Article(id=1199783257815482627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0189, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709481600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-04, revisedDate=1714838400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980219558, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1728662400000, pubDateStr=2024-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980219558, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980219558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980219558, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783256183898355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='10', pageStart='2677', pageEnd='2896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980219168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225034160, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810084742844917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810084742844918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783256183898355, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2763, endPage=2772, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783258092306703, articleId=1199783257815482627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides alleviates bone deterioration in type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritic rats through down-regulating GSK-3β to inhibit JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides (MOIG) on bone loss of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats, and the mechanism of osteoclast function and activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RA rats were established by injecting bovin type Ⅱ collagen. The Bio-ethic Committee of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University approved all experimental protocols associated with this study (IACUC-20180410-03). The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were administered drug by gavage for 8 weeks; the femoral trabecular micro-structure changes were observed in CIA rats by micro-CT; the LPS-induced osteoclasts model further observed the effect and mechanism of anti-inflammatory osteoporosis in vitro. The results indicated that MOIG could markedly increase bone mineral density (BMD) in CIA rats, improve trabecular micro-structure. In vitro studies demonstrated that MOIG could significantly inhibit osteoclastogensis and differentiation, suppress tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, F-actin ring formation, TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) recruitment, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-Bα (IκBα) degradation as well as p65 phosphorylation, thereby repressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation. Subsequently, MOIG effectively inhibited osteoclast nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) and cellular oncogene Fos (c-Fos) expression, as well as bone resorption related protein activity including matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin K (CtsK). Meanwhile, MOIG also repressed the phosphorylation expression of Janus activating kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), thereby inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. Moreover, further studies found that MOIG could suppress glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity, and GSK-3β gene silencing could markedly inhibit oetsoclast F-actin ring formation as well as the phosphorylation expression of p65 and STAT3. Of note, compared with GSK-3β gene silencing group, there was no significant difference in the group treated with both MOIG with GSK-3β gene silencing simultaneously. Thus, the results suggested that MOIG may inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation via regulating GSK-3β, thereby alleviating bone destruction in RA.

, correspAuthors=Lu-ping QIN, Qiao-yan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi SHEN, Yi-qi SUN, He-ming LI, Xin-yuan YE, Jin-man DU, Rong-hua BAO, Quan-long ZHANG, Lu-ping QIN, Qiao-yan ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783260390785365, articleId=1199783257815482627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=巴戟天环烯醚萜苷下调GSK-3β抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB通路减轻Ⅱ型胶原诱导的关节炎大鼠骨破坏的机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨巴戟天环烯醚萜苷(Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides, MOIG) 对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 大鼠骨丢失的治疗作用, 并对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的破骨细胞功能和活性的作用机制。应用牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导类风湿关节炎大鼠(type Ⅱ collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats, CIA) 为模型(实验中所有操作均获得浙江中医药大学生物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: IACUC-20180410-03), 灌胃给药8周, 显微CT观察CIA大鼠的骨小梁微结构变化, LPS诱导破骨细胞模型进一步观察体外抗炎症性骨质疏松的作用机制。结果表明MOIG显著增加CIA大鼠骨密度, 改善骨小梁微结构。体外实验表明, MOIG抑制破骨细胞形成分化、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性和F-actin环的形成, 抑制TNF受体相关因子6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6, TRAF6) 的募集和核因子κB抑制蛋白[inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IκBα] 的降解及p65的磷酸化表达, 从而抑制NF-κB通路的激活; 同时有效抑制破骨细胞活化T-细胞核因子1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, NFATc1) 和c-Fos (cellular oncogene fos) 的表达, 以及基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9) 和组织蛋白酶K (cathepsin K, CtsK) 的活性; MOIG还抑制Janus激酶2 (Janus activating kinase 2, JAK2)/信号传导和转录激活蛋白3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 蛋白的磷酸化表达, 从而抑制JAK2/STAT3通路的激活。进一步研究发现, MOIG显著抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK-3β) 的活性, GSK-3β基因沉默显著抑制破骨细胞F-actin环的形成、p65的磷酸化以及STAT3信号的激活, 且MOIG和GSK-3β基因沉默同时作用后的效果没有明显差异。因此, MOIG可通过调控GSK-3β抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB通路的激活来减缓RA的骨破坏。

, correspAuthors=秦路平, 张巧艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*秦路平, E-mail: ;
张巧艳, E-mail:
