Article(id=1199783266862592740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0395, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713801600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-23, revisedDate=1717516800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980221714, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1728662400000, pubDateStr=2024-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980221714, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980221714, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980221714, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783256183898355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='10', pageStart='2677', pageEnd='2896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980219168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225034160, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810084742844917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810084742844918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2773, endPage=2781, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783267214914311, articleId=1199783266862592740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The antitumor activity and mechanisms of piperlongumine derivative C12 on human non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The compound (E)-1-(4-(3-(5-chloro-6-oxo-3, 6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-oxo-propyl-1-ene-1-yl) phenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl) urea (C12), a novel derivative of piperlongumine previously synthesized by our research group, was investigated in this study to examine its effects on human non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1299 in vitro and elucidate its potential mechanism of action. The impact of C12 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of H1299 cells were assessed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, cloning formation assay, and Transwell assay. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the influence of C12 on cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis induction in H1299 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the expression levels of p21, Cyclin B1, CDK1, Bax, Bcl-2, JNK, p-JNK, Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, p38 and p-p38 proteins for exploring the anti-tumor mechanism underlying C12's actions. The results demonstrated that C12 exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of H1299 cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, C12 induced G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle, reduced MMP levels, elevated ROS production, and triggered apoptotic processes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that C12 downregulated Cyclin B1 and CDK1 protein expressions, resulting in G2/M phase arrest. C12 also upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, C12 activated MAPK signaling pathway by enhancing phosphorylation levels of JNK, Erk1/2, and p38 proteins. In conclusion, C12 significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities while inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in H1299 cells. These effects may be attributed to activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Yue ZHOU, Cheng-peng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hai-tao LONG, Xue LEI, Jia-yi CHEN, Jiao MENG, Li-hui SHAO, Zhu-rui LI, Dan-ping CHEN, Zhen-chao WANG, Yue ZHOU, Cheng-peng LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783270138344357, articleId=1199783266862592740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=荜茇酰胺衍生物C12对人非小细胞肺癌H1299细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

