Article(id=1199786452440674968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0277, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711382400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-26, revisedDate=1717344000000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980981215, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1726070400000, pubDateStr=2024-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980981215, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980981215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980981215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199786450628735631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='2417', pageEnd='2676', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980980784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225057364, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810182063280633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199786450628735631, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2634, endPage=2647, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199786452738470562, articleId=1199786452440674968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification and expression analysis of AP2/ERF gene family in Artemisia argyi, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is used as medicine with its leaves. The leaves of A. argyi mainly contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, volatile oils and other compounds, and have a variety of pharmacological activities. AP2/ERF transcription factors are abundant in plants and are mainly involved in plant growth and development, abiotic stress response and secondary metabolite biosynthesis regulation. However, there are few reports on the AP2/ERF gene family and its functions in A. argyi. In this study, we systematically identified the AP2/ERF gene family in A. argyi genome, and analyzed its phylogenetic tree, protein physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and expression patterns. The results showed that a total of 204 AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified in A. argyi genome, encoding proteins consisting of 88-483 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 10-52.94 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.62-9.88. Subcellular prediction showed that the majority of AP2/ERFs were located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and the minority of them is located in the membrane and chloroplasts. According to the Arabidopsis AP2/ERF family classification, A. argyi AP2/ERF proteins were divided into four subfamilies: Soloist, AP2, ERF (B3, B4, B5, B6), and DREB (A1, A2, A4, A5, A6), among which DREB family accounted for the largest proportion, and the same subfamily had similar conserved motifs. cis-Acting element analysis showed that AP2/ERF promoters have a large number of elements responding to light and abiotic stress. Expression pattern analysis showed that most of the genes of the AP2/ERF family were dominantly expressed mainly in roots and stems, of which 19 were dominantly expressed in leaves, 77 would be induced to be expressed by methyl jasmonate, of which 16 genes were both dominantly expressed in leaves and induced to be expressed by methyl jasmonate, and these AP2/ERF genes may be the key regulatory genes for the synthesis of active ingredients in A. argyi leaves.This study lays the foundation for the functional study of AP2/ERF family genes and their regulating roles in the active components biosynthesis in A. argyi leaves.

, correspAuthors=Yu-huan MIAO, Da-hui LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue-xue YUE, Chuang XIAO, Qian-wen ZHANG, Sai-nan PENG, Chang-jie CHEN, Jia ZHOU, Jin-xin LI, Yu-kun LI, Yu-huan MIAO, Da-hui LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199786455708037866, articleId=1199786452440674968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=艾AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及表达模式分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant.为我国传统中药, 以叶入药, 主要含黄酮类、酚酸、挥发油等多种化合物, 具有多种药理活性。AP2/ERF转录因子在植物中数量较多, 主要参与植物的生长发育、非生物胁迫响应及次生代谢物合成调控, 但艾AP2/ERF基因家族的研究及其功能鲜有报道。本研究系统鉴定了艾AP2/ERF基因家族, 分析其系统进化树、蛋白理化性质、亚细胞定位、保守基序和启动子作用元件、茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达模式及不同组织表达模式。结果表明, 艾基因组中共含有204个AP2/ERF转录因子, 其编码的蛋白质由88~483个氨基酸组成, 相对分子质量为10~52.94 kDa, 理论等电点为4.62~9.88。亚细胞预测显示, 绝大部分AP2/ERF位于细胞核、细胞质而少部分位于细胞膜和叶绿体。根据拟南芥AP2/ERF家族分类, 艾AP2/ERF蛋白分为Soloist、AP2、ERF (B3、B4、B5、B6) 及DREB (A1、A2、A4、A5、A6) 四个亚家族, 其中DREB家族所占比例最大, 同一亚家族具有相似的保守基序。顺式作用元件分析表明, AP2/ERF启动子上具有大量响应光和非生物胁迫的元件。表达模式分析显示, AP2/ERF家族大部分基因主要在根和茎中优势表达, 其中19个在叶片中优势表达, 77个会受到茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达, 其中既在叶片中优势表达又受到茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达的基因有16个, 这些AP2/ERF基因可能是艾叶中有效成分合成的关键调控基因。该研究为艾AP2/ERF家族基因的功能研究及其在艾叶活性成分合成中的积累调控作用奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=苗玉焕, 刘大会, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*苗玉焕, Tel: 86-27-68890106, E-mail: ;
刘大会, Tel: 86-27-68890106, E-mail:
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J Fujian Agric For Univ Nat Sci Ed (福建农林大学学报 自然科学版), 2023, 52: 457-465., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200378861335736733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, awardId=82304660, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82304660), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200378861612560809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, awardId=32270391, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(32270391), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200378861826470319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, awardId=2023YFC3503804, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3503804), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200378861918745013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, awardId=2023AFA032, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2023AFA032), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200378849591685952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378849595880258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, companyId=1200378849591685952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200378850959029075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, companyId=1200378850917086033, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北时珍实验室, 湖北 武汉 430065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200378858122899744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ajXiidI/pbPzrf+eUMsPyg==, figureFileBig=vq21FXPMNRftZWqtFwgL2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378858223563049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Phylogenetic tree of <i>AP2/ERF</i> gene family. DREB: Dehydration-responsive element binding proteins; ERF: Ethylene-responsive factor; AP2: APETALA2; RAV: Related to AB13/VP , figureFileSmall=ajXiidI/pbPzrf+eUMsPyg==, figureFileBig=vq21FXPMNRftZWqtFwgL2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378858341003571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=X0DI8x3wmlpdAEKWkVCYOg==, figureFileBig=21505C1JCkuOw0OzGoIZMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378858471027003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The