Article(id=1199783262982861422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0410, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714233600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-28, revisedDate=1722182400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980220790, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1728662400000, pubDateStr=2024-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980220790, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980220790, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980220790, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783256183898355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='10', pageStart='2677', pageEnd='2896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980219168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225034160, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810084742844917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810084742844918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2782, endPage=2790, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783264186626674, articleId=1199783262982861422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=GPR40 novel agonist SZZ15-11 regulates glucolipid metabolic disorders in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40, as one of GPRs family, plays a potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. To study the effect of GPR40 novel agonist SZZ15-11 on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and its potential mechanism, spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and murine mature adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were used. KKAy mice were divided into four groups, vehicle group, TAK group, SZZ (50 mg·kg-1) group and SZZ (100 mg·kg-1) group, with oral gavage of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 50 mg·kg-1 TAK875, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 SZZ15-11 respectively for 45 days. Fasting blood glucose, blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), non-fasting blood glucose were tested. Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were executed. Blood insulin and glucagon were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After mice′s execution, liver tissue was harvested to test TG and TC content. Then pathological morphology of liver was observed through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the lipid metabolism relative signal pathway was analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. At the same time, Akt phosphorylation level in HepG2 cells and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 cells treated with TNFα were measured with Western blot. The results show that SZZ15-11 not only decreased blood glucose and lipid, improved insulin sensitivity, but also increased fasting blood glucagon and promoted insulin secretion after glucose loading in KKAy mice. Additionally, SZZ15-11 alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver dysfunction in KKAy mice. In liver tissue, SZZ15-11 increased AMPKα phosphorylation level and cholesterol metabolism relative gene Abcg8 transcription. In HepG2 cells, SZZ15-11 increased Akt phosphorylation level. In adipocyte 3T3-L1, SZZ15-11 recovered the decreased adiponectin expression by TNFα. This study proved that GPR40 agonist SZZ15-11 could be a candidate compound for regulating glucolipid metabolic disorder.

, correspAuthors=Cai-na LI, Yi HUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei LEI, Jia-yu ZHAI, Tian ZHOU, Quan LIU, Shuai-nan LIU, Cai-na LI, Hui CAO, Cun-yu FENG, Min WU, Lei-lei CHEN, Li-ran LEI, Xuan PAN, Zhan-zhu LIU, Yi HUAN, Zhu-fang SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783266816455392, articleId=1199783262982861422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的调控作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

