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Article(id=1199786459596161343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0331, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=1717948800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980982922, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1726070400000, pubDateStr=2024-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980982922, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980982922, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980982922, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199786450628735631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='2417', pageEnd='2676', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980980784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225057364, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2612, endPage=2624, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199786459965260127, articleId=1199786459596161343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research on species identification of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal tea, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The adulteration and counterfeiting of herbal ingredients in medicinal and food homology (MFH) have a serious impact on the quality of herbal materials, thereby endangering human health. Compared to pharmaceutical drugs, health products derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are more easily accessible and closely integrated into consumers' daily life. However, the authentication of the authenticity of TCM ingredients in MFH has not received sufficient attention. The lack of clear standards emphasizes the necessity of conducting systematic research in this area. This study utilized DNA barcoding technology, combining ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK as universal barcode sequences, and DX, HH, JYH as specific barcode sequences, to identify the authenticity of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal teas. The aim was to investigate the authenticity of scented herbal tea products circulating in the market. The research results revealed that among 180 scented herbal tea samples, DNA barcodes were successfully obtained from 164 samples, while the remaining samples either lacked the target components or suffered severe DNA degradation, resulting in failed amplification. Combined with morphological identification studies, it was found that out of the 180 samples, 141 were authentic, accounting for 78.33% of the total samples, while 31 samples showed adulteration and 8 samples lacked the target components, accounting for 21.67% of the total samples. Additionally, water testing revealed that 5 samples of Carthamus tinctorius herbal tea exhibited the phenomenon of weight adulteration. This study exposed the presence of adulteration and weight adulteration in scented herbal tea products, highlighting the need for regulatory authorities to expedite the establishment of quality standards in scented herbal tea industry. These findings provide valuable insights for the rapid development of the scented herbal tea industry.

, correspAuthors=Tian-yi XIN, Xiang-dong PU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing SUN, Zi-yi HUANG, Si-qi LI, Yu-fang LI, Yan HU, Shi-wen GUO, Ge HU, Chuan-pu SHEN, Fu-rong YANG, Yu-lin LIN, Tian-yi XIN, Xiang-dong PU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199786461500375527, articleId=1199786459596161343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=市售药食同源保健花茶物种鉴定研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

掺伪混伪严重影响药材质量, 进而危及人类健康。药食同源保健食品属于中药衍生物, 相比于药物而言, 其更易获取且贴近消费者生活。然而, 市售药食同源保健食品中的中药组分真伪鉴定尚未引起重视, 且无明确标准可依, 急需开展系统性研究。本研究基于DNA条形码分子鉴定技术, 结合ITS2、psbA-trnH、matK通用条形码序列及DX、HH、JYH特异性条形码序列对市售药食两用保健花茶真伪进行鉴定, 旨在对市场上流通的药食同源保健花茶产品真伪情况进行调查。研究结果显示: 180份市售产品中共有164份样品成功获得DNA条形码序列, 其余样品因无目标组分或DNA存在降解, 无法获得扩增产物。结合性状鉴定研究发现180份样品中共有141份为正品, 占总样品量的78.33%; 31份样品存在掺伪现象, 8份样品无目标组分, 共占总样品量的21.67%。此外, 水试研究发现, 5份红花花茶样品存在红花掺重现象。本研究揭示药食同源保健花茶产品质量存在掺伪及掺重情况, 提示监管部门应该加速药食同源保健食品领域质量标准的建立, 为药食同源保健食品产业的快速发展提供参考。

, correspAuthors=辛天怡, 浦香东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*辛天怡, E-mail: ;
浦香东, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aiq50rDls4GHZ4Zv2PYq7w==, magXml=KE1UzSsBeriiWRggId2FZw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=pmm+LpD7+Xic1YRPH5TWKw==, pdfFileSize=2869677, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IZoagdJ9qZArZK2Q70RSrw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qQ+my2/83+M7kJ1revzWuA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者 .

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A: <i>Sophora japonica</i>; B: <i>Chrysanthemum indicum</i>; C: <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>; D: <i>Rosa rugosa</i>; E: <i>Magnolia officinalis</i>; F: <i>Eugenia caryophyllata</i>; G: <i>Crocus sativus</i>; H: <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>; I: <i>Lonicera japonica</i> , figureFileSmall=D60bBk2Ekhcsf3amcZL5Zg==, figureFileBig=Yn6VD6qFMhzqw+mWZtbY5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856017351362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eMcA8obFy03AUrpo4/I1SQ==, figureFileBig=TJK4PgedeVNuN5jtvzVSwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856126403273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Flowchart for floral herb identification in scented tea sample. The red box represents the target ingredient for identification in the flower tea , figureFileSmall=eMcA8obFy03AUrpo4/I1SQ==, figureFileBig=TJK4PgedeVNuN5jtvzVSwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856260621007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TWB6p1lmMXaEjt2Re79jZA==, figureFileBig=tEK9f87d5+hUP6WlTHoUXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856378061525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Statistical analysis of adulteration of nine floral herbs in scented tea samples. A: Summary of adulteration in 180 scented tea samples; B: Investigation of adulteration in nine floral herbal tea samples, respectively , figureFileSmall=TWB6p1lmMXaEjt2Re79jZA==, figureFileBig=tEK9f87d5+hUP6WlTHoUXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856508084952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HVx0sf34PrbD0qIBwJ2sFQ==, figureFileBig=ncM0kKz4xDOTQid2WjOcOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856705217252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The water test comparison between dyed and weight-gaining <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> samples (HC097, HC100, HC105, HC108 and HC113) and ordinary <i>C. tinctorius</i> samples (HC091-HC095) , figureFileSmall=HVx0sf34PrbD0qIBwJ2sFQ==, figureFileBig=ncM0kKz4xDOTQid2WjOcOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856822657776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence Primer name Primer sequence (5′-3′) PCR condition
ITS2 S2F ATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAAT 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 56 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
S3R GACGCTTCTCCAGACTACAAT
psbA-trnH Fwd PA GTTATGCATGAACGTAATGCTC 95 ℃ 4 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 55 ℃ 1 min, 72 ℃ 1 min, 35 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
Rev TH CGCGCATGGTGGATTCACAATCC
matK KIM_3F CGTACAGTACTTTTGTGTTTACGAG 94 ℃ 1 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 52 ℃ 20 s, 72 ℃ 50 s, 35 cycles
72 ℃ 5 min
KIM_1R ACCCAGTCCATCTGGAAATCTTGGTTC
JYH JYH-F AGTGGTGGTCGTAACATTC 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 58 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
JYH-R TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
DX DX-F TGCAGAATCCCGTGAACCATC 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 56 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
DX-R TCAACCACCGAATGTCGTGGT
HH HH-F CACATCGTTGCCCCAATGCCA 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 56 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
HH-R GATGCTCCGTGGGTCACATAGT
), ArticleFig(id=1200378856961069813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers and PCR conditions used in the experiment (ITS2 annealing temperature of Lonicera japonica was adjusted to 58 ℃[22, 23])

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence Primer name Primer sequence (5′-3′) PCR condition
ITS2 S2F ATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAAT 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 56 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
S3R GACGCTTCTCCAGACTACAAT
psbA-trnH Fwd PA GTTATGCATGAACGTAATGCTC 95 ℃ 4 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 55 ℃ 1 min, 72 ℃ 1 min, 35 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
Rev TH CGCGCATGGTGGATTCACAATCC
matK KIM_3F CGTACAGTACTTTTGTGTTTACGAG 94 ℃ 1 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 52 ℃ 20 s, 72 ℃ 50 s, 35 cycles
72 ℃ 5 min
KIM_1R ACCCAGTCCATCTGGAAATCTTGGTTC
JYH JYH-F AGTGGTGGTCGTAACATTC 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 58 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
JYH-R TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
DX DX-F TGCAGAATCCCGTGAACCATC 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 56 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
DX-R TCAACCACCGAATGTCGTGGT
HH HH-F CACATCGTTGCCCCAATGCCA 94 ℃ 5 min
94 ℃ 30 s, 56 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 40 cycles
72 ℃ 10 min
HH-R GATGCTCCGTGGGTCACATAGT
), ArticleFig(id=1200378857107870457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample No. Name of herbal tea Ingredient on label Result of identification Sequence Authenticity