distribution of members of the <i>AP2/ERF</i> family on chromosomes , figureFileSmall=X0DI8x3wmlpdAEKWkVCYOg==, figureFileBig=21505C1JCkuOw0OzGoIZMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378859779649864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+vSjJeZ5ZS9arR8Fm/0dpQ==, figureFileBig=+e920E7UQ9B0Hemvvbhh8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378859909673299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Conserved motifs and gene structures of <i>AP2/ERFs</i> in <i>A. argyi</i>. A shows the protein conserved motifs and gene structures of subfamilies AP2 and <i>ERF</i> and B shows the protein conserved motifs and gene structure of subfamily DREB. a: Phylogenetic tree of <i>AP2/ERF</i> gene family of <i>A. argyi</i>; b: The motifs of <i>AP2/ERF</i> gene family of <i>A. argyi</i>; c: Gene structure analyses of <i>AP2/ERF</i> gene family of <i>A. argyi</i> , figureFileSmall=+vSjJeZ5ZS9arR8Fm/0dpQ==, figureFileBig=+e920E7UQ9B0Hemvvbhh8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860010336605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jKv8ozdCFrVLh3O8h2oKLQ==, figureFileBig=HIzikHc3Iol3MAaYu6CRdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860148748642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= <i>cis</i>-Acting elements in promoters of <i>AP2/ERFs</i> in <i>A. argyi</i> , figureFileSmall=jKv8ozdCFrVLh3O8h2oKLQ==, figureFileBig=HIzikHc3Iol3MAaYu6CRdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860249411944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WDg/k7bVC5sRoToMWHuTxQ==, figureFileBig=n0tSLZQ0ufkdextnlR2vJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860379435373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Expression patterns of the <i>A. argyi AP2/ERF</i> family in different tissues and at different treatment times with MeJA. A, B and C represent the expression pattern maps of the three subfamilies AP2, ERF, and DREB, respectively, where a is the tissue expression pattern map and b is the MeJA-induced expression pattern map. Leaf A: Leaf bud; Leaf B: Young leaves; Leaf C: Mature leaves; Leaf D: Old leaves; CK: Control treatment group. MeJA_6 h, MeJA_12 h, MeJA_24 h, and MeJA_48 h denote induction treatment with MeJA for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The red asterisks indicate the <i>AP2/ERF</i> genes randomly selected from <i>A. argyi</i> , figureFileSmall=WDg/k7bVC5sRoToMWHuTxQ==, figureFileBig=n0tSLZQ0ufkdextnlR2vJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860484292978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kM19/JUYKOtw+AUiaNgjqQ==, figureFileBig=SvcYuCqMPVibkZa2CPHoQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860622705016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The expression levels of the <i>AP2/ERF</i> genes in different tissues , figureFileSmall=kM19/JUYKOtw+AUiaNgjqQ==, figureFileBig=SvcYuCqMPVibkZa2CPHoQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200378860756922748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Forward primer sequence (5′-3′) Reverse primer sequence (5′-3′)
Reference gene GCAAGAGCTTGAAACCGCAA AAGAGAACCTCAGGGCAACG
AP2-1 CCGTAGATCATTCTCGGCCC GGTTGTTGAGACGTTGGGGA
AP2-2 CACAAGGCACCATCAACACG ACGGCATTTAAGCCTCGGAA
ERF-1 GGGGGAAGTTCACAGCAGAA AGACCCTCGGTGCTTAAACG
ERF-2 GATCCACAAAAGGCGGCAAG AGAGCTGCCTCATCGTATGC
DREB-1 CCGGTCTATCGAGGTGTTCG GCTCCGACCAGTTCAGGAAA
DREB-2 TCCGAGATTCGACACCCTC AATGGCAGCCTCGTCATAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1200378860840808833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequences of primers for qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Forward primer sequence (5′-3′) Reverse primer sequence (5′-3′)
Reference gene GCAAGAGCTTGAAACCGCAA AAGAGAACCTCAGGGCAACG
AP2-1 CCGTAGATCATTCTCGGCCC GGTTGTTGAGACGTTGGGGA
AP2-2 CACAAGGCACCATCAACACG ACGGCATTTAAGCCTCGGAA
ERF-1 GGGGGAAGTTCACAGCAGAA AGACCCTCGGTGCTTAAACG
ERF-2 GATCCACAAAAGGCGGCAAG AGAGCTGCCTCATCGTATGC
DREB-1 CCGGTCTATCGAGGTGTTCG GCTCCGACCAGTTCAGGAAA
DREB-2 TCCGAGATTCGACACCCTC AATGGCAGCCTCGTCATAGG
), ArticleFig(id=1200378860958249352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence ID Amino acid length Molecular mass/kDa pI Instability index Aliphatic index GRAVY Subcellular localization
AY180197-RA 406 45.49 9.37 30.16 60.34 -0.726 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY180253-RA 137 15.43 6.75 43.86 57.01 -0.894 Nucleus
AY181280-RA 340 38.04 9.12 40.14 69.35 -0.569 Nucleus
AY181310-RA 321 35.75 4.91 53.21 70.72 -0.695 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY181339-RA 211 23.39 9.68 38.36 68.67 -0.716 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY181338-RA 208 23.08 9.62 37.84 68.75 -0.718 Cytoplasm
AY182602-RA 355 41.04 5.25 59.31 41.24 -1.101 Nucleus
AY183336-RA 303 35.19 6.67 56.14 78.51 -0.469 Chloroplasts, cytoplasm
AY183705-RA 467 52.40 5.57 45.44 78.14 -0.369 Nucleus
AY183710-RA 314 34.62 4.67 39.04 58.79 -0.697 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY183723-RA 534 58.29 4.71 43.03 56.89 -0.586 Nucleus
AY183726-RA 278 30.56 5.02 43.97 56.62 -0.611 Nucleus
AY184289-RA 137 15.14 6.06 31.35 62.12 -0.743 Nucleus
AY186211-RA 205 23.41 7.97 55.68 58.59 -0.895 Nucleus
AY186562-RA 170 18.82 4.98 39.25 63.18 -0.589 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187195-RA 298 33.09 8.98 40.32 65.17 -0.668 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187226-RA 315 34.95 6.26 52.22 55.08 -0.726 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187410-RA 202 22.54 5.52 46.12 57.57 -0.690 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187446-RA 190 21.40 5.19 62.77 66.32 -0.521 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187449-RA 188 20.93 4.85 56.22 66.54 -0.476 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187450-RA 190 21.25 5.49 55.68 68.84 -0.441 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187763-RA 873 96.38 4.89 50.28 76.21 -0.579 Nucleus
AY264308-RA 197 22.93 8.62 81.10 57.01 -0.914 Nucleus
AY258670-RA 236 25.80 4.75 64.52 57.50 -0.581 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY292830-RA 226 25.10 4.43 53.93 53.54 -0.639 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY267860-RA 381 43.34 9.16 34.36 62.47 -0.743 Cytoplasm
AY026491-RA 219 23.96 7.65 79.63 57.08 -0.515 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY026771-RA 269 30.03 5.65 47.25 61.00 -0.643 Nucleus
AY027757-RA 205 22.86 9.45 52.61 61.90 -0.709 Nucleus
AY027880-RA 287 32.17 6.37 58.42 56.13 -0.835 Nucleus
AY028551-RA 243 27.06 5.91 53.74 59.55 -0.670 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY030608-RA 611 68.67 6.84 41.31 56.69 -0.854 Nucleus
AY030689-RA 176 19.87 9.03 51.61 56.02 -0.949 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY031582-RA 223 24.99 6.48 48.51 64.66 -0.889 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY261487-RA 155 17.64 8.88 40.57 67.94 -0.685 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY072245-RA 111 12.49 10.72 41.42 79.19 -0.505 Nucleus