(E)-1-(4-(3-(5-氯-6-氧代-3, 6-二氢吡啶-1(2H)-基)-3-氧代丙基-1-烯-1-基)苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)脲(以下简称C12) 是课题组前期合成的一个新型荜茇酰胺衍生物。本研究以人非小细胞肺癌H1299细胞为研究对象, 探讨C12对人非小细胞肺癌的体外抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制。采用噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium、MTT) 法、划痕实验、平板克隆实验和Transwell细胞侵袭实验检测C12对H1299细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响; 通过流式细胞术检测C12对H1299细胞周期、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的产生、线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP) 和细胞凋亡的影响; 通过蛋白印迹实验检测p21、Cyclin B1、CDK1、Bax、Bcl-2、JNK、p-JNK、Erk1/2、p-Erk1/2、p38和p-p38的表达, 探讨C12的抗肿瘤作用机制。结果显示, C12呈时间和浓度依赖性地抑制H1299的增殖、迁移和侵袭; 流式细胞结果显示, C12能阻滞H1299细胞周期于G2/M期, 升高ROS水平, 降低MMP并诱导细胞凋亡; 蛋白印迹结果显示, C12通过下调Cyclin B1和CDK1蛋白表达将H1299细胞阻滞于G2/M期, 上调Bax/Bcl-2水平诱导细胞凋亡, 上调MAPK通路中p-JNK、p-Erk1/2和p-p38的表达。综上所述, C12能够显著抑制H1299的增殖、迁移和侵袭, 并诱导细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡, 其机制可能与激活MAPK信号通路有关。

, correspAuthors=周玥, 李成朋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*周玥, Tel: 18585031877, E-mail: ;
李成朋, Tel: 18286065090, E-mail:
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National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200142935703519614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, authorId=1200142935250534754, language=CN, stringName=孟娇, firstName=娇, middleName=null, lastName=孟, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.绿色农药国家重点实验室, 绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室, 贵州大学精细化学品研发中心, 贵州 贵阳 550025, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200142933908357383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933916745990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, companyId=1200142933908357383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 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National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933925134600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, companyId=1200142933908357383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.绿色农药国家重点实验室, 绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室, 贵州大学精细化学品研发中心, 贵州 贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200142940996731466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jOc+b001A3yIDrkz8e44UQ==, figureFileBig=rDV3FVCdls845RAOXjgVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941160309327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= <strong>C12</strong> exhibited antiproliferative effects in H1299 cells. A: Chemical structure of <strong>C12</strong> and PL; B: The viability of cells after treatment of <strong>C12</strong> or PL with different concentrations and time were detected by MTT assay. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M2">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group (0 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>). PL: Pierlongumine , figureFileSmall=jOc+b001A3yIDrkz8e44UQ==, figureFileBig=rDV3FVCdls845RAOXjgVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941319692887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nYN2RAY+xDGHqSE2Bzx53Q==, figureFileBig=JEmAMB1ep4G7hu++T6X4yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941432939098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Inhibition of <strong>C12</strong> on migration of H1299 cells. A: The migration ability of H1299 cells after <strong>C12</strong> treatment was detected by wound healing assay; B: The migration rate of H1299 cells upon <strong>C12</strong> treatment. Scale: 100 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M3">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s. $</tex-math></span> <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=nYN2RAY+xDGHqSE2Bzx53Q==, figureFileBig=JEmAMB1ep4G7hu++T6X4yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941541991003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jyjx8HdSeiT5o1Nie56Jdg==, figureFileBig=AH+cheUm4KyLPd2vgKH+vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941638460000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= <strong>C12</strong> inhibited cell invasion and colony formation of H1299 cells. A: The Transwell assay was used to determine the invasiveness of H1299 after exposure to <strong>C12</strong>; B: The colony formation assay was used to test the inhibition of <strong>C12</strong>. Scale: 100 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M4">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=jyjx8HdSeiT5o1Nie56Jdg==, figureFileBig=AH+cheUm4KyLPd2vgKH+vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941785260643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JgDq33kDryfVJ3SQ505AbA==, figureFileBig=oirWITI0znFVLCmygF+DfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142941927866981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= <strong>C12</strong> induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in H1299 cells. A: Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution after <strong>C12</strong> and PL treatment; B: Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of G2/M phase related proteins p21, Cyclin B1 and CDK1. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M5">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=JgDq33kDryfVJ3SQ505AbA==, figureFileBig=oirWITI0znFVLCmygF+DfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942028530282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KC8SARoO3EIFcSZYcBs10Q==, figureFileBig=lyOIcbaHr4zNpV2uIftvTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942242439789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= <strong>C12</strong> induced apoptosis in H1299 cells. A: Measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential in H1299 cells. The cells were stained with JC-1 staining and then analyzed by flow cytometry; B: The apoptosis rate of H1299 cells treated with <strong>C12</strong> and PL was detected by flow cytometry; C: The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M6">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group. Bax: Bcl-2 associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2 , figureFileSmall=KC8SARoO3EIFcSZYcBs10Q==, figureFileBig=lyOIcbaHr4zNpV2uIftvTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942380851827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kdas543ncfRLaI5V2LW0eA==, figureFileBig=0uFQDRhtOwHrUmKZbBseTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942481515127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= ROS are involved in <strong>C12</strong>-induced apoptosis in H1299 cells. A, B: H1299 cells were cultured with <strong>C12</strong> with or without NAC (5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) and stained with DCFH-DA (10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 20 min. Cells were analyzed by a fluorescence microscope; C: Cell viability effects of NAC and <strong>C12</strong> were detected by MTT assay; D: Cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry after treated with <strong>C12</strong> with or without NAC for 24 h. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M7">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> <strong>C12</strong> (1.0 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>). ROS: Reactive oxygen species, NAC: <i>N</i>-Acetyl-<i>L</i>-cysteine , figureFileSmall=kdas543ncfRLaI5V2LW0eA==, figureFileBig=0uFQDRhtOwHrUmKZbBseTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942569595518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=a3TB6Nq+Uh6RjCN2aFxrnA==, figureFileBig=mbjhP9Sm61ddOYyWH+9M6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942670258820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783266862592740, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effect of <strong>C12</strong> on expression levels of proteins in MAPK signaling pathway. Data are depicted as a ratio of p-JNK to total JNK, p-Erk1/2 to total Erk1/2, p-p38 to total p38. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M8">$ \stackrel{-}{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group. JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase , figureFileSmall=a3TB6Nq+Uh6RjCN2aFxrnA==, figureFileBig=mbjhP9Sm61ddOYyWH+9M6g==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life 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荜茇酰胺衍生物C12对人非小细胞肺癌H1299细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究
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龙海洮 1 , 雷雪 1 , 陈佳宜 1 , 孟娇 3 , 邵利辉 3 , 李洙锐 1, 2 , 陈丹萍 1 , 王贞超 1, 2, 3 , 周玥 1, 2, * , 李成朋 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(10): 2773-2781
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(10): 2773-2781
荜茇酰胺衍生物C12对人非小细胞肺癌H1299细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究
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龙海洮1, 雷雪1, 陈佳宜1, 孟娇3, 邵利辉3, 李洙锐1, 2, 陈丹萍1, 王贞超1, 2, 3, 周玥1, 2, * , 李成朋1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州大学, 贵州省合成药物工程实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 3.绿色农药国家重点实验室, 绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室, 贵州大学精细化学品研发中心, 贵州 贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

*周玥, Tel: 18585031877, E-mail: ;
李成朋, Tel: 18286065090, E-mail:
The antitumor activity and mechanisms of piperlongumine derivative C12 on human non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells
Hai-tao LONG1, Xue LEI1, Jia-yi CHEN1, Jiao MENG3, Li-hui SHAO3, Zhu-rui LI1, 2, Dan-ping CHEN1, Zhen-chao WANG1, 2, 3, Yue ZHOU1, 2, * , Cheng-peng LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2. Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 3. National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R & D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0395