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Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou 311400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200142929663721560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, companyId=1200142929646944342, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.杭州市富阳中医骨伤医院, 浙江 杭州 311400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200142937842614739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zn4b25dnBZ+N4BhHP40DQg==, figureFileBig=X27vCSY0GMPmTI1VApnJBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142937993609689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= 2D and 3D micro-CT of CIA rat femur. CIA: Collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis; Alen: Alendronate; MOIG: <i>Morinda officinalis</i> iridoid glycosides , figureFileSmall=zn4b25dnBZ+N4BhHP40DQg==, figureFileBig=X27vCSY0GMPmTI1VApnJBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142938169770466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KcESerB9Dfw79gdHjJxL/A==, figureFileBig=0uSULY7+gY5svfEIb5wEug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142938303988198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of MOIG on the formation and differentiation as well as F-actin ring formation of OCs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A: Effect of MOIG on the proliferation of OCs; B: BMMs were incubated for 2 d with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor <i>κ</i>B ligand (RANKL). These preosteoclasts (pOCs) were further incubated for 6 d with M-CSF in the absence or presence of LPS. OCs were stained for TRAP activity; C, D: Inhibitory effects of MOIG on the formation of OCs; E, F: The number of TRAP (+) OC with ≥ 3 nuclei (E) and average area (μm<sup>2</sup>, F); G: TRAP activity of OCs treated with MOIG measured by <i>p</i>-nitrophenyl sodium phosphate method; H: F-actin rings of OCs were stained with phalloidin and DAPI respectively, and then imaged with a fuorescence microscope (×400). →Blue arrow indicates OCs; →Red arrow indicates the wall thickness of the F-actin rings. <i>n</i> = 4, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> LPS group. TRAP: Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase; OC: Osteoclast , figureFileSmall=KcESerB9Dfw79gdHjJxL/A==, figureFileBig=0uSULY7+gY5svfEIb5wEug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142938505314799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/MagWXxHg/OPPs/G1syhIw==, figureFileBig=pV6xnhWvRVoP6Q1PI2yYFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142938639532529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of MOIG on transcription factors and bone resorption protein in OCs induced by LPS. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> LPS group. NFATc1: Nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1; c-Fos: Cellular oncogene fos; MMP-9: Matrix metalloprotein 9; CtsK: Cathepsin K , figureFileSmall=/MagWXxHg/OPPs/G1syhIw==, figureFileBig=pV6xnhWvRVoP6Q1PI2yYFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142938807304700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=B5h+YqeedzXXRscoQl9NzQ==, figureFileBig=K8Ulx9JjYijF78rYpFkhcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142938945716743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of MOIG on the NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in OCs induced by LPS. A: The images of Western blot for TRAF6, p-p65, p65 and I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i> of OCs induced by LPS at different time points; B-D: The quantification analysis of TRAF6, I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i> and p-p65/p65 based on the results of (A) by using an ECL detection system, respectively; E: The images of Western blot for p-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT3, STAT3, p-GSK-3<i>β</i> and GSK-3<i>β</i>; F-H: The quantification analysis of p-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT3, STAT3, p-GSK-3<i>β</i> and GSK-3<i>β</i> based on the results of (E) by using an ECL detection system, respectively. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> LPS group. NF-<i>κ</i>B: Nuclear factor kappa-B; JAK2: Janus activating kinase 2; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i>: Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B; GSK-3<i>β</i>: Glycogen synthase kinase-3<i>β</i> , figureFileSmall=B5h+YqeedzXXRscoQl9NzQ==, figureFileBig=K8Ulx9JjYijF78rYpFkhcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142939084128780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2QGxAG0Mn0gYJ14zN77Jqg==, figureFileBig=b2ddZsDNyqLFAIUbSTpIPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142939226735121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of MOIG on F-actin ring formation as well as NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway and STAT3 signaling in OCs with GSK-3<i>β</i> gene interference. A: Three different gene interference sites of GSK-3<i>β</i>; B: F-actin rings of OCs stained with phalloidin and DAPI respectively, and then imaged with a fluorescence microscope (×400); C: The images of Western blot for p65, p-p65, STAT3 and p-STAT3 of OCs; D, E: The images and quantification analysis of Western blot for p-p65, p65, p-STAT3 and STAT3. Red arrow indicates the wall thickness of the F-actin rings. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> si-NC group; <sup>△</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> si-NC+MOIG group. NC: Normal control , figureFileSmall=2QGxAG0Mn0gYJ14zN77Jqg==, figureFileBig=b2ddZsDNyqLFAIUbSTpIPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200142939369341462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group BMD/mg·cc-1 BV·TV-1/% BS·BV-1/1·mm-1 Tb.Th/mm Tb.N/1·mm-1 Tb.Sp/mm
Normal 306.38±26.76 0.30±0.05 25.30±1.92 0.079±0.006 3.82±0.37 0.19±0.04
CIA model 168.86±42.51*** 0.07±0.08** 42.84±11.98*** 0.050±0.012*** 1.11±1.07** 1.83±1.44**
Alen/1.0 mg·kg-1 297.67±51.16△△△ 0.28±0.11△△ 26.44±3.80△△△ 0.070±0.015△△ 3.84±1.16△△ 0.15±0.04△△
MOIG/25 mg·kg-1 262.34±64.43△△△ 0.21±0.12 29.05±5.44△△△ 0.071±0.013△△ 2.77±1.31 0.40±0.28
MOIG/50 mg·kg-1 246.04±50.49△△ 0.19±0.08 31.17±8.71△△ 0.068±0.017△△ 2.67±0.65 0.33±0.14
MOIG/100 mg·kg-1 310.61±32.35△△△ 0.30±0.07△△ 23.85±2.77△△△ 0.085±0.009△△△ 3.48±0.46△△ 0.21±0.05△△