G蛋白偶联受体40 (G protein-coupled receptor 40, GPR40) 是G蛋白偶联受体家族成员, 对糖脂代谢有重要调控作用。本研究旨在考察新型GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠糖脂代谢的影响, 并探讨其潜在机制。将KKAy小鼠随机分为4组, 一组以0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CMC) 灌胃为模型组(vehicle)、一组以TAK875 (50 mg·kg-1) 灌胃为阳性对照组(TAK), 另两组分别以不同剂量SZZ15-11 (50和100 mg·kg-1) 灌胃为给药组(SZZ 50 mg·kg-1和SZZ 100 mg·kg-1), 每天一次, 共45天。于给药期间, 检测空腹血糖、随机血糖、血甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG) 和总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC) 水平, 进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素耐量试验, 同时通过酶联免疫吸附方法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 测定小鼠血胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平。实验结束后处死小鼠, 取肝组织, 测定TG和TC含量, 用苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色观察肝组织病理形态, 通过Western blot和RT-PCR探讨肝组织脂代谢相关信号通路改变。实验经中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会的审查批准。在人肝肿瘤细胞HepG2和TNFα诱导3T3-L1胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型, 通过Western blot探讨SZZ15-11对胰岛素信号通路和脂联素表达的影响。结果显示, SZZ15-11不仅可降低KKAy小鼠的高血糖、高血脂, 增强胰岛素敏感性, 还可增加小鼠空腹血胰高血糖素水平, 促进糖负荷后胰岛素分泌; 能改善小鼠肝组织脂肪变性, 保护肝功能; 在肝组织中, 可上调AMPKα磷酸化, 使胆固醇代谢相关基因Abcg8表达增加; 在肝细胞和胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型, 可增强胰岛素信号, 明显减弱TNFα对脂联素表达的抑制作用。提示GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11能有效调控糖脂代谢紊乱, 是一新型的、有潜力的抗糖尿病候选化合物。

, correspAuthors=李彩娜, 环奕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李彩娜, E-mail: ;
环奕, Tel: 86-10-63165194, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2gVxPvd+CvyKvm4OrhgM9Q==, magXml=QrEaK0yfq1qzSK6/rAO+Og==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OPpIv4yULEHjspapXcQRCQ==, pdfFileSize=3626934, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=DvlUmx6hZhJvS2A8s1kDEw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=o0/jv+7og+bfdDxItJSqoA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

, authorsList=雷蕾, 翟佳羽, 周甜, 刘泉, 刘率男, 李彩娜, 曹慧, 冯存玉, 吴敏, 陈蕾蕾, 雷丽冉, 潘璇, 刘站柱, 环奕, 申竹芳)}, authors=[Author(id=1200142933740581658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200142933874799399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, authorId=1200142933740581658, language=EN, stringName=Lei LEI, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=LEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 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State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200142934407476057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, authorId=1200142934076126010, language=CN, stringName=翟佳羽, firstName=佳羽, middleName=null, lastName=翟, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, #, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200142933363094276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933384065798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, companyId=1200142933363094276, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
2. Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200142934826906491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, authorId=1200142934529110883, language=CN, stringName=周甜, firstName=甜, middleName=null, lastName=周, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050
2.郑州大学附属儿童医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200142933363094276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933384065798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, companyId=1200142933363094276, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933392454406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, companyId=1200142933363094276, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200142933602169615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933614752529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, companyId=1200142933602169615, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142933627335443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, companyId=1200142933602169615, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.郑州大学附属儿童医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450018)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200142942783500609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=InpVI7YCVEPKQmUNLpJrhg==, figureFileBig=pTM/TrSuD+GMN4IJpMTuFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142942884163913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Diagram of animal experiment (A) and effects of SZZ15-11 on body weight (B) and food intake (C) in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKA<sup>y</sup> mice. <i>n</i> = 10, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle group. Vehicle group, SZZ (50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) group, SZZ (100 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) group and TAK group were given with 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 