HC001 Dingxiang herbal tea-XLCT Eugenia caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC002 Gongdingxiang-LLJ E. caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC003 Gongdingxiang-HST E. caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC004 Dingxiang-ZHT E. caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC005 Zhizi dingxiang guihua herbal tea E. caryophyllata, Osmanthus fragrans, Gardenia jasminoides E. caryophyllata DX √
HC006 Dingxiang guihua herbal tea-YNSP E. caryophyllata, Fagopyrum tataricum, O. fragrans Syringa reticulata psbA-trnH
HC007 Dingxiang guihua herbal tea-YMCY E. caryophyllata, Taraxacum mongolicum, Arctium lappa, Citrus japonica, O. fragrans, Cassia obtusifolia Sy. reticulata psbA-trnH
HC008 Houtougu nuanwei herbal tea E. caryophyllata, Ci. medica, Hericium erinaceus, Ziziphus jujuba, Ci. reticulata, G. jasminoides, Crataegus pinnatifida, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Hordeum vulgare – –
HC009 Dingxiang houtougu shaji herbal tea E. caryophyllata, H. erinaceus, Hippophae rhamnoides, Z. jujuba, Ho. vulgare, Ci. medica, Cra. pinnatifida, Ci. reticulata, Dioscorea opposita, G. jasminoides – –
HC010 Dingxiang houtougu foshou shaji herbal tea E. caryophyllata, Ho. vulgare, Z. jujuba, Ci. reticulata, D. opposita, Gl. uralensis, Cra. pinnatifida, Hi. rhamnoides, G. jasminoides, Ci. medica, H. erinaceus, Poria cocos – –
HC011 Huaihua herbal tea-FM Sophora japonica Robinia pseudoacacia ITS2
HC012 Huaihua-ZHT S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC013 Huaihua-XLG S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC014 Huaihua-FSM S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC015 Huaihua-SYC S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC016 Damai huaihua herbal tea Ho. vulgare, S. japonica Ro. pseudoacacia ITS2
HC017 Juhuai lvcha herbal tea S. japonica, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Camellia sinensis S. japonica HH √
HC018 Moli huaihua herbal tea Cam. sinensis, Jasminum sambac, S. japonica, essence S. japonica HH √
HC019 Jinhuakui huaihua herbal tea Aurea helianthus, S. japonica, Zea mays, Ca. obtusifolia, Nelumbo nucifera, Ch. morifolium, Gl. uralensis, F. esculentum S. japonica HH √
HC020 Huaihua damai herbal tea S. japonica, J. sambac, Ho. vulgare – –
HC021 Houpohua-ZY Magnolia officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC022 Houpohua-JX M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC023 Houpohua-YZT M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC024 Houpohua-GL M. officinalis M. officinalis psbA-trnH √
HC025 Houpohua-CMY M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC026 Houpohua-ZB M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC027 Jingjiesui biandouhua houpohua M. officinalis, Lablab purpureus, Schizonepeta tenuifolia M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC028 Meiguihua candouhua yuxingcaohoupohua M. officinalis, Rosa rugosa, Vicia faba, Houttuynia cordata M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC029 Houpo huangqi baizhu herbal tea M. officinalis, Ci. aurantium, Areca catechu, Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Raphanus sativus M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC030 Sihua jieyutang herbal tea Prunus mume, R. rugosa, Paeonia lactiflora, P. cocos, Polygala tenuifolia, Gl. uralensis, Ci. medica, M. officinalis – –
HC031 Zanghonghua-ALJK Crocus sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC032 Zanghonghua-TMCS Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC033 Zanghonghua-ZRTY Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC034 Zanghonghua-EY Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC035 Zanghonghua-RZC Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC036 Zanghonghua-YCT Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC037 Zanghonghua-QQ Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC038 Zanghonghua-YL Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC039 Zanghonghua-BYT Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC040 Zanghonghua-XY Cr. sativus C. tinctorius ITS2
HC041 Meiguihua-FDH R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC042 Meiguihua herbal tea-ALJK R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC043 Meiguihua-ALJK R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC044 Meiguihua herbal tea-JGD R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC045 Meiguihua herbal tea-ZMPX R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC046 Cunyutang meiguihua R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC047 Meiguihualei R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC048 Meigui hongcha herbal tea Cam. sinensis, R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC049 Guiyuan hongzao gouqi herbal tea Dimocarpus longan, Z. jujuba, Lycium barbarum, R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC050 Juhua gouqi meigui R. rugosa, Ly. barbarum, Lilium lancifolium, Ch. morifolium MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC051 Ningmeng meigui herbal tea Ci. limon, T. mongolicum, Ch. morifolium, R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC052 Sanhua hongcha herbal tea J. sambac, R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium, Cam. sinensis MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC053 Guiyuan hongzao meigui herbal tea Z. jujuba, Ly. barbarum, Di. longan, R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC054 Sangshen fuling meigui herbal tea Morus alba, Z. jujuba, Saccharum sinensis, R. rugosa, P. cocos, Li. lancifolium MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC055 Cili meigui herbal tea Ho. vulgare, R. roxburghii, Z. jujuba, Mo. alba, R. rugosa, Ly. ruthenicum MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC057 Meigui ningmeng herbal tea Z. jujuba, Ci. limon, Mo. alba, Ly. barbarum, R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium, Sa. sinensis MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC056 Yangyandanban herbal tea R. rugosa, J. sambac, Ci. limon, Li. lancifolium, Ci. japonica MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC058 Meigui yangyan herbal tea R. rugosa, J. sambac, Pa. suffruticosa, Ch. morifolium, Li. lancifolium, Sa. sinensis MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC059 Fuling suanzaoren herbal tea Z. jujuba, P. cocos, D. opposita, Li. lancifolium, R. rugosa, Ho. vulgare MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC060 Meigui molihua herbal tea R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium, Sa. sinensis, Ly. barbarum, J. sambac, Ci. reticulata, Pa. suffruticosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC061 Jinyinhua-KM Lonicera japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC062 Jinyinhua herbal tea-JGD L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC063 Jinyinhua-TTTM L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC064 Jinyinhua-CYT L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC065 Jinyinhua-LLT L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC066 Jinyinhua herbal tea-FMY L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC067 Jinyinhua-CR L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC068 Jinyinhua herbal tea-LXY L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC069 Jinyinhua-DQZB L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC070 Jinyinhua-QYT L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC071 Jinyinhua-BCT L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC072 Jinyinhua-YFT L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC073 Jinyinhua-JJ L. japonica L. macranthoides JYH
HC074 Kechang jinyinhua L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC075 Jinyinhua-YGM L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC076 Jinyinhua-EN L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC077 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-RTZ Ch. morifolium, L. japonica, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ar. lappa, O. fragrans L. macranthoides JYH
HC078 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-MXL L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ci. japonica, T. mongolicum, Ar. lappa, Sa. sinensis L. japonica ITS2 √
HC079 Pangdahai luohanguo pipa herbal tea Sterculia lychnophora, Siraitia grosvenorii, Eriobotrya japonica, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, G. jasminoides,
Gl. uralensis, Sa. sinensis		 L. macranthoides ITS2
HC080 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-QWX Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ar. lappa, L. japonica, O. fragrans L. macranthoides ITS2
HC081 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-ML Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ar. lappa, L. japonica, Ci. japonica, T. mongolicum, Sa. sinensis L. macranthoides ITS2
HC082 Jinyinhua juhua herbal tea Sa. sinensis, Ly. barbarum, Ch. morifolium, L. japonica, Mo. alba, Gl. uralensis L. macranthoides ITS2
HC083 Juhua gouqi juemingzi herbal tea L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ci. japonica, T. mongolicum L. macranthoides ITS2
HC084 Juhua moli jinyinhua herbal tea-WLT L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, J. sambac L. macranthoides ITS2
HC085 Jinyinhua taiju pugongyin L. japonica, T. mongolicum, Ch. morifolium L. macranthoides ITS2
HC086 Juhua moli jinyinhua herbal tea-QY L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, J. sambac L. macranthoides ITS2
HC087 Luohanguo juhua herbal tea Si. grosvenorii, Ch. morifolium, T. mongolicum, L. japonica, Gl. uralensis L. macranthoides ITS2
