Article(id=1199786456530121493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1423, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703001600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-20, revisedDate=1713801600000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980982191, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1726070400000, pubDateStr=2024-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980982191, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980982191, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980982191, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199786450628735631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='2417', pageEnd='2676', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980980784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225057364, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2556, endPage=2563, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199786456878248752, articleId=1199786456530121493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploration of the antioxidant role and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus based on a glucose-induced Caenorhabditis elegans model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on high sugar-induced Caenorhabditis elegans, and to explore its mechanism of action. UPLC-MS method was used to identify the components of Astragalus membranaceus. A high glucose model was established by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, and the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on body length, body bending, swallowing frequency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the nematode were determined; the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on the expression of mRNA of genes related to the protein skinhead-1 (SKN-1) signaling pathway were examined by using the real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that compared with the normal group, the nematode body length, body bending, and swallowing frequency expression were significantly reduced and the ROS content in the body was significantly increased in the high glucose state; after the administration of Astragalus membranaceus, the body length, body bending, and swallowing frequency expression were significantly increased, and the ROS content was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal group, SKN-1, superoxide dismutas-3 (SOD-3), glutathione S-transferase 4 (GST-4), and glutathione S-transferase 7 (GST-7) expression were significantly decreased in Caenorhabditis elegans in the high glucose condition; SKN-1, SOD-3, GST-4, and GST-7 expression were significantly increased after administration of Astragalus membranaceus (P < 0.01). In the present study, we demonstrated that Astragalus membranaceus has an effect on high glucose-induced Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, and its mechanism of action may be through the modulation of the SKN-1 signaling pathwaym in order to ameliorate the oxidative stress response induced by high glucose.