50 and 100 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> SZZ15-11, 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> TAK875 respectively through oral gavage. HFD: High fat diet; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; ITT: Insulin tolerance test; BL: Blood lipids; OGSIST: Oral glucose-stimulated insulin secretion test; Gcg: Glucagon; NFBG: Non-fasting blood glucose; TS: Tissue sample; BB: Blood biochemistry , figureFileSmall=InpVI7YCVEPKQmUNLpJrhg==, figureFileBig=pTM/TrSuD+GMN4IJpMTuFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943026770255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=M9UIyYzYs1wcjDnT+0VL1g==, figureFileBig=OkrZZKP2hrKT9nw0G6/qqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943119044947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of SZZ15-11 on non-fasting blood glucose (A), fasting-blood glucose (B), blood glucose (C) and area under curve (AUC) (D) of OGTT in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKA<sup>y</sup> mice. <i>n</i> = 10, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> vehicle group. NFBG and FBG were tested on day 40. OGTT were executed on day 14, blood samples were harvested at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after glucose (2.0 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) overload , figureFileSmall=M9UIyYzYs1wcjDnT+0VL1g==, figureFileBig=OkrZZKP2hrKT9nw0G6/qqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943232291163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=B9iIIfS/2vXyEUd397k1yg==, figureFileBig=ivylouiL/RLT3Jkcw56Jdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943408451935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of SZZ15-11 on blood glucose (A) and AUC (B) of ITT in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKA<sup>y</sup> mice. <i>n</i> = 10, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle group. ITT were carried out on day 21, blood samples were obtained at 0, 40 and 90 min after subcutaneous injection of insulin (0.4 U·kg<sup>-1</sup>) , figureFileSmall=B9iIIfS/2vXyEUd397k1yg==, figureFileBig=ivylouiL/RLT3Jkcw56Jdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943525892451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XsU60ikqyOa8nHcnaj0Nqw==, figureFileBig=p1K2v6G0LRBvH0C+x0hlpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943651721575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of SZZ15-11 on blood TG (A), TC (B), insulin (C) and glucagon (D) in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKA<sup>y</sup> mice. <i>n</i> = 10, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> vehicle group. Blood TG and TC were tested on day 21. OGSIST were examined on day 28, blood samples were used to test insulin at 0 and 5 min after oral gavage of glucose (2.0 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>). On day 35, blood samples were obtained to test glucagon after fasting for 4 h , figureFileSmall=XsU60ikqyOa8nHcnaj0Nqw==, figureFileBig=p1K2v6G0LRBvH0C+x0hlpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943731413355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zbihdZhiI4ps+G8T8q8oOw==, figureFileBig=0c3Q7yfvEfcBferdb62GpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943815299440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of SZZ15-11 on hepatic TG (A) and TC (B), blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT, C) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, D), and pathological morphology of liver with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (E) in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKA<sup>y</sup> mice. <i>n</i> = 10, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle group. Scale bar of HE staining (×200) is 100 μm , figureFileSmall=zbihdZhiI4ps+G8T8q8oOw==, figureFileBig=0c3Q7yfvEfcBferdb62GpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142943886602612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=P07kR3w0M8dGzLlwVKEdUA==, figureFileBig=vPYSbGCXOycDbUb4Do3KsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142944029208950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of SZZ15-11 on lipid metabolism-related factors level in liver of spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKA<sup>y</sup> mice. A: Protein lysates of liver tissue in mice of each group were performed