Article(id=1199783109811077311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705939200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-23, revisedDate=1723305600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980184270, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1731340800000, pubDateStr=2024-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980184270, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980184270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980184270, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783099115598386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='2897', pageEnd='3178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980181720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225007568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3153, endPage=3163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783111123894487, articleId=1199783109811077311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Gene cloning, functional identification, structural and expression analysis of sucrose synthase from Cistanche tubulosa, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sucrose synthase plays a crucial role in the plant sugar metabolism pathway by catalyzing the production of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, which serves as a bioactive glycosyl donor for various metabolic processes. In this study, a sucrose synthase gene named CtSus was cloned from Cistanche tubulosa, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its rich content of diverse glycosides, based on transcriptome analysis results. The open reading frame of CtSus was 2 418 bp long encoding 805 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed conserved domains associated with the plant sucrose synthase family at both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of CtSus protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CtSus shares a close evolutionary relationship with sucrose synthases from other plants within the same order. Functional identification of CtSus was performed through whole-cell catalysis coupling with UGT71BD1, a characterized glycosyltransferase enzyme. The results showed that the introduction of CtSus significantly enhanced the conversion rate of glycosylation catalyzed by UGT71BD1. The soluble expression of CtSus in Escherichia coli was further achieved using the pColdTM TF expression vector. In vitro enzymatic assay indicated the activity of CtSus to catalyze the formation of UDP-glucose in the presence of sucrose and UDP. Real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression patterns of CtSus gene in different parts of C. tubulosa and the suspension cell cultures of C. tubulosa under drought stress correlated with the accumulation patterns observed for phenylethanol glycosides, respectively. Furthermore, key amino acids and their interactions between enzyme and substrate were explored based on protein structure prediction and molecular docking results. Overall, our findings identify a sucrose synthase CtSus responsible for the supply of the active glycosyl donor UDP-glucose during the biosynthesis of glycoside products in C. tubulosa and have also provided a gene element that can be utilized in engineering strain construction for glycoside products production.

, correspAuthors=Ya-ru YAN, Peng-fei TU, Xiao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei-sheng TIAN, Ya-ru YAN, Xiao-xue CUI, Ying-xia WANG, Wen-qian HUANG, Sai-jing ZHAO, Jun LI, She-po SHI, Peng-fei TU, Xiao LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783112847753603, articleId=1199783109811077311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=管花肉苁蓉蔗糖合酶基因的克隆鉴定、蛋白结构及表达分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

蔗糖合酶是植物糖代谢途径中的关键酶, 能催化糖基供体尿苷二磷酸(uridine diphosphate, UDP)-葡萄糖的生成。本研究通过转录组数据分析从富含糖苷类化合物的传统中药管花肉苁蓉中克隆获得一个蔗糖合酶基因并命名为CtSus。该基因开放阅读框长2 418 bp, 编码蛋白含805个氨基酸, 序列分析显示, 该蛋白包含植物蔗糖合酶保守结构域, 与同目植物中的蔗糖合酶具有密切的亲缘进化关系。将CtSus与已鉴定功能的糖基转移酶UGT71BD1协同进行体外全细胞转化, 结果显示, CtSus的引入能显著提高UGT71BD1催化糖基化反应的转化率。利用pColdTM TF表达载体实现了CtSus在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达, 并通过体外酶促反应验证了CtSus在UDP存在的情况下催化蔗糖分解生成UDP-葡萄糖的活性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示CtSus基因在管花肉苁蓉不同部位及干旱胁迫后肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中的表达模式与苯乙醇苷类化合物积累模式一致。进一步通过蛋白三维结构预测及分子对接探讨了该酶与底物结合的关键氨基酸及其相互作用。本研究鉴定获得了肉苁蓉中一个新的蔗糖合酶基因, 为活性糖基供体的体外酶法合成提供了新的途径, 亦为肉苁蓉糖苷类化合物生物合成工程菌的构建提供了新的基因元件。

, correspAuthors=闫雅如, 屠鹏飞, 刘晓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*闫雅如, Tel: 86-351-3179717, E-mail: ;
屠鹏飞, E-mail: ;
刘晓, Tel: 86-10-53911868, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=t7/akJYvzdgdb3hGYDBzOw==, magXml=8Fci+7dQILllOesxdOoenw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xfuEdsH/Z+xRiVdWA/1Dyw==, pdfFileSize=5370739, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cCv1ynhvOLg1lUWXhA24ng==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hF85IqhAhO1c/1SsYdE35g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=田维圣, 闫雅如, 崔晓雪, 王迎夏, 黄文倩, 赵赛静, 李军, 史社坡, 屠鹏飞, 刘晓)}, authors=[Author(id=1200375550675120441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375550901612874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375550675120441, language=EN, stringName=Wei-sheng TIAN, firstName=Wei-sheng, middleName=null, lastName=TIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375551002276180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375550675120441, language=CN, stringName=田维圣, firstName=维圣, middleName=null, lastName=田, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375551174242657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yanyr106@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375551451066742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375551174242657, language=EN, stringName=Ya-ru YAN, firstName=Ya-ru, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