HC088 Danzhuye juhua gancao herbal tea Lophatherum gracile, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Gl. uralensis, Ca. obtusifolia, Z. jujuba, Ly. barbarum L. japonica ITS2 √
HC089 Gouqi zhuye juhua herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, L. japonica, Lo. gracile, Ca. obtusifolia, Gl. uralensis L. japonica ITS2 √
HC090 Juhua juemingzi gouqi herbal tea Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ch. morifolium, Ar. lappa, L. japonica, O. fragrans – –
HC091 Honghua-HST Carthamus tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC092 Honghua-YSJP C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC093 Honghua-TTTM1 C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC094 Honghua-TTTM2 C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC095 Honghua-ZQT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC096 Honghua-SYD C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC097 Honghua-HJ C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC098 Honghua-GYT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC099 Honghua-YYT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC100 Honghua-BXPJ C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC101 Honghua-YMT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC102 Honghua-BYN C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC103 Honghua-XET C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC104 Honghua-MH C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC105 Honghua-SDDCC C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC106 Honghua-HRT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC107 Honghua-BSZB C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC108 Honghua-QY C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC109 Honghua-BFT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC110 Honghua-NN C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC111 Honghua-LHT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC112 Honghua-XZ C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC113 Honghua-SHYS C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC114 Honghua-XLZB C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC115 Honghua-ARYS C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC116 Honghua-JYYS C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC117 Honghua-MYX C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC118 Honghua-QHT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC119 Honghua-JBT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC120 Honghua-CTZB C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC121 Yejuhua-QYT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC122 Yejuhua-YNSZT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC123 Yejuhua-HLZB Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC124 Yejuhua-KLK Ch. indicum Artemisia sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC125 Yejuhua-SXT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC126 Qinling yeshengxiaojuhua Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC127 Yejuhua-LLR Ch. indicum MI: A. sieversiana
and Ch. indicum		 psbA-trnH
HC128 Yejuhua-YCBC Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC129 Yejuhua-MGYSC Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC130 Yejuhua-GQT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC131 Yejuhua-HYYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC132 Yejuhua-CSR Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC133 Xiaoxiang yejuhua-DLBZ Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC134 Yejuhua-XWYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC135 Yejuhua-YXT Ch. indicum A. sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC136 Huangshan Yejuhua herbal tea-YPYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC137 Huangshan Yejuhua herbal tea-WBYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC138 Yejuhua-YR Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC139 Yejuhua-GZSH Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC140 Yejuhua-SZZB Ch. indicum A. sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC141 Yejuhua-TRYCL Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC142 Yejuhua-QMPJ Ch. indicum A. sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC143 Yejuhua-ZYC Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC144 Yejuhua-GLHX Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC145 Yejuhua-XLJX Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC146 Yejuhua-GZXD Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC147 Yejuhua-FSGW Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC148 Yejuhua-TR Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC149 Yejuhua-XXNY Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC150 Yeshengjuhua-QSYY Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC151 Taiju-ZMPX Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC152 Hangbaiju-XHCY Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC153 Hangbaiju-ZHH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC154 Gongju-GYT Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC155 Taiju-PZX Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC156 Gongju-JGD Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC157 Taiju-ZYC Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC158 Taiju-ZJ Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC159 Hangbaiju-MYYH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC160 Juhua herbal tea-SZW Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC161 Juhua-BHC Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC162 Huangshangongju-YLZ Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC163 Taiju-TMCS Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC164 Taiju-XX Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC165 Taiju herbal tea-JLF Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC166 Xiaohuangju-QCBH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC167 Huangjuhua-LHL Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC168 Juhua-PS Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC169 Juhua-BMY Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC170 Juhua-HFT Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC171 Gongju herbal tea-MHBH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC172 Huangju gouqi herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC173 Juhua gouqi herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Sa. sinensis MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC174 Jinyinhua gouqi juhua herbal tea Ly. barbarum, Ch. morifolium, L. japonica MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC175 Juhua gouqi jinyinhua herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, L. japonica MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC176 Pugongying juhuacha herbal tea Ch. morifolium, L. japonica, Ly. barbarum, Gl. uralensis, T. mongolicum MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC177 Lianzixin juhua herbal tea N. nucifera, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Gl. uralensis, T. mongolicum MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC178 Pangdahai luohanguo pipa xueli herbal tea Ste. lychnophora, Si. grosvenorii, Er. japonica, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC179 Juhua herbal tea-WW Ch. morifolium, R. rugosa, Z. jujuba, J. sambac, Ly. barbarum, Sa. sinensis MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC180 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-MHBH Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Gl. uralensis, L. japonica, Ci. japonica, Lo. gracile MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
), ArticleFig(id=1200378857288225540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786459596161343, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sample list and DNA barcoding identification results. "-" indicates that there is no target component; "MI" refers to morphological identification; aRefers to dyed and weight-gaining samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample No. Name of herbal tea Ingredient on label Result of identification Sequence Authenticity
HC001 Dingxiang herbal tea-XLCT Eugenia caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC002 Gongdingxiang-LLJ E. caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC003 Gongdingxiang-HST E. caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC004 Dingxiang-ZHT E. caryophyllata E. caryophyllata DX √
HC005 Zhizi dingxiang guihua herbal tea E. caryophyllata, Osmanthus fragrans, Gardenia jasminoides E. caryophyllata DX √
HC006 Dingxiang guihua herbal tea-YNSP E. caryophyllata, Fagopyrum tataricum, O. fragrans Syringa reticulata psbA-trnH
HC007 Dingxiang guihua herbal tea-YMCY E. caryophyllata, Taraxacum mongolicum, Arctium lappa, Citrus japonica, O. fragrans, Cassia obtusifolia Sy. reticulata psbA-trnH
HC008 Houtougu nuanwei herbal tea E. caryophyllata, Ci. medica, Hericium erinaceus, Ziziphus jujuba, Ci. reticulata, G. jasminoides, Crataegus pinnatifida, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Hordeum vulgare – –
HC009 Dingxiang houtougu shaji herbal tea E. caryophyllata, H. erinaceus, Hippophae rhamnoides, Z. jujuba, Ho. vulgare, Ci. medica, Cra. pinnatifida, Ci. reticulata, Dioscorea opposita, G. jasminoides – –
HC010 Dingxiang houtougu foshou shaji herbal tea E. caryophyllata, Ho. vulgare, Z. jujuba, Ci. reticulata, D. opposita, Gl. uralensis, Cra. pinnatifida, Hi. rhamnoides, G. jasminoides, Ci. medica, H. erinaceus, Poria cocos – –
HC011 Huaihua herbal tea-FM Sophora japonica Robinia pseudoacacia ITS2