with Western blot; B: Quantification of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) expression level; C: Quantification of AMPK<i>α</i> phosphorylation level; D: Lipid metabolism-related genes transcription. <i>n</i> = 3-4, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> vehicle group , figureFileSmall=P07kR3w0M8dGzLlwVKEdUA==, figureFileBig=vPYSbGCXOycDbUb4Do3KsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142944125677949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lSaUAexdCk8/fVxvMnKeRQ==, figureFileBig=gW5jvLpjyH8GT/QwT6o+LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142944243118465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effect of SZZ15-11 on Akt phosphorylation level in HepG2 cells treated with 1 and 10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> SZZ15-11 under 10 nmol·L<sup>-1</sup> insulin stimulation. A: Protein lysates of HepG2 cells were performed with Western blot; B: Quantification of Akt phosphorylation level. <i>n</i> = 4, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=lSaUAexdCk8/fVxvMnKeRQ==, figureFileBig=gW5jvLpjyH8GT/QwT6o+LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142944310227333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NBAJfBxHA4+DHQjmIIjvng==, figureFileBig=Yr7Dn0ppughRcRJItQy/tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142944419279240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Effect of SZZ15-11 on adiponectin expression and Akt phosphorylation level in mature adipocyte 3T3-L1 treated with 50 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup> TNF<i>α</i>. A: Protein lysates of 3T3-L1 cells were performed with Western blot; B: Quantification of adiponectin expression level; C: Quantification of Akt phosphorylation level. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=NBAJfBxHA4+DHQjmIIjvng==, figureFileBig=Yr7Dn0ppughRcRJItQy/tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142944608022927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group FBG/mg·dL-1 BG increase/% TC/mg·dL-1 TG/mg·dL-1 BW/g
Vehicle 246.1±17.5 77.3±11.5 111.2±5.4 135.4±17.4 46.2±0.4
SZZ (50 mg·kg-1) 229.8±17.7 78.2±9.3 108.9±3.7 131.0±9.4 45.4±0.4
SZZ (100 mg·kg-1) 233.9±16.5 77.8±11.0 107.0±3.0 127.6±12.1 45.2±0.5
TAK (50 mg·kg-1) 241.0±16.2 77.9±9.8 108.6±2.4 129.0±8.6 45.9±0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200142944809349525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice in different groups. SZZ: SZZ15-11; TAK: TAK875; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; BG increase: Percentage of increasing blood glucose at 30 min after glucose loading (2.0 g·kg-1); TC: Blood total cholesterol; TG: Blood triglyceride; BW: Body weight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group FBG/mg·dL-1 BG increase/% TC/mg·dL-1 TG/mg·dL-1 BW/g
Vehicle 246.1±17.5 77.3±11.5 111.2±5.4 135.4±17.4 46.2±0.4
SZZ (50 mg·kg-1) 229.8±17.7 78.2±9.3 108.9±3.7 131.0±9.4 45.4±0.4
SZZ (100 mg·kg-1) 233.9±16.5 77.8±11.0 107.0±3.0 127.6±12.1 45.2±0.5
TAK (50 mg·kg-1) 241.0±16.2 77.9±9.8 108.6±2.4 129.0±8.6 45.9±0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200142944918401434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene name Forward primer Reverse primer
Hmgcr (NM_ 001360165.1) 5'-AGAGAACAAGGGTTCACGCC-3' 5'-CCTTGGATCCCACGCGGA-3'
Abca1 (NM_013454.3) 5'-CGACCATGAAAGTGACACGC-3' 5'-AGCACATAGGTCAGCTCGTG-3'
Abcg8 (NM_026180.2) 5'-AAGACCCTTGGGCGTTACAG-3' 5'-CCACTGTGAAAGCCGATCCT-3'
Ldlr (NM_001252658.1) 5'-CCAATCGACTCACGGGTTCA-3' 5'-ACAGTGTCGACTTCTCTAGGC-3'
Cyp27a1 (NM_024264.5) 5'-ACAGGAGGGCAAGTACCCAA-3' 5'-AAAGCCTGACGCAGATGGTA-3'
Oatp1a (NM_013797.5) 5'-CAGGGGCATGCAGGATGTAT-3' 5'-GTCTGGAGAGTGGATGTCGC-3'
Oatp1b (NM_020495.2) 5'-AGAAAGCTTGGGTTGTCGGT-3' 5'-TGAATCCATCGCAGTGCCTT-3'
Oatp1c (NM_001177772.2) 5'-TTCTCCGAGGGTTAGGGGAG-3' 5'-GTCTGCACACACCCGATGTA-3'
Ntcp (NM_001177561.1) 5'-TCTTTTATTTGCCCACAGCTACA-3' 5'-CATCCTCCGACCCAGTGAAC-3'
Abcc2 (NM_013806.2) 5'-ACATCTGCTTCCCTTGAGGC-3' 5'-TCGGCTTCCGGACTTTTCAA-3'
Abcb11 (NM_001363492.1) 5'-GACTTTCCACAGTGGCGTCT-3' 5'-AGCAGAGAAGGCCCTACAGA-3'
Acox1 (NM_015729.3) 5'-GGAGACAGGTTGTCATCGCT-3' 5'-TTCATGACGGAGACCAGTGC-3'
Fgf21 (NM_020013.4) 5'-TCTGAACCTGACCCATCCCT-3' 5'-GTCCCAGGGTCCCAACTCTA-3'
Acc (NM_13360.2) 5'-GCTAAACCAGCACTCCCGAT-3' 5'-GTATCTGAGCTGACGGAGGC-3'
