analysis, with <i>β</i>-actin as the loading control; B: Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; C: Cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 ratio. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M6">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> NC group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> DOX group. Bax: B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2; Cleaved caspase 3: Cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3; Caspase 3: Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 , figureFileSmall=3Lx5Lb2jweQ6VSmkmpc+vA==, figureFileBig=6jJe+RoF90DVa6PoAGBBcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558797684875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NzSgDZ5G4d5EykEcjSrk+A==, figureFileBig=R0uc3+4LUQTInbz0C+VODw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431558940291218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of Avd Ⅰ , figureFileSmall=NzSgDZ5G4d5EykEcjSrk+A==, figureFileBig=R0uc3+4LUQTInbz0C+VODw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200431559057731737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. δH (mult, J in Hz) δC
1 5.60 (d, 5.5) 98.7
2
3 5.50 (m) 90.2
4α 1.63 (m) 28.0
4β 1.99 (m)
5 2.54 (dd, 5.8, 13.1) 43.6
6 5.27 (m) 78.0
7α 2.04 (m) 38.7
7β 2.76 (m)
8 86.1
9 2.64 (dd, 5.5, 10.3) 52.5
10α 3.96 (d, 9.6) 77.1
10β 3.87 (d, 9.6)
1′ 122.1
2′ 7.96 (d, 8.9) 131.7
3′ 6.91 (d, 8.9) 113.7
4′ 163.6
5′ 6.91 (d, 8.9) 113.7
6′ 7.96 (d, 8.9) 131.7
7′ 165.9
4′-OCH3 3.85 (s) 55.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200431559208726683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200383182932660307, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (600 MHz) and 13C NMR (150 MHz) spectroscopic data for Avd Ⅰ (δ in ppm, in CDCl3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. δH (mult, J in Hz) δC
1 5.60 (d, 5.5) 98.7
2
3 5.50 (m) 90.2
4α 1.63 (m) 28.0
4β 1.99 (m)
5 2.54 (dd, 5.8, 13.1) 43.6
6 5.27 (m) 78.0
7α 2.04 (m) 38.7
7β 2.76 (m)
8 86.1
9 2.64 (dd, 5.5, 10.3) 52.5
10α 3.96 (d, 9.6) 77.1
10β 3.87 (d, 9.6)
1′ 122.1
2′ 7.96 (d, 8.9) 131.7
3′ 6.91 (d, 8.9) 113.7
4′ 163.6
5′ 6.91 (d, 8.9) 113.7
6′ 7.96 (d, 8.9) 131.7
7′ 165.9
4′-OCH3 3.85 (s) 55.5
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褐色钟花树中一种新环烯醚萜抑制多柔比星诱导的心肌细胞凋亡
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张莉 1, 2 , 卢仁睿 1 , 李静阳 1 , 郑晓珂 1, 2 , 冯卫生 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(8): 2273-2282
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(8): 2273-2282
褐色钟花树中一种新环烯醚萜抑制多柔比星诱导的心肌细胞凋亡
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张莉1, 2, 卢仁睿1, 李静阳1, 郑晓珂1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*冯卫生, Tel / Fax: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by a new iridoid from the Tabebuia avellanedae