AY073074-RA 164 18.85 5.56 34.90 73.23 -0.596 Nucleus
AY073288-RA 176 18.65 4.68 49.47 71.19 -0.244 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY073430-RA 203 22.61 8.69 48.66 66.31 -0.728 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY073573-RA 197 21.92 8.35 62.23 74.21 -0.639 Nucleus
AY074153-RA 179 20.37 8.66 57.85 78.49 -0.427 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY075370-RA 227 25.27 6.06 36.88 53.00 -0.815 Nucleus
AY075564-RA 170 19.08 9.81 53.33 76.88 -0.512 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY076174-RA 208 23.34 5.72 60.54 69.47 -0.512 Nucleus
AY076175-RA 212 23.84 5.24 66.37 67.22 -0.577 Nucleus
AY076171-RA 216 24.19 6.00 61.78 67.78 -0.525 Nucleus
AY076216-RA 202 22.77 5.81 46.18 72.52 -0.634 Nucleus
AY076428-RA 168 18.21 4.75 45.18 61.67 -0.389 Nucleus
AY076425-RA 169 18.19 4.66 50.11 63.61 -0.475 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY076670-RA 265 30.03 6.16 52.70 66.19 -0.667 Nucleus
AY076875-RA 205 22.71 5.39 55.14 74.83 -0.358 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY077002-RA 245 27.94 8.35 52.80 66.94 -0.805 Nucleus
AY077005-RA 132 15.15 6.20 53.15 62.95 -0.901 Nucleus
AY077496-RA 208 23.32 8.17 34.71 60.96 -0.796 Cytoplasm
AY077962-RA 406 45.48 9.24 28.34 61.53 -0.682 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY077964-RA 477 53.43 8.78 28.65 64.23 -0.611 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY000023-RA 219 24.45 4.38 51.69 54.79 -0.675 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY000414-RA 222 24.27 4.93 48.75 54.95 -0.690 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY000415-RA 222 24.37 5.35 52.38 60.23 -0.583 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY001307-RA 261 28.99 9.12 42.40 51.99 -0.826 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY002453-RA 227 25.76 5.49 67.66 64.05 -0.708 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY002390-RA 122 13.76 9.84 74.25 51.39 -0.705 Nucleus
AY002795-RA 214 24.67 9.84 28.34 68.79 -0.865 Nucleus
AY002796-RA 186 21.63 9.64 34.20 77.58 -0.803 Cytoplasm
AY004576-RA 337 37.71 5.02 52.72 63.56 -0.749 Nucleus
AY004834-RA 164 17.59 4.92 48.02 54.33 -0.822 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY004842-RA 201 21.85 9.46 58.71 60.85 -0.672 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY004843-RA 188 20.07 6.07 61.01 51.06 -0.818 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY004832-RA 153 16.37 4.90 55.22 68.43 -0.454 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY005010-RA 252 28.30 5.36 51.89 68.13 -0.510 Nucleus
AY004836-RA 188 19.98 6.07 55.72 53.67 -0.774 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY005238-RA 331 36.15 8.82 55.99 51.57 -0.760 Nucleus
AY006131-RA 278 30.56 4.93 52.25 53.06 -0.745 Nucleus
AY006470-RA 299 33.49 7.11 50.92 71.47 -0.600 Nucleus
AY006959-RA 254 28.70 4.54 69.01 72.56 -0.701 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY007378-RA 141 16.23 9.46 58.04 71.28 -0.750 Nucleus
AY009150-RA 147 16.34 9.54 29.41 61.22 -0.821 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY009626-RA 147 16.32 9.54 29.41 63.88 -0.803 Nucleus
AY009642-RA 291 33.60 6.25 41.22 65.29 -0.731 Nucleus
AY009916-RA 111 12.53 9.23 49.16 60.72 -0.767 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY010498-RA 203 22.27 8.41 49.19 67.29 -0.574 Nucleus
AY010774-RA 180 20.13 9.25 66.66 66.17 -0.691 Nucleus
AY010919-RA 190 21.42 5.82 43.74 81.11 -0.392 Nucleus
AY011089-RA 342 37.77 4.91 32.26 52.28 -0.712 Nucleus
AY012294-RA 245 27.02 5.06 55.68 56.61 -0.660 Nucleus
AY012495-RA 838 93.52 5.92 38.03 85.49 -0.325 Cell membrane
AY294365-RA 221 24.03 8.30 83.73 55.25 -0.506 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY260039-RA 217 23.31 4.86 82.79 67.97 -0.453 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY260800-RA 408 44.86 8.67 49.25 58.85 -0.666 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY264379-RA 164 18.30 8.24 55.77 55.37 -0.848 Cytoplasm
AY278882-RA 210 23.14 4.78 64.39 54.43 -0.643 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY298862-RA 406 45.48 9.24 28.34 61.53 -0.682 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY279492-RA 133 14.90 9.27 36.68 58.80 -0.868 Nucleus
AY272596-RA 168 18.85 7.78 42.70 81.25 -0.268 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY298986-RA 188 20.04 6.07 60.72 51.06 -0.808 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY281286-RA 265 30.03 6.16 52.70 66.19 -0.667 Nucleus
AY287512-RA 107 11.69 8.93 77.98 59.44 -0.755 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY295505-RA 197 22.93 8.62 81.10 57.01 -0.914 Nucleus
AY297935-RA 221 24.03 8.30 83.73 55.25 -0.506 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY235667-RA 226 25.08 4.43 53.93 53.54 -0.639 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY236122-RA 222 24.25 4.91 48.75 54.95 -0.690 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY236123-RA 222 24.32 5.49 51.38 56.71 -0.646 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY236984-RA 257 28.45 9.28 40.87 52.41 -0.782 Nucleus
AY238067-RA 123 13.91 9.98 75.12 50.98 -0.736 Nucleus
AY238477-RA 209 24.08 9.81 28.50 66.22 -0.907 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY239387-RA 278 30.54 4.93 53.83 53.06 -0.738 Nucleus
AY239650-RA 124 13.82 4.81 42.41 59.92 -0.710 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240005-RA 179 20.31 8.66 55.27 79.61 -0.398 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240611-RA 192 21.75 6.96 56.65 78.75 -0.356 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240613-RA 192 21.77 6.24 50.16 78.70 -0.364 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240930-RA 161 18.02 9.16 29.39 68.01 -0.780 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242042-RA 331 36.12 8.81 55.30 53.32 -0.743 Nucleus
AY242262-RA 252 28.21 5.51 52.18 69.25 -0.493 Nucleus
AY242456-RA 203 22.79 6.84 41.87 68.23 -0.436 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242458-RA 188 20.04 6.07 60.72 51.06 -0.808 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242459-RA 189 20.33 6.41 58.56 63.65 -0.562 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242555-RA 360 40.36 4.54 47.91 62.47 -0.628 Nucleus
AY242749-RA 150 16.09 5.06 57.28 66.53 -0.483 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242750-RA 168 17.94 4.92 49.41 53.63 -0.817 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242752-RA 164 17.35 8.08 54.87 46.04 -0.850 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242751-RA 188 19.98 5.91 58.59 52.61 -0.812 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY297538-RA 205 22.69 5.27 55.38 72.93 -0.366 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY062997-RA 164 18.30 8.24 55.77 55.37 -0.848 Cytoplasm
AY064643-RA 355 39.94 5.66 45.82 74.39 -0.654 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY064700-RA 350 39.54 9.68 51.18 66.20 -0.738 Nucleus
AY066021-RA 240 26.12 5.18 45.95 60.75 -0.643 Nucleus
AY066039-RA 199 22.37 7.99 70.19 66.68 -0.627 Nucleus
AY066040-RA 198 22.22 8.00 67.83 67.53 -0.619 Nucleus