HC012 Huaihua-ZHT S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC013 Huaihua-XLG S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC014 Huaihua-FSM S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC015 Huaihua-SYC S. japonica S. japonica HH √
HC016 Damai huaihua herbal tea Ho. vulgare, S. japonica Ro. pseudoacacia ITS2
HC017 Juhuai lvcha herbal tea S. japonica, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Camellia sinensis S. japonica HH √
HC018 Moli huaihua herbal tea Cam. sinensis, Jasminum sambac, S. japonica, essence S. japonica HH √
HC019 Jinhuakui huaihua herbal tea Aurea helianthus, S. japonica, Zea mays, Ca. obtusifolia, Nelumbo nucifera, Ch. morifolium, Gl. uralensis, F. esculentum S. japonica HH √
HC020 Huaihua damai herbal tea S. japonica, J. sambac, Ho. vulgare – –
HC021 Houpohua-ZY Magnolia officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC022 Houpohua-JX M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC023 Houpohua-YZT M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC024 Houpohua-GL M. officinalis M. officinalis psbA-trnH √
HC025 Houpohua-CMY M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC026 Houpohua-ZB M. officinalis M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC027 Jingjiesui biandouhua houpohua M. officinalis, Lablab purpureus, Schizonepeta tenuifolia M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC028 Meiguihua candouhua yuxingcaohoupohua M. officinalis, Rosa rugosa, Vicia faba, Houttuynia cordata M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC029 Houpo huangqi baizhu herbal tea M. officinalis, Ci. aurantium, Areca catechu, Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Raphanus sativus M. delavayi psbA-trnH
HC030 Sihua jieyutang herbal tea Prunus mume, R. rugosa, Paeonia lactiflora, P. cocos, Polygala tenuifolia, Gl. uralensis, Ci. medica, M. officinalis – –
HC031 Zanghonghua-ALJK Crocus sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC032 Zanghonghua-TMCS Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC033 Zanghonghua-ZRTY Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC034 Zanghonghua-EY Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC035 Zanghonghua-RZC Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC036 Zanghonghua-YCT Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC037 Zanghonghua-QQ Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC038 Zanghonghua-YL Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC039 Zanghonghua-BYT Cr. sativus Cr. sativus ITS2 √
HC040 Zanghonghua-XY Cr. sativus C. tinctorius ITS2
HC041 Meiguihua-FDH R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC042 Meiguihua herbal tea-ALJK R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC043 Meiguihua-ALJK R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC044 Meiguihua herbal tea-JGD R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC045 Meiguihua herbal tea-ZMPX R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC046 Cunyutang meiguihua R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC047 Meiguihualei R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC048 Meigui hongcha herbal tea Cam. sinensis, R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC049 Guiyuan hongzao gouqi herbal tea Dimocarpus longan, Z. jujuba, Lycium barbarum, R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC050 Juhua gouqi meigui R. rugosa, Ly. barbarum, Lilium lancifolium, Ch. morifolium MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC051 Ningmeng meigui herbal tea Ci. limon, T. mongolicum, Ch. morifolium, R. rugosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC052 Sanhua hongcha herbal tea J. sambac, R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium, Cam. sinensis MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC053 Guiyuan hongzao meigui herbal tea Z. jujuba, Ly. barbarum, Di. longan, R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC054 Sangshen fuling meigui herbal tea Morus alba, Z. jujuba, Saccharum sinensis, R. rugosa, P. cocos, Li. lancifolium MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC055 Cili meigui herbal tea Ho. vulgare, R. roxburghii, Z. jujuba, Mo. alba, R. rugosa, Ly. ruthenicum MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC057 Meigui ningmeng herbal tea Z. jujuba, Ci. limon, Mo. alba, Ly. barbarum, R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium, Sa. sinensis MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC056 Yangyandanban herbal tea R. rugosa, J. sambac, Ci. limon, Li. lancifolium, Ci. japonica MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC058 Meigui yangyan herbal tea R. rugosa, J. sambac, Pa. suffruticosa, Ch. morifolium, Li. lancifolium, Sa. sinensis MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC059 Fuling suanzaoren herbal tea Z. jujuba, P. cocos, D. opposita, Li. lancifolium, R. rugosa, Ho. vulgare MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC060 Meigui molihua herbal tea R. rugosa, Ch. morifolium, Sa. sinensis, Ly. barbarum, J. sambac, Ci. reticulata, Pa. suffruticosa MI: R. rugosa matK √
HC061 Jinyinhua-KM Lonicera japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC062 Jinyinhua herbal tea-JGD L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC063 Jinyinhua-TTTM L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC064 Jinyinhua-CYT L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC065 Jinyinhua-LLT L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC066 Jinyinhua herbal tea-FMY L. japonica L. japonica ITS2 √
HC067 Jinyinhua-CR L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC068 Jinyinhua herbal tea-LXY L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC069 Jinyinhua-DQZB L. japonica L. macranthoides ITS2
HC070 Jinyinhua-QYT L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC071 Jinyinhua-BCT L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC072 Jinyinhua-YFT L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC073 Jinyinhua-JJ L. japonica L. macranthoides JYH
HC074 Kechang jinyinhua L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC075 Jinyinhua-YGM L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC076 Jinyinhua-EN L. japonica L. japonica JYH √
HC077 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-RTZ Ch. morifolium, L. japonica, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ar. lappa, O. fragrans L. macranthoides JYH
HC078 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-MXL L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ci. japonica, T. mongolicum, Ar. lappa, Sa. sinensis L. japonica ITS2 √
HC079 Pangdahai luohanguo pipa herbal tea Sterculia lychnophora, Siraitia grosvenorii, Eriobotrya japonica, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, G. jasminoides,
Gl. uralensis, Sa. sinensis		 L. macranthoides ITS2
HC080 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-QWX Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ar. lappa, L. japonica, O. fragrans L. macranthoides ITS2
HC081 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-ML Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ar. lappa, L. japonica, Ci. japonica, T. mongolicum, Sa. sinensis L. macranthoides ITS2
HC082 Jinyinhua juhua herbal tea Sa. sinensis, Ly. barbarum, Ch. morifolium, L. japonica, Mo. alba, Gl. uralensis L. macranthoides ITS2
HC083 Juhua gouqi juemingzi herbal tea L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ci. japonica, T. mongolicum L. macranthoides ITS2
HC084 Juhua moli jinyinhua herbal tea-WLT L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, J. sambac L. macranthoides ITS2
HC085 Jinyinhua taiju pugongyin L. japonica, T. mongolicum, Ch. morifolium L. macranthoides ITS2
HC086 Juhua moli jinyinhua herbal tea-QY L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, J. sambac L. macranthoides ITS2
HC087 Luohanguo juhua herbal tea Si. grosvenorii, Ch. morifolium, T. mongolicum, L. japonica, Gl. uralensis L. macranthoides ITS2
HC088 Danzhuye juhua gancao herbal tea Lophatherum gracile, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Gl. uralensis, Ca. obtusifolia, Z. jujuba, Ly. barbarum L. japonica ITS2 √
HC089 Gouqi zhuye juhua herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, L. japonica, Lo. gracile, Ca. obtusifolia, Gl. uralensis L. japonica ITS2 √
HC090 Juhua juemingzi gouqi herbal tea Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Ch. morifolium, Ar. lappa, L. japonica, O. fragrans – –
HC091 Honghua-HST Carthamus tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC092 Honghua-YSJP C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC093 Honghua-TTTM1 C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC094 Honghua-TTTM2 C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC095 Honghua-ZQT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC096 Honghua-SYD C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC097 Honghua-HJ C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC098 Honghua-GYT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC099 Honghua-YYT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC100 Honghua-BXPJ C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC101 Honghua-YMT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC102 Honghua-BYN C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC103 Honghua-XET C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC104 Honghua-MH C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC105 Honghua-SDDCC C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC106 Honghua-HRT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC107 Honghua-BSZB C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC108 Honghua-QY C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC109 Honghua-BFT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC110 Honghua-NN C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC111 Honghua-LHT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC112 Honghua-XZ C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC113 Honghua-SHYS C. tinctorius MI: C. tinctorius a ITS2 √