Li ZHANG1, 2, Ren-rui LU1, Jing-yang LI1, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2. Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Medicine Development, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1414
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本研究从褐色钟花树中分离得到一种新环烯醚萜, 确定其抗多柔比星诱导的心肌损伤活性, 并从抑制炎症、调节氧化应激和抑制凋亡三方面对其机制进行探讨。褐色钟花树内皮用沸水提取后进行液液萃取, 通过硅胶/ODS/Sephadex LH-20柱色谱结合高效液相, 纯化得到avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ), 利用核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱等技术确定其化学结构。建立多柔比星诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤模型, 用1~40 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ处理细胞后, 检测细胞活力、细胞上清乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、炎症水平、氧化应激水平、细胞凋亡水平和线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白。结果显示, Avd Ⅰ改善心肌细胞损伤的有效浓度为1~20 μmol·L-1, 且1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ可降低白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) 和白细胞介素-β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β) 水平, 显著降低心肌细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平, 增加超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 水平, 极显著降低心肌细胞的凋亡水平, 并显著降低心肌细胞B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein, Bax) /B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2), 活化的半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, cleaved caspase 3)/半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, caspase 3) 比率。Avd Ⅰ能够改善心肌细胞活力, 降低LDH水平, 抑制炎症水平和氧化应激水平, 其机制可能与调控线粒体凋亡途径进而抑制心肌凋亡水平有关。

褐色钟花树  /  环烯醚萜  /  多柔比星  /  心肌细胞  /  凋亡  /  氧化应激  /  炎症

A new iridoid was isolated from the Tabebuia avellanedae, its anti-myocardial injury activity was determined, and its mechanisms underlying inhibition of inflammation, regulation of oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis were explored. The dried inner bark of the Tabebuia avellanedae was extracted with boiling water, separated by liquid-liquid extraction, and purified by silica gel/ODS/Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ). The structure of Avd Ⅰ was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Cardiomyocyte injury model was established by 1 μg·mL-1 doxorubicin. After treatment with 1-40 μmol·L-1 of Avd Ⅰ, the cell viability was evaluated by methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured. The inflammatory factor levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the oxidative stress levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected. DCFH-DA staining was employed to observe the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), AnnexinV-FITC/PI