3. Institute of Taihang Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375551572701567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375551174242657, language=CN, stringName=闫雅如, firstName=雅如, middleName=null, lastName=闫, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
3.山西中医药大学, 太行本草研究院, 山西 晋中 030619, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375550234718479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550318604569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550234718479, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Taihang Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550356353307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550234718479, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西中医药大学, 太行本草研究院, 山西 晋中 030619)])]), Author(id=1200375551656587659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375551799194008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375551656587659, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-xue CUI, firstName=Xiao-xue, middleName=null, lastName=CUI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375551950188965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375551656587659, language=CN, stringName=崔晓雪, firstName=晓雪, middleName=null, lastName=崔, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375552151515572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553225257407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375552151515572, language=EN, stringName=Ying-xia WANG, firstName=Ying-xia, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553355280843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375552151515572, language=CN, stringName=王迎夏, firstName=迎夏, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375553460138450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553606939103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375553460138450, language=EN, stringName=Wen-qian HUANG, firstName=Wen-qian, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553715991013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375553460138450, language=CN, stringName=黄文倩, firstName=文倩, middleName=null, lastName=黄, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375553816654318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553984426494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375553816654318, language=EN, stringName=Sai-jing ZHAO, firstName=Sai-jing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554122838535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375553816654318, language=CN, stringName=赵赛静, firstName=赛静, middleName=null, lastName=赵, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375554257056270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554437411352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375554257056270, language=EN, stringName=Jun LI, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554588406305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375554257056270, language=CN, stringName=李军, firstName=军, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375554718429736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554911367735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375554718429736, language=EN, stringName=She-po SHI, firstName=She-po, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555053974080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375554718429736, language=CN, stringName=史社坡, firstName=社坡, middleName=null, lastName=史, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)])]), Author(id=1200375555179803211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pengfeitu@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555318215257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375555179803211, language=EN, stringName=Peng-fei TU, firstName=Peng-fei, middleName=null, lastName=TU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, *, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555481793121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375555179803211, language=CN, stringName=屠鹏飞, firstName=鹏飞, middleName=null, lastName=屠, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, *, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
4.北京大学药学院, 天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室, 北京 100191, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375550540902700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550549291309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550540902700, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550557679918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550540902700, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.北京大学药学院, 天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室, 北京 100191)])]), Author(id=1200375555632788073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, orderNo=9, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=fcliuxiao@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555813143159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375555632788073, language=EN, stringName=Xiao LIU, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555951555202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, authorId=1200375555632788073, language=CN, stringName=刘晓, firstName=晓, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200375556169659032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Cistanche tubulosa), Keyword(id=1200375556287099554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=sucrose synthase), Keyword(id=1200375556404540074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=glycosides), Keyword(id=1200375556496814769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=UDP-glucose), Keyword(id=1200375557780271798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=enzymatic