), ArticleFig(id=1200142939507753497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783257815482627, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of MOIG on bone histomorphometry in CIA rats. n = 9, x ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs normal group; P < 0.05, △△P < 0.01, △△△P < 0.001 vs CIA model group. BMD: Bone mineral density; BV·TV-1: Bone volume fraction; BS·BV-1: Ratio of bone surface to bone volume; Tb.Th: Trabecular thickness; Tb.N: Trabecular number; Tb.Sp: Trabecular separation/spacing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group BMD/mg·cc-1 BV·TV-1/% BS·BV-1/1·mm-1 Tb.Th/mm Tb.N/1·mm-1 Tb.Sp/mm
Normal 306.38±26.76 0.30±0.05 25.30±1.92 0.079±0.006 3.82±0.37 0.19±0.04
CIA model 168.86±42.51*** 0.07±0.08** 42.84±11.98*** 0.050±0.012*** 1.11±1.07** 1.83±1.44**
Alen/1.0 mg·kg-1 297.67±51.16△△△ 0.28±0.11△△ 26.44±3.80△△△ 0.070±0.015△△ 3.84±1.16△△ 0.15±0.04△△
MOIG/25 mg·kg-1 262.34±64.43△△△ 0.21±0.12 29.05±5.44△△△ 0.071±0.013△△ 2.77±1.31 0.40±0.28
MOIG/50 mg·kg-1 246.04±50.49△△ 0.19±0.08 31.17±8.71△△ 0.068±0.017△△ 2.67±0.65 0.33±0.14
MOIG/100 mg·kg-1 310.61±32.35△△△ 0.30±0.07△△ 23.85±2.77△△△ 0.085±0.009△△△ 3.48±0.46△△ 0.21±0.05△△
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巴戟天环烯醚萜苷下调GSK-3β抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB通路减轻Ⅱ型胶原诱导的关节炎大鼠骨破坏的机制
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沈燚 1 , 孙艺琦 1 , 李鹤鸣 1 , 叶欣园 1 , 杜金蔓 1 , 鲍荣华 2 , 张泉龙 1 , 秦路平 1, * , 张巧艳 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(10): 2763-2772
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(10): 2763-2772
巴戟天环烯醚萜苷下调GSK-3β抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB通路减轻Ⅱ型胶原诱导的关节炎大鼠骨破坏的机制
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沈燚1, 孙艺琦1, 李鹤鸣1, 叶欣园1, 杜金蔓1, 鲍荣华2, 张泉龙1, 秦路平1, * , 张巧艳1, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江中医药大学药学院, 浙江 杭州 310053
  • 2.杭州市富阳中医骨伤医院, 浙江 杭州 311400

通讯作者:

*秦路平, E-mail: ;
张巧艳, E-mail:
Mechanism of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides alleviates bone deterioration in type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritic rats through down-regulating GSK-3β to inhibit JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway
Yi SHEN1, Yi-qi SUN1, He-ming LI1, Xin-yuan YE1, Jin-man DU1, Rong-hua BAO2, Quan-long ZHANG1, Lu-ping QIN1, * , Qiao-yan ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
  • 2. Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou 311400, China
出版时间: 2024-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0189
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探讨巴戟天环烯醚萜苷(Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides, MOIG) 对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 大鼠骨丢失的治疗作用, 并对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的破骨细胞功能和活性的作用机制。应用牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导类风湿关节炎大鼠(type Ⅱ collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats, CIA) 为模型(实验中所有操作均获得浙江中医药大学生物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: IACUC-20180410-03), 灌胃给药8周, 显微CT观察CIA大鼠的骨小梁微结构变化, LPS诱导破骨细胞模型进一步观察体外抗炎症性骨质疏松的作用机制。结果表明MOIG显著增加CIA大鼠骨密度, 改善骨小梁微结构。体外实验表明, MOIG抑制破骨细胞形成分化、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性和F-actin环的形成, 抑制TNF受体相关因子6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6, TRAF6) 的募集和核因子κB抑制蛋白[inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IκBα] 的降解及p65的磷酸化表达, 从而抑制NF-κB通路的激活; 同时有效抑制破骨细胞活化T-细胞核因子1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, NFATc1) 和c-Fos (cellular oncogene fos) 的表达, 以及基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9) 和组织蛋白酶K (cathepsin K, CtsK) 的活性; MOIG还抑制Janus激酶2 (Janus activating kinase 2, JAK2)/信号传导和转录激活蛋白3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 蛋白的磷酸化表达, 从而抑制JAK2/STAT3通路的激活。进一步研究发现, MOIG显著抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK-3β) 的活性, GSK-3β基因沉默显著抑制破骨细胞F-actin环的形成、p65的磷酸化以及STAT3信号的激活, 且MOIG和GSK-3β基因沉默同时作用后的效果没有明显差异。因此, MOIG可通过调控GSK-3β抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB通路的激活来减缓RA的骨破坏。

巴戟天环烯醚萜苷  /  类风湿关节炎  /  骨丢失  /  破骨细胞  /  NF-κB通路  /  JAK2/STAT3通路

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides (MOIG) on bone loss of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats, and the mechanism of osteoclast function and activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RA rats were established by injecting bovin type Ⅱ collagen. The Bio-ethic Committee of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University approved all experimental protocols associated with this study (IACUC-20180410-03). The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were administered drug by gavage for 8 weeks; the femoral trabecular micro-structure changes were observed in CIA rats by micro-CT; the LPS-induced osteoclasts model further observed the effect and mechanism of anti-inflammatory osteoporosis in vitro. The results indicated that MOIG could markedly increase bone mineral density (BMD) in CIA rats, improve trabecular micro-structure. In vitro studies demonstrated that MOIG could significantly inhibit osteoclastogensis and differentiation, suppress tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, F-actin ring formation, TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) recruitment, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-Bα (IκBα) degradation as well as p65 phosphorylation, thereby repressing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation. Subsequently, MOIG effectively inhibited osteoclast nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) and cellular oncogene Fos (c-Fos) expression, as well as bone resorption related protein activity including matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin K (CtsK). Meanwhile, MOIG also repressed the phosphorylation expression of Janus activating kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), thereby inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. Moreover, further studies found that MOIG could suppress glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity, and GSK-3β gene silencing could markedly inhibit oetsoclast F-actin ring formation as well as the phosphorylation expression of p65 and STAT3. Of note, compared with GSK-3β gene silencing group, there was no significant difference in the group treated with both MOIG with GSK-3β gene silencing simultaneously. Thus, the results suggested that MOIG may inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation via regulating GSK-3β, thereby alleviating bone destruction in RA.