Actin (NM_009609.3) 5'-ACTCTTCCAGCCTTCCTTC-3' 5'-ATCTCCTTCTGCATCCTGTC-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1200142945027453337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783262982861422, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

The primer list of genes for RT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene name Forward primer Reverse primer
Hmgcr (NM_ 001360165.1) 5'-AGAGAACAAGGGTTCACGCC-3' 5'-CCTTGGATCCCACGCGGA-3'
Abca1 (NM_013454.3) 5'-CGACCATGAAAGTGACACGC-3' 5'-AGCACATAGGTCAGCTCGTG-3'
Abcg8 (NM_026180.2) 5'-AAGACCCTTGGGCGTTACAG-3' 5'-CCACTGTGAAAGCCGATCCT-3'
Ldlr (NM_001252658.1) 5'-CCAATCGACTCACGGGTTCA-3' 5'-ACAGTGTCGACTTCTCTAGGC-3'
Cyp27a1 (NM_024264.5) 5'-ACAGGAGGGCAAGTACCCAA-3' 5'-AAAGCCTGACGCAGATGGTA-3'
Oatp1a (NM_013797.5) 5'-CAGGGGCATGCAGGATGTAT-3' 5'-GTCTGGAGAGTGGATGTCGC-3'
Oatp1b (NM_020495.2) 5'-AGAAAGCTTGGGTTGTCGGT-3' 5'-TGAATCCATCGCAGTGCCTT-3'
Oatp1c (NM_001177772.2) 5'-TTCTCCGAGGGTTAGGGGAG-3' 5'-GTCTGCACACACCCGATGTA-3'
Ntcp (NM_001177561.1) 5'-TCTTTTATTTGCCCACAGCTACA-3' 5'-CATCCTCCGACCCAGTGAAC-3'
Abcc2 (NM_013806.2) 5'-ACATCTGCTTCCCTTGAGGC-3' 5'-TCGGCTTCCGGACTTTTCAA-3'
Abcb11 (NM_001363492.1) 5'-GACTTTCCACAGTGGCGTCT-3' 5'-AGCAGAGAAGGCCCTACAGA-3'
Acox1 (NM_015729.3) 5'-GGAGACAGGTTGTCATCGCT-3' 5'-TTCATGACGGAGACCAGTGC-3'
Fgf21 (NM_020013.4) 5'-TCTGAACCTGACCCATCCCT-3' 5'-GTCCCAGGGTCCCAACTCTA-3'
Acc (NM_13360.2) 5'-GCTAAACCAGCACTCCCGAT-3' 5'-GTATCTGAGCTGACGGAGGC-3'
Actin (NM_009609.3) 5'-ACTCTTCCAGCCTTCCTTC-3' 5'-ATCTCCTTCTGCATCCTGTC-3'
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GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的调控作用
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雷蕾 1, # , 翟佳羽 1, # , 周甜 1, 2 , 刘泉 1 , 刘率男 1 , 李彩娜 1, * , 曹慧 1 , 冯存玉 1 , 吴敏 1 , 陈蕾蕾 1 , 雷丽冉 1 , 潘璇 1 , 刘站柱 1 , 环奕 1, * , 申竹芳 1
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(10): 2782-2790
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(10): 2782-2790
GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的调控作用
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雷蕾1, #, 翟佳羽1, #, 周甜1, 2, 刘泉1, 刘率男1, 李彩娜1, * , 曹慧1, 冯存玉1, 吴敏1, 陈蕾蕾1, 雷丽冉1, 潘璇1, 刘站柱1, 环奕1, * , 申竹芳1
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050
  • 2.郑州大学附属儿童医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450018

通讯作者:

*李彩娜, E-mail: ;
环奕, Tel: 86-10-63165194, E-mail:
GPR40 novel agonist SZZ15-11 regulates glucolipid metabolic disorders in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice
Lei LEI1, Jia-yu ZHAI1, Tian ZHOU1, 2, Quan LIU1, Shuai-nan LIU1, Cai-na LI1, * , Hui CAO1, Cun-yu FENG1, Min WU1, Lei-lei CHEN1, Li-ran LEI1, Xuan PAN1, Zhan-zhu LIU1, Yi HUAN1, * , Zhu-fang SHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
出版时间: 2024-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0410
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G蛋白偶联受体40 (G protein-coupled receptor 40, GPR40) 是G蛋白偶联受体家族成员, 对糖脂代谢有重要调控作用。本研究旨在考察新型GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠糖脂代谢的影响, 并探讨其潜在机制。将KKAy小鼠随机分为4组, 一组以0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CMC) 灌胃为模型组(vehicle)、一组以TAK875 (50 mg·kg-1) 灌胃为阳性对照组(TAK), 另两组分别以不同剂量SZZ15-11 (50和100 mg·kg-1) 灌胃为给药组(SZZ 50 mg·kg-1和SZZ 100 mg·kg-1), 每天一次, 共45天。于给药期间, 检测空腹血糖、随机血糖、血甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG) 和总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC) 水平, 进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素耐量试验, 同时通过酶联免疫吸附方法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 测定小鼠血胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平。实验结束后处死小鼠, 取肝组织, 测定TG和TC含量, 用苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色观察肝组织病理形态, 通过Western blot和RT-PCR探讨肝组织脂代谢相关信号通路改变。实验经中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会的审查批准。在人肝肿瘤细胞HepG2和TNFα诱导3T3-L1胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型, 通过Western blot探讨SZZ15-11对胰岛素信号通路和脂联素表达的影响。结果显示, SZZ15-11不仅可降低KKAy小鼠的高血糖、高血脂, 增强胰岛素敏感性, 还可增加小鼠空腹血胰高血糖素水平, 促进糖负荷后胰岛素分泌; 能改善小鼠肝组织脂肪变性, 保护肝功能; 在肝组织中, 可上调AMPKα磷酸化, 使胆固醇代谢相关基因Abcg8表达增加; 在肝细胞和胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型, 可增强胰岛素信号, 明显减弱TNFα对脂联素表达的抑制作用。提示GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11能有效调控糖脂代谢紊乱, 是一新型的、有潜力的抗糖尿病候选化合物。

G蛋白偶联受体40  /  2型糖尿病  /  糖脂代谢  /  肝脂肪变性  /  胰岛素抵抗