catalysis), Keyword(id=1200375557897712317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=管花肉苁蓉), Keyword(id=1200375558019347143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=蔗糖合酶), Keyword(id=1200375558178730705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=糖苷类化合物), Keyword(id=1200375558296171224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖), Keyword(id=1200375558405223135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=酶催化)], refs=[Reference(id=1200375562792465296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song ZH, Lei L, Tu PF. Advances in research of pharmacological activity in plants of Cistanche Hoffing. et Link [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2003, 34: 113-115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563039929239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu WJ, Liu Y, Song QQ, et al. Chemome comparison between cultivated and wild Cistanche tubulosa using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2018, 43: 3506-3512., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563190924188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Y, Zeng K, Jiang Y, et al. Cistanches Herba, from an endangered species to a big brand of Chinese medicine [J]. Med Res Rev, 2021, 41: 1539-1577., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563333530529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Wang H, Yang M, et al. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides protects PC12 cells against OGD/RP-induced injury [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 99: 671-680., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563497108392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin Y, Huang J, Gu X, et al. Evolution of plant nucleotide-sugar interconversion enzymes [J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6: e27995., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563597771696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bar-Peled M, O'Neill MA. Plant nucleotide sugar formation, interconversion, and salvage by sugar recycling [J]. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2011, 62: 127-155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563731989431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo H, Li L, Wang PG. Biochemical characterization of UDP-GlcNAc/Glc4-epimerase from Escherichia coli O86: B7 [J]. Biochemistry, 2006, 45: 13760-13768., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563866207166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong S, Chesnokova ON, Turnbough CL Jr, et al. Identification of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase involved in exosporium protein glycosylation in Bacillus anthracis [J]. J Bacteriol, 2009, 191: 7094-7101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375563950093249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li LN, Kong JQ. Transcriptome-wide identification of sucrose synthase genes in Ornithogalum caudatum [J]. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 18778-18792., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375564046562246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schmölzer K, Gutmann A, Diricks M, et al. Sucrose synthase: a unique glycosyltransferase for biocatalytic glycosylation process development [J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2016, 34: 88-111., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375564155614156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cardini CE, Leloir LF, Chiriboga J. The biosynthesis of sucrose [J]. J Biol Chem, 1955, 214: 149-155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375564335969232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stein O, Granot D. An overview of sucrose synthases in plants [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2019, 10: 95., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375564512130006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Masada S, Kawase Y, Nagatoshi M, et al. An efficient chemoenzymatic production of small molecule glucosides with in situ recycling [J]. FEBS Lett, 2007, 581: 2562-2566., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375564772176860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bungaruang L, Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. Leloir glycosyltransferases and natural product glycosylation: biocatalytic synthesis of the C-glucoside nothofagin, a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea [J]. Adv Synth Catal, 2013, 355: 2757-2763., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375564935754720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Yan Y, Liu Y, et al. Cell culture establishment and regulation of two phenylethanoid glycosides accumulation in cell suspension culture of desert plant Cistanche tubulosa [J]. Plant Cell Tiss Org, 2018, 134: 107-118., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375565015446503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Y, Anderson S, Zhang Y, et al. The structure of sucrose synthase-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its functional implications [J]. J Biol Chem, 2011, 286: 36108-36118., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375565166441453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li TZ, Wang JL, Liu X, et al. Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight [J]. Plant Physiol J (植物生理学报), 2021, 57: 969-981., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375565313242097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan YR, Mo T, Huang WQ, et al. Glycosylation of aromatic glycosides by a promiscuous glycosyltransferase UGT71BD1 from Cistanche tubulosa [J]. J Nat Prod, 2022, 85: 1826-1836., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375566605087735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mo T, Liu X, Liu Y, et al. Expanded investigations of the aglycon promiscuity and catalysis characteristic of flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase AtUGT78D1 from Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 84616-84626., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375566730916862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jumper J, Evans R, Pritzel A, et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold [J]. Nature, 2021, 596: 583-589., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375566869328896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trott O, Olson AJ. AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading [J]. J Comput Chem, 2010, 31: 455-461., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567041294343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang CL, Tu PF, Guo YH, et al. Chemical constituents in artificial culitvated Cistanche tubulosa [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2004, 35: 676-679., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567150346248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tu PF, Wang B, Deyama T, et al. Analysis of phenylethanoid glycosides of herba Cistanchis by RP-HPLC [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 1997, 32: 294-300., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567234232332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan YR, Yang HY, Qi BW, et al. Effect of drought stress on accumulation of two respective phenylethanoid glycosides in tissue culture of Cistanche tubulosa [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2019, 50: 2452-2460., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567343284241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Westwood JH, Yoder JI, Timko MP, et al. The evolution of parasitism in plants [J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2010, 15: 227-235., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200375560628204400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, awardId=82173922, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82173922), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200375560858891126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, awardId=81402809, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81402809), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200375562104599419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, awardId=2023-JYB-JBQN-054, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023-JYB-JBQN-054), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200375562301731714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, awardId=7192112, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金项目(7192112), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375549806899428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549827870951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375549840453864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549806899428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375549995643129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550020808957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550045974784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375549995643129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375550234718479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550318604569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550234718479, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Taihang Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550356353307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550234718479, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西中医药大学, 太行本草研究院, 山西 晋中 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375550540902700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550549291309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550540902700, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375550557679918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, companyId=1200375550540902700, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.北京大学药学院, 天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室, 北京 100191)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200375558665269999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=01m8KeyPxHZFaGOKOgKRCw==, figureFileBig=IRqlq9p7MzDSwkCGR1T/ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375558833042171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Gene exploring and cloning of <i>CtSus</i> from <i>C. tubulosa</i> and bioinformatic analysis of its encoded protein<i>.</i> A: Expression levels of the <i>CtSus</i> and <i>CtSus1</i> genes in different parts of <i>C. tubulosa</i> normalized as <i>Z</i>-Scores based on their FPKM values; B: Gene amplification of <i>CtSus</i>; M: DNA marker; C: Conservative domain of CtSus protein predicted by SMART; D: Multiple sequence alignment of CtSus and sucrose synthases identified from other plants including <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> and <i>Albuca bracteata</i>. The sucrose synthesis domain and sugar transfer domain are represented by red and blue boxes, respectively; E: Phylogenetic analysis of CtSus and sucrose synthases from other plants; F: SDS-PAGE analysis of the heterologous expression of <i>CtSus</i> using pCold<sup>TM</sup> Ⅰ vector in <i>E. coli</i>. Lane 1: Protein marker; Lane 2: Supernatant fraction; Lane 3: Precipitate fraction. The red arrow shows the CtSus protein. G: Colony PCR of a single clone containing both two recombinant plasmids. M: DNA marker; 1: pET-28a-<i>UGT71BD1</i>; 2: pCold<sup>TM</sup> Ⅰ-<i>CtSus</i> , figureFileSmall=01m8KeyPxHZFaGOKOgKRCw==, figureFileBig=IRqlq9p7MzDSwkCGR1T/ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375558950482692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z2hG9PE0nMy5EvX1+H1vCw==, figureFileBig=LoZU77rznZtWkGjlgWVOLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559059534602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Whole-cell