AY066201-RA 275 30.76 5.35 43.71 75.16 -0.587 Nucleus
AY066219-RA 210 23.44 9.39 61.95 57.57 -0.725 Nucleus
AY066733-RA 379 41.82 6.00 57.47 43.06 -0.960 Nucleus
AY066830-RA 301 33.52 8.40 56.09 60.66 -0.601 Nucleus
AY067358-RA 257 29.45 7.19 55.16 61.44 -0.836 Nucleus
AY067690-RA 242 27.46 8.78 46.23 59.21 -0.784 Nucleus
AY067776-RA 142 16.70 9.65 52.81 52.89 -1.361 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY067959-RA 257 29.41 7.73 55.25 73.85 -0.684 Nucleus
AY068417-RA 205 23.50 8.76 49.73 70.44 -0.486 Nucleus
AY269974-RA 192 21.67 6.16 48.66 80.73 -0.332 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY267188-RA 192 21.74 6.22 54.32 81.30 -0.324 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY257987-RA 220 23.89 8.31 52.84 55.59 -0.629 Nucleus
AY257989-RA 185 20.36 8.95 54.21 58.22 -0.631 Nucleus
AY257990-RA 186 20.21 8.51 59.11 61.02 -0.560 Nucleus
AY286634-RA 356 39.67 9.17 49.54 57.87 -0.865 Nucleus
AY268494-RA 250 27.66 6.14 42.52 55.52 -0.776 Nucleus
AY267579-RA 319 35.41 4.90 43.75 60.88 -0.751 Nucleus
AY259625-RA 222 25.52 7.76 43.51 61.53 -0.845 Nucleus
AY173668-RA 230 25.74 9.57 34.46 81.83 -0.305 Nucleus
AY174582-RA 329 36.33 6.22 60.07 57.87 -0.634 Nucleus
AY174909-RA 213 23.96 9.18 54.48 67.84 -0.688 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY175425-RA 202 23.00 9.85 50.85 62.28 -0.854 Nucleus
AY175831-RA 248 27.95 5.20 61.98 64.07 -0.548 Nucleus
AY176005-RA 195 22.70 8.62 79.47 58.56 -0.875 Nucleus
AY176430-RA 167 18.29 4.77 52.09 69.58 -0.417 Nucleus
AY176588-RA 236 26.78 9.66 41.55 73.56 -0.579 Nucleus
AY176590-RA 236 26.68 9.59 38.87 73.56 -0.562 Nucleus
AY176600-RA 237 26.86 9.02 43.88 71.60 -0.569 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY176595-RA 236 26.72 9.59 38.87 74.79 -0.542 Nucleus
AY176598-RA 236 26.65 9.59 39.69 71.91 -0.581 Nucleus
AY176603-RA 234 26.21 8.77 39.10 72.52 -0.531 Nucleus
AY176857-RA 177 19.86 4.80 51.42 61.75 -0.634 Nucleus
AY176860-RA 176 19.68 5.20 53.45 65.45 -0.606 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY177295-RA 211 23.23 4.99 64.41 61.14 -0.491 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY178095-RA 203 22.54 5.08 52.54 64.43 -0.574 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY178097-RA 160 18.04 5.86 46.81 68.94 -0.542 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY178101-RA 364 40.32 4.88 56.07 70.16 -0.482 Nucleus
AY178202-RA 274 30.51 6.55 48.82 66.90 -0.522 Nucleus
AY178207-RA 270 30.09 5.71 53.11 74.04 -0.424 Nucleus
AY178212-RA 207 22.85 9.36 52.51 68.84 -0.494 Nucleus
AY179225-RA 530 60.40 6.92 40.84 67.34 -0.834 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY179226-RA 487 55.62 4.97 39.04 70.47 -0.709 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY179469-RA 272 30.15 6.31 46.69 64.63 -0.630 Nucleus
AY179545-RA 355 39.56 9.17 49.65 58.03 -0.857 Nucleus
AY258432-RA 329 36.31 6.56 57.13 48.66 -0.675 Nucleus
AY266423-RA 331 36.15 8.82 55.99 51.57 -0.760 Nucleus
AY260855-RA 180 20.11 9.25 68.04 68.89 -0.633 Nucleus
AY263059-RA 137 15.44 9.05 38.83 54.16 -0.940 Nucleus
AY280551-RA 199 22.30 7.99 70.19 66.68 -0.627 Nucleus
AY263293-RA 132 14.89 10.51 57.23 88.71 -0.396 Nucleus
AY269708-RA 192 21.74 6.22 54.32 81.30 -0.324 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY263085-RA 154 17.30 7.99 38.90 75.45 -0.338 Nucleus
AY269792-RA 198 22.22 8.00 67.83 67.53 -0.619 Nucleus
AY296060-RA 197 22.93 8.62 81.10 57.01 -0.914 Nucleus
AY297131-RA 177 19.86 4.80 51.42 61.75 -0.634 Nucleus
AY055991-RA 316 35.40 4.90 39.17 57.47 -0.776 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY055994-RA 331 36.86 6.26 40.28 59.85 -0.670 Nucleus
AY055997-RA 313 35.23 5.79 39.29 50.83 -0.706 Nucleus
AY056146-RA 321 35.48 9.70 48.23 67.45 -0.633 Nucleus
AY056499-RA 160 18.04 5.18 52.02 65.31 -0.784 Nucleus
AY056624-RA 232 26.59 9.04 61.87 53.84 -0.954 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY058375-RA 226 24.75 6.52 38.65 66.86 -0.420 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY059632-RA 347 39.53 9.18 33.06 62.68 -0.732 Nucleus
AY059736-RA 305 33.99 9.27 41.12 62.03 -0.671 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY060001-RA 195 21.71 4.98 72.38 45.64 -0.790 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY060481-RA 142 15.77 5.38 36.37 51.69 -0.890 Nucleus
AY061595-RA 257 29.47 5.04 53.31 64.44 -0.816 Nucleus
AY061702-RA 436 48.13 4.94 41.78 79.89 -0.286 Nucleus
AY062399-RA 173 19.14 10.39 62.20 69.31 -0.623 Nucleus
AY146206-RA 313 35.13 5.39 43.07 50.54 -0.755 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY146207-RA 280 31.44 6.13 40.10 54.07 -0.736 Nucleus
AY146208-RA 951 10.65 5.88 36.48 77.22 -0.355 Nucleus
AY146373-RA 205 23.10 5.51 56.67 59.02 -0.562 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY146787-RA 203 22.64 5.07 64.90 72.61 -0.580 Nucleus
AY162199-RA 254 28.68 4.52 69.83 71.81 -0.710 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY285521-RA 190 21.34 9.47 25.93 59.53 -0.715 Nucleus
), ArticleFig(id=1200378861071495565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199786452440674968, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information and characteristics of the AP2/ERF gene family of A. argyi. pI: Isoelectric point; GRAVY: Grand average of hydropathicity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence ID Amino acid length Molecular mass/kDa pI Instability index Aliphatic index GRAVY Subcellular localization
AY180197-RA 406 45.49 9.37 30.16 60.34 -0.726 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY180253-RA 137 15.43 6.75 43.86 57.01 -0.894 Nucleus
AY181280-RA 340 38.04 9.12 40.14 69.35 -0.569 Nucleus
AY181310-RA 321 35.75 4.91 53.21 70.72 -0.695 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY181339-RA 211 23.39 9.68 38.36 68.67 -0.716 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY181338-RA 208 23.08 9.62 37.84 68.75 -0.718 Cytoplasm
AY182602-RA 355 41.04 5.25 59.31 41.24 -1.101 Nucleus
AY183336-RA 303 35.19 6.67 56.14 78.51 -0.469 Chloroplasts, cytoplasm
AY183705-RA 467 52.40 5.57 45.44 78.14 -0.369 Nucleus
AY183710-RA 314 34.62 4.67 39.04 58.79 -0.697 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY183723-RA 534 58.29 4.71 43.03 56.89 -0.586 Nucleus
AY183726-RA 278 30.56 5.02 43.97 56.62 -0.611 Nucleus
AY184289-RA 137 15.14 6.06 31.35 62.12 -0.743 Nucleus
AY186211-RA 205 23.41 7.97 55.68 58.59 -0.895 Nucleus
AY186562-RA 170 18.82 4.98 39.25 63.18 -0.589 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187195-RA 298 33.09 8.98 40.32 65.17 -0.668 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187226-RA 315 34.95 6.26 52.22 55.08 -0.726 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187410-RA 202 22.54 5.52 46.12 57.57 -0.690 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187446-RA 190 21.40 5.19 62.77 66.32 -0.521 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187449-RA 188 20.93 4.85 56.22 66.54 -0.476 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187450-RA 190 21.25 5.49 55.68 68.84 -0.441 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY187763-RA 873 96.38 4.89 50.28 76.21 -0.579 Nucleus
AY264308-RA 197 22.93 8.62 81.10 57.01 -0.914 Nucleus