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(E)-1-(4-(3-(5-氯-6-氧代-3, 6-二氢吡啶-1(2H)-基)-3-氧代丙基-1-烯-1-基)苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)脲(以下简称C12) 是课题组前期合成的一个新型荜茇酰胺衍生物。本研究以人非小细胞肺癌H1299细胞为研究对象, 探讨C12对人非小细胞肺癌的体外抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制。采用噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium、MTT) 法、划痕实验、平板克隆实验和Transwell细胞侵袭实验检测C12对H1299细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响; 通过流式细胞术检测C12对H1299细胞周期、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 的产生、线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP) 和细胞凋亡的影响; 通过蛋白印迹实验检测p21、Cyclin B1、CDK1、Bax、Bcl-2、JNK、p-JNK、Erk1/2、p-Erk1/2、p38和p-p38的表达, 探讨C12的抗肿瘤作用机制。结果显示, C12呈时间和浓度依赖性地抑制H1299的增殖、迁移和侵袭; 流式细胞结果显示, C12能阻滞H1299细胞周期于G2/M期, 升高ROS水平, 降低MMP并诱导细胞凋亡; 蛋白印迹结果显示, C12通过下调Cyclin B1和CDK1蛋白表达将H1299细胞阻滞于G2/M期, 上调Bax/Bcl-2水平诱导细胞凋亡, 上调MAPK通路中p-JNK、p-Erk1/2和p-p38的表达。综上所述, C12能够显著抑制H1299的增殖、迁移和侵袭, 并诱导细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡, 其机制可能与激活MAPK信号通路有关。

荜茇酰胺衍生物  /  H1299细胞  /  增殖  /  凋亡  /  MAPK信号通路

The compound (E)-1-(4-(3-(5-chloro-6-oxo-3, 6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-oxo-propyl-1-ene-1-yl) phenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl) urea (C12), a novel derivative of piperlongumine previously synthesized by our research group, was investigated in this study to examine its effects on human non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1299 in vitro and elucidate its potential mechanism of action. The impact of C12 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of H1299 cells were assessed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, cloning formation assay, and Transwell assay. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the influence of C12 on cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis induction in H1299 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the expression levels of p21, Cyclin B1, CDK1, Bax, Bcl-2, JNK, p-JNK, Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, p38 and p-p38 proteins for exploring the anti-tumor mechanism underlying C12's actions. The results demonstrated that C12 exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of H1299 cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, C12 induced G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle, reduced MMP levels, elevated ROS production, and triggered apoptotic processes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that C12 downregulated Cyclin B1 and CDK1 protein expressions, resulting in G2/M phase arrest. C12 also upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, C12 activated MAPK signaling pathway by enhancing phosphorylation levels of JNK, Erk1/2, and p38 proteins. In conclusion, C12 significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities while inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in H1299 cells. These effects may be attributed to activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

piperlongumine derivative  /  H1299 cell  /  proliferation  /  apoptosis  /  MAPK signaling pathway
龙海洮, 雷雪, 陈佳宜, 孟娇, 邵利辉, 李洙锐, 陈丹萍, 王贞超, 周玥, 李成朋. 荜茇酰胺衍生物C12对人非小细胞肺癌H1299细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (10) : 2773 -2781 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0395
Hai-tao LONG, Xue LEI, Jia-yi CHEN, Jiao MENG, Li-hui SHAO, Zhu-rui LI, Dan-ping CHEN, Zhen-chao WANG, Yue ZHOU, Cheng-peng LI. The antitumor activity and mechanisms of piperlongumine derivative C12 on human non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (10) : 2773 -2781 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0395