Morinda officinalis iridoid glycoside  /  rheumatoid arthritis  /  bone loss  /  osteoclast  /  NF-κB signaling pathway  /  JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
沈燚, 孙艺琦, 李鹤鸣, 叶欣园, 杜金蔓, 鲍荣华, 张泉龙, 秦路平, 张巧艳. 巴戟天环烯醚萜苷下调GSK-3β抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB通路减轻Ⅱ型胶原诱导的关节炎大鼠骨破坏的机制. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (10) : 2763 -2772 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0189
Yi SHEN, Yi-qi SUN, He-ming LI, Xin-yuan YE, Jin-man DU, Rong-hua BAO, Quan-long ZHANG, Lu-ping QIN, Qiao-yan ZHANG. Mechanism of Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides alleviates bone deterioration in type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritic rats through down-regulating GSK-3β to inhibit JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (10) : 2763 -2772 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0189
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 是一种全身性的自身免疫性疾病, 其特征是炎症性滑膜炎, 并伴有关节软骨和关节囊的破坏, 最终导致关节强直畸形[1]。破骨细胞(osteoclasts, OC) 是唯一骨吸收功能的多核巨细胞, 其形成分化受巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony stimulating factor, M-CSF) 和受体激活的核因子κB配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, RANKL) 的调控, 且其异位分化和激活对于RA炎症关节中的骨质破坏至关重要[2, 3]。在RA炎症状态下, RANKL被过度激活, 刺激破骨细胞的形成、分化和骨吸收作用, 导致骨基质降解和骨质破坏[4]。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 作为炎症性疾病的重要媒介, 可诱导巨噬细胞RANKL的表达, 促进OCs的形成、融合和存活[5]。因此, 抑制破骨细胞功能和骨吸收活性, 可有效地减缓RA引发的骨破坏。
目前用于治疗RA的药物主要有糖皮质激素、抗风湿药、非甾体抗炎和生物制剂药等, 但长期服用会引起严重的不良反应, 如肝肾损伤、胃肠道毒性、骨髓抑制等[6, 7]。因此, 研究开发治疗RA的高效低毒的特效药依然是一项严峻的挑战。根据中医理论, RA是由肝肾亏损、寒湿阻痹引起的, 中医常用祛风散寒、除湿通络、滋补肝肾的方法来进行治疗[8]。中药巴戟天为茜草科植物巴戟天Morinda officinalis How.的干燥肉质根, 具有补肝肾、强筋骨、祛风湿的作用[9]。研究发现, 巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分(Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides, MOIG) 具有抗炎镇痛、抗骨质疏松和抗氧化等多种药理作用[10]。课题组前期研究发现水晶兰苷可通过抑制核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB) 通路的激活, 缓解LPS诱导的小鼠骨丢失, 并增强LPS损伤的MC3T3-E1细胞的骨形成活性[11, 12]。此外, 应用LPS诱导的骨髓单核细胞(bone marrow mononuclear cells, BMMs) 来源的OC为模型, 发现水晶兰苷能通过NF-κB和蛋白激酶B/糖原合成酶激酶-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK-3β) 信号通路抑制活化T细胞核因子1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, NFATc1), 从而抑制OC的形成和骨吸收[13]。另一项研究进一步表明, N-乙酰半胱氨酸可以通过减少LPS诱导的BMMs来源的破骨细胞生成过程中的活性氧形成来恢复骨重塑平衡, 从而减轻LPS诱导的骨溶解[14]。在RA中, 高度激活的NF-κB和Janus激酶(Janus kinase, JAK)/信号传导和转录激活蛋白3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 通路会导致破骨细胞骨吸收异常, 而GSK-3β能诱导炎症因子释放, 并调控NF-κB和JAK/STAT3通路[15]。目前, 尚未有研究报道抑制GSK-3β的活性能否减轻RA引发的骨破坏。因此, 本研究以牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导的类风湿关节炎大鼠(bovine type Ⅱ collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats, CIA) 为模型, 观察大鼠的骨丢失情况, 以及LPS诱导的BMMs来源的OC为模型, 观察MOIG对OC功能的作用和MOIG调控GSK-3β对OC功能的影响, 以阐明MOIG防治RA导致骨丢失的作用机制。