, correspAuthors=Jing HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mei-mei YANG, Han-ying LIU, Mei-zhong PENG, Pan MA, Yi-ting NIU, Teng-yue HU, Yu-xing JI, Gai-mei HAO, Jing HAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199786460103668708, articleId=1199786456530121493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于葡萄糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫模型探讨黄芪抗氧化的作用及机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究考察黄芪对高糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫的作用并探讨其作用机制。采用UPLC-MS法鉴定黄芪的成分。以秀丽隐杆线虫为模式生物, 建立高糖模型, 测定黄芪对线虫的体长、头尾摆动、咽泵运动能力、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的影响; 运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 检测黄芪对BZIP结构域蛋白1 (protein skinhead-1, SKN-1) 信号通路相关基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示, 与正常组相比, 高糖状态下线虫体长、头尾摆动、咽泵频率表达均显著降低, 体内ROS含量显著增加; 黄芪给药后体长、头尾摆动、咽泵频率表达均显著增加, ROS含量显著降低(P < 0.01)。与正常组相比, 高糖状态下秀丽隐杆线虫中SKN-1、超氧化物歧化酶3 (superoxide dismutas-3, SOD-3)、抗氧化基因谷胱甘肽S-转移酶4 (glutathione S-transferase 4, GST-4)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶7 (glutathione S-transferase 7, GST-7) 的表达均显著降低; 黄芪给药后SKN-1SOD-3GST-4GST-7表达均显著增加(P < 0.01)。本研究表明, 在秀丽隐杆线虫内, 黄芪通过调控SKN-1信号通路改善高糖引起的氧化应激反应。

, correspAuthors=韩静, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韩静, Tel: 86-10-53911875, E-mail:
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Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378847951713006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, companyId=1200378847934935787, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京中医药大学中医药研究院, 北京 102488)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200378855857975438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2o9G8TQOPZISyXhY6aT1FA==, figureFileBig=dsKLpt/0pSX8eVUJ7XXHgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856000581785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effect of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (AM) on the body length of <i>C. elegans</i>. <i>n</i> = 60, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=2o9G8TQOPZISyXhY6aT1FA==, figureFileBig=dsKLpt/0pSX8eVUJ7XXHgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856138993831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DTQh72cu54aaiRlpJ0f4Qw==, figureFileBig=5p33rVZGUkoOPxunoz0wsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856277405873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of AM on body bending frequency of <i>C. elegans</i>. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=DTQh72cu54aaiRlpJ0f4Qw==, figureFileBig=5p33rVZGUkoOPxunoz0wsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856390652089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=v7b4oLajKTsxEoxFzICr0A==, figureFileBig=Bj83kkX/sYygCHtzZ2Hc+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856516481216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of AM on swallowing frequency in <i>C. elegans</i>. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=v7b4oLajKTsxEoxFzICr0A==, figureFileBig=Bj83kkX/sYygCHtzZ2Hc+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856604561609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=c0MtI47JmQ/S4KWghqR4MQ==, figureFileBig=exyc2tddXsniJhWQTKu5kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856713613520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of different concentrations of AM on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in <i>C. elegans</i>. Scale bar: 500 μm. <i>n</i> = 30, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=c0MtI47JmQ/S4KWghqR4MQ==, figureFileBig=exyc2tddXsniJhWQTKu5kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856814276822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cKuXCFxIjddCxvsYRSf/SA==, figureFileBig=rYnlqCYDLvuPMjGIZXlLxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378856986243294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of AM on the fluorescence expression of CF1553 nematodes. Scale bar: 500 μm. <i>n</i> = 30, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=cKuXCFxIjddCxvsYRSf/SA==, figureFileBig=rYnlqCYDLvuPMjGIZXlLxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378857141432552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=w7907qXcXDJOjtfVop0zxw==, figureFileBig=oHZOG32uiL6pP2meCaH+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378857300816114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effect of AM on the mRNA expression level of <i>C. elegans</i>. A: Protein skinhead-1 (<i>SKN</i>-<i>1</i>); B: Glutathione S-transferase 4 (<i>GST</i>-<i>4</i>); C: Glutathione S-transferase 7 (<i>GST</i>-<i>7</i>); D: Superoxide dismutas-3 (<i>SOD</i>-<i>3</i>). <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=w7907qXcXDJOjtfVop0zxw==, figureFileBig=oHZOG32uiL6pP2meCaH+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378857430839544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Primer Sequence (5' to 3')
SKN-1 Forward primer ACTCCCACCCGAATGTCACT
Reverse primer GCCGTGTTGATCCACCTGTT
GST-4 Forward primer TTTGATGCTCGTGCTCTTGC
Reverse primer GGAGTCGTTGGCTTCAGCTT
GST-7 Forward primer GTCAGATCTTGGCCTACGCT
Reverse primer CCAAGTAACGGGCGATAGCA
SOD-3 Forward primer TCTACTGCTCGCACTGCTTC
Reverse primer TGTTCACGTAGGTGGCATGA
β-Actin Forward primer AGGATCTATCCTCGCCTCCC
Reverse primer TCCGTAAGGCAGATGACGTT
), ArticleFig(id=1200378857602806019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primers using for RT-qPCR analyses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Primer Sequence (5' to 3')
SKN-1 Forward primer ACTCCCACCCGAATGTCACT
Reverse primer GCCGTGTTGATCCACCTGTT
GST-4 Forward primer TTTGATGCTCGTGCTCTTGC
Reverse primer GGAGTCGTTGGCTTCAGCTT
GST-7 Forward primer GTCAGATCTTGGCCTACGCT
Reverse primer CCAAGTAACGGGCGATAGCA
SOD-3 Forward primer TCTACTGCTCGCACTGCTTC
Reverse primer TGTTCACGTAGGTGGCATGA
β-Actin Forward primer AGGATCTATCCTCGCCTCCC
Reverse primer TCCGTAAGGCAGATGACGTT
), ArticleFig(id=1200378857720246534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Identification Formula Ion mode Detected Expected MS/MS fragmentation (m/z)
1 Astragaloside Ⅰ C45H72O16 [M+H]+ 869.482 7 869.489 3 689.426 9, 671.416 2, 653.405 8, 635.400 6, 473.361 5, 455.352 5, 437.341 9, 419.331 3, 157.048 9
2 Astragaloside Ⅲ C44H86O26 [M+H]+ 1 031.548 0 1 031.543 9 869.491 4, 437.342 0, 217.071 0
3 Astragaloside A C41H68O14 [M+H]+ 785.020 8 785.468 1 587.391 7, 569.382 4, 587.391 7, 473.362 3, 437.342 4, 419.330 8, 143.106 9, 125.096 4
4 Calycosin C16H12O5 [M+H]+ 285.192 3 285.075 7 270.052 6, 253.049 5, 225.055 8, 214.062 1, 197.059 6, 137.023 7