在所有癌症类型中, 肺癌是造成全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因[1]。超过85%的肺癌患者被诊断为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)[2]。由于大多数患者经诊断后已处于晚期或转移期, 使得NSCLC患者的5年生存率低于20%[3-5]。肺癌的转移涉及到血管生成、上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)、侵袭、循环和转移病灶的建立等过程, 病理情况复杂[6]。目前NSCLC的治疗多采用全身治疗手段, 包括化疗、靶向治疗(小分子抑制剂、抗体或抗体-药物偶联物) 和免疫治疗[7]。尽管这些治疗手段正在不断改进和完善, 但是由于预后效果不佳, 临床疗效仍然不够理想, 肺癌的死亡率较高。因此, 迫切需要开发新型安全有效的NSCLC治疗药物, 并探索新的治疗靶点, 以提高肺癌治疗的整体效果。
天然产物及其衍生物是抗肿瘤药物的重要来源。荜茇酰胺(pierlongumine, PL) 是从胡椒属植物中提取的生物碱, 具有抗菌、抗炎、抗血管生成、抗糖尿病、神经保护和抗肿瘤等药理活性[8, 9]。近年来的研究指出PL可抑制多种癌细胞的增殖, 调控肿瘤相关通路诱导细胞凋亡[10-14]。有研究报道PL可通过细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2 (extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, Erk1/2) 信号通路抑制Ang Ⅱ诱导的心肌成纤维细胞增殖、迁移和细胞外基质的产生[15], 也通过上调miR-34b-3p并调控转化生长因子β受体1信号通路, 抑制NSCLC细胞(A549和H1299) 增殖并诱导其凋亡[16]
本课题组设计、合成了一系列含双芳基脲结构的PL衍生物[17], 肿瘤抑制活性筛选显示(E)-1-(4-(3-(5-氯-6-氧代-3, 6-二氢吡啶-1(2H)-基)-3-氧代丙基-1-烯-1-基)苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)脲(C12) 表现出良好的体外抗肺癌活性, 但其作用机制尚不清楚。基于此, 本研究通过检测C12对NSCLC细胞H1299增殖、迁移和侵袭、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)、线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP)、细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响, 揭示C12抑制H1299细胞转移并诱导细胞凋亡的作用。初步研究结果表明: C12可能通过激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) 信号通路诱导细胞凋亡。这些发现为后续荜茇酰胺类抗肿瘤小分子的开发提供了理论和实验基础。
化合物C12由课题组前期工作合成[17]C12用DMSO (上海阿拉丁生化股份有限公司, 批号: D670831) 配制成浓度为10 mmol·L-1的母液, 放于-20 ℃冰箱保存备用; 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)、RPMI 1640培养基、青霉素-链霉素溶液(上海源培生物科技有限公司, 批号: M43117、L211126、C121102); 3-(4, 5-二甲基-2-噻唑基)-2, 5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT) (上海皓鸿生物科技有限公司, 批号: IM0280); 结晶紫染色液、PBS缓冲液粉末、Annexin V-FITC凋亡检测试剂盒、DNA含量定量检测(细胞周期) 试剂盒、JC-1线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒、活性氧检测试剂盒、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制剂(北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司, 批号: G1062、P1010、CA1020、CA1510、M8650、CA1410、PC0020、P1260); N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC)、细胞裂解液RIPA (上海碧云天生物科技有限公司, 批号: ST1546-2g、P0013); Cyclin B1、CDK1、GAPDH抗体(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司, 28603-1-AP、67575-1-Ig、HRP-60004); p21、p38、磷酸化p38 (p-p38)、Erk、磷酸化Erk (p-Erk)、JNK、磷酸化JNK (p-JNK) 抗体(美国Cell Signaling technology公司, 批号: 2947T、8690T、4511T、4695T、4370T、9252T、4668T); Bcl-2、Bax抗体(美国Santa Cruz Biotecnology公司, 批号: sc-8044、sc-7480); 化学发光底物(美国Merck Millipore公司, 批号: WBKLS0500)。
人非小细胞肺癌细胞H1299购自中国科学院昆明细胞库。用含10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI-1640完全培养基, 于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养细胞。
选取对数生长期的H1299细胞, 细胞悬液浓度调整至每毫升4×104个, 接种于96孔细胞培养板中, 培养24 h。用不同浓度C12处理细胞24、48和72 h后, 每孔加入20 μL MTT溶液, 于37 ℃下培养4 h。去除培养基后, 每孔加入150 µL DMSO, 摇床避光震荡, 酶标仪检测悬液在490 nm处的吸光度。
将H1299细胞以每毫升1×106个接种于6孔板中, 每孔1 mL过夜培养。当细胞融合至90%时, 用10 μL枪头垂直于孔底划出“伤口”, 并用PBS冲洗去除漂浮的细胞碎片。随后用不同浓度C12处理细胞, 并在处理后0、24、48 h, 使用倒置荧光显微镜观察划痕愈合过程并拍照。使用Image J软件计算划痕面积并计算迁移率。
将H1299细胞以每毫升1×105个的密度接种于6孔板中, 每孔1 mL培养过夜。然后用不同浓度的C12处理细胞24 h。C12处理后的细胞以每孔1 000个细胞的数量接种于新的6孔板, 继续培养14天, 期间2~3天更换一次新鲜培养基, 当观察到肉眼可见细胞集落形成时终止培养。弃去培养基, 用4%多聚甲醛固定, 0.1%结晶紫染色, 拍照并计算集落形成数。
使用Transwell小室进行细胞侵袭实验。将2×105个H1299细胞悬浮于100 μL含不同浓度C12的无血清培养基中, 加入到Matrigel包被好的Transwell小室的上室中, 下室中加入600 μL 10%血清培养基。培养24 h后, 用PBS清洗小室2次, 用棉签擦拭去除上室中残留的细胞, 用4%多聚甲醛固定, 0.1%结晶紫染色。使用倒置显微镜选取不同视野拍照, 并用Image J分析细胞侵袭能力。
利用DNA含量测定法确定细胞周期变化。将H1299细胞以每毫升2×105个的密度种于6孔板中, 每孔1 mL, 培养24 h。然后加入不同浓度的C12和阳性对照PL处理细胞24 h。随后收集细胞, 离心, 加入70%预冷乙醇重悬, 置于4 ℃固定过夜。将固定好的细胞离心, 加入PBS清洗2次后, 加入RNase A重悬, 放于37 ℃水浴锅中孵育30 min。加入PI染液4 ℃避光孵育30 min, 使用流式细胞仪检测, 并用Flow J软件进行数据分析。