AY258670-RA 236 25.80 4.75 64.52 57.50 -0.581 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY292830-RA 226 25.10 4.43 53.93 53.54 -0.639 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY267860-RA 381 43.34 9.16 34.36 62.47 -0.743 Cytoplasm
AY026491-RA 219 23.96 7.65 79.63 57.08 -0.515 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY026771-RA 269 30.03 5.65 47.25 61.00 -0.643 Nucleus
AY027757-RA 205 22.86 9.45 52.61 61.90 -0.709 Nucleus
AY027880-RA 287 32.17 6.37 58.42 56.13 -0.835 Nucleus
AY028551-RA 243 27.06 5.91 53.74 59.55 -0.670 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY030608-RA 611 68.67 6.84 41.31 56.69 -0.854 Nucleus
AY030689-RA 176 19.87 9.03 51.61 56.02 -0.949 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY031582-RA 223 24.99 6.48 48.51 64.66 -0.889 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY261487-RA 155 17.64 8.88 40.57 67.94 -0.685 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY072245-RA 111 12.49 10.72 41.42 79.19 -0.505 Nucleus
AY073074-RA 164 18.85 5.56 34.90 73.23 -0.596 Nucleus
AY073288-RA 176 18.65 4.68 49.47 71.19 -0.244 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY073430-RA 203 22.61 8.69 48.66 66.31 -0.728 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY073573-RA 197 21.92 8.35 62.23 74.21 -0.639 Nucleus
AY074153-RA 179 20.37 8.66 57.85 78.49 -0.427 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY075370-RA 227 25.27 6.06 36.88 53.00 -0.815 Nucleus
AY075564-RA 170 19.08 9.81 53.33 76.88 -0.512 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY076174-RA 208 23.34 5.72 60.54 69.47 -0.512 Nucleus
AY076175-RA 212 23.84 5.24 66.37 67.22 -0.577 Nucleus
AY076171-RA 216 24.19 6.00 61.78 67.78 -0.525 Nucleus
AY076216-RA 202 22.77 5.81 46.18 72.52 -0.634 Nucleus
AY076428-RA 168 18.21 4.75 45.18 61.67 -0.389 Nucleus
AY076425-RA 169 18.19 4.66 50.11 63.61 -0.475 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY076670-RA 265 30.03 6.16 52.70 66.19 -0.667 Nucleus
AY076875-RA 205 22.71 5.39 55.14 74.83 -0.358 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY077002-RA 245 27.94 8.35 52.80 66.94 -0.805 Nucleus
AY077005-RA 132 15.15 6.20 53.15 62.95 -0.901 Nucleus
AY077496-RA 208 23.32 8.17 34.71 60.96 -0.796 Cytoplasm
AY077962-RA 406 45.48 9.24 28.34 61.53 -0.682 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY077964-RA 477 53.43 8.78 28.65 64.23 -0.611 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY000023-RA 219 24.45 4.38 51.69 54.79 -0.675 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY000414-RA 222 24.27 4.93 48.75 54.95 -0.690 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY000415-RA 222 24.37 5.35 52.38 60.23 -0.583 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY001307-RA 261 28.99 9.12 42.40 51.99 -0.826 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY002453-RA 227 25.76 5.49 67.66 64.05 -0.708 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY002390-RA 122 13.76 9.84 74.25 51.39 -0.705 Nucleus
AY002795-RA 214 24.67 9.84 28.34 68.79 -0.865 Nucleus
AY002796-RA 186 21.63 9.64 34.20 77.58 -0.803 Cytoplasm
AY004576-RA 337 37.71 5.02 52.72 63.56 -0.749 Nucleus
AY004834-RA 164 17.59 4.92 48.02 54.33 -0.822 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY004842-RA 201 21.85 9.46 58.71 60.85 -0.672 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY004843-RA 188 20.07 6.07 61.01 51.06 -0.818 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY004832-RA 153 16.37 4.90 55.22 68.43 -0.454 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY005010-RA 252 28.30 5.36 51.89 68.13 -0.510 Nucleus
AY004836-RA 188 19.98 6.07 55.72 53.67 -0.774 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY005238-RA 331 36.15 8.82 55.99 51.57 -0.760 Nucleus
AY006131-RA 278 30.56 4.93 52.25 53.06 -0.745 Nucleus
AY006470-RA 299 33.49 7.11 50.92 71.47 -0.600 Nucleus
AY006959-RA 254 28.70 4.54 69.01 72.56 -0.701 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY007378-RA 141 16.23 9.46 58.04 71.28 -0.750 Nucleus
AY009150-RA 147 16.34 9.54 29.41 61.22 -0.821 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY009626-RA 147 16.32 9.54 29.41 63.88 -0.803 Nucleus
AY009642-RA 291 33.60 6.25 41.22 65.29 -0.731 Nucleus
AY009916-RA 111 12.53 9.23 49.16 60.72 -0.767 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY010498-RA 203 22.27 8.41 49.19 67.29 -0.574 Nucleus
AY010774-RA 180 20.13 9.25 66.66 66.17 -0.691 Nucleus
AY010919-RA 190 21.42 5.82 43.74 81.11 -0.392 Nucleus
AY011089-RA 342 37.77 4.91 32.26 52.28 -0.712 Nucleus
AY012294-RA 245 27.02 5.06 55.68 56.61 -0.660 Nucleus
AY012495-RA 838 93.52 5.92 38.03 85.49 -0.325 Cell membrane
AY294365-RA 221 24.03 8.30 83.73 55.25 -0.506 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY260039-RA 217 23.31 4.86 82.79 67.97 -0.453 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY260800-RA 408 44.86 8.67 49.25 58.85 -0.666 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY264379-RA 164 18.30 8.24 55.77 55.37 -0.848 Cytoplasm
AY278882-RA 210 23.14 4.78 64.39 54.43 -0.643 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY298862-RA 406 45.48 9.24 28.34 61.53 -0.682 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY279492-RA 133 14.90 9.27 36.68 58.80 -0.868 Nucleus
AY272596-RA 168 18.85 7.78 42.70 81.25 -0.268 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY298986-RA 188 20.04 6.07 60.72 51.06 -0.808 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY281286-RA 265 30.03 6.16 52.70 66.19 -0.667 Nucleus
AY287512-RA 107 11.69 8.93 77.98 59.44 -0.755 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY295505-RA 197 22.93 8.62 81.10 57.01 -0.914 Nucleus
AY297935-RA 221 24.03 8.30 83.73 55.25 -0.506 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY235667-RA 226 25.08 4.43 53.93 53.54 -0.639 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY236122-RA 222 24.25 4.91 48.75 54.95 -0.690 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY236123-RA 222 24.32 5.49 51.38 56.71 -0.646 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY236984-RA 257 28.45 9.28 40.87 52.41 -0.782 Nucleus
AY238067-RA 123 13.91 9.98 75.12 50.98 -0.736 Nucleus
AY238477-RA 209 24.08 9.81 28.50 66.22 -0.907 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY239387-RA 278 30.54 4.93 53.83 53.06 -0.738 Nucleus
AY239650-RA 124 13.82 4.81 42.41 59.92 -0.710 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240005-RA 179 20.31 8.66 55.27 79.61 -0.398 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240611-RA 192 21.75 6.96 56.65 78.75 -0.356 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240613-RA 192 21.77 6.24 50.16 78.70 -0.364 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY240930-RA 161 18.02 9.16 29.39 68.01 -0.780 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242042-RA 331 36.12 8.81 55.30 53.32 -0.743 Nucleus
AY242262-RA 252 28.21 5.51 52.18 69.25 -0.493 Nucleus
AY242456-RA 203 22.79 6.84 41.87 68.23 -0.436 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242458-RA 188 20.04 6.07 60.72 51.06 -0.808 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242459-RA 189 20.33 6.41 58.56 63.65 -0.562 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242555-RA 360 40.36 4.54 47.91 62.47 -0.628 Nucleus