54只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠, 3月龄, 体重(160~180) g, 购于上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司, 饲养于浙江中医药大学实验动物中心[许可证号: SCXK (浙) 2013-0016]。饲养条件: 室温(25 ± 2) ℃的环境下, 清洁级喂养, 自由饮水及进食。本研究按照《动物福利伦理审查导则》 (GB/T 35892-2018) 的建议进行, 并经浙江中医药大学生物伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-20180410-03)。
巴戟天环烯醚萜苷类成分是从巴戟天干燥的肉质根中提取纯化的有效部位, 主要含有水晶兰苷、去乙酰基车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷, 4种成分经大孔树脂富集后含量达到60%以上[10]; 阿仑膦酸钠(杭州默沙东制药有限公司, Alen, 批号J20130085); 牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和弗式不完全佐剂(美国Sigma公司, 货号分别为180055和SLBQ2284V); 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)、α-modified minimal essential medium (α-MEM)、磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution, PBS) 和青霉素/链霉素(美国Gibco公司, 货号分别为10091-141C、C12571500BT、BL302A和15140-122)。M-CSF和sRANKL (美国Peprotech公司, 货号分别为315-02-10和315-11C-10)。组织蛋白酶K (cathepsin K, CtsK) 和p-JAK2抗体(美国Abcam公司, 货号分别为ab300569和ab32101)。抗c-Fos、基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9) 和TNF受体相关因子6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6, TRAF6) 抗体(武汉博士德生物技术公司, 货号分别为BA0207-2、PB9669和BM4061)。核因子κB抑制蛋白α (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-Bα, IκBα)、NFATc1、GSK-3β、p-GSK-3β、p65、p-p65、STAT3、p-STAT3、JAK2和GAPDH抗体(美国Cell Signaling Technology, 货号分别为8032S、4812S、5558S、12456S、8242S、3033S、4904S、9145S、3230S和2118S)。鬼笔环肽(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司, phalloidin, 型号为P5282)。DAPI和BCA蛋白检测试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术公司, 货号分别为C1005和P0012)。si-GSK-3β套装(广州锐博生物技术有限公司, 货号Pack1999); RFectPM原代细胞小核酸转染试剂(常州百代生物科技股份有限公司, 货号11015)。
连续波长酶标仪(美国Bio-TEK公司, 型号ELx800); 精密电子天平(上海恒平科学仪器有限公司, 型号JA1003); OLYMPUS光学显微镜(奥林巴斯公司, 型号BX61VS)。
将质量浓度为2 mg·mL-1 Ⅱ型胶原醋酸溶液按1∶1滴加至冷的弗氏不完全佐剂中, 在冰浴下不断搅拌, 直至两种液体乳化完全, 滴在水中30 s不散开, 即得乳剂。初次免疫用一次性1 mL消毒注射器吸取乳剂, 在大鼠距离尾根部2 cm处皮内注射0.2 mL乳剂, 正常大鼠只在相同部位注射等量的生理盐水; 21天后用同样方法于相同部位加强注射1次。
将模型大鼠按炎症的发展程度随机分成5组, 分别为模型组(CIA model)、阿仑膦酸钠组(Alen/1.0 mg·kg-1)、巴戟天环烯醚萜苷低、中、高剂量组(MOIG/25、50、100 mg·kg-1), 每组9只。从28天开始, 各组大鼠以10 mL·kg-1剂量灌胃给药, 每天1次, 连续8周。正常组与模型组分别给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠。实验过程中每周称量大鼠体重1次, 根据大鼠体重调整给药剂量。