double stainings were performed to detect the apoptosis level, JC-1 single staining was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential level, and the Incell-Western assay was conducted to determine the apoptosis-related protein expression levels. The results showed that the cardiomyocyte injury was improved by 1-20 μmol·L-1 of Avd Ⅰ, and the IL-6 and IL-1β levels were decreased to near normal cell levels by 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ. The ROS level was strongly reduced and the SOD level was highly increased by 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ. In addition, 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ significantly decreased the apoptosis level, the B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio and the cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (cleaved caspase 3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3) ratio. Therefore, Avd Ⅰ could stimulate the cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduce the LDH level and inhibit inflammation levels through regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Tabebuia avellanedae  /  iridoid  /  doxorubicin  /  cardiomyocyte  /  apoptosis  /  oxidative stress  /  inflammation
张莉, 卢仁睿, 李静阳, 郑晓珂, 冯卫生. 褐色钟花树中一种新环烯醚萜抑制多柔比星诱导的心肌细胞凋亡. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (8) : 2273 -2282 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1414
Li ZHANG, Ren-rui LU, Jing-yang LI, Xiao-ke ZHENG, Wei-sheng FENG. Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by a new iridoid from the Tabebuia avellanedae[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (8) : 2273 -2282 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1414
褐色钟花树(Tabebuia avellanedae) 为紫葳科(Bignoniaceae) 风铃木属植物, 在其原产地中南美洲常用于治疗炎症、癌症、抑郁等疾病, 已有1 000多年的药用历史[1]。褐色钟花树被认为是风铃木属植物中药效最好的一种, 通常将其内皮作为药用。褐色钟花树于十多年前自南美洲引进我国, 目前在广东, 海南等省多用作行道树、庭院树以及园林树种。在华南地区和西南热带地区引种应用的常见风铃木属植物主要有: 黄花风铃木、洋红风铃木和银鳞风铃木等品种[2]。目前我国对风铃木属植物的研究多集中在其生物学特性、种子萌发、育苗和栽培技术、园艺及绿化应用等方面[3-6]。国外对风铃木属植物的研究结果表明, 该属植物富含醌类[7]、环戊烯类[8]、环烯醚萜类[9]、木质素类[10]、黄酮类[11]、苯丙素类[12]、皂苷类和香豆素类[1]等化合物, 风铃木属植物多具有抗炎[13]、抗癌[14]、抗氧化[15]、抗帕金森病[16]、抗溃疡[17]、促进皮肤愈合[18]、抗微生物[19]、抗抑郁[20]、降脂[21]、抗脂肪肝[22]、抑制黑色素生成[23]、抗高尿酸血症[24]、调节免疫应答[25]、抗白血病[26]、镇痛[27]等活性。
本实验室前期从褐色钟花树中提取并鉴定了一系列环戊烯类成分及由其衍生而成的环烯醚萜类成分, 且已证明它们都具有较强的抗炎活性[28, 29]。后续研究发现, 它们对心肌细胞损伤具有较好的保护作用, 能够减轻心肌细胞损伤后的炎症水平和心肌细胞凋亡水平。截至目前, 国内外尚未有关于褐色钟花树中的环戊烯衍生物或环烯醚萜衍生物对心肌细胞保护作用的相关研究报道。本研究主要报道一种从褐色钟花树中分离得到的新的环烯醚萜, 确定其抗心肌损伤活性, 并从抑制炎症、调节氧化应激和抑制凋亡三方面, 对其抗心肌细胞损伤机制进行探讨。