AY242749-RA 150 16.09 5.06 57.28 66.53 -0.483 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242750-RA 168 17.94 4.92 49.41 53.63 -0.817 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242752-RA 164 17.35 8.08 54.87 46.04 -0.850 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY242751-RA 188 19.98 5.91 58.59 52.61 -0.812 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY297538-RA 205 22.69 5.27 55.38 72.93 -0.366 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY062997-RA 164 18.30 8.24 55.77 55.37 -0.848 Cytoplasm
AY064643-RA 355 39.94 5.66 45.82 74.39 -0.654 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY064700-RA 350 39.54 9.68 51.18 66.20 -0.738 Nucleus
AY066021-RA 240 26.12 5.18 45.95 60.75 -0.643 Nucleus
AY066039-RA 199 22.37 7.99 70.19 66.68 -0.627 Nucleus
AY066040-RA 198 22.22 8.00 67.83 67.53 -0.619 Nucleus
AY066201-RA 275 30.76 5.35 43.71 75.16 -0.587 Nucleus
AY066219-RA 210 23.44 9.39 61.95 57.57 -0.725 Nucleus
AY066733-RA 379 41.82 6.00 57.47 43.06 -0.960 Nucleus
AY066830-RA 301 33.52 8.40 56.09 60.66 -0.601 Nucleus
AY067358-RA 257 29.45 7.19 55.16 61.44 -0.836 Nucleus
AY067690-RA 242 27.46 8.78 46.23 59.21 -0.784 Nucleus
AY067776-RA 142 16.70 9.65 52.81 52.89 -1.361 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY067959-RA 257 29.41 7.73 55.25 73.85 -0.684 Nucleus
AY068417-RA 205 23.50 8.76 49.73 70.44 -0.486 Nucleus
AY269974-RA 192 21.67 6.16 48.66 80.73 -0.332 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY267188-RA 192 21.74 6.22 54.32 81.30 -0.324 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY257987-RA 220 23.89 8.31 52.84 55.59 -0.629 Nucleus
AY257989-RA 185 20.36 8.95 54.21 58.22 -0.631 Nucleus
AY257990-RA 186 20.21 8.51 59.11 61.02 -0.560 Nucleus
AY286634-RA 356 39.67 9.17 49.54 57.87 -0.865 Nucleus
AY268494-RA 250 27.66 6.14 42.52 55.52 -0.776 Nucleus
AY267579-RA 319 35.41 4.90 43.75 60.88 -0.751 Nucleus
AY259625-RA 222 25.52 7.76 43.51 61.53 -0.845 Nucleus
AY173668-RA 230 25.74 9.57 34.46 81.83 -0.305 Nucleus
AY174582-RA 329 36.33 6.22 60.07 57.87 -0.634 Nucleus
AY174909-RA 213 23.96 9.18 54.48 67.84 -0.688 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY175425-RA 202 23.00 9.85 50.85 62.28 -0.854 Nucleus
AY175831-RA 248 27.95 5.20 61.98 64.07 -0.548 Nucleus
AY176005-RA 195 22.70 8.62 79.47 58.56 -0.875 Nucleus
AY176430-RA 167 18.29 4.77 52.09 69.58 -0.417 Nucleus
AY176588-RA 236 26.78 9.66 41.55 73.56 -0.579 Nucleus
AY176590-RA 236 26.68 9.59 38.87 73.56 -0.562 Nucleus
AY176600-RA 237 26.86 9.02 43.88 71.60 -0.569 Cytoplasm, nucleus
AY176595-RA 236 26.72 9.59 38.87 74.79 -0.542 Nucleus
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AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及表达模式分析
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岳雪雪 1 , 肖闯 1 , 张倩雯 1 , 彭赛男 1 , 陈昌婕 1 , 周佳 1 , 李金鑫 1 , 李宇琨 1 , 苗玉焕 1, 2, * , 刘大会 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(9): 2634-2647
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(9): 2634-2647
AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及表达模式分析
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岳雪雪1, 肖闯1, 张倩雯1, 彭赛男1, 陈昌婕1, 周佳1, 李金鑫1, 李宇琨1, 苗玉焕1, 2, * , 刘大会1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.湖北中医药大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.湖北时珍实验室, 湖北 武汉 430065

通讯作者:

*苗玉焕, Tel: 86-27-68890106, E-mail: ;
刘大会, Tel: 86-27-68890106, E-mail:
Identification and expression analysis of AP2/ERF gene family in Artemisia argyi
Xue-xue YUE1, Chuang XIAO1, Qian-wen ZHANG1, Sai-nan PENG1, Chang-jie CHEN1, Jia ZHOU1, Jin-xin LI1, Yu-kun LI1, Yu-huan MIAO1, 2, * , Da-hui LIU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2. Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
出版时间: 2024-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0277
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Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant.为我国传统中药, 以叶入药, 主要含黄酮类、酚酸、挥发油等多种化合物, 具有多种药理活性。AP2/ERF转录因子在植物中数量较多, 主要参与植物的生长发育、非生物胁迫响应及次生代谢物合成调控, 但艾AP2/ERF基因家族的研究及其功能鲜有报道。本研究系统鉴定了艾AP2/ERF基因家族, 分析其系统进化树、蛋白理化性质、亚细胞定位、保守基序和启动子作用元件、茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达模式及不同组织表达模式。结果表明, 艾基因组中共含有204个AP2/ERF转录因子, 其编码的蛋白质由88~483个氨基酸组成, 相对分子质量为10~52.94 kDa, 理论等电点为4.62~9.88。亚细胞预测显示, 绝大部分AP2/ERF位于细胞核、细胞质而少部分位于细胞膜和叶绿体。根据拟南芥AP2/ERF家族分类, 艾AP2/ERF蛋白分为Soloist、AP2、ERF (B3、B4、B5、B6) 及DREB (A1、A2、A4、A5、A6) 四个亚家族, 其中DREB家族所占比例最大, 同一亚家族具有相似的保守基序。顺式作用元件分析表明, AP2/ERF启动子上具有大量响应光和非生物胁迫的元件。表达模式分析显示, AP2/ERF家族大部分基因主要在根和茎中优势表达, 其中19个在叶片中优势表达, 77个会受到茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达, 其中既在叶片中优势表达又受到茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达的基因有16个, 这些AP2/ERF基因可能是艾叶中有效成分合成的关键调控基因。该研究为艾AP2/ERF家族基因的功能研究及其在艾叶活性成分合成中的积累调控作用奠定了基础。

艾  /  有效成分  /  AP2/ERF转录因子  /  生物信息学  /  表达模式

Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is used as medicine with its leaves. The leaves of A. argyi mainly contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, volatile oils and other compounds, and have a variety of pharmacological activities. AP2/ERF transcription factors are abundant in plants and are mainly involved in plant growth and development, abiotic stress response and secondary metabolite biosynthesis regulation. However, there are few reports on the AP2/ERF gene family and its functions in A. argyi. In this study, we systematically identified the AP2/ERF gene family in A. argyi genome, and analyzed its phylogenetic tree, protein physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and expression patterns. The results showed that a total of 204 AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified in A. argyi genome, encoding proteins consisting of 88-483 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 10-52.94 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.62-9.88. Subcellular prediction showed that the majority of AP2/ERFs were located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and the minority of them is located in the membrane and chloroplasts. According to the Arabidopsis AP2/ERF family classification, A. argyi AP2/ERF proteins were divided into four subfamilies: Soloist, AP2, ERF (B3, B4, B5, B6), and DREB (A1, A2, A4, A5, A6), among which DREB family accounted for the largest proportion, and the same subfamily had similar conserved motifs. cis-Acting element analysis showed that AP2/ERF promoters have a large number of elements responding to light and abiotic stress. Expression pattern analysis showed that most of the genes of the AP2/ERF family were dominantly expressed mainly in roots and stems, of which 19 were dominantly expressed in leaves, 77 would be induced to be expressed by methyl jasmonate, of which 16 genes were both dominantly expressed in leaves and induced to be expressed by methyl jasmonate, and these AP2/ERF genes may be the key regulatory genes for the synthesis of active ingredients in A. argyi leaves.This study lays the foundation for the functional study of AP2/ERF family genes and their regulating roles in the active components biosynthesis in A. argyi leaves.