大鼠以乌拉坦0.75 g·kg-1的剂量麻醉后处死, 取右后肢剔除多余的肌肉组织, 用4%多聚甲醛固定24 h以上, 采用micro-CT (美国eXplore Locus SP公司V2.1.2版) 分析股骨远端骨组织形态计量学参数。将获得的图像导入Micview V2.1.2软件进行三维重建。参数校正基于特定的扫描方[16]。三维重建骨图像后, 使用Advanced Bone Analysis软件测量形态学参数, 包括骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD; mg·cc-1)、骨体积分数(bone volume fraction, BVF或BV·TV-1; %)、骨表面积与骨体积比值(ratio of bone surface to bone volume, BS·BV-1; 1·mm-1)、骨小梁厚度(trabecular thickness, Tb.Th; mm)、骨小梁数(trabecular number, Tb.N; 1·mm-1)、骨小梁分离(trabecular separation/spacing, Tb.Sp; mm)。
取6~8周龄C57BL/6雄鼠, 脱颈椎处死后用75%乙醇溶液浸泡10 min。超净台下取下股骨和胫骨, 去除肌肉等多余组织, 用5 mL注射器吸取完全培养基将骨髓腔内的骨髓细胞冲出, 收集冲洗液, 1 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 沉淀使用红细胞裂解液处理2 min以去除红细胞, 1 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 细胞用PBS洗涤2次, 即得新鲜骨髓细胞[17]。将提取得到的骨髓细胞用含5 ng·mL-1 M-CSF的完全培养基在37 ℃及5% CO2培养箱中培养24 h。将未贴壁细胞转移至离心管中, 1 000 r·min-1离心10 min。收集底部细胞用含30 ng·mL-1 M-CSF完全培养基进行培养3天, 即得BMMs。
BMMs以1×104个/孔的密度接种于96孔板中, 以30 ng·mL-1 M-CSF和浓度为0.04、0.4、4 μg·mL-1 MOIG培养液培养48 h后, 吸弃旧的培养基, 每孔加入100 μL完全培养基和10 μL CCK-8溶液, 37 ℃孵育1 h, 450 nm波长处测定吸光度值。
BMMs以1×104个/孔的密度接种于96孔培养板中, 以30 ng·mL-1 M-CSF和20 ng·mL-1 sRANKL的完全培养基诱导48 h。随后, 用30 ng·mL-1 M-CSF、200 ng·mL-1 LPS以及浓度为0.04、0.4、4 μg·mL-1 MOIG完全培养液培养6天, 每3天换液1次, 第6天镜下计数破骨细胞, 弃去培养液, 用PBS洗涤两次, 使用20 μL 1% Triton X-100室温破裂细胞30 min, 加入TRAP反应液100 μL, 37 ℃孵育30 min, 迅速加入100 μL TRAP反应终止液, 405 nm测定吸光度值, TRAP活性用每100个破骨细胞生成的对硝基苯酚的摩尔数表示。对于TRAP阳性的多核细胞染色, OCs用4%多聚甲醛固定, 并使用TRAP试剂盒染色。使用倒置显微镜对含有3个或更多核的OCs的数量和面积进行计数和拍照。
将BMMs细胞诱导的破骨细胞接种于直径为20 mm的共聚焦培养皿中, 用0.04、0.4、4 μg·mL-1 MOIG处理6天, 4%多聚甲醛固定30 min, 0.1% Triton X-100渗透5 min, 用FITC-phalloidin孵育45 min, DAPI染色10 min, 每个操作步骤均需用PBS清洗细胞2次, 激光共聚焦显微镜拍摄。
将BMMs细胞诱导的破骨细胞以2×105个/孔铺入6孔板, 待细胞贴壁生长至60%~70%; 干扰试剂制备: 分别取si-NC和si-GSK-3β试剂各5 μL, 加入195 μL无血清培养基, 吹打混匀, 室温孵育5 min; 转染试剂制备: 取RFectPM原代细胞小核酸转染试剂32 μL, 加入768 μL无血清培养基, 吹打混匀, 室温孵育5 min; 取200 μL转染试剂分别加入干扰试剂管中, 吹打混匀, 室温孵育20 min; 分别加入1 600 μL完全培养基吹打混匀, 再加入对应的6孔板中, 置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱培养, 转染24 h后收集细胞, Western blot分析转染效率。
取出细胞弃去培养液, PBS洗涤2次, 加入适量的IP蛋白裂解液裂解细胞, 冰上裂解30 min, 4 ℃ 12 000 r·min-1离心20 min, 获得蛋白质上清液。采用BCA蛋白质检测试剂盒测得蛋白含量。通过10% SDS-PAGE凝胶分离蛋白质, 并将蛋白湿转至PVDF膜上。将膜与5%的牛血清蛋白常温孵育2 h, 然后在4 ℃下与一抗稀释液(NFATc1、c-Fos、MMP-9、CtsK、p65、p-p65、IκBα、TRAF6、p-JAK2、JAK2、p-STAT3、STAT3、GAPDH稀释比例均为1∶1 000) 孵育过夜, TBST洗3次后, 与HRP偶联的山羊抗兔IgG (稀释1∶3 000) 室温孵育1 h。TBST洗3次后, 采用ECL试剂盒曝光蛋白条带。
所有数据分析均采用GraphPad Prism 5.0版软件和IBM SPSS统计21.0软件完成, 数据以$ \overline{x}\pm s $表示。符合正态分布的用one-way ANOVA多重比较LSD (least-significant difference) 法, 及两两比较用t-test检验, 不符合正态分布的用秩和检验。P < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