G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40, as one of GPRs family, plays a potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. To study the effect of GPR40 novel agonist SZZ15-11 on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and its potential mechanism, spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and murine mature adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were used. KKAy mice were divided into four groups, vehicle group, TAK group, SZZ (50 mg·kg-1) group and SZZ (100 mg·kg-1) group, with oral gavage of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 50 mg·kg-1 TAK875, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 SZZ15-11 respectively for 45 days. Fasting blood glucose, blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), non-fasting blood glucose were tested. Oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were executed. Blood insulin and glucagon were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After mice′s execution, liver tissue was harvested to test TG and TC content. Then pathological morphology of liver was observed through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the lipid metabolism relative signal pathway was analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. At the same time, Akt phosphorylation level in HepG2 cells and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 cells treated with TNFα were measured with Western blot. The results show that SZZ15-11 not only decreased blood glucose and lipid, improved insulin sensitivity, but also increased fasting blood glucagon and promoted insulin secretion after glucose loading in KKAy mice. Additionally, SZZ15-11 alleviated hepatic steatosis and liver dysfunction in KKAy mice. In liver tissue, SZZ15-11 increased AMPKα phosphorylation level and cholesterol metabolism relative gene Abcg8 transcription. In HepG2 cells, SZZ15-11 increased Akt phosphorylation level. In adipocyte 3T3-L1, SZZ15-11 recovered the decreased adiponectin expression by TNFα. This study proved that GPR40 agonist SZZ15-11 could be a candidate compound for regulating glucolipid metabolic disorder.

G protein-coupled receptor 40  /  type 2 diabetes  /  glucose and lipid metabolism  /  hepatic steatosis  /  insulin resistance
雷蕾, 翟佳羽, 周甜, 刘泉, 刘率男, 李彩娜, 曹慧, 冯存玉, 吴敏, 陈蕾蕾, 雷丽冉, 潘璇, 刘站柱, 环奕, 申竹芳. GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的调控作用. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (10) : 2782 -2790 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0410
Lei LEI, Jia-yu ZHAI, Tian ZHOU, Quan LIU, Shuai-nan LIU, Cai-na LI, Hui CAO, Cun-yu FENG, Min WU, Lei-lei CHEN, Li-ran LEI, Xuan PAN, Zhan-zhu LIU, Yi HUAN, Zhu-fang SHEN. GPR40 novel agonist SZZ15-11 regulates glucolipid metabolic disorders in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (10) : 2782 -2790 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0410
G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor, GPR) 40作为膜受体GPRs的成员, 主要表达于中枢神经系统、胰岛β细胞、肠道内分泌I细胞、K细胞和L细胞, 以及免疫细胞[1]。此外, 胰岛α细胞和肝细胞也有GPR40表达[2, 3]。其可被中链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸激活[4]。研究表明, 活化GPR40, 在胰岛β细胞可促进葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌[5], 在肠道内分泌L和K细胞可促进胰高血糖素样肽(glucagon like peptide-1, GLP-1) 和肠抑胃肽(gastric inhibitory poplypeptide, GIP) 分泌[6]。因此, GPR40可作为潜在药物靶点用于抗糖尿病新药开发[7]
化合物SZZ15-11是本实验室发现的新型GPR40激动剂[8]。前期研究发现, SZZ15-11可促进正常ICR小鼠葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌和GLP-1分泌, 降低糖负荷后血糖[8], 可改善高脂饮食诱导肥胖C57BL/6J (diet-induced obesity, DIO) 小鼠的糖脂代谢和脂肪肝[9]。但SZZ15-11对2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的作用尚未系统报道, 其对外周组织胰岛素敏感性的调控作用也需进一步确认。
KKAy小鼠作为一种自发性2型糖尿病动物模型, 主要特征包括肥胖、高血糖、高血脂、高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗、肝脂肪变性等, 与2型糖尿病患者特点相似[10]。因此, 本研究将通过自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠评价SZZ15-11对糖脂代谢紊乱的调控作用, 为其作为候选化合物用于2型糖尿病的治疗提供实验依据。
化合物SZZ15-11由中国医学科学院药物研究所刘站柱教授课题组提供。DMEM培养基和TriZol (货号: 6123152、99088701) 均购自美国Invitrogen公司。胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS) (货号: aq32352999) 购自北京翱擎生物科技有限公司。高脂饲料(D12451) 购自美国Research Diet公司。葡萄糖、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG) 检测试剂盒和总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC) 检测试剂盒(货号: 100020100、100060102、100060092) 均购自中国中生北控生物技术有限公司。丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 检测试剂盒和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 检测试剂盒(货号: C009-2-1、C010-2-1) 均购自南京建成生物技术有限公司。小鼠胰岛素酶联免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 检测试剂盒(货号: 09828) 购自美国ALPCO公司。胰高血糖素ELISA检测试剂盒(货号: P356414) 购自美国R & D公司。RT-PCR所用TransScript One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix试剂盒和TransStart Green qPCR SuperMix试剂盒(货号: AT311、AQ141-04) 均购自中国北京全式金生物技术有限公司。组织蛋白样品制备所用RIPA裂解液、蛋白酶抑制剂和磷酸酶抑制剂(货号: C1053、P1265、P1260)、山羊抗兔IgG/HRP (货号: C1309) 均购自中国北京普利莱基因技术有限公司。HMGCR抗体(货号: ab174830) 购自美国Abcam公司。HSP90抗体、AMPKα抗体、磷酸化AMPKα (pAMPKα) 抗体、Akt抗体、磷酸化Akt (pAkt) 抗体和脂联素(adiponectin) 抗体(货号: 4877、2532、2535、2920、13038、2789) 均购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司。