5 Calycosin-7-glucoside C22H22O10 [M+H]+ 447.129 2 447.128 5 285.076 0, 270.052 5, 253.049 6
6 Ononin C22H22O9 [M-H]- 429.125 9 429.118 0 256.133 4, 112.984 6, 269.081 1
7 formononetin C16H12O4 [M+H]+ 269.136 3 269.080 8 253.050 1, 237.055 0, 225.054 9, 197.060 3, 118.041 7
8 Isoastragaloside Ⅰ C45H72O16 [M+H]+ 869.667 9 869.489 3 689.431 2, 671.420 1, 653.405 1, 473.362 2
), ArticleFig(id=1200378857850269969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786456530121493, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

LC-MS data of Astragalus membranaceus chemical constituents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Identification Formula Ion mode Detected Expected MS/MS fragmentation (m/z)
1 Astragaloside Ⅰ C45H72O16 [M+H]+ 869.482 7 869.489 3 689.426 9, 671.416 2, 653.405 8, 635.400 6, 473.361 5, 455.352 5, 437.341 9, 419.331 3, 157.048 9
2 Astragaloside Ⅲ C44H86O26 [M+H]+ 1 031.548 0 1 031.543 9 869.491 4, 437.342 0, 217.071 0
3 Astragaloside A C41H68O14 [M+H]+ 785.020 8 785.468 1 587.391 7, 569.382 4, 587.391 7, 473.362 3, 437.342 4, 419.330 8, 143.106 9, 125.096 4
4 Calycosin C16H12O5 [M+H]+ 285.192 3 285.075 7 270.052 6, 253.049 5, 225.055 8, 214.062 1, 197.059 6, 137.023 7
5 Calycosin-7-glucoside C22H22O10 [M+H]+ 447.129 2 447.128 5 285.076 0, 270.052 5, 253.049 6
6 Ononin C22H22O9 [M-H]- 429.125 9 429.118 0 256.133 4, 112.984 6, 269.081 1
7 formononetin C16H12O4 [M+H]+ 269.136 3 269.080 8 253.050 1, 237.055 0, 225.054 9, 197.060 3, 118.041 7
8 Isoastragaloside Ⅰ C45H72O16 [M+H]+ 869.667 9 869.489 3 689.431 2, 671.420 1, 653.405 1, 473.362 2
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基于葡萄糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫模型探讨黄芪抗氧化的作用及机制
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杨美美 1 , 刘汉滢 1 , 彭美中 1 , 马盼 1 , 牛艺婷 1 , 胡腾月 1 , 籍宇星 1 , 郝改梅 2 , 韩静 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(9): 2556-2563
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(9): 2556-2563
基于葡萄糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫模型探讨黄芪抗氧化的作用及机制
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杨美美1, 刘汉滢1, 彭美中1, 马盼1, 牛艺婷1, 胡腾月1, 籍宇星1, 郝改梅2, 韩静3, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学中医学院, 证候与方剂基础研究北京市重点实验室, 证候与方剂基础研究教育部重点实验室, 北京 102488
  • 2.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700
  • 3.北京中医药大学中医药研究院, 北京 102488

通讯作者:

*韩静, Tel: 86-10-53911875, E-mail:
Exploration of the antioxidant role and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus based on a glucose-induced Caenorhabditis elegans model
Mei-mei YANG1, Han-ying LIU1, Mei-zhong PENG1, Pan MA1, Yi-ting NIU1, Teng-yue HU1, Yu-xing JI1, Gai-mei HAO2, Jing HAN3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2. Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 3. Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2024-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1423