图 1所示, 显微CT结果表明CIA大鼠表现出关节骨质减少。与正常组大鼠相比, CIA模型组大鼠股骨远端的骨小梁中的骨量较低, 小梁骨之间存在较大的间隔, 股骨远端的三维骨小梁骨结构也被破坏。与CIA模型组大鼠相比, Alen和MOIG给药处理显著抑制CIA大鼠骨丢失, 表明MOIG能减缓CIA大鼠的骨丢失, 改善骨小梁微结构。
表 1所示, 与正常大鼠相比, CIA模型大鼠的BMD显著降低(P < 0.001)。与CIA模型大鼠相比, Alen和MOIG处理的大鼠的BMD值显著升高(P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。骨小梁微结构分析结果显示, 与正常大鼠相比, CIA模型大鼠的骨小梁微结构参数Tb.N、Tb.Th和BV·TV-1显著降低(P < 0.01, P < 0.001), BS·BV-1和Tb.Sp显著增加(P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。与CIA模型组大鼠相比, Alen和MOIG给药治疗后, CIA大鼠骨小梁BV·TV-1、Tb.N和Tb.Th显著增加(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001), Tb.Sp和BS·BV-1显著降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。结果表明, 关节炎对发炎关节周围骨骼具有特别强烈的恶化作用, MOIG可以减缓关节炎引发的不利影响。
图 2A所示, 0.04、0.4和4 µg·mL-1 MOIG对BMM的活力无明显作用。如图 2B所示, LPS诱导的破骨细胞形态清晰, 细胞体积增大, 呈现出摊鸡蛋样, 并有向外延伸的伪足, 含有多个细胞核, 经TRAP染色后胞浆被染成紫色, 表明LPS诱导BMM细胞可分化成破骨细胞。如图 2C~G所示, MOIG在0.04、0.4、4 μg·mL-1浓度下显著抑制破骨细胞的形成分化, 减少破骨细胞数目及面积, 并且显著抑制破骨细胞TRAP的活性。
F-actin环是破骨细胞形成的一个重要的特征, 对于破骨细胞的骨吸收至关重要[18]。如图 2H所示, 对照组破骨细胞F-actin环壁厚且完整, MOIG在0.04、0.4、4 μg·mL-1浓度下均能显著抑制破骨细胞F-actin环的数目, 使得actin环的壁变薄, 甚至破坏环壁, 4 μg·mL-1作用效果最好。
NFATc1和c-Fos是重要的破骨细胞转录因子, 介导破骨细胞的形成分化[18]。如图 3所示, MOIG显著抑制破骨细胞NFATc1和c-Fos的表达。在破骨细胞中, NFATc1和c-Fos的激活, 将促进骨吸收相关蛋白MMP-9和CtsK的表达, 从而使破骨细胞发挥骨吸收作用。MOIG显著抑制LPS引起的破骨细胞MMP-9和CtsK的表达, 从而初步探讨MOIG抑制破骨细胞骨吸收作用的机制。
NF-κB信号通路参与了破骨细胞成熟和分化的调控。如图 4A~D所示, MOIG能显著抑制LPS刺激破骨细胞中TRAF6的募集, 进而抑制IκBα的降解和p65的磷酸化, 从而抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活。
JAK2/STAT3信号通路参与破骨细胞的形成。如图 4E~G所示, MOIG能显著抑制LPS刺激破骨细胞中JAK2和STAT3蛋白的磷酸化, 从而抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活, 抑制破骨细胞的形成。此外, 如图 4H所示, MOIG还能显著促进GSK-3β的磷酸化表达, 从而抑制GSK-3β的活性。
据报道, GSK-3β同时参与NF-κB通路和STAT3信号的调控, 从而刺激破骨细胞的活性[15]。用si-GSK-3β转染破骨细胞, 构建GSK-3β基因敲低模型(图 5A)。如图 5B所示, si-GSK-3β处理显著抑制了F-actin环的形成, MOIG与si-GSK-3β处理抑制破骨细胞的F-actin环形成, 但与si-GSK-3β组无显著差异。综上所述, MOIG可能通过调控GSK-3β活性来调控破骨细胞F-actin环的形成。
图 5C~E所示, MOIG显著抑制p65蛋白的磷酸化, 降低STAT3磷酸化, 但无显著差异。用si-GSK-3β转染破骨细胞后, 显著抑制STAT3和p65磷酸化; 与si-GSK-3β组相比, si-GSK-3β与MOIG联合处理后, p65和STAT3蛋白磷酸化无明显差异。以上结果提示, MOIG可能通过调控GSK-3β来抑制NF-κB通路和STAT3信号的激活, 从而抑制破骨细胞的功能。
RA是一种自身免疫性疾病, 主要表现为关节僵硬、畸形、肿胀、疼痛、骨质侵蚀和关节功能丧失[19, 20]。RA的炎症反应是RA患者骨微结构恶化的重要原因。RA在发展过程中会产生大量的炎症因子, 诱导成骨细胞和滑膜细胞分泌RANKL, 并降低成骨细胞中OPG的表达, 导致成骨细胞的骨形成能力下降, 破骨细胞的骨吸收活性增强, 最终引起骨丢失[21, 22]。根据中医“肾主骨生髓”的理论, RA被认为是属于“痹症”的范畴, 虚实夹杂为该病的主要病机, 因此中医多采用补肾填精等方法来进行治疗[8]。在本研究中, 采用牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导的CIA模型, 观察MOIG对RA骨丢失的效果, 应用显微CT成像来定量评估骨小梁的骨丢失和微结构的改变。结果表明MOIG显著增加CIA大鼠骨密度, 改善股骨远端骨小梁微结构, 提示MOIG可预防RA诱导的骨丢失。