HC114 Honghua-XLZB C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC115 Honghua-ARYS C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC116 Honghua-JYYS C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC117 Honghua-MYX C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC118 Honghua-QHT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC119 Honghua-JBT C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC120 Honghua-CTZB C. tinctorius C. tinctorius ITS2 √
HC121 Yejuhua-QYT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC122 Yejuhua-YNSZT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC123 Yejuhua-HLZB Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC124 Yejuhua-KLK Ch. indicum Artemisia sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC125 Yejuhua-SXT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC126 Qinling yeshengxiaojuhua Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC127 Yejuhua-LLR Ch. indicum MI: A. sieversiana
and Ch. indicum		 psbA-trnH
HC128 Yejuhua-YCBC Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC129 Yejuhua-MGYSC Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC130 Yejuhua-GQT Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC131 Yejuhua-HYYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC132 Yejuhua-CSR Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC133 Xiaoxiang yejuhua-DLBZ Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC134 Yejuhua-XWYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC135 Yejuhua-YXT Ch. indicum A. sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC136 Huangshan Yejuhua herbal tea-YPYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC137 Huangshan Yejuhua herbal tea-WBYS Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC138 Yejuhua-YR Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC139 Yejuhua-GZSH Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC140 Yejuhua-SZZB Ch. indicum A. sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC141 Yejuhua-TRYCL Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC142 Yejuhua-QMPJ Ch. indicum A. sieversiana psbA-trnH
HC143 Yejuhua-ZYC Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC144 Yejuhua-GLHX Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC145 Yejuhua-XLJX Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC146 Yejuhua-GZXD Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC147 Yejuhua-FSGW Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC148 Yejuhua-TR Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC149 Yejuhua-XXNY Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC150 Yeshengjuhua-QSYY Ch. indicum MI: Ch. indicum psbA-trnH √
HC151 Taiju-ZMPX Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC152 Hangbaiju-XHCY Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC153 Hangbaiju-ZHH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC154 Gongju-GYT Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC155 Taiju-PZX Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC156 Gongju-JGD Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC157 Taiju-ZYC Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC158 Taiju-ZJ Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC159 Hangbaiju-MYYH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC160 Juhua herbal tea-SZW Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC161 Juhua-BHC Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC162 Huangshangongju-YLZ Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC163 Taiju-TMCS Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC164 Taiju-XX Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC165 Taiju herbal tea-JLF Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC166 Xiaohuangju-QCBH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC167 Huangjuhua-LHL Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC168 Juhua-PS Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC169 Juhua-BMY Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC170 Juhua-HFT Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC171 Gongju herbal tea-MHBH Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC172 Huangju gouqi herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC173 Juhua gouqi herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Sa. sinensis MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC174 Jinyinhua gouqi juhua herbal tea Ly. barbarum, Ch. morifolium, L. japonica MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC175 Juhua gouqi jinyinhua herbal tea Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, L. japonica MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC176 Pugongying juhuacha herbal tea Ch. morifolium, L. japonica, Ly. barbarum, Gl. uralensis, T. mongolicum MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC177 Lianzixin juhua herbal tea N. nucifera, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium, Gl. uralensis, T. mongolicum MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC178 Pangdahai luohanguo pipa xueli herbal tea Ste. lychnophora, Si. grosvenorii, Er. japonica, L. japonica, Ch. morifolium MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC179 Juhua herbal tea-WW Ch. morifolium, R. rugosa, Z. jujuba, J. sambac, Ly. barbarum, Sa. sinensis MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
HC180 Juhua juemingzi herbal tea-MHBH Ch. morifolium, Ly. barbarum, Ca. obtusifolia, Gl. uralensis, L. japonica, Ci. japonica, Lo. gracile MI: Ch. morifolium psbA-trnH √
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市售药食同源保健花茶物种鉴定研究
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孙靖 1, # , 黄子怡 1, # , 李思齐 1 , 李余芳 1 , 胡艳 1 , 郭世文 1 , 胡格 1 , 申传璞 1 , 杨芙蓉 1 , 林余霖 2 , 辛天怡 2, * , 浦香东 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(9): 2612-2624
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(9): 2612-2624
市售药食同源保健花茶物种鉴定研究
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孙靖1, #, 黄子怡1, #, 李思齐1, 李余芳1, 胡艳1, 郭世文1, 胡格1, 申传璞1, 杨芙蓉1, 林余霖2, 辛天怡2, * , 浦香东1, *
作者信息
  • 1.安徽医科大学药学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
  • 2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 北京 100193

通讯作者:

*辛天怡, E-mail: ;
浦香东, E-mail:
Research on species identification of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal tea
Jing SUN1, Zi-yi HUANG1, Si-qi LI1, Yu-fang LI1, Yan HU1, Shi-wen GUO1, Ge HU1, Chuan-pu SHEN1, Fu-rong YANG1, Yu-lin LIN2, Tian-yi XIN2, * , Xiang-dong PU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
  • 2. Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2024-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0331
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摘要
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掺伪混伪严重影响药材质量, 进而危及人类健康。药食同源保健食品属于中药衍生物, 相比于药物而言, 其更易获取且贴近消费者生活。然而, 市售药食同源保健食品中的中药组分真伪鉴定尚未引起重视, 且无明确标准可依, 急需开展系统性研究。本研究基于DNA条形码分子鉴定技术, 结合ITS2、psbA-trnH、matK通用条形码序列及DX、HH、JYH特异性条形码序列对市售药食两用保健花茶真伪进行鉴定, 旨在对市场上流通的药食同源保健花茶产品真伪情况进行调查。研究结果显示: 180份市售产品中共有164份样品成功获得DNA条形码序列, 其余样品因无目标组分或DNA存在降解, 无法获得扩增产物。结合性状鉴定研究发现180份样品中共有141份为正品, 占总样品量的78.33%; 31份样品存在掺伪现象, 8份样品无目标组分, 共占总样品量的21.67%。此外, 水试研究发现, 5份红花花茶样品存在红花掺重现象。本研究揭示药食同源保健花茶产品质量存在掺伪及掺重情况, 提示监管部门应该加速药食同源保健食品领域质量标准的建立, 为药食同源保健食品产业的快速发展提供参考。

药食同源  /  中药花茶  /  分子鉴定  /  DNA条形码  /  真伪

The adulteration and counterfeiting of herbal ingredients in medicinal and food homology (MFH) have a serious impact on the quality of herbal materials, thereby endangering human health. Compared to pharmaceutical drugs, health products derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are more easily accessible and closely integrated into consumers' daily life. However, the authentication of the authenticity of TCM ingredients in MFH has not received sufficient attention. The lack of clear standards emphasizes the necessity of conducting systematic research in this area. This study utilized DNA barcoding technology, combining ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK as universal barcode sequences, and DX, HH, JYH as specific barcode sequences, to identify the authenticity of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal teas. The aim was to investigate the authenticity of scented herbal tea products circulating in the market. The research results revealed that among 180 scented herbal tea samples, DNA barcodes were successfully obtained from 164 samples, while the remaining samples either lacked the target components or suffered severe DNA degradation, resulting in failed amplification. Combined with morphological identification studies, it was found that out of the 180 samples, 141 were authentic, accounting for 78.33% of the total samples, while 31 samples showed adulteration and 8 samples lacked the target components, accounting for 21.67% of the total samples. Additionally, water testing revealed that 5 samples of Carthamus tinctorius herbal tea exhibited the phenomenon of weight adulteration. This study exposed the presence of adulteration and weight adulteration in scented herbal tea products, highlighting the need for regulatory authorities to expedite the establishment of quality standards in scented herbal tea industry. These findings provide valuable insights for the rapid development of the scented herbal tea industry.