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本研究考察黄芪对高糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫的作用并探讨其作用机制。采用UPLC-MS法鉴定黄芪的成分。以秀丽隐杆线虫为模式生物, 建立高糖模型, 测定黄芪对线虫的体长、头尾摆动、咽泵运动能力、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的影响; 运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 检测黄芪对BZIP结构域蛋白1 (protein skinhead-1, SKN-1) 信号通路相关基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示, 与正常组相比, 高糖状态下线虫体长、头尾摆动、咽泵频率表达均显著降低, 体内ROS含量显著增加; 黄芪给药后体长、头尾摆动、咽泵频率表达均显著增加, ROS含量显著降低(P < 0.01)。与正常组相比, 高糖状态下秀丽隐杆线虫中SKN-1、超氧化物歧化酶3 (superoxide dismutas-3, SOD-3)、抗氧化基因谷胱甘肽S-转移酶4 (glutathione S-transferase 4, GST-4)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶7 (glutathione S-transferase 7, GST-7) 的表达均显著降低; 黄芪给药后SKN-1SOD-3GST-4GST-7表达均显著增加(P < 0.01)。本研究表明, 在秀丽隐杆线虫内, 黄芪通过调控SKN-1信号通路改善高糖引起的氧化应激反应。

黄芪  /  秀丽隐杆线虫  /  氧化应激反应  /  BZIP结构域蛋白1  /  高糖

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on high sugar-induced Caenorhabditis elegans, and to explore its mechanism of action. UPLC-MS method was used to identify the components of Astragalus membranaceus. A high glucose model was established by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, and the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on body length, body bending, swallowing frequency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the nematode were determined; the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on the expression of mRNA of genes related to the protein skinhead-1 (SKN-1) signaling pathway were examined by using the real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that compared with the normal group, the nematode body length, body bending, and swallowing frequency expression were significantly reduced and the ROS content in the body was significantly increased in the high glucose state; after the administration of Astragalus membranaceus, the body length, body bending, and swallowing frequency expression were significantly increased, and the ROS content was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal group, SKN-1, superoxide dismutas-3 (SOD-3), glutathione S-transferase 4 (GST-4), and glutathione S-transferase 7 (GST-7) expression were significantly decreased in Caenorhabditis elegans in the high glucose condition; SKN-1, SOD-3, GST-4, and GST-7 expression were significantly increased after administration of Astragalus membranaceus (P < 0.01). In the present study, we demonstrated that Astragalus membranaceus has an effect on high glucose-induced Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, and its mechanism of action may be through the modulation of the SKN-1 signaling pathwaym in order to ameliorate the oxidative stress response induced by high glucose.

Astragalus membranaceus  /  Caenorhabditis elegans  /  oxidative stress  /  protein skinhead-1  /  high glucose
杨美美, 刘汉滢, 彭美中, 马盼, 牛艺婷, 胡腾月, 籍宇星, 郝改梅, 韩静. 基于葡萄糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫模型探讨黄芪抗氧化的作用及机制. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2556 -2563 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1423
Mei-mei YANG, Han-ying LIU, Mei-zhong PENG, Pan MA, Yi-ting NIU, Teng-yue HU, Yu-xing JI, Gai-mei HAO, Jing HAN. Exploration of the antioxidant role and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus based on a glucose-induced Caenorhabditis elegans model[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2556 -2563 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1423
糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的慢性代谢性疾病。流行病学数据表明, 全球的糖尿病患者数量已经达到4.15亿[1]。糖尿病并发症涉及血管、眼、肾和足, 致残致死率高, 严重危害机体健康和生活质量。糖尿病及其并发症的发生发展与氧化应激密切相关。氧化应激的产生来自于自由基的产生与抗氧化防御系统能力之间的不平衡[2], 若平衡被打破, 则产生氧化应激反应, 导致细胞、组织和器官的结构和功能损伤, 从而损伤生物体的健康和生存[3]。新近研究显示, 他汀类药物、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、噻唑烷二酮类等药物具有很强的细胞内抗氧化能力, 用于防治糖尿病并发症[4]。但这些药物不良反应多, 存在局限性, 因此, 寻求药效高且毒副作用小的药物刻不容缓。
黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus, AM) 又名黄耆, 是豆科植物蒙古黄芪或荚膜黄芪干燥的根[5]。研究发现黄芪具有抗氧化活性, 可显著改善DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力[6]。另外, 黄芪多糖提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX) 等抗氧化酶的水平, 降低丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA) 含量, 调节大鼠体内氧化应激反应; 同时降低空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FPG)、血清总胆固醇(total serum cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C) 水平, 从而影响糖脂代谢[7]。黄芪甲苷可以通过抗氧化应激和激活钙蛋白酶-1活性改善血管内皮功能障碍[8]。黄芪的总黄酮类化合物通过清除超氧化物和羟基自由基, 从而改善动脉粥样硬化[9]。虽然黄芪及其有效部位可以调节糖代谢, 抑制氧化应激, 但是黄芪在高糖环境中发挥抗氧化的机制尚未得到科学的阐释, 严重限制其在防治糖尿病及其并发症的应用。
秀丽隐杆线虫是目前研究氧化应激的理想模型之一, 它以大肠杆菌为食, 身体呈透明状; 生长周期通常分为L1、L2、L3、L4四个时期以及成虫期, 生命周期短, 生长迅速, 培养简单, 繁殖能力强, 遗传途径完整且与人类有同源的基因; 此外, 线虫的氧化应激反应可通过探针可视化, 而且高等动物体内的氧化应激反应、基本生理过程以及诸多重要通路在秀丽线虫模型内都有一定的体现[10-13]。因此, 本课题组采用葡萄糖诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫深入探讨黄芪的抗氧化作用。
本研究观察葡萄糖刺激后, 线虫的体长、咽泵运动、生存率以及体内活性氧水平, 并应用qRT-PCR实验揭示黄芪对BZIP结构域蛋白1 (protein skinhead-1, SKN-1)、SOD-3、抗氧化基因谷胱甘肽S-转移酶4 (glutathione S-transferase 4, GST-4)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶7 (glutathione S-transferase 7, GST-7) 基因表达的影响。本课题将为黄芪抗氧化的规律提供实验依据, 为黄芪的二度开发奠定基础。
线虫及菌株  野生型秀丽隐杆线虫N2; 转基因线虫CF1553 (muls84 [(pAD76) sod-3:: GFP]), 均为中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所惠赠。
主要试剂  胰蛋白胨(3438287)、酵母提取物(2495802)(赛默飞世尔Oxoid公司); 琼脂粉(Solarbio公司, 711A0217); 蛋白胨(北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司, 01-001); 胆固醇(北京博奥拓达科技有限公司, 180805); 磷酸二氢钾(20210705)、磷酸二氢钠(20210331)、无水硫酸镁(20210112)(天津市光复科技发展有限公司); 氯化钠(7647-14-5)、氢氧化钠(1310-73-2)、无水氯化钙(10043-52-4)(大茂化学试剂厂); 胡桃醌(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司, H861192)。
主要仪器  电子天平(德国赛多利斯公司, Sartorius BSA124S-CW); 荧光倒置显微镜(日本Nikon公司, D-LH/LC); 迷你离心机(中国其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司, LX-300); 激光共聚焦显微镜(德国Leica, SP8)。
黄芪水提物的制备  称取黄芪饮片50 g, 放置在圆底烧瓶内, 加10倍量去离子水煎煮2 h, 用纱布过滤黄芪饮片, 重复上述步骤2次后, 合并滤液, 蒸发减压浓缩滤液为浸膏, 将盛放浸膏的蒸发皿放置于真空干燥箱内, 在60 ℃下干燥12 h, 将干燥后的黄芪水提物浸膏研磨为细粉状, 制成黄芪水提物粉末。
黄芪样品溶液的制备  取上述黄芪水提物粉末(过4号筛) 约1 g, 加入甲醇充分涡旋30 s, 4 ℃静置2 h, 15 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 取上清液, 0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤, 摇匀, 即得。
含糖菌液的配制  向大肠杆菌内加入葡萄糖以构建高糖环境。将19.800 mg葡萄糖加入至2 mL大肠杆菌菌液内, 充分混合均匀后即配制成浓度为50 mmol·L-1含糖菌液。
含药菌液的配制  在无菌环境下培养秀丽隐杆线虫及CF1553线虫, 线虫通常以尿嘧啶缺陷型大肠杆菌为食物。给药前, 将黄芪水提物加至大肠杆菌菌液内配制成不同组别所需的浓度备用。
UPLC-MS检测条件
色谱条件  色谱柱: 采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 µm); 流动相: 0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱(0~15.5 min, 8%~35% B; 15.5~32.5 min, 35%~95% B; 32.5~32.6 min, 95%~8% B; 32.6~35.6 min, 8% B); 体积流量0.2 mL·min-1; 柱温35 ℃, 进样量5 µL。
质谱条件  电喷雾离子源(ESI); 正负离子模式; 数据采集模式: 全扫描和自动触发二级质谱扫描(full MS/dd-MS2); 扫描范围为m/z 100~1 500, 一级质谱分辨率70 000, 二级质谱分辨率17 500; 喷雾电压正负离子模式下分别为3.8、3.0 kV; 碰撞能量(CE) 为20、35、60 eV; 脱溶剂气体温度正负离子模式下分别为310、350 ℃, 毛细管温度正负离子模式下分别为320、350 ℃。
线虫培养及传代  线虫通常放置于22 ℃的恒温培养箱内培养。在无菌环境下, 将线虫接种于滴有大肠杆菌菌液的NGM培养基中培养, 将培养皿放置在22 ℃的恒温培养箱内[14]