仪器与试剂    核磁共振波谱仪JEOL ECA-600、质谱仪JEOL JMS-700、质谱仪JEOL JMS SX-102 (日本电子株式会社); 红外光谱仪IR-460, 紫外光谱仪UV-1600 (岛津制作所, 日本); 自动旋光仪SEPA-3000 (HORIBA, Ltd., 日本); 旋转蒸发仪、冷却水循环装置、冷冻干燥机、水流抽气机(东京理化器械株式会社, 日本); 鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); 超声波清洗机(宁波新芝生物科技有限公司); ELIEⅡ细胞培养箱(Thermo Fisher Scientific, 美国); NIKON ECLIPSE TS100倒置显微镜(尼康, 日本); Arium 611VF型超纯水仪(Sartorius Stedim Biotech, 德国); Centrifuge-5810型离心机、微量加样器(Eppendorf AG, 德国); AB204-N型万分之一精密分析天平(METTLER TOLEDO, 瑞典); 双向恒温磁力搅拌器(上海振荣科学仪器有限公司); iMark酶标仪(Bio-Rad Laboratories, 美国); BD FACSAria Ⅲ流式细胞仪、Aria电脑工作站(Becton, Dickinson and Company, 美国); Odyssey CLx双色红外激光成像系统(LI-COR Biosciences, 美国); 硅胶63-210 μm (关东化学株式会社, 日本); ODS 63-212 μm (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 日本); Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia Biotech AB, 瑞典); silica gel 60 F254薄层层析板、RP-18 F254S薄层层析板(Merck KGaA, 德国); C18-AR-Ⅱ 5 µm色谱柱(Nacalai Tesque, Inc., 日本) 三氯化铁显色剂(FeCl3-k3[Fe(CN)6] = 1∶1) 及1%茴香醛-浓硫酸显色剂为实验室自制; 高糖DMEM培养基(批号2383696, Gibco Life Technologies, 美国); 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS, 批号20010502, 杭州四季青生物工程研究所); 胰酶、methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) (批号分别为J190017、715F055, 北京兰杰柯科技有限公司); 注射用盐酸多柔比星(doxorubicin, DOX, 批号2112E1, 深圳万乐药业有限公司); 白藜芦醇(resveratrol, RSV, 批号R26J10S94040, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 试剂盒(批号A020-2, 南京建成生物工程研究所); 白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、白细胞介素-β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 试剂盒(批号分别为MM-0190R1、MM-0047R1、MM-0180R1, 江苏酶免实业有限公司); PE偶联Annexin-V凋亡检测试剂盒(批号0020694, Becton, Dickinson and Company, 美国); DMSO、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 检测试剂盒、JC-1线粒体膜电位试剂盒、Triton (批号分别为1121E0316、20210915、20210914、No.1111J021, 索莱宝科技有限公司); 活化的半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, cleaved caspase 3, 批号9661S, Cell Signaling Technology, 美国); 半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, caspase 3)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein, Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) (批号分别为ab13847、ab59348、ab32503, Abcam Plc, 英国); β-Actin (批号AC004, 武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司); 羊抗兔二抗和羊抗鼠二抗(批号分别为C80911-11、C80816-10, LI-COR Biosciences, 美国); 其余试剂为国产或进口市售品色谱纯或化学纯级别试剂。
化合物的提取、分离与结构鉴定    本课题中的褐色钟花树内皮为日本金泽大学太田富久教授惠赠, 经太田富久教授鉴定为紫葳科风铃木属植物褐色钟花树(Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb) 的内皮。该植物样本存放在河南中医药大学, 注册号为T-340。将10 kg褐色钟花树的干燥内皮用沸水提取3次(每次30 L), 合并提取液并进行减压浓缩和冷冻干燥, 得到粗提物。将粗提物(350 g) 溶解在1 L蒸馏水中, 超声处理制备成混悬液, 依次用正己烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇(各3.5 L, 提取3次) 进行液液萃取, 得到正己烷部位2.3 g、乙酸乙酯部位48.6 g、正丁醇部位103.7 g和水部位190.0 g。取乙酸乙酯部位47.0 g用氯仿溶解, 经硅胶柱色谱用不同比例的氯仿-甲醇(100∶0→10∶1) 进行洗脱, 减压浓缩得到4个组分Fr 1~Fr 4。Fr 4 (4.3 g) 经ODS柱色谱用甲醇-水系统(1∶3→2∶1) 进行洗脱, 减压浓缩得到5个部位Fr 4-1~Fr 4-5。Fr 4-2 (690.2 mg) 经Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以100%甲醇等度洗脱得到10个部位Fr 4-2-1~Fr 4-2-10。Fr 4-2-8 (156.5 mg) 经硅胶柱色谱用不同比例的氯仿-甲醇(30∶0→10∶1) 进行洗脱, 减压浓缩得到3个组分Fr 4-2-8-1~Fr 4-2-8-3。Fr 4-2-8-1 (9.4 mg) 采用高效液相, 以COSMOSIL 5C18-AR-Ⅱ液相色谱柱, 用45%甲醇作为流动相纯化得到avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ) 1.8 mg (tR = 52 min)。