medicinal and food homology  /  scented herbal tea  /  molecular identification  /  DNA barcode  /  authenticity
孙靖, 黄子怡, 李思齐, 李余芳, 胡艳, 郭世文, 胡格, 申传璞, 杨芙蓉, 林余霖, 辛天怡, 浦香东. 市售药食同源保健花茶物种鉴定研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2612 -2624 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0331
Jing SUN, Zi-yi HUANG, Si-qi LI, Yu-fang LI, Yan HU, Shi-wen GUO, Ge HU, Chuan-pu SHEN, Fu-rong YANG, Yu-lin LIN, Tian-yi XIN, Xiang-dong PU. Research on species identification of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal tea[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2612 -2624 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0331
正文
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药食同源保健食品是人类在长期生产和生活实践中逐渐发现的一类既具有疾病预防功效又可以作为食物食用的物品[1]。这些物品体现了中医药和饮食文化密切相关的特点, 将药物养生和日常饮食之间的界限模糊化, 提倡通过食疗来调节机体状态、预防疾病[2]。药茶作为药食同源保健食品之一, 在展现茶文化特色的同时又能够综合人们对保健养生的需求和对快节奏生活适应的需要, 在众多类型的药茶中, 又以花茶的人气最为高涨。花茶因其特殊的香气和养生保健功效深受人们的青睐, 如玫瑰花具有美容养颜、延缓衰老及行气解郁、和血止痛等作用[3]; 槐花具有凉血止血、清肝泻火等功效[4]。然而, 由于药茶产业在近些年来才发展到一定规模, 行业标准不够完善, 市场对花茶的监督管理也不能很好地把控其安全与品质。虽然自2013年开展全国中药材及饮片质量抽检工作以来, 中药材及饮片质量持续向好, 但仍存在品种混用与掺伪、染色增重、重金属与农药残留超标等问题[5]。若此类问题出现在花茶产品中, 将会严重威胁到消费群众的健康, 使得花茶与其原本的保健目的背道而驰。花茶作为中药药食同源保健食品中的明星产品, 其真伪与品质的把控同中药安全性、传承与创新发展密不可分。健全花茶相关质量标准, 维护公众健康, 进一步保障消费者安全成为了亟需推进的一项工作。
中药安全性是关系到人类健康的重大战略问题, 现已成为阻碍其现代化发展的“瓶颈”, 中药掺伪是影响中药安全性的问题之一[6]。在传统的中药材真伪鉴定中, 常采用的方法是基原鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定及理化鉴定。然而, 传统的鉴定方法存在一定局限性, 难以对来源复杂、缺少鉴别特点的物种及其掺杂物进行准确快速的鉴定[7], DNA条形码技术的发展为中药鉴定及生物分类提供了高效技术手段[8]。“中药材DNA条形码分子鉴定法指导原则”已被收载于《中华人民共和国药典》 (2020年版)[9], 目前DNA条形码分子鉴定技术已广泛应用于种子种苗鉴定, 如重楼种子种苗[10]、柴胡种子[11]等; 基原物种鉴定, 如刺五加[12]、石斛[13]等; 中药材及饮片鉴定, 如八角莲药材[14]、延胡索饮片[15]等; 中成药鉴定, 如龙胆泻肝丸[16]、青果丸[17]等。综上所述, DNA条形码技术在中药全产业链中均有应用[18], 在种质选择、生物分类、质量监管、药物评价等领域都发挥着重要作用[19], 为探究其在药食同源保健食品领域的适用性及准确性, 本研究拟采用此方法对市售药食同源保健花茶进行鉴定。
本研究以国家卫生健康委员会食品安全标准与监测评估司发布的2002年卫生部关于进一步规范保健食品原料管理的通知(卫法监发 [2002]51号)、《关于当归等6种新增按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质公告》 (2019年第8号) 为参考依据进行花类中药的选择, 其中包括丁香、代代花、白扁豆花、金银花、菊花、槐花、玫瑰花、红花、厚朴花、野菊花、西红花共11种花类中药, 进一步结合中国药典(2020年版) 选定丁香、金银花、菊花、槐花、西红花、红花、玫瑰花、厚朴花、野菊花共9种花类中药作为研究对象(图 1)。本研究对以上9种花类中药的药茶产品开展分子鉴定研究, 旨在对市场上流通的药食同源保健花茶产品真伪情况进行调查, 以促进中药药食同源保健花茶产业的健康发展。
材料与方法
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材料  根据选定的9种花类中药, 通过国内主流电商平台随机购买药食同源保健花茶样品, 其中丁香、槐花、厚朴花、西红花花茶产品各采购10份; 玫瑰花花茶产品采购20份; 金银花、红花、菊花、野菊花花茶产品各采购30份。所有花茶样品按照组分进行分类, 其中单一组分花茶样品129份, 多组分花茶样品51份, 共计180份, 编号为HC001~HC180。
仪器  恒温鼓风干燥箱(DGT-G250, 合肥悦迦医学科技有限公司); 全自动样品冷冻研磨仪(JXFSTPRP-CLN, 上海净信实业发展有限公司); 移液枪(Eppendorf, 德国艾本德股份公司); 数显恒温水浴锅(HH-2, 上海析达仪器有限公司); 冷冻高速离心机(Fresco17) 和PCR仪(ABI MiniAmp Thermal Cycle), 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司; 电子天平(FA1004, 力辰仪器科技有限公司); 电泳仪(通用伯乐, 美国Bio-Rad公司); 凝胶成像分析仪(WD-9403A, 北京六一生物科技有限公司)。
试剂  植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒(北京天根生化科技有限公司); Taq PCR Master Mix (2×) PCR扩增试剂(北京艾德莱生物科技有限公司); 50×TAE电泳液(北京天净沙基因科技有限公司); DNA染色液、DL 1000 DNA Marker (宝日医生物技术有限公司); 琼脂糖(北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 引物ITS2、psbA-trnH、matK、DX、HH、JYH (合肥通用生物科技有限公司)。
DNA提取  参考中国药典(2020年版) “中药材DNA条形码分子鉴定法指导原则”[9]中花类中药材的提取方法, 采用植物基因组提取试剂盒对样品中花类中药进行DNA提取。
对于单一组分花茶样品, 首先将花茶样品置于恒温鼓风干燥箱中干燥3~6 h, 待样品完全干燥后, 约取100 mg样品加入到放有2枚钢珠的2.0 mL离心管中, 使用全自动样品冷冻研磨仪(频率为60 Hz, 45 s, 重复6~10次) 将样品磨成细粉; 称取25~35 mg粉末样品至2.0 mL离心管中, 进行基因组DNA提取。
对于多组分花茶样品, 首先在植物分类学专家的指导下, 对含有多物种的花茶样品进行分类, 从中筛选出目标花类中药, 并按照上述单一组分花茶DNA提取方法进行处理。