线虫同步化  取生长发育良好且正处于产卵期的成虫NGM培养基, 抽取适量的M9缓冲液冲洗NGM培养基, 尽量将NGM培养基上的线虫完全冲下来, 转移至1.5 mL灭菌的离心管内, 10 000 r·min-1离心90 s, 弃上清。加入1 mL线虫裂解液, 涡旋4 min, 待虫体完全裂解且离心管内含有大量虫卵时, 终止涡旋, 10 000 r·min-1离心90 s, 弃上清。再加入1 mL M9缓冲液, 10 000 r·min-1离心90 s, 重复上述步骤3次以洗去裂解液。第三次离心后保留100 μL液体, 将含有虫卵的剩余液体转移至滴有大肠杆菌的NGM培养基上, 为避免污染, 应滴加在非大肠杆菌所在区域。放置于22 ℃的恒温培养箱中培养约36 h, 待其生长至L4时期即可开展后续实验[15]
黄芪对秀丽隐杆线虫身体长度的影响  将经过同步化处理且生长发育至L4时期的线虫分为不同组别, 每组线虫数量不少于60条, 给药24 h后, 收集线虫至1.5 mL离心管内, 10 000 r·min-1离心90 s, 离心弃上清, 加入20 μL麻药, 吹打均匀, 抽取线虫将其放置在载玻片上, 并用倒置显微镜仔细观察拍摄, 用NIS-Elements软件测量线虫的身体长度。
黄芪对秀丽隐杆线虫头部摆动的影响  将经过同步化处理且生长发育至L4时期的线虫移至各组。每组线虫数量不少于10条。给药3天后, 将线虫转至含有M9缓冲液但不含有大肠杆菌的空白培养基上。在观察线虫头部摆动前, 让线虫在M9缓冲液中适应性生存1 min, 再使用显微镜仔细观察20 s内线虫的头部摆动次数并记录。线虫头部摆动的方向须以身体方向为基准, 视为一次摆动。
黄芪对秀丽隐杆线虫咽泵运动的影响  将经过同步化处理且生长发育至L4时期的线虫移至各组。每组线虫数量不少于10条。给药5天后, 将线虫转至不含有大肠杆菌的空白培养基上, 在显微镜下仔细观察20 s内线虫咽泵运动次数并记录。将线虫咽泵与头部上下移动1次视为1次运动。
黄芪对秀丽隐杆线虫ROS的影响  将经过同步化处理且生长发育至L4时期的线虫移至各组。每组线虫数量不少于30条。给药4天后, 用M9缓冲液冲洗收集各组线虫, 转移至1.5 mL离心管内, 10 000 r·min-1离心90 s, 弃上清, 避光向离心管内加入50 μL浓度为100 μmol·L-1 DCFH-DA荧光探针, 于37 ℃恒温箱内孵育30 min, 用M9缓冲液冲洗3次后, 向离心管内加入20 μL麻药, 吹打均匀, 抽取线虫将其放置在载玻片上, 并用激光共聚焦显微镜仔细观察拍摄线虫体内的荧光成像情况, 荧光强度用Image J软件分析。
黄芪对线虫SOD-3的检测  将经过同步化处理的CF1553线虫的虫卵, 移至各组。每组线虫数量不少于30条。给药3天后, 收集线虫至1.5 mL离心管内, 10 000 r·min-1离心90 s, 弃上清, 向离心管内加入20 μL麻药, 吹打均匀, 抽取线虫, 将其放置在载玻片上, 用激光共聚焦显微镜仔细观察并拍照, 使用Image J软件分析线虫体内的荧光强度。
实时荧光定量PCR  将经过同步化处理且生长发育至L4时期的线虫移至各组。每组线虫数量不少于1 000条。给药4天后, 用M9缓冲液冲洗线虫, 并转移至1.5 mL离心管内10 000 r·min-1, 离心90 s, 弃上清, 收集至1.5 mL离心管内。Trizol法提取组织总RNA, 测得RNA的浓度, 参照逆转录试剂盒说明书以RNA为模板逆转录合成cDNA, 采用PCR仪检测基因表达, 2-∆∆CT法计算相对基因表达量。各基因引物序列见表 1
统计学分析  采用SPSS20.0统计软件进行分析。结果以均值±标准差(x ± s) 表示, 符合正态分布者, 多组间比较采用方差分析, 方差齐组间两两比较采用LSD法, 方差不齐用Tamhane检验。非正态性分布者, 选择卡方检验(Kruskal-Wallis test), 当P < 0.05时差异具有统计学意义。
采用UPLC-MS技术, 以0.1%甲酸溶液(A)-乙腈(B) 为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 并采用ESI离子源, 分别在正、负离子模式进行全扫描和二级质谱扫描, 获得化合物的一级和二级质谱数据, 结合文献报道对黄芪进行分析鉴定。鉴定出黄芪中黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素、异黄芪皂苷Ⅰ 8种化合物(表 2)。
实验结果表明(图 1), 与对照组相比, 模型组秀丽隐杆线虫体长显著缩短(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 5、10和20 mg·mL-1黄芪给药组均能显著增加秀丽隐杆线虫的体长(P < 0.001)。由此可见, 黄芪对秀丽隐杆线虫的生长发育具有明显的改善作用。
实验结果表明(图 2), 与对照组相比, 模型组秀丽隐杆线虫头部摆动显著降低(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 5、10和20 mg·mL-1黄芪给药组均能显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫的头部摆动频率(P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。由此可见, 黄芪能有效延缓肌肉的萎缩退化, 提高其运动能力。
咽泵运动次数是线虫实验常用的一种定量指标, 可以反映线虫的进食情况、基本运动能力和健康状况等。实验结果表明(图 3), 与对照组相比, 模型组秀丽隐杆线虫咽泵频率显著降低(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 5、10和20 mg·mL-1黄芪给药组均能显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫的咽泵频率(P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。由此表明, 黄芪干预后能增强线虫的运动和消化能力。
实验结果表明(图 4), 与对照组相比, 模型组秀丽隐杆线虫ROS水平显著升高(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 10和20 mg·mL-1黄芪给药组均能显著降低秀丽隐杆线虫的ROS水平(P < 0.01)。这表明黄芪能有效降低线虫体内的ROS, 减缓ROS对线虫的损伤, 提高其生存能力。
CF1553线虫是一种含有绿色荧光蛋白GFP融合SOD-3的转基因线虫, 实验结果表明(图 5), 与对照组相比, 模型组CF1553线虫荧光表达量显著降低(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 5、10和20 mg·mL-1黄芪组均能显著提高CF1553线虫的荧光表达量(P < 0.001)。由此可见, 黄芪显著提高SOD-3蛋白的表达, 从而减轻秀丽隐杆线虫的氧化损伤程度。