化合物Avd Ⅰ为黄色油状液体, 溶于氯仿; 比旋光度[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25.4} $ -33.62 (c 0.10, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 258 (0.49), 194 (0.26) nm; IR υmax (KBr) 3 360, 2 943, 2 840, 1 705, 1 607, 1 512, 1 259, 1 170, 1 119, 1 026, 986, 772 cm-1; HR-FAB-MS m/z 335.113 9 [M-H]- (C17H19O7计算值335.113 1); 1H和13C NMR数据见表 1
细胞培养与分组给药    H9c2大鼠心肌细胞株, 购于北纳生物。使用含10% FBS的高糖DMEM高糖培养液, 每二三天更换一次培养液, 取对数生长期的细胞用于实验。将H9c2细胞接种于96孔板, 接种细胞密度为每毫升4×104个, 每孔200 μL。接种24 h后, 分为4组: 正常组(normal control group, NC) 以DMEM高糖培养液处理细胞; 多柔比星模型组(doxorubicin group, DOX) 以含1 μg·mL-1 DOX的DMEM高糖培养液处理细胞; 白藜芦醇组(resveratrol group, RSV) 以含1 μg·mL-1 DOX和10 μmol·L-1 RSV的DMEM高糖培养液处理细胞; avelladoid Ⅰ组(avelladoid Ⅰ group, Avd Ⅰ) 以含1 μg·mL-1 DOX, 1、5、10、20、40 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ的DMEM高糖培养液处理细胞, 培养24 h, 每组设置4个复孔用于收取上清液测定LDH, 每组设置3个复孔进行MTT测定和Incell-Western实验。
将H9c2细胞接种于24孔板, 接种细胞密度为每毫升2×105个, 每孔1 mL, 每组设置3个复孔。接种24 h后, 分组给药同上操作。其中, Avd Ⅰ组给予含1 μg·mL-1 DOX与1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ的培养基培养24 h, 收集上清液用于测定IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、SOD、MDA、GSH-Px水平。
将H9c2细胞接种于6孔板, 接种细胞密度为每毫升8×104个, 每孔3 mL。接种24 h后, 分组给药同上段操作, 24 h后收集细胞, 用于流式测定指标实验。
MTT法检测细胞活力    分组给药处理结束后, 每孔换用含10% MTT的新鲜培养液200 μL, 4 h后用酶标仪检测490 nm处吸光度(A), 计算细胞活力。细胞存活率(%) = (A实验组/A对照组) ×100%。
细胞炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平检测   采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA), 按照ELISA试剂盒说明书检测细胞炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平, 并在450 nm处检测OD值。
细胞上清LDH、SOD、MDA、GSH-Px水平检测    按照南京建成生物工程研究所LDH、SOD、MDA、GSH-Px试剂盒说明书进行操作。
DCFH-DA探针法检测细胞ROS水平    分组给药处理结束后, 收集细胞, PBS洗涤一遍, 使用终浓度为10 μmol·L-1的DCHF-DA探针工作液调整细胞密度为每毫升1×106个, 37 ℃避光培养20 min, 每隔5 min轻弹混匀细胞悬液。用培养液洗涤细胞两次, 以冰PBS调整细胞浓度为每毫升1×105个, 用流式细胞仪进行检测, 使用Aria电脑工作站进行结果分析。
AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡水平    分组给药处理结束后, 收集培养上清液, 使用PBS洗涤细胞一遍, 上清与洗液合并收集, 每孔加入0.25%胰蛋白酶200 μL进行消化, 使用收集液终止消化, 1 000 r·min-1离心5 min收集细胞。PBS洗涤一遍, 使用1×binding buffer调整细胞密度为每毫升1×106个, 吸取100 μL细胞悬液移至5 mL流式细胞管中, 加入AnnexinV-FITC/PI避光室温孵育15 min。每管加入400 μL 1×binding buffer, 1 h内使用流式细胞仪进行检测, 使用Aria电脑工作站进行结果分析。
JC-1探针法检测细胞线粒体膜电位水平    分组给药处理结束后, 收集细胞。PBS洗涤一遍, 用1×Assay Buffer稀释JC-1探针使其终质量浓度为10 μg·mL-1, 每管样本中加入500 μL JC-1探针工作液, 37 ℃避光培养15 min。样本使用1×assay buffer洗涤两次, 使用1×assay buffer调整细胞浓度为每毫升1×105个, 使用流式细胞仪进行检测, 使用Aria电脑工作站进行结果分析。