将H1299细胞以每毫升2×105个的密度接种于6孔板中, 每孔1 mL培养24 h。然后加入不同浓度的C12和阳性对照PL处理细胞48 h。处理结束后, 收集细胞, 离心, 并用PBS洗涤2次, 悬浮于100 μL 1×结合缓冲液中。分别加入约5 μL的Annexin V-FITC和PI, 避光孵育染色。加入400 µL的1×结合缓冲液混匀后, 使用流式细胞仪检测, 并用FlowJo软件进行数据分析。
将H1299细胞以每毫升3×104个的密度接种于12孔板中, 每孔1 mL, 培养24 h后, 分别加入C12或NAC处理24 h, 弃去培养基, 加入PBS清洗2次, 用稀释好的DCFH-DA探针溶液在37 ℃避光染色20 min, 无血清培养基洗涤细胞2次, 最后加入无血清培养基, 用倒置荧光显微镜拍照。
将H1299细胞以每毫升2×105个的密度接种于6孔板中, 每孔1 mL培养24 h。随后用不同浓度C12和PL处理细胞24 h, 收集细胞、离心, 并用PBS清洗2次。加入配制好的JC-1工作液混匀, 37 ℃避光染色20 min, 染色结束后用染色缓冲液清洗2次, 使用流式细胞仪检测, 并用FlowJo进行数据分析。
C12和PL分别处理48 h后收集细胞, 加入RIPA裂解缓冲液和蛋白酶、磷酸酶抑制剂, 离心取上清。用BCA检测试剂盒进行蛋白定量, 变性后保存备用。等量的蛋白样品通过电泳、转膜、封闭后加入一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。次日在室温下孵育1 h, 然后用TBST洗涤, 加入二抗在室温下孵育1 h。最后利用化学发光系统对蛋白条显影, 利用Image J软件进行灰度分析。
所有数据采用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行统计学分析, 数据以均数±标准差$ (\stackrel{-}{x}\pm s) $表示。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA), 以P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
为了探究C12对H1299细胞增殖的影响, 使用不同浓度的C12和阳性对照PL (0、0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 μmol·L-1) (C12和PL结构见图 1A) 分别处理H1299细胞24、48和72 h后, 利用MTT法检测。研究结果表明(图 1B): C12浓度为1.25 μmol·L-1时, 对H1299细胞有明显的抑制作用; C12对H1299细胞的抑制效果呈现时间依赖性增强, 且处理24、48和72 h的IC50值分别为3.51、1.52和0.68 μmol·L-1, 显著低于PL (6.79、4.33和3.35 μmol·L-1)。结果显示, C12呈浓度和时间依赖性地抑制H1299细胞增殖, 且在相同的处理时间和浓度下, C12对H1299细胞的抑制作用明显强于阳性对照PL。
在明确C12可以显著抑制H1299细胞增殖后, 进一步通过细胞划痕实验评估C12对H1299细胞迁移的影响。与对照组相比(图 2), C12能够显著抑制H1299细胞的迁移。当C12处理时间相同时, 0.6和0.8 μmol·L-1浓度下的细胞迁移率均大于1.0 μmol·L-1, 说明C12抑制细胞迁移具有浓度依赖性。
采用Transwell实验检测C12对H1299细胞侵袭的影响。结果显示(图 3A), 0.6、0.8、1.0 μmol·L-1 C12都能使Transwell小室中侵袭的细胞数量减少, 说明C12对H1299细胞的侵袭能力有抑制作用, 且具有浓度依赖性, 当浓度为1.0 μmol·L-1时, 抑制作用最明显。细胞集落形成是检测细胞增殖能力的有效方法, 使用平板克隆实验检测C12对细胞集落形成的影响, 与对照组相比, C12处理后可以使H1299细胞形成的集落数明显减少, 且抑制作用呈浓度依赖性(图 3B)。这些结果表明, C12呈浓度依赖性地抑制H1299细胞的侵袭和增殖。
利用流式细胞术PI染色法检测C12对H1299细胞周期的影响。结果显示(图 4A), 与对照组相比, C12可使H1299细胞的G2/M期受到阻滞, 细胞比例依次从23.4%增加到28.85%、30.1%、35.8%。使用Western blot检测细胞周期G2/M相关的关键信号蛋白p21、Cyclin B1和CDK1的表达(图 4B)。与对照组相比, C12处理对细胞内p21的表达没有显著影响, 却显著降低了Cyclin B1和CDK1的表达。结果表明, C12通过调节Cyclin B1和CDK1蛋白的表达, 诱导H1299细胞的周期阻滞于G2/M期。
利用JC-1染色法检测C12处理后H1299细胞线粒体膜电位的变化情况。C12处理组(0.6、0.8、1.0 μmol·L-1) 去极化细胞的比例分别为8.21%、13.5%和15.8%, 与对照组的5.25%相比, 显著升高(P < 0.05), 说明C12处理H1299细胞后线粒体膜电位降低(图 5A)。随后, 使用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测C12对H1299细胞凋亡作用的影响。结果显示, 与对照组7.12%相比, 当C12浓度分别为0.6、0.8和1.0 μmol·L-1时, 细胞的总凋亡率依次为11.08%、16.95%、18.53%, 说明C12呈浓度依赖性地诱导H1299细胞的凋亡(图 5B)。同时, Western blot结果显示, C12诱导H1299促凋亡蛋白Bax表达显著上调, 抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2显著下调, 且呈浓度依赖性(图 5C)。综上所述, C12通过降低线粒体膜电位、上调Bax表达、下调Bcl-2来诱导H1299细胞凋亡。
使用DCFH-DA荧光探针染色法通过荧光显微镜观察C12处理细胞内ROS水平的变化。结果显示, 与对照组相比, C12处理组ROS水平显著升高, 显示出较多的明亮绿色荧光, 当C12浓度为1.0 μmol·L-1时现象最为明显(图 6A)。使用活性氧清除剂NAC验证这一结果(图 6B)。结果显示, NAC和C12共同处理组的细胞绿色荧光减少, 说明C12诱导的ROS产生被有效抑制。进一步说明C12处理可以升高细胞内ROS的水平。同时, 通过MTT检测发现, NAC和C12共同处理组的细胞存活率高于C12单独处理组(图 6C)。流式细胞术检测进一步证实, C12与NAC共同处理组的细胞凋亡率显著低于C12单独处理组, C12诱导的细胞凋亡现象被NAC有效逆转(图 6D)。以上结果说明, C12诱导H1299细胞产生ROS并参与细胞凋亡过程。
利用Western blot检测了MAPK信号通路相关蛋白JNK、Erk1/2和p38及其磷酸化蛋白在C12处理后表达水平的变化。与对照组相比, C12处理后, JNK、Erk1/2和p38的表达水平没有显著变化, 而p-JNK、p-Erk1/2和p-p38蛋白的表达水平均显著上调(图 7)。结果显示, C12通过上调p-JNK、p-Erk1/2和p-p38的表达, 激活H1299细胞内MAPK信号通路发挥抗肿瘤活性。
肺癌是全球第二大恶性肿瘤, 严重威胁人类生命。NSCLC作为肺癌的主要亚型, 转移性强、治愈率低[19]。尽管铂类药物联合其他化疗药和靶向治疗在近年来取得了一定疗效, 但由于剂量限制性毒性和获得性耐药, 患者的生存率并未得到改善[20]。寻找新的有效的治疗方法和开发新的NSCLC小分子抑制剂仍是当前研究的重点。本研究在前期工作的基础上, 对具有抗肿瘤活性的荜茇酰胺衍生物C12进行了进一步的机制探究。