氧化应激是体内氧化和抗氧化作用失衡的一种状态, 体内的抗氧化系统会减少自由基产生的影响。实验结果表明(图 6), 与对照组相比, 模型组秀丽隐杆线虫的SKN-1表达显著降低(P < 0.05), GST-4GST-7SOD-3表达亦显著降低(P < 0.001)。与模型组相比, 20 mg·mL-1黄芪给药组能显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫的SKN-1表达(P < 0.01); 10和20 mg·mL-1黄芪给药组均能显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫GST-4和GST-7的表达(P < 0.001); 5、10和20 mg·mL-1的黄芪给药组均能显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫SOD-3的表达(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。由此可见, 黄芪可能通过调控SKN-1信号通路以改善高糖对秀丽隐杆线虫的氧化损伤。
一定浓度的糖和脂质会促进线虫的生长发育, 长期过量的糖和脂质产生抑制作用。研究表明在线虫生存的培养基内加入葡萄糖建立高糖环境后, 线虫的寿命、体长和生殖能力都有显著的抑制, 同时线虫的ROS显著升高、MDA含量降低、SOD活性显著下降[16, 17]。此外, 线虫暴露于高葡萄糖浓度条件下时可以通过积累甲基乙二醛衍生的晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products, AGEs) 和破坏线粒体功能来限制秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命[18]。本课题采用高浓度葡萄糖培育秀丽隐杆线虫后, 与正常组相比, 高糖状态下线虫体长、头尾摆动、咽泵频率表达均显著降低, 氧自由基含量显著增加, 与文献报道一致。
SKN-1 (哺乳动物的NRF1/2同源基因) 是调节氧化应激所必需的通路之一[19]。在秀丽隐杆线虫内, 抗氧化酶主要通过SKN-1调节[20]GST-4GST-7SOD-3同属于SKN-1的下游靶基因。GST-4GST-7归属于谷胱甘肽S-转移酶家族, 能够缓解细胞或者DNA的氧化损伤, 并催化GSH与环氧化合物、卤代化合物的结合, 发挥抗氧化作用[21]。SOD是一种抗氧化金属酶, 能催化超氧阴离子自由基歧化生成氧和过氧化氢, 该酶存在于秀丽线虫线粒体膜上, 具有清除线粒体内氧自由基的作用[22]。研究表明, 高糖刺激的秀丽隐杆线虫体内SKN-1的表达明显降低[23]; 此外, 通过百草枯诱导秀丽隐杆线虫产生氧化应激反应, 可观察到SKN-1的表达水平明显降低[24]; 胡桃醌和H2O2诱导的氧化应激实验中, GST-4GST-7SOD-3 mRNA的相对表达量均显著降低[25, 26]; 在自然衰老模型中, SOD-3SKN-1基因的表达下调[27, 28]。本课题采用高浓度葡萄糖培育秀丽隐杆线虫后, 检测线虫体内SOD-3以及GST-4的表达, 结果表明高糖组SKN-1SOD-3GST-4 mRNA的表达显著下降[29-31], 表明高糖在线虫体内抑制抗氧化酶及上游信号通路的表达。
研究表明在百草枯建立的线虫氧化应激损伤中, 黄芪显著延长线虫寿命[32, 33]。另外, 黄芪多糖可提高SOD活性, 抑制ROS, 减少MDA, 缓解秀丽隐杆线虫内的氧化应激反应[34, 35]。课题组发现在高糖环境中, 黄芪给药后线虫的体长、头尾摆动、咽泵频率表达均显著增加; 氧自由基含量显著降低, SKN-1SOD-3GST-4GST-7表达均显著增加。这表明黄芪无论在正常的环境中, 还是在高糖条件下, 均能提高线虫抗氧化能力, 提示黄芪可以缓解糖尿病中的氧化应激, 可能通过抗氧化改善糖尿病或糖尿病并发症。本文采用UPLC-MS技术对黄芪所含化合物进行定性分析, 发现黄芪有黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、黄芪皂苷Ⅲ、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、异黄芪皂苷Ⅰ、芒柄花素等8种化合物。文献报道, 毛蕊异黄酮明显降低线虫体内ROS的水平, 具有抗氧化能力[36]。黄芪甲苷通过提高线虫体内SOD和过氧化氢酶的活性, 发挥抗氧化作用[37]。文献提示, 毛蕊异黄酮与黄芪甲苷可能是黄芪抗氧化的活性成分, 但是本实验并未对此两种成分在葡萄糖环境中的药效进行确认, 而且未能深刻解析SKN-1通路在黄芪药效中发挥的核心作用。综上所述, 黄芪可能通过调控SKN-1信号通路提高线虫抗氧化能力, 降低ROS水平, 增强运动能力, 改善消化功能, 从而改善高糖诱导的损伤, 本实验为黄芪的深入研究奠定了理论和实验基础。
作者贡献: 杨美美负责实验设计及论文写作; 彭美中、马盼、牛艺婷、刘汉滢、胡腾月、籍宇星参与实验操作及数据分析收集; 郝改梅负责审核数据及论文指导; 韩静负责实验设计及修改论文。
利益冲突: 作者声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(81873165)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(82074238)
  • 中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202208)
  • 中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202210)
  • 中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202316)
  • 中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202328)
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1423
  • 接收时间:2023-12-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-20
  • 修回日期:2024-04-23
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(81873165)
国家自然科学基金项目资助(82074238)
中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202208)
中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202210)
中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202316)
中国中医科学院基础理论研究所自主选题(YZX202328)
作者信息
    1.北京中医药大学中医学院, 证候与方剂基础研究北京市重点实验室, 证候与方剂基础研究教育部重点实验室, 北京 102488
    2.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所, 北京 100700
    3.北京中医药大学中医药研究院, 北京 102488

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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