Incell-Western法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白    分组给药处理结束后, 弃上清, 每孔加入150 μL 10%甲醛, 室温固定20 min。每孔加入150 μL 0.1% Triton-x-100室温洗涤, 洗涤5次, 每次5 min。每孔加入150 μL封闭液, 室温封闭1.5 h。封闭结束后, 每孔加入50 μL一抗稀释液(1∶200), 进行caspase 3、cleaved caspase 3、Bax、Bcl-2、β-actin一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。接着进行PBST洗涤, 洗涤5次, 每次5 min。每孔加入50 μL二抗稀释液(1∶500), 室温摇床孵育1 h。接着PBST洗涤4次, PBS洗涤1次, 每次5 min。完全吸除洗涤液, 进行双色红外激光成像系统(Odyssey CLx, 美国) 700 nm与800 nm双通道检测与分析, 使用Image Studio工作软件(Odyssey CLx, 美国) 进行结果分析。
统计学分析    所有实验数据均用平均值±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示, 差异分析使用SPSS26.0统计软件处理, 采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05代表差异有显著性, P < 0.01代表差异有极显著性。
化合物Avd Ⅰ为黄色油状液体, 溶于氯仿; HRFABMS m/z 335.113 9 [M-H]- (计算值335.113 1, C17H19O7), 确定其分子式是C17H20O7。红外光谱提示存在羟基(3 360 cm-1) 和羰基(1 705 cm-1) 基团。1H NMR谱显示两个AA′BB′系统芳香氢信号[δH 7.96 (2H, d, J = 8.6) 和δH 6.91 (2H, d, J = 8.6)], 一个甲氧基氢信号δH 3.85 (s), 结合HMQC显示化合物中还存在一个连氧亚甲基氢信号[δH 3.96 (d, 9.6) 与3.87 (d, 9.6)], 二个亚甲基氢信号[δH 2.76 (m) 与2.04 (m)] 和[δH 1.99 (m) 与1.63 (m)], 三个连氧次甲基氢信号[δH 5.60 (d, 5.5), 5.50 (m) 和5.27 (m)], 二个次甲基氢信号[δH 2.64 (dd, 5.5, 10.3) 和2.54 (dd, 5.8, 13.1)]。13C NMR (表 1) 结合HMQC谱观察到17个碳信号, 包括1个羰基碳信号(δC 165.9), 6个芳香族碳信号(δC 163.6, 131.7, 131.7, 122.1, 113.7, 113.7), 9个脂肪族碳信号(δC 98.7, 90.2, 86.1, 78.0, 77.1, 52.5, 43.6, 38.7和28.0) 和1个甲氧基碳信号(δC 55.5), 结合图 1中HMBC信号和1H-1H COSY信号, 与文献[30]对比, 发现与catalpin triacetate数据基本一致, 推测化合物Avd Ⅰ为环烯醚萜类化合物。不同之处在于catalpin triacetate的C-3、C-8和C-4′位连接乙酰基团, 而Avd Ⅰ中不含乙酰基信号, 推测C-3和C-8位为羟基取代; 此外, HMBC谱显示δH 3.85 (H-4′-OCH3) 与δC 163.6 (C-4′) 有远程相关关系, 提示苯环的C-4′位有一个甲氧基取代。化合物Avd Ⅰ的相对构型通过NOE谱确定, NOE谱显示H-5与H-9有NOE相关, 并且H-5、H-6与H-10α三者间互相有NOE相关, 此外, H-1与H-3有NOE相关, 且H-1与H-10β有NOE相关, 确定了其相对立体构型如图 1所示。因此确定该化合物为2a, 6-dihydroxyoctahydro-2H-4, 5-dioxacyclopenta[cd]inden-1-yl 4-methoxycyclohexa-1, 3-diene-1-carboxylate, 命名为avelladoid Ⅰ (Avd Ⅰ)。其1H NMR和13C NMR数据见表 1, 其HMBC, 1H-1H COSY、NOE相关信号见图 1
与NC相比, DOX组细胞活力显著降低(P < 0.01), LDH及炎症因子水平显著升高(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。与模型组相比, 1~20 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ使细胞活力显著提高(P < 0.01) 的同时, 可使细胞上清LDH水平显著降低(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。化合物的有效浓度为1~20 μmol·L-1, 为节省化合物用量, 均以1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ进行后续研究。与模型组相比, 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ可显著降低IL-6 (P < 0.05) 和IL-1β (P < 0.01) 水平至接近正常组细胞水平, 结果见图 2
与NC组相比, DOX组细胞ROS水平极显著升高(P < 0.01), SOD水平(P < 0.01) 和GSH-Px水平(P < 0.05) 出现明显降低; 与DOX组相比, 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ可有效降低由DOX诱导的细胞内的ROS水平(P < 0.05), 显著提高细胞中SOD水平(P < 0.01), 结果见图 3
与NC组比较, DOX组细胞凋亡率极显著升高(P < 0.01), 且细胞线粒体膜电位水平极显著性降低(P < 0.01); 与DOX组相比, 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ可极显著降低H9c2心肌细胞的凋亡水平(P < 0.01), 有升高H9c2心肌细胞内的线粒体膜电位水平的趋势, 但无显著性差异, 结果见图 4