Artemisia argyi  /  active component  /  AP2/ERF transcription factor  /  bioinformatics  /  expression pattern
岳雪雪, 肖闯, 张倩雯, 彭赛男, 陈昌婕, 周佳, 李金鑫, 李宇琨, 苗玉焕, 刘大会. 艾AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及表达模式分析. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2634 -2647 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0277
Xue-xue YUE, Chuang XIAO, Qian-wen ZHANG, Sai-nan PENG, Chang-jie CHEN, Jia ZHOU, Jin-xin LI, Yu-kun LI, Yu-huan MIAO, Da-hui LIU. Identification and expression analysis of AP2/ERF gene family in Artemisia argyi[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (9) : 2634 -2647 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0277
艾(Artemisia argyi) 为菊科多年生草本植物, 是我国传统药用植物和民俗植物, 早在《诗经》就记录了艾, 其干燥叶片具有温经止血、散寒止痛、祛湿止痒等功效[1]。艾叶中含有多种药效成分, 如黄酮、酚酸、挥发油等[2], 其也是艾灸的主要原材料, 具有较好的药用价值。随着艾叶、艾绒在临床医疗和日化产品等领域的广泛应用, 艾叶的品质研究引起了广泛关注, 提高艾叶中药用活性成分的含量对其品质的提升具有重大意义。
转录因子(transcription factors, TFs) 是一类具有特定序列的DNA结合蛋白, 能与相应的顺式作用元件发生相互作用。通过这种相互作用, 转录因子可以调控相关基因的转录活性, 激活或是抑制目标基因的表达[3]AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene response factor) 又称APETALA2/乙烯响应元件结合蛋白, 是植物中特有的转录因子, 在药用植物贯叶连翘、杜仲及三七[4-6]等均有报道。根据其保守结构域数目及保守基序的相似性, AP2/ERF基因家族大致可分为五个亚家族分别为: DREB (dehydration-responsive element binding proteins)、ERF (ethylene-responsive factor)、AP2 (APETALA2)、RAV (related to AB13/VP) 及Soloist[4]。该转录因子家族主要参与植物器官发育、生物合成及对逆境胁迫的响应[7-10]等生物过程。此外, AP2/ERF转录因子在植物类黄酮、萜类等化合物的生物合成调控中也起到重要作用。AP2/ERF转录因子与青钱柳黄酮类化合物生物合成中关键酶的表达调控有关[11]SmERF73调控丹参酮合成相关基因的表达, 超表达该基因可显著提高丹参酮类化合物的含量, 而SmERF73的沉默降低了相关基因的表达及丹参酮的积累[12]
转录因子调控药用植物中药效成分的生物合成普遍存在。研究发现, 艾中药效成分主要在叶片中合成, 根和茎中含量较低[13]。WRKY、bHLH、bZIP等转录因子在艾叶中萜类化合物的生物合成具有一定的调控作用[14-16]AP2/ERF作为植物中重要的一类转录因子家族, 在艾叶中还未有研究。除此之外, 艾叶有效成分还受到植物激素的诱导表达。本团队前期研究表明, 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA) 处理艾叶后, 可以诱导艾叶黄酮和萜类成分含量的大幅提升。因此鉴定在艾叶片组织中优势表达并且受MeJA诱导表达的AP2/ERF基因, 对于艾叶有效成分的生物合成调控研究具有重要意义。
本团队前期已对蕲艾进行了蕲艾高质量染色体级别基因组分析, 为艾基因组分析奠定了一定的数据基础。本研究利用生物信息学方法, 对艾AP2/ERF基因家族进行了全基因组系统鉴定, 包括其基因家族信息、染色体定位、系统进化、保守基序、基因结构及表达模式等, 以期为今后深入研究艾AP2/ERF基因家族在艾叶有效成分生物合成中的调控机制奠定基础。
材料   本团队前期在湖北蕲春筛选的富含有效成分的艾种质“香艾”(基因组测序材料)。
AP2/ERF基因全基因组的鉴定、系统发育树构建及染色体定位   在TAIR (https://www.arabidopsis.org/) 上搜索并下载拟南芥AP2/ERF家族的基因序列, 并作为参考序列。将艾蛋白组序列与已下载的拟南芥序列进行BLASTP比对, E值设置为1e-5, 最终得到258个候选艾AP2/ERF基因。接着在PFAM (http://pfam.xfam.org/) 上下载AP2/ERF对应结构域PF00847, 基于TBtools (v2.069) Simple HMM Search进行比对, 最终得到385个候选艾AP2/ERF基因。基于二者筛选结果取交集, 得到256个艾AP2/ERF基因, 将其结果上传至NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 进行保守结构域分析, 并剔除无保守结构域的序列, 最终得到了204个艾AP2/ERF家族成员。
利用204个AP2/ERF蛋白序列与拟南芥的AP2/ERF家族成员进行系统进化树分析, 通过MEGA (v11.0) 比对工具采取NJ (neighbour-join) 方法, 并进行了重复1 000次的bootstrap检验, 所有设定均采用默认值。与此同时, 从艾基因组注释GFF中筛选出候选基因ID, 利用TBtools (v2.069) 将筛选出来的基因ID在染色体上进行可视化定位。
AP2/ERF基因家族蛋白质特征分析及亚细胞定位   基于TBtools (v2.069) 中的Protein Paramter Calc工具, 对所筛选出来的204个AP2/ERF序列进行蛋白理化性质分析, 包括氨基酸长度、理论等电点值及相对分子质量等。AP2/ERF蛋白的亚细胞定位预测使用在线工具(http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell—PI) 进行分析。
AP2/ERF基因保守基序、基因结构和顺式作用元件分析   通过在线网站MEME (http://meme-suite.org/tools/meme), 对204个AP2/ERF蛋白的保守基序进行分析, 保守基序序列设为10, 其余均为默认参数。利用TBtools (v2.069) 中的Visualize Gene Structure工具对所筛选的204个艾AP2/ERF基因结构进行可视化。提取基因组中AP2/ERF基因上游2 000 bp序列, 提交至PlantCARE (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/) 进行顺式作用元件分析, 筛选并合并响应元件标签后利用TBtools (v2.069) 软件进行可视化。
AP2/ERF基因家族表达模式分析   组织表达模式: 取香艾根(root, R)、茎秆(stem, S)、叶芽(leaf bud, LA)、嫩叶(young leaves, LB)、成熟叶(mature leaves, LC)、老叶(old leaves, LD) 等不同组织作为实验材料分别进行转录组测定, 转录组数据参考本团队前期发表的蕲艾全基因组测序和组装结果。MeJA诱导表达模式: 选择长势基本一致且健康的香艾植株, 喷施300 µmol·L-1 MeJA, 分别处理6、12、24、48 h, 对照为用去离子水处理的CK, 每个处理重复3次, 进行转录组测定。获得不同处理时间下AP2/ERF基因家族的表达量, 利用在线工具迈维云(https://cloud.metware.cn/) 进行绘制表达量热图, 分析AP2/ERF基因家族成员在MeJA处理不同时间下的表达模式。
qRT-PCR分析   取艾不同组织包括R、S、LA、LB、LC、LD六个组织部位。根据天根试剂盒提取叶片不同发育期的总RNA, 通过NanoDrop 2 000紫外分光光度计检测所提RNA的A260/A280, 利用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测所提RNA完整性。将符合要求的RNA利用反转录试剂盒进行合成cDNA, 以cDNA为模板、β-actin为内参基因, 利用Premier 5设计引物(表 1) 用于qRT-PCR反应, 引物由生工生物(上海) 股份有限公司合成。qRT-PCR反应体系及条件按照ABclone公司的qRT-PCR试剂盒说明书进行, 利用荧光定量qPCR仪进行反应, 相对定量的计算采用2-ΔΔCt方法。
基于HMM及本地BLASTP比对从艾叶基因组数据库筛选AP2/ERF家族基因, 剔除无保守结构域的序列, 最终筛选得到204个艾AP2/ERF家族基因。为了进一步揭示该家族成员的进化关系, 利用拟南芥AP2/ERF成员与所筛选得到的204个艾AP2/ERF序列进行系统进化树构建。如图 1所示, 系统进化树分析表明艾中AP2/ERF家族成员主要分为四个亚家族, 分别为Soloist、AP2、ERF及DRED, 四个亚家族中DREB和ERF所占比例较大, 其中ERF又分为ERF B3、ERF B4、ERF B5及ERF B6四个亚家族, 而DREB又分为DREB A1、DREB A2、DREB A4、DREB A5及DREB A6五个亚家族。基于本课题组所组装的艾参考基因组, 利用TBtools (v2.069) 对候选的204个AP2/ERF基因进行染色体水平的可视化分析, 如图 2所示, 结果表明204个AP2/ERF基因分别位于10条染色体上, 且其分布与染色体长度及密度无关, 每条染色体上分布的基因数据相差较大, 比如5、6及10号染色体上分布基因数目较多, 而8号染色体上仅有一个基因。