破坏细胞周期进程, 将肿瘤细胞阻滞于某一关键时期, 被认为是抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的有效策略之一[21]。G2期到M期是肿瘤细胞增殖的关键阶段, Cyclin B1/cdc2复合物的激活在调节细胞从G2期进入有丝分裂中起着至关重要的作用[22]。Cyclin B1蛋白的过度表达加速了G2/M期转变, 甚至导致癌细胞异常增殖[23]。Jeong等[24]研究发现, PL可显著增加乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中G2/M期的细胞, 调节Cyclin B1、Cyclin D1、CDK1、CDK4和CDK6蛋白的表达来诱导细胞周期阻滞, 从而抑制细胞增殖。在本研究中, C12和PL均能通过下调Cyclin B1和CDK1蛋白表达来诱导H1299细胞G2/M期阻滞, 且1 μmol·L-1 C12处理H1299后处于G2/M期的细胞百分比(35.8%) 与7 μmol·L-1 PL (37.2%) 相似, 表明C12在较低的浓度下对H1299细胞有很好的周期阻滞作用。
线粒体是能量代谢、细胞信号转导和细胞凋亡调节过程的中央处理器[25]。当细胞受到外界因素刺激而发生凋亡时, 可渗透的线粒体外膜被视为激活细胞凋亡程序不可逆的标志[26]。Rawat等[27]发现, PL升高人结直肠癌HCT-116细胞内ROS水平, 诱导氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍, 上调p53、p21、Bax和SMAD4蛋白的表达, 下调Bcl-2和survivin蛋白的表达, 诱导HCT-116细胞的凋亡。Li等[28]发现荜茇酰胺衍生物L50377通过ROS介导的NF-κB抑制来诱导A549细胞凋亡和细胞焦亡。探究C12对线粒体膜电位的影响, 本研究发现C12以剂量依赖性的方式降低线粒体膜电位。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的结果显示, C12处理H1299细胞后, 细胞总凋亡率呈浓度依赖性显著升高。Bcl-2家族蛋白在调节线粒体凋亡途径发挥着重要的作用, 进一步验证发现, C12通过上调促凋亡蛋白Bax和下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达来诱导细胞凋亡。ROS在C12诱导的细胞凋亡过程中也起到了重要作用。ROS的积累与抗癌药物诱导的细胞凋亡机制相关[29]。本研究观察到C12处理导致H1299细胞内ROS水平显著升高, 且这一作用能够被活性氧清除剂NAC所逆转; 这表明, ROS参与C12诱导的细胞凋亡过程, 使用NAC能够逆转C12对H1299细胞增殖的抑制和凋亡的诱导。
MAPK通路包括Erk1/2、JNK和p38三个经典通路, 是细胞内信号转导的重要途径, 在细胞生长、增殖、自噬和凋亡等多种细胞过程中发挥着重要作用[30]。Erk1/2与细胞存活相关, 而JNK和p38与诱导分化和凋亡相关[31]。研究指出, PL通过激活MAPK/Erk信号通路中p-Erk、p-JNK和p-p38的表达来诱导人黑色素瘤细胞A375SM和A375P凋亡[32]; 同时在口腔癌细胞的治疗中, PL通过MAPK通路的激活诱导MC-3和HSC-4细胞凋亡和自噬[10]。Wang等[33]研究发现, 葡萄籽原花青素通过诱导p-Erk、p-JNK和p-p38的表达来促进HepG2细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞; Liu等[34]研究表明, 穿心莲内酯通过激活p38 MAPK和JNK抑制人黑色素瘤细胞的增殖。以上研究提示, MAPK信号通路在不同肿瘤存在着不同的生物学调控机制, 与细胞增殖与凋亡密切相关。在本研究中, 经C12处理后H1299细胞内JNK、Erk1/2和p38的磷酸化水平显著增加, 表明在H1299细胞中, C12通过激活MAPK信号通路发挥抗肿瘤活性。
综上所述, C12作为一种具有抗肿瘤活性的荜茇酰胺衍生物, 在H1299细胞中通过抑制细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭显示出较高的抗癌活性。此外, C12能够将细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期, 并诱导ROS的产生, 进而降低线粒体膜电位并触发细胞凋亡。进一步研究发现, C12通过上调p-JNK、p-Erk1/2和p-p38的表达, 激活了H1299细胞内的MAPK信号通路, 从而发挥了其抗肿瘤活性。这些发现为C12作为潜在的抗癌药物提供了理论基础。
作者贡献: 龙海洮、雷雪、陈佳宜进行实验研究、数据采集及分析、论文撰写; 孟娇、邵利辉、李洙锐、陈丹萍进行文献调研与分析; 王贞超、周玥、李成朋进行实验设计、研究思路指导、论文撰写与修改、提供研究经费。
利益冲突: 无利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(22007022)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(32360689)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(22364008)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(32260694)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21867004)
  • 贵州省自然科学基金(ZZK[2021]034)
  • 贵州省教育厅拔尖科技人才计划(2022075)
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2024年第59卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0395
  • 接收时间:2024-04-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23
  • 修回日期:2024-06-05
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(22007022)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32360689)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(22364008)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32260694)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(21867004)
贵州省自然科学基金(ZZK[2021]034)
贵州省教育厅拔尖科技人才计划(2022075)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州大学, 贵州省合成药物工程实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    3.绿色农药国家重点实验室, 绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室, 贵州大学精细化学品研发中心, 贵州 贵阳 550025

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*周玥, Tel: 18585031877, E-mail: ;
李成朋, Tel: 18286065090, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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