自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠(37~42 g, 雌性) 购自北京华阜康生物科技有限公司, 饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所SPF级动物房(22 ± 1) ℃, 并给予高脂饲料喂养, 自由摄取食水。动物实验操作过程均依照中国医学科学院《药物研究所动物实验中心标准操作规程》及实验动物管理与使用委员会的要求执行, 并获得审查批准。
小鼠连续高脂喂养4周后禁食4 h, 灌胃给予葡萄糖2.0 g·kg-1, 分别检测空腹血糖、血脂、体重和糖负荷后30 min血糖等。并依据空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、血TG和TC、体重(body weight, BW) 及30 min血糖上升百分数将小鼠随机分为模型组(vehicle)、SZZ15-11低剂量(SZZ 50 mg·kg-1) 和高剂量(SZZ 100 mg·kg-1) 组、阳性对照组(TAK) 共4组(表 1), 每组10只, 分别灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CMC)、SZZ15-11 50和100 mg·kg-1、TAK875 50 mg·kg-1, qd, 连续45天。定期监测摄食量、饮水量和体重, 按实验计划(图 1A) 依次测定相关指标。
采集小鼠的随机血样, 用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测随机血糖(non-fasting blood glucose, NFBG)。小鼠禁食4 h后, 尾尖取血, 用相应方法、试剂盒分别检测FBG、血TG和TC水平。
小鼠禁食4 h, 灌胃给予葡萄糖2.0 g·kg-1, 分别在糖负荷前(0 min)、糖负荷后15、30、60和120 min尾尖取血, 测定血糖, 并计算血糖曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)。
小鼠禁食4 h, 皮下注射0.4 U·kg-1胰岛素, 分别在胰岛素注射前(0 min)、注射后40和90 min尾尖取血, 测定血糖, 并计算AUC。
小鼠禁食4 h, 灌胃给予葡萄糖2.0 g·kg-1, 分别在给糖前(0 min) 和给糖后5 min尾尖取血, 用相应试剂盒检测胰岛素含量。
小鼠禁食4 h, 眼眶取血, 用相应试剂盒检测胰高血糖素水平。
于实验结束后, 处死小鼠, 收集血样和肝组织。用相应试剂盒测定血ALT和AST水平。制备10%肝组织匀浆, 取上清检测肝组织中TG和TC含量。
小部分肝组织用4%多聚甲醛固定、石蜡包埋, 制备5 μm厚组织切片, 进行苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色。显微镜下观察分析肝细胞形态变化。
用TriZol制备肝组织匀浆并抽提组织细胞中的RNA。取1 μg用TransScript One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix试剂盒逆转录合成cDNA。随后通过TransStart Green qPCR SuperMix试剂盒检测肝组织细胞中各基因的mRNA水平。RT-PCR的引物序列见表 2
人肝肿瘤细胞HepG2接种在24孔板中, 用DMEM高糖培养基(含10% FBS、100 u·mL-1青霉素和100 u·mL-1链霉素) 培养至80%融合后, 在含有赋形剂(vehicle) 或1、10 μmol·L-1 SZZ15-11的DMEM低糖培养基饥饿1 h。随后, 更换为含vehicle或1、10 μmol·L-1 SZZ15-11的DMEM高糖培养基, 同时加入10 nmol·L-1胰岛素处理30 min。
小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞3T3-L1在扩展培养基(含10% FBS、100 u·mL-1青霉素和100 u·mL-1链霉素的DMEM高糖培养基) 生长至100%融合后, 再在诱导培养基(含10% FBS、100 u·mL-1青霉素、100 u·mL-1链霉素、0.5 mmol·L-1 3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤、1 μmol·L-1地塞米松和10 μg·mL-1胰岛素的DMEM高糖培养基) 中诱导培养48 h。随后, 将培养基更换为维持培养基(含10% FBS、100 u·mL-1青霉素、100 u·mL-1链霉素和10 μg·mL-1胰岛素的DMEM高糖培养基), 7天后, 细胞分化为成熟脂肪细胞3T3-L1。然后用含vehicle或10 μmol·L-1 SZZ15-11的维持培养基预处理细胞1 h, 再加入50 ng·mL-1 TNFα作用30 min。收集细胞样品用于后续实验。
用含有蛋白酶抑制剂和蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液处理肝组织和细胞样品, 收集上清, 用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒检测样品蛋白浓度, 并配制所有样品至相同浓度, 100 ℃煮样10 min。用10% SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离蛋白并转至PVDF膜进行免疫印迹。
GraphPad Prism 8.0进行绘图和统计分析。数据用x ± s表示, 多组间比较用one-way ANOVA, 随后两组间的比较用t检验。
图 1所示, 与模型组相比, 连续给予SZZ15-11 35天后, 低、高剂量组小鼠的体重均显著降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 阳性化合物TAK875也可显著降低小鼠体重(P < 0.05), 但其对摄食均无明显影响。
图 2AB, 高剂量SZZ15-11 (100 mg·kg-1) 能明显降低小鼠的NFBG (P < 0.001) 和FBG (P < 0.01), 但低剂量SZZ15-11 (50 mg·kg-1) 对小鼠的NFBG和FBG均无显著作用。阳性化合物TAK875可显著降低小鼠的NFBG (P < 0.01), 对FBG无显著作用。
OGTT实验(图 2CD) 中, 高剂量SZZ15-11 (100 mg·kg-1) 可显著降低小鼠0 min (P < 0.05)、糖负荷后15 min (P < 0.001) 和30 min血糖(P < 0.05), 阳性化合物TAK875可显著降低小鼠糖负荷后15 min (P < 0.01)、30 min (P < 0.05) 和60 min血糖(P < 0.05), 其分别使小鼠血糖AUC相较于对照组下降11.0% (P < 0.05) 和13.9% (P < 0.05)。此外, 低剂量SZZ15-11 (50 mg·kg-1) 可显著降低小鼠糖负荷后15 min血糖(P < 0.05), 使小鼠血糖AUC相较于对照组下降6.4%。
ITT实验结果如图 3AB所示, SZZ15-11在100 mg·kg-1剂量下可有效降低小鼠0 min (P < 0.01)、胰岛素注射后40 min (P < 0.01) 和90 min (P < 0.05) 的血糖, 使小鼠血糖AUC相较于对照组减少32.0% (P < 0.01)。但阳性化合物TAK875和50 mg·kg-1 SZZ15-11均对小鼠胰岛素敏感性无显著作用。
以上结果表明, 化合物SZZ15-11在100 mg·kg-1剂量下能改善自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的糖代谢, 并增强小鼠的胰岛素敏感性。
图 4AB所示, SZZ15-11在100 mg·kg-1剂量下可显著降低小鼠的血TG水平(P < 0.05), 但对血TC无明显作用。阳性化合物TAK875和50 mg·kg-1 SZZ15-11对小鼠的血TG和TC均无显著影响。表明化合物SZZ15-11改善自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的高血脂是以降低血TG为主。
小鼠体内血糖变化受胰岛素、胰高血糖素等调节。OGSIST实验结果如图 4C所示, 相较于对照组, SZZ15-11低、高剂量组小鼠的空腹血胰岛素水平均无明显变化, 但糖负荷后5 min均显著增加(P < 0.001, P < 0.05), 作用与阳性化合物TAK875相似。随后检测小鼠的空腹血胰高血糖素, 结果如图 4D所示, SZZ15-11在50和100 mg·kg-1剂量下均可显著升高小鼠的空腹血胰高血糖素水平(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 阳性化合物TAK875也可增加血胰高血糖素水平(P < 0.001)。提示化合物SZZ15-11可有效改善自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的胰岛素、胰高血糖素分泌, 在降血糖的同时, 可能不易引起低血糖。