基于艾AP2/ERF基因ID和艾蛋白质fasta文件, 通过TBtools (v2.069) 软件中的Fasta Extract (Basic) 工具提取204个AP2/ERF蛋白序列, 依次命名为AP2/ERF1~AP2/ERF204, 利用Protein Paramter Calc工具预测AP2/ERF的蛋白理化性质, 利用在线工具(http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell-PLoc-2/) 预测该蛋白的亚细胞定位。结果如表 2所示, 发现艾AP2/ERF蛋白氨基酸长度范围为88~483、相对分子质量处于10~52.94 kDa, 理论等电点值为4.62~9.88, 脂溶性指数约在41.24~82.03, 平均亲水性约在-1.22~0.407。204个AP2/ERF蛋白中, 有37个蛋白为稳定蛋白(不稳定指数, instability index < 40), 其余蛋白都是不稳定蛋白, 所有AP2/ERF蛋白都是亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位显示绝大多数蛋白位于细胞质和细胞核中, 仅有一个蛋白(AY183336-RA) 位于叶绿体中, 一个蛋白(AY012495-RA) 位于细胞膜中。
通过在线工具MEME对艾AP2/ERF基因家族蛋白保守基序进行分析, 共预测了10个motif (motif 1~10), 如图 3b。发现motif 1和motif 2普遍存在于AP2/ERF家族中, 视为该家族最保守的两个蛋白基序。其中, AP2亚家族中所含motif较多且近一半的motif基序较长, 而DREB亚家族的保守基序最少, 主要包括motif 1和2。此外, 保守基序在亚家族内也会出现特异性, 如ERF亚家族中只有两个蛋白含有motif 6, AP2亚家族中只有部分蛋白含有motif 4、5、8及9。基因结构分析显示AP2亚家族基因结构较长, 而DREB亚家族基因结构普遍较短, 大多以CDS为主(图 3Bc)。
AP2/ERF基因家族启动子顺式作用元件分析发现, 脱落酸响应(abscisic acid responsiveness) 和光响应相关元件(light responsiveness) 在所有亚家族中普遍存在, 干旱诱导(MYB drought-inductility)、蛋白结合位点(protein binding site)、分生组织表达(meristem expression) 和胁迫响应等元件除个别亚族未出现, 在其他亚族中也均有发现(图 4)。由图 4可知, AP2/ERF家族中光响应相关元件(light responsiveness)、茉莉酸甲酯响应元件(MeJA-responsiveness)、厌氧响应元件(anaerobic induction) 及脱落酸响应元件(abscisic acid responsiveness) 占比较高, 分别为42.2%、10.59%、9.48%和8.95%, 其他响应元件约占26.06%。
为了揭示AP2/ERF家族在艾不同组织及MeJA处理下的表达情况, 首先将鉴定到的AP2/ERF四个亚家族基因分别在艾的R、S、LA、LB、LC、LD共6个不同组织基因的表达量绘制热图进行分析, 接着利用MeJA不同时间诱导下的基因表达量值FPKM绘制热图并进行分析。如图 5所示, 发现AP2/ERF家族中大多基因在根和茎秆中显著表达, 在叶中显著表达的基因相对于根和茎秆中较少, 其中亚家族AP2仅有2个基因在叶片中优势表达, ERF与DREB亚家族分别有5、12个基因在叶片中优势表达。MeJA诱导表达模式发现, AP2/ERF家族基因随着MeJA处理时间的延长, 该家族中大部分基因表达呈现出上调的趋势, 且大部分基因在MeJA诱导12 h表达量较高, 部分基因呈现下调趋势。AP2亚家族中5个基因呈上调趋势, 而AY006959-RA经MeJA诱导后反而下调, ERF亚家族中绝大部分基因经MeJA诱导后呈上调趋势, 仅有4个基因经MeJA诱导后呈现下调趋势分别为AY027880-RAAY186211-RAAY183336-RAAY066733-RA, DREB亚家族中经MeJA诱导后呈现下调趋势的基因约占25%。根据基因表达量及表达模式, 共筛选出16个在叶片中特异表达且受MeJA诱导表达的AP2/ERF基因, 其中有2个属于AP2亚家族、4个来源于ERF亚家族、10个属于DREB亚家族。
从筛选到的16个在叶片中特异表达且受MeJA诱导表达的AP2/ERF基因中随机选择6个基因, 分别是来自AP2亚家族的AY236984-RA (AP2-1)、AY001307-RA (AP2-2), ERF亚家族的AY061702-RA (ERF-1)、AY027880-RA (ERF-2) 及DREB亚家族的AY073430-RA (DREB-1)、AY260855-RA (DREB-2)。采用实时荧光PCR技术对以上6个基因组织表达模式进行了验证。通过比对目标基因的FPKM值发现(图 6), AP2-1AP2-2DREB-2在叶芽期优势表达, DREB-1ERF-1在艾叶成熟期优势表达, ERF-2在老叶中优势表达, 这与热图中6个目的基因表达量的FPKM值变化一致, 均在叶片中优势表达, 推测叶片中优势表达的基因, 可能主要参与艾叶片中药效成分的生物合成。
AP2/ERF转录因子超家族是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一, 对于植物体内有效成分的合成、逆境胁迫响应及植物生长发育具有一定的作用[3, 17]。目前, 许多药用植物已在基因组水平上对AP2/ERF进行了鉴定: 在三七全基因组水平上鉴定了140个AP2/ERF家族候选成员[4]; 在栀子全基因组水平上鉴定了142个AP2/ERF家族成员[18]; 在丹参的基因组水平上鉴定了170个AP2/ERF基因家族成员[19], 而艾中AP2/ERF类转录因子尚未被鉴定。
AP2/ERF类转录因子在植物生长发育、有效成分的生物合成及抵抗环境胁迫等方面具有一定的调控作用。CmAP2在菊花不同组织中的表达水平表现出明显差异。舌状花雌蕊中表达量最高, 管状花、舌状花次之, 并随开花时间延长而升高, 推测其可能参与了菊花成花的调节[20]。利用酵母单杂交技术筛选出2个长春花AP2/ERF转录因子ORCA1ORCA2, 发现ORCA2中含有GCC-box响应元件, 推测其在MeJA诱导吲哚类生物碱生物合成中具有一定的调控作用[21]B3TcERFs正向调控MeJA合成的同时, 与紫杉醇生物合成基因紧密共表达, 表明AP2/ERF转录因子在紫杉醇生物合成中具有一定的调控作用[22]。拟南芥过表达MdSHINE2可直接或间接上调蜡质基因表达, 促进蜡质沉积, 增强蜡质渗透能力, 从而增强ABA敏感性及抗旱性[23]。IbERF07是一个序列比较保守的蛋白, 受病原菌侵染后, IbERF07表达量明显增加, 且在侵染2 h达到最高水平, 表明基因可能参与了甘薯抗根肿病的调控[24]
AP2/ERF基因家族可以分为五个亚家族, 即AP2、ERF、DREB、Soloist和RAV。ERF和DREB亚家族主要参与植物根系的生长发育、有效成分的积累等, AP2及RAV主要调控植物中花、种子和果实的生长发育等[17]。本研究对艾中AP2/ERF家族进行了全基因组分析, 并鉴定到204个AP2/ERF基因家族成员。艾AP2/ERF基因家族可分为四个亚家族即AP2、ERF、DREB和Soloist, 缺少RVA亚家族, 该结果表明并不是所有的物种均具有AP2/ERF的5个亚家族, 在栀子和三七[4, 25]中发现AP2/ERF家族缺少Soloist亚家族。保守基序及基因结构分析发现, AP2、ERF和Soloist亚家族中序列长度大多在500 bp左右, DREB亚家族中序列长度大多在400 bp左右。顺式作用元件发现, Soloist亚家族中的AY101280-RA序列中未发现含有相关的响应元件, 而该家族其他两个序列中绝大部分响应元件为光响应、脱落酸响应及MeJA响应, 同样DREB亚家族中部分序列也未鉴别出相关的响应元件。虽然艾中有204个AP2/ERF基因, 但在叶片中表达同时又受MeJA诱导表达的基因只有16个, 这16个基因可能是艾叶有效成分合成的关键基因, 可以用于进一步的功能验证。
综上所述, 该研究系统鉴定了204个艾AP2/ERF类转录因子, 并对其理化性质、系统发育、保守基序、基因结构等多角度分析了该家族的生信特点。能初步了解AP2/ERF家族的基因数量、功能分类及表达趋势, 为进一步深入鉴定艾叶中AP2/ERF类转录因子的功能及解析其对艾叶有效成分合成的调控机制奠定基础。
作者贡献: 第一作者岳雪雪负责论文设计、实验、数据分析及论文撰写; 通讯作者刘大会、苗玉焕负责论文设计、数据分析和论文指导; 肖闯、张倩雯、彭赛男、周佳参与实验及数据分析; 陈昌婕指导文章撰写并提出修改意见; 李金鑫、李宇醌参与样品采集。
利益冲突: 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82304660)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(32270391)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3503804)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2023AFA032)
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0277
  • 接收时间:2024-03-26
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26
  • 修回日期:2024-06-03
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82304660)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32270391)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3503804)
湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2023AFA032)
作者信息
    1.湖北中医药大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
    2.湖北时珍实验室, 湖北 武汉 430065

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*苗玉焕, Tel: 86-27-68890106, E-mail: ;
刘大会, Tel: 86-27-68890106, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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