与NC组比较, DOX组细胞水平极显著升高H9c2心肌细胞内的凋亡通路关键蛋白Bax/Bcl-2与cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3的比率(P < 0.01)。与DOX组相比, 1 μmol·L-1 Avd Ⅰ可将Bax/Bcl-2以及cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3的比率降低至接近正常水平(P < 0.01), 结果见图 5
Avd Ⅰ属于4-去甲基环烯醚萜衍生物, 它可能来自焦磷酸香叶酯水解、氧化形成香茅醛, 然后经环合、进一步水合并氧化为臭蚁二醛, 再发生烯醇化并分子内羟醛缩合形成荆芥醇, 荆芥醇4位甲基氧化成羧基后再脱羧, 形成4-去甲基环烯醚萜, 最后经过氧化、脱水环合、酰化等反应形成(图 6)。
Lino von Poser等[31]对紫葳科中各个属的植物成分进行了总汇, 发现在紫葳科中只有钟花树属植物里含有4-去甲基环烯醚萜, 因此建议可以将其作为钟花树属特征性成分, 以区别其他紫葳科植物。此外, 4-去甲基环烯醚萜与环戊烷、环戊烯或环戊醛类成分能互相转化(图 6), 需要指出的是环戊烷、环戊烯和环戊醛类化合物也是褐色钟花树的标志性成分[31], 以上三类成分在植物的次级代谢产物中极其罕见。在风铃木属植物, 例如玫红栎铃木(Tabebuia rosea)、斑叶钟花树(Tabebuia impetiginosa)、褐色钟花树(Tabebuia avellanedae) 中能够提取分离得到环戊烯类成分[8], 除风铃木属之外, 只有极少数的植物如Alberta magna的新鲜叶子[32]、单叶蔓荆(Vitex rotundifolia)[33]等中能提取出环戊烯类成分。环戊烯类成分更多存在于真菌的代谢产物中, 例如在海洋真菌[34]、粪生真菌[35]、微红皱裂菌[36]、小瓶菌[37]以及黑葱花霉(真菌) [38]中都提取得到了环戊烯类成分。可以推测, 4-去甲基环烯醚萜是钟花树属植物合成环戊烷、环戊烯、环戊醛类成分的重要一环。根据现有研究结果来看, 从褐色钟花树中提取得到的环戊烷、环戊烯、环戊醛和4-去甲环烯醚萜类成分的活性非常相似, 均具有较好的心肌细胞损伤保护和抗炎作用, 其原因可能是由于它们之间可相互转化。本研究发现, 在多柔比星诱导的心肌细胞损伤模型中, Avd Ⅰ能够提高造模后的心肌细胞活力, 还能降低受损心肌细胞中的LDH水平, 降低受损细胞内异常升高的炎症因子水平, 证明Avd Ⅰ能改善心肌细胞损伤, 缓解心肌细胞炎症损伤。
心肌损伤的机制较为复杂, 目前的研究主要集中在炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡等方面。心肌细胞在受损的情况下, 会导致炎性因子增多、脂质过氧化水平增加、细胞膜的稳定性及完整性被破坏, 最终导致心肌细胞凋亡[39]。心肌细胞凋亡参与缺血再灌注损伤、心力衰竭、心肌梗死等多种心脏疾病的发生发展[40, 41]。本研究结果表明, Avd Ⅰ能够抑制多柔比星诱导的心肌细胞过度凋亡。细胞凋亡主要通过外源性途径和内源性途径启动和执行。细胞的内源性凋亡途径由多种应激条件、化学试剂或者药物引发, Bcl-2家族成员表达水平会发生变化, 导致促凋亡蛋白Bax与抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达水平的比值升高, 引起线粒体膜电位下降, 造成线粒体内细胞色素c (cytochrome C, Cytc) 的释放, 进一步激活caspase-9形成凋亡小体, 从而激活caspase-3级联通路, 最终导致细胞凋亡[42]。本研究发现, 经Avd Ⅰ处理后, 细胞凋亡水平明显下降, 线粒体膜电位水平得到一定提升, 线粒体凋亡途径关键蛋白水平也恢复了正常, 提示细胞的线粒体凋亡途径被抑制。
线粒体有氧代谢的副产物活性氧族, 在低浓度时有益于心血管功能, 过度生成则会对蛋白、脂类和DNA造成氧化损伤, 引发线粒体跨膜电位降低, Cytc释放, 并激活一系列caspase酶, 诱导细胞发生凋亡[43], 最终导致心律失常、心力衰竭等[44]。既往研究表明, 某些化疗药物诱导产生的ROS能够引起Bax/Bcl-2比例增加, 进而参与线粒体途径的细胞凋亡, 而抗凋亡基因bcl-2的过度表达能减少氧自由基的产生[45]。本研究对细胞中ROS、SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平的检测结果与上述机制一致, 表明Avd Ⅰ能够调节心肌细胞的氧化应激水平。
综上所述, Avd Ⅰ能够抑制心肌细胞炎症并改善心肌细胞活力, 其机制可能与调节心肌细胞氧化应激水平, 并通过调控线粒体凋亡途径抑制心肌细胞凋亡有关。
作者贡献: 张莉负责课题的设计和经费来源; 卢仁睿和李静阳负责实验的实施和数据分析; 卢仁睿负责文章初稿撰写; 张莉负责终稿完成和稿件修订; 郑晓珂和冯卫生提供实验室平台和指导意见。
利益冲突: 本文不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81903516)
  • 河南中医药大学2018年度博士科研基金(BSJJ2018-04)
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2024年第59卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1414
  • 接收时间:2023-12-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19
  • 修回日期:2024-04-26
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81903516)
河南中医药大学2018年度博士科研基金(BSJJ2018-04)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
    2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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