自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的肝组织脂质定量检测显示, 与对照组相比, SZZ15-11低、高剂量组小鼠肝组织TG含量均明显减少(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图 5A), TC含量无明显改变(图 5B)。与此同时, SZZ15-11高剂量组的血ALT也显著降低(P < 0.05, 图 5C), 但血AST无明显改变(图 5D)。肝组织病理形态(HE染色) 结果显示, SZZ15-11低、高剂量组小鼠的脂肪肝均有不同程度减轻, 肝细胞空泡变性明显减少(图 5E)。以上作用均与阳性化合物TAK875相似。表明化合物SZZ15-11能缓解自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的肝脂肪变性, 改善肝功能。
检测分析小鼠肝组织中脂质代谢相关信号通路变化, 发现SZZ15-11 (100 mg·kg-1) 可显著上调AMPKα磷酸化水平(P < 0.001), 使AMPKα活性增强(图 6AC), 对HMGCR表达无明显影响(图 6AB)。同时使胆固醇代谢相关基因Abcg8表达增加(P < 0.05), 胆汁酸转运相关基因Abcb11表达减少(P < 0.05, 图 6D)。表明化合物SZZ15-11可通过增加AMPKα活性改善自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的肝脂肪变性。
图 7所示, 在人肝肿瘤细胞HepG2中, 胰岛素刺激后Akt磷酸化水平显著升高(P < 0.05)。同时, SZZ15-11可使胰岛素作用下细胞中Akt磷酸化水平进一步显著增加(P < 0.01), 但对无胰岛素刺激的HepG2细胞无明显影响。表明化合物SZZ15-11激活了HepG2细胞内的胰岛素信号通路, 增强胰岛素敏感性。
脂肪细胞分泌的脂联素可有效增强外周组织的胰岛素敏感性。利用TNFα诱导成熟脂肪细胞3T3-L1形成胰岛素抵抗细胞模型, 通过Western blot检测发现TNFα可显著减少细胞中脂联素表达(P < 0.01), 降低Akt磷酸化水平(P < 0.01), 而SZZ15-11可明显减弱TNFα对脂联素表达的抑制作用(P < 0.01), 增加Akt磷酸化水平(P < 0.05, 图 8)。提示化合物SZZ15-11可有效改善胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型的状态。
GPR40激动剂作为一种新型抗糖尿病候选药物, 在临床上证明可有效控制血糖, 但尚未有化合物获批用于临床治疗[11]。据报道, GPR40激动剂TAK875因肝毒性终止于临床Ⅲ期试验[12]。因此, 开发新的安全有效的GPR40激动剂仍备受关注。本课题组发现的化合物SZZ15-11对GPR40的激动活性与TAK875接近[8]。本研究证实在自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠中, SZZ15-11可改善小鼠的高血糖、高血脂, 增强胰岛素敏感性。此外, 还可有效缓解小鼠的肝脂肪变性, 改善肝功能。
研究表明, 激活GPR40可促进胰岛素、胰高血糖素和肠促胰岛素类激素分泌[5, 6, 13]。本课题组前期研究证实GPR40激动剂SZZ15-11可促进正常ICR小鼠葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌和GLP-1分泌[8]。本研究在自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠进一步证实SZZ15-11可促进糖负荷后胰岛素分泌, 增加空腹血胰高血糖素水平。这不仅可预防低血糖的发生, 还可能通过胰高血糖素受体调控肝细胞脂质代谢, 改善脂肪肝[14]
在外周组织中, 如肝脏、脂肪、肌肉等, 胰岛素与胰岛素受体结合后, 可激活下游信号通路, 主要通过上调Akt磷酸化水平发挥胰岛素功能[15, 16]。本研究在人肝肿瘤细胞HepG2证实SZZ15-11可通过激活胰岛素信号通路, 增强胰岛素敏感性, 同时可改善TNFα诱导3T3-L1胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型的状态。但这些作用是否与GPR40受体有直接关系尚需进一步研究。
脂联素作为脂肪因子, 主要由白色脂肪组织分泌, 其含量减少是肥胖引起胰岛素抵抗或2型糖尿病发生发展的重要因素之一[17]。其通过脂联素受体可有效调控外周组织的胰岛素敏感性, 改善肝细胞的糖脂代谢, 降低体重[18]。TNFα可使脂肪细胞脂联素表达明显减少[19]。本研究利用分化成熟的脂肪细胞3T3-L1, 研究证实化合物SZZ15-11可减轻TNFα对脂联素表达的抑制作用, 提示SZZ15-11在自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的胰岛素增敏和减体重作用可能与脂联素表达增加有关。
化合物SZZ15-11缓解自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠肝脂肪变性的作用除与胰高血糖素、胰岛素增敏作用和脂联素密切相关外, 还与AMPKα通路活化有关。研究表明, 不仅脂联素可上调AMPKα磷酸化[20], 前期研究也证实GPR40活化与AMPKα磷酸化有直接关系[9]。本研究通过提取KKAy小鼠的肝组织蛋白证实SZZ15-11确可促进AMPKα磷酸化。此外, 还可使胆固醇代谢相关基因Abcg8表达增加。但小鼠肝组织脂质定量结果显示SZZ15-11主要影响肝组织TG含量, 对TC无明显作用, 这与前期DIO小鼠上的结果不一致——SZZ15-11可同时减少DIO小鼠肝组织的TG和TC含量[9]。可能与SZZ15-11对KKAy小鼠肝组织HMGCR表达作用不明显有关(图 6AB)。
有研究报道GPR40激动剂TAK875的肝毒性与其抑制胆汁酸转运有关[21, 22]。本研究发现化合物SZZ15-11可使自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠肝组织胆汁酸转运相关基因Abcb11表达下调, 提示SZZ15-11是否会影响小鼠肝细胞胆汁酸转运?虽然研究表明SZZ15-11可降低KKAy小鼠的血ALT, 有效改善肝功能, 但在后续研究中, 本课题组仍需进一步证实SZZ15-11是否影响胆汁酸转运, 以及SZZ15-11是否存在潜在的毒副作用。
综上所述, SZZ15-11作为新型GPR40激动剂, 可有效改善自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱, 可缓解肝脂肪变性, 保护肝功能。本研究为SZZ15-11开发成为一种新型、有潜力的抗2型糖尿病候选化合物提供依据。
作者贡献: 雷蕾进行整体实验数据分析并撰写论文; 翟佳羽、周甜进行整体实验和数据分析; 刘泉、刘率男、曹慧参与体内动物实验; 冯存玉、吴敏、陈蕾蕾、雷丽冉参与细胞分子生物学实验; 潘璇、刘站柱设计和合成化合物; 李彩娜、环奕指导实验方案设计并修改论文; 申竹芳对课题进行指导。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81803597)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82200883)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82373922)
  • 中国医学科学院创新工程项目(2022-I2M-2-002)
  • 中国医学科学院创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-026)
  • 河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(222102310496)
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2024年第59卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0410
  • 接收时间:2024-04-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28
  • 修回日期:2024-07-29
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81803597)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82200883)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82373922)
中国医学科学院创新工程项目(2022-I2M-2-002)
中国医学科学院创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-026)
河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(222102310496)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050
    2.郑州大学附属儿童医院药学部, 河南 郑州 450018

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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