DNA条形码序列获得  DNA条形码序列扩增体系为25.0 μL体系: 2×Taq PCR Master Mix 12.5 μL、正反向引物(2.5 μmol·L-1) 各1.0 μL、DNA样品溶液通常为1.0 μL (DNA浓度较低或DNA质量较差时可增加至2.0 μL)、无菌超纯水根据DNA样品添加量进行调整, 补足至最终的PCR反应体系。丁香、槐花、西红花、金银花、红花使用ITS2序列扩增; 菊花、野菊花样品使用psbA-trnH序列扩增; 玫瑰花使用ITS2序列通用引物扩增难以与其混伪品月季、蔷薇等区分开, 故使用matK序列扩增[20]; 厚朴花使用ITS2序列通用引物扩增困难, 故使用psbA-trnH序列扩增[21]。针对重复3次(重新提取DNA及重复扩增3次) 仍无法获得DNA条形码序列的样品(其中包括丁香、部分槐花和部分金银花), 设计特异性短引物DX-F/DX-R (基于GenBank: LC435390.1序列设计得到)、HH-F/HH-R (基于《中国药典中药材DNA条形码标准序列》[21]中槐花ITS2序列设计得到)、JYH-F/JYH-R[22]对其进行扩增, 所有样品序列通用引物及反应程序见表 1[23]。
物种判定  PCR产物采用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测, 将存在特异性条带的样品进行Sanger测序, 测序结果经Geneious拼接除去测序两端质量较低部分后与《中国药典中药材DNA条形码标准序列》中收录的标准序列进行比对, 同时结合NCBI数据库收录的序列信息进行物种判定。对于金银花样品, 使用金银花短引物扩增的样品存在特异性SNP位点可用于验证其与其伪品山银花[22], 对于不能获得DNA条形码序列或DNA条形码分子鉴定结果存在多个同属近缘物种的样本, 由中国医学科学院药用植物研究所林余霖研究员及安徽医科大学申传璞副教授进行性状鉴定, 判定其基原物种。
掺重红花的水试鉴定  取掺重红花样品50.0 mg, 放置于试管中, 加入5.0 mL超纯水, 静置24 h后观察水溶液颜色以及实验样品沉降情况[24]。同时, 取5份等量红花对照药材, 按照相同的方法处理, 观察其与掺重红花样品水试鉴定的异同。
结果
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1 市售药食同源保健花茶的基本信息统计分析
本研究共收集药食同源保健花茶样品180份, 其中有15份样品无保质期和生产日期, 7份样品仅有保质期, 3份样品仅有生产日期, 共计25份样品不符合《中华人民共和国食品安全法》中对保质期和生产日期的规定。经专家性状鉴定辅助挑选, 10份市售丁香花茶中, 有5份样品无法挑出丁香, 其中2份丁香花茶产品中存在丁香叶类似物(2份产品中有1份明确在其配料表中列出丁香叶), 其产品名称体现的是丁香, 但是实际使用的却是丁香叶, 存在混淆; 10份市售槐花花茶中有1份无法挑出槐花; 10份市售厚朴花花茶中有1份无法挑出厚朴花; 30份市售金银花花茶中有1份无法挑出金银花, 共8份样品无目标组分(表 2)。
2 市售药食同源保健花茶DNA条形码序列获取
经过基本信息统计分析后, 除去无目标组分的样品, 共有172份样品可以继续进行实验研究; 同时, 为探究2份疑似存在丁香叶的丁香花茶样品的物种归属, 本研究将其二者纳入后续鉴定, 故对以上共174份样品进行DNA提取及PCR扩增, 最终共有164份样品成功获得PCR扩增产物, 占总样品的91.11%, PCR产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测、进行双向测序及序列处理后获得DNA条形码序列。其余10份样品多次重复仍无法获得扩增产物, 其中包括红花样品5份、玫瑰花样品5份, 推测其基因组DNA严重降解, 后续将采取性状鉴定的方法确定其基原, 具体鉴定流程见图 2。
3 市售药食同源保健花茶DNA条形码分子鉴定及性状鉴定
对上述成功获得DNA条形码的164份样品进行分子鉴定, 分析结果显示: 丁香样品中5份鉴定结果为正品丁香Eugenia caryophyllata, 2份丁香叶类似物鉴定结果为暴马丁香Syringa reticulata; 槐花样品中7份鉴定结果为正品槐花Sophora japonica, 2份鉴定结果为伪品刺槐花Robinia pseudoacacia; 厚朴花样品中仅1份鉴定结果为正品厚朴花Magnolia officinalis, 8份鉴定结果为伪品山木兰花M. delavayi; 西红花样品中9份鉴定结果为正品西红花Crocus sativus, 1份鉴定结果为伪品红花Carthamus tinctorius; 金银花样品中14份鉴定结果为金银花正品Lonicera japonica, 15份鉴定结果为伪品山银花L. macranthoides; 红花样品中25份鉴定结果为红花正品C. tinctorius; 野菊花样品中4份鉴定结果为大籽蒿Artemisia sieversiana。经统计分析, 共93份样品经过DNA条形码分子鉴定可以确定其基原物种, 其余71份样品分子鉴定分析结果包含中国药典中收录相应物种的基原物种及其同属近缘物种, 在分子水平难以区分。针对这些样品, 本研究采取分子鉴定定属外加专家性状鉴定定种的策略进行基原物种鉴定, 从而确保其结果的可靠性, 主要涉及的样品有菊花、野菊花、玫瑰花。30份菊花样品经分子鉴定均归属于菊属物种, 经性状鉴定30份样品均为正品菊花; 26份野菊花样品经分子鉴定可归为菊属物种, 经性状鉴定25份样品均为正品野菊花, 其中1份样品较为特殊, 从性状上看明显为野菊花与另一物种的混合样品, 结合性状鉴定对其中另一组分进行分子鉴定, 结果显示其为大籽蒿, 故该样品同时存在野菊花与大籽蒿; 20份玫瑰花样品中15份成功扩增并归属于蔷薇属物种, 经性状鉴定均为正品玫瑰花。此外, 5份无法获得扩增产物的玫瑰花样品和5份无法获得扩增产物的红花样品, 经性状鉴定亦为正品, 所有样品掺伪情况统计见图 3B, 详细鉴定结果见表 2。
4 特异性短引物的设计及应用
在上述成功获得DNA条形码的164份样品中, 共有20份样品使用通用引物扩增无法获得扩增产物, 其中包括5份丁香样品、7份槐花样品及8份金银花样品。针对难以利用通用引物扩增的实验样品, 本研究在通用DNA条形码序列的基础上设计了特异性短引物DX-F/DX-R、HH-F/HH-R、JYH-F/JYH-R, 用以扩增特异性DNA条形码短序列, 从而实现DNA降解样品的分子鉴定。特异性短引物的应用结果如下: 三对特异性短引物均能实现对应组分(分别为丁香、槐花、金银花) 特异性DNA条形码短序列的扩增, PCR扩增效率均为100%, PCR扩增产物经测序及序列比对后均可以确定物种来源, 说明该片段适用于目标组分的分子鉴定。由此可见, 特异性短引物的开发与利用将大大提高分子鉴定的效率, 尤其适用于存在DNA降解的样品。
5 红花样品染色掺重情况分析
在20份红花花茶样品中存在5份(编号分别为HC097、HC100、HC105、HC108、HC113) 样品, 通过性状鉴定发现其与同批购买的其他红花样品相比, 质地较重且有较为明显的扎手感。水试研究发现: 相同质量的正品红花对照药材HC091~HC095体积明显大于HC097、HC100、HC105、HC108、HC113, 静置后如图 4所示HC091~HC095溶液颜色均一且为金黄色, 红花漂浮于水面, 无明显褪色现象产生; 而HC097、HC100、HC105、HC108、HC113溶液颜色显橙黄色或橙色且红花全部沉于试管底部, 呈现出明显的褪色现象。综合性状鉴定及水试结果可以判断HC097、HC100、HC105、HC108、HC113为染色增重红花, 样品DNA或受其增重染色等加工处理严重降解, 故难以扩增并进行分子鉴定。
讨论
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肖培根院士团队曾追溯东西方药食同源文化, 指出安全性和生物活性是人们接受药食同源产品跨文化交流的前提[2], 中药伪品的存在严重影响药食同源保健花茶的品质与安全, 阻碍了其现代化和国际化发展进程。本研究通过收集180份市售花茶样品并对其花类中药进行真伪鉴定, 结合DNA条形码鉴定及性状鉴定结果, 180份样品中共有141份为正品, 占总样品量的78.33%; 31份样品存在掺伪现象, 8份样品无目标组分, 共占总样品量的21.67%。本研究为中药药食同源保健食品的开发及高质量发展提供重要参考价值。