在RA条件下, 滑膜巨噬细胞释放TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6等细胞因子, 刺激NF-κB通路的激活。高度活化的NF-κB导致各种促炎细胞因子增加, 从而增强破骨细胞的形成、分化和骨吸收活性, 最终导致关节骨质侵蚀[13, 23]。在本研究中, MOIG抑制LPS诱导的破骨细胞中NF-κB信号通路的激活, 提示MOIG通过抑制破骨细胞中炎症刺激的NF-κB信号通路的激活来减轻骨破坏。
破骨细胞是由M-CSF和RANKL诱导BMMs分化而来的多核巨细胞, 其主要功能是重塑骨骼[24]。研究显示, NF-κB激活RANKL或TNF后, 可诱导破骨细胞分化的关键转录因子c-Fos和NFATc1的激活, 促进破骨细胞的分化, 并增强破骨细胞特异性标记酶TRAP、MMP-9和Ctsk的活性[25-27]。TRAP是破骨细胞特征性标志酶, 反映破骨细胞的骨吸收活性[28]。CtsK是破骨细胞中最重要的细胞因子, 对骨组织具有特异性降解活性, 反映了破骨细胞的骨吸收功能[29]。MMP参与了骨的发育、修复以及细胞外基质的重塑。破骨分化过程中MMP-9的表达上调, 进而刺激骨吸收[30, 31]。F-actin环是破骨细胞附着于骨基质表面进行骨吸收的重要结构, 被认为是破骨细胞活化的功能性标志物, 与破骨细胞的迁移和骨吸收功能密切相关[32]。本研究表明, MOIG处理抑制LPS诱导的破骨细胞的形成和分化及F-actin环的形成, 降低TRAP、NFATc1、c-Fos、MMP-9和Ctsk的表达, 进一步证明MOIG具有减轻CIA大鼠骨破坏的作用。
JAK2/STAT3信号通路参与RA病理过程中炎症反应和免疫反应的启动和发展, 并参与骨代谢的调控[33]。在破骨细胞形成过程中, JAK/STAT通路的激活提高了RANKL的表达, 抑制了OPG的表达, 进而促进了破骨细胞的分化[34]。更重要的是, 在前体细胞分化为破骨细胞中同样被激活[35]。因此, JAK2和STAT3蛋白在RANKL诱导的破骨细胞生成中起着重要作用。在本研究中, MOIG抑制破骨细胞中JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活, 从而抑制RA中破骨细胞的骨吸收。
GSK-3β是一种使糖原合成酶失活的蛋白激酶, 在糖原代谢、细胞周期控制、凋亡、胚胎发育和细胞分化等方面发挥多种调节功能。研究表明, GSK-3β通过STAT3和NF-κB信号通路参与RA发生发展过程中破骨细胞的增殖和分化的调控[36]。NF-κB信号通路和JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活上调MMP9和CtsK的表达, 加剧RA的骨破坏[15]。有研究报道GSK-3β的抑制剂TDZD-8能明显缓解CIA小鼠的关节病变[37]。然而, 目前尚未有GSK-3β激动剂的研究报道。随后查阅相关文献发现, Cheng等[38]用EGFR siRNA干扰肺上皮细胞的方法, 研究amphiregulin对EGFR/JNK/AP-1介导TGF-β诱导的人肺上皮细胞-间充质转化的作用。因此, 根据Cheng等[38]的研究设计思路, 在本研究中利用siRNA沉默GSK-3β基因来阐明MOIG的作用效果, 结果表明沉默GSK-3β能够显著抑制破骨细胞F-actin环形成的影响, 且联合MOIG作用后, 效果与沉默GSK-3β组相当, 提示MOIG可能通过调控GSK-3β来抑制破骨细胞的功能。
综上所述, 本研究从微观角度对CIA大鼠远端股骨的骨微结构进行检测, 更直观地反映CIA大鼠骨微结构的异常; 在机制上, 通过基因沉默的方法, 初步明确了GSK-3β对破骨细胞功能的调控机制。后期可深入探讨MOIG调控GSK-3β对体内动物实验的影响, 进一步确证MOIG调控关节炎骨丢失的作用机制, 为RA的预防和治疗提供科学依据。
致谢: 感谢浙江中医药大学药学科研中心公共平台的大力支持。
作者贡献: 沈燚设计实验方案和撰写文章; 孙艺琦分析数据和作图; 李鹤鸣、杜金蔓和叶欣园负责实验操作; 鲍荣华和张泉龙负责指导实验方案; 张巧艳和秦路平负责指导实验方案、文章的审阅和修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ22H280002)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LBY21H060002)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82374099)
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2024年第59卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0189
  • 接收时间:2024-03-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
  • 修回日期:2024-05-05
基金
浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ22H280002)
浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LBY21H060002)
国家自然科学基金项目(82374099)
作者信息
    1.浙江中医药大学药学院, 浙江 杭州 310053
    2.杭州市富阳中医骨伤医院, 浙江 杭州 311400

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*秦路平, E-mail: ;
张巧艳, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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