本研究在对样品进行基本信息统计时发现, 购买的药食同源保健花茶中存在部分样品无保质期和生产日期的现象。虽然中药原料没有明确全面的有效期规定[25], 但药食同源保健花茶作为一类具有食品属性的商品, 应当符合食品和商品的要求准则, 从法律角度看, “标注保质期”是食品合格的根本要求, 是衡量食品质量安全的一个重要指标[26], 因此, 药食同源保健食品行业对于其产品的保质期和生产日期应当有明确的描述。此外, 混合类花茶中存在由于商品名表述不清而导致的理解偏差和名称易混淆的现象, 如商品名为“丁香茶”的样品, 因其未注明具体使用部位, 单从名称来看无法确定是“丁香花”还是“丁香叶”, 但中国药典(2020年版) 规定, 丁香为桃金娘科植物丁香E. caryophyllata的干燥花蕾, 故丁香茶中的“丁香”应指代“丁香花”。依据实际购买的丁香茶样品, 有两份不存在丁香花蕾, 从性状上看明显为某植物的叶片, 两份样品中更有一份样品直接在其配料表中列出丁香叶, 此类商品应特别注明为“丁香叶茶”, 以防混淆。
通过调查研究发现, 丁香常见伪品有桃金娘科植物大叶丁香Syzygium caryophyllatum的干燥花蕾以及樟科植物肉桂Cinnamomum cassia干燥带宿萼的未成熟果实肉桂子[27]; 槐花常见混伪品为同科植物刺槐Ro. pseudoacacia的干燥花[28]; 厚朴花常见伪品为木兰科植物山玉兰M. delavayi的干燥花及花蕾[29]; 西红花常见伪品为菊科植物红花C. tinctorius的干燥花等[30]; 玫瑰花常见伪品为月季花R. chinensis、钝叶蔷薇R. sertata等[31]; 红花常见伪品为经染色后的菊科植物舌状花[32]; 金银花常见伪品为山银花[33]; 野菊花常见伪品有甘菊Ch. lavandulifolium、甘野菊Ch. seticuspe和委陵菊Ch. potentilloides三种[34]。本研究中出现的掺伪情况与上述调查研究结果基本吻合, 但也存在较为特殊的情况, 研究发现在丁香茶样品中检测到伪品暴马丁香、在野菊花茶样品中检测到伪品大籽蒿, 这些情况在以往的文献中未见报道, 值得从业人员关注。除上述掺伪现象外, 本研究发现5份红花样品存在染色掺伪与重量掺伪现象, 其性状鉴定及水试结果与刘攀颜[24]发现的染色增重红花基本一致。利益驱使导致了掺伪现象频发, 防治掺伪现象要从多方面入手, 除制定相应法规、加大检验力度外, 也应加强对相关从业人员的专业培训, 从源头上杜绝掺伪的发生。
在实际研究过程中还存在由于药用植物名称的变更导致公共数据库信息混乱的现象, 例如在NCBI数据库中对槐花测序结果的拼接序列进行比对时出现了比对结果与S. japonica和Styphnolobium japonicum匹配度均为100%的现象, 通过对中国植物志的研究发现S. japonica为槐花的曾用名, 但现已被更新为St. japonicum。在中国植物志中对本研究包含的九种花类中药进行名称检索, 发现槐花、丁香、厚朴花、玫瑰花、金银花、菊花、野菊花都存在两个或多个名称。中药基原植物名称的变更在一定程度上使得序列比对结果容易发生混淆。因此, 本研究建议在进行公共数据库数据比对时应以中国药典为金标准, 同时关注《中国植物志》的名称变更问题。
此外, 国家相关政策的发行、相关规定的研读、药食同源保健食品名单的纳入纳出也需要科研人员加大关注。例如, 在《关于当归等6种新增按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质公告》 (2019年第8号) 将西红花纳入药食同源物品名单时, 备注其仅作为香辛料和调味品, 在香辛料和调味品中又称“藏红花”。但目前市场上仍然存在大量将西红花用作茶产品原料的现象, 这种现象的存在一方面是由于相关从业人员对药食同源保健食品重视程度不够, 忽视了细节性问题, 另一方面是由于对相关领域的把控力度不足, 对药食同源保健食品的科学研究不深, 投入低。对于此类问题, 十四届全国人大二次会议中张伯礼院士建议, 应增加对药食同源保健食品研究和开发的投入, 提高品质和知名度, 应该明确列出不能作为药食同源保健食品的负面清单, 加强药食同源保健食品的文献、临床及社会应用状况的调查分析和评估, 完善药食同源保健食品相关的法律法规体系, 为此行业的健康发展提供更好支持。
尽管DNA条形码鉴定技术对于中药鉴定具有极高的适用性, 但其对鉴定样本的DNA质量存在要求。Xin等[35]发现在市售中药饮片中部分饮片由于炮制温度过高导致无法获得DNA条形码序列; Liu等[12]发现炮制加工后的刺五加饮片DNA不易提取、PCR片段不易扩增; Xue等[36]发现因诃子经过高温处理, 部分DNA发生降解, 提取浓度较低。本研究涉及的180份花茶样品中有10份样品经多次重复仍无法获得扩增产物, 因此, 推测该10份样品可能由于采收、运输、贮藏等过程方式不当或样品中目标组分经过加工炮制造成了DNA严重降解导致无法提取DNA, 进而难以获得DNA条形码序列。针对此问题, 建议专家学者在后续研究中进一步结合高通量测序[16]、TaqMan探针[37, 38]、时珍法[39]等技术手段实现对DNA降解严重样品的基原鉴定。
总的来说, 中药药食同源保健食品的真伪和品质优劣是中药现代化和国际化关注的重要环节。掺伪现象的存在不仅会让中药疗效大打折扣, 甚至会产生安全性问题, 因此, 需要加速相关领域质量标准的建立。综上所述, DNA条形码分子鉴定技术能够有效检出市售药食两用保健花茶的掺伪/混伪现象, 适用于药食两用保健花茶真伪的快速鉴定, 值得监管和检验部门推广使用。
作者贡献: 孙靖、黄子怡负责数据分析及文章撰写工作; 孙靖、黄子怡、李思齐、李余芳、胡艳、郭世文、胡格、杨芙蓉共同完成样品采购、样品信息统计与DNA条形码分子鉴定工作; 林余霖、申传璞负责样品性状鉴定工作; 辛天怡负责实验设计、稿件修改工作; 浦香东负责实验设计、总体把关和稿件修改工作。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82204346)
  • 安徽省高校优秀青年基金(2022AH030078)
  • 安徽医科大学校科研基金项目(2023xkj011)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-022)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0331
  • 接收时间：2024-04-08
  • 首发时间：2025-11-24
  • 出版时间：2024-09-12
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-08
  • 修回日期：2024-06-10
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82204346)
安徽省高校优秀青年基金(2022AH030078)
安徽医科大学校科研基金项目(2023xkj011)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-022)
作者信息
    1.安徽医科大学药学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
    2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 北京 100193

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*辛天怡, E-mail: ;
浦香东, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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