biotransformation of substrate <strong>1</strong> or <strong>2</strong> by recombinant strain harboring <i>UGT71BD1</i> or recombinant strain harboring <i>UGT71BD1</i> coupling with <i>CtSus</i>, respectively. A: HPLC chromatograms of the whole-cell biotransformation of substrate <strong>1</strong>. The detection wavelength was 360 nm; B: HRESI-MS and MS<sup>2</sup> spectra of product <strong>1a</strong>; C: HPLC chromatograms of the whole-cell biotransformation of substrate <strong>2</strong>; The detection wavelength was 330 nm. D: HRESI-MS spectra of products <strong>2a</strong> and <strong>2b</strong> , figureFileSmall=z2hG9PE0nMy5EvX1+H1vCw==, figureFileBig=LoZU77rznZtWkGjlgWVOLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559172780818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/gOB+Nq2yPYRK2GkVnFOYQ==, figureFileBig=VyS3QkZ9DL9mznc+3OXYwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559290221336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Heterologous expression and functional identification of <i>CtSus</i>. A: SDS-PAGE analysis of CtSus proteins. Lane 1: Protein marker; Lane 2: Recombinant CtSus with trigger factor; Lane 3: Trigger factor tag cleavage using Factor Xa protease to give the CtSus protein labeled by the red arrow. B: <i>In vitro</i> enzymatic assays using fusion protein and trigger factor-free CtSus proteins to catalyze the synthesis of UDP-glucose in the presence of sucrose and UDP, respectively, with reference standard UDP-glucose. Boiled protein was used as a control group under the same conditions. The detection wavelength was 260 nm , figureFileSmall=/gOB+Nq2yPYRK2GkVnFOYQ==, figureFileBig=VyS3QkZ9DL9mznc+3OXYwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559411856161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qjXm8a89DbW86DQ02KSqPg==, figureFileBig=EvbPuD/yrRfsppdld1HFIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559529296681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Relative expression levels of <i>CtSus</i> in different parts of <i>C. tubulosa</i> and in suspension cells treated by PEG6000. A: Relative expression level of <i>CtSus</i> in different parts of <i>C. tubulosa</i>; B: Relative expression level of <i>CtSus</i> in <i>C. tubulosa</i> suspension cells treated by PEG6000 at different time points. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=qjXm8a89DbW86DQ02KSqPg==, figureFileBig=EvbPuD/yrRfsppdld1HFIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559671903030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pN1QsBn9Sor+dSguYarzQA==, figureFileBig=NPCQEQjt/HAXJtLnNojQAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559810315069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Structural investigation of CtSus. A: Predicted secondary structure of CtSus using SOPMA. Blue: <i>α</i> helix; Purple: Random coil; Red: Extended strand; Green: <i>β</i> sheet. B: Three-dimensional structure alignment of AtSus1 (in blue color) and CtSus (in green color). Both were shown as tetramer. C: Key residues in the substrate binding pocket of AtSus1 (in blue color) and CtSus (in green color with labeled residues); D: Binding conformations alignment of UDP and fructose in AtSus1 (in blue color) and CtSus (in green color); E: Interactions between UDP and CtSus shown in 2D diagram analyzed by Discovery Studio Client , figureFileSmall=pN1QsBn9Sor+dSguYarzQA==, figureFileBig=NPCQEQjt/HAXJtLnNojQAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375559931949890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer usage Vector Primer name Primer sequence (5′-3′)
Gene amplification CtSus-F ATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGAC
CtSus-R TTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAA
qPCR DNAj-F GTTAGCAAGGCGTTCAAGTG
DNAj-R GTCTTCTCCTACCCTGATACTG
CtSus-F GGAGTTGAGTTCTTGAATAGGC
CtSus-R CTTGCCCTTGTAGTTGTGC
Expression pET-24b CtSus-EcoR Ⅰ-F AATGGGTCGGGATCCGAATTCATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Hind Ⅲ-R CTCGAGTGCGGCCGCAAGCTTTTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
pET-28a CtSus-EcoR Ⅰ-F ATGGGTCGCGGATCCGAATTCATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Hind Ⅲ-R CTCGAGTGCGGCCGCAAGCTTTTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
pColdTM CtSus-Nde Ⅰ-F CATATCGAAGGTAGGCATATGATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Sal Ⅰ-R CTATCTAGACTGCAGGTCGACCTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
pColdTM TF CtSus-BamH Ⅰ-F CTCGGTACCCTCGAGGGATCCATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Hind Ⅲ-R AGACTGCAGGTCGACAAGCTTTTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1200375560074556234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Nucleotide sequence of primers used in this study. qPCR: Real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primer usage Vector Primer name Primer sequence (5′-3′)
Gene amplification CtSus-F ATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGAC
CtSus-R TTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAA
qPCR DNAj-F GTTAGCAAGGCGTTCAAGTG
DNAj-R GTCTTCTCCTACCCTGATACTG
CtSus-F GGAGTTGAGTTCTTGAATAGGC
CtSus-R CTTGCCCTTGTAGTTGTGC
Expression pET-24b CtSus-EcoR Ⅰ-F AATGGGTCGGGATCCGAATTCATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Hind Ⅲ-R CTCGAGTGCGGCCGCAAGCTTTTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
pET-28a CtSus-EcoR Ⅰ-F ATGGGTCGCGGATCCGAATTCATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Hind Ⅲ-R CTCGAGTGCGGCCGCAAGCTTTTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
pColdTM CtSus-Nde Ⅰ-F CATATCGAAGGTAGGCATATGATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Sal Ⅰ-R CTATCTAGACTGCAGGTCGACCTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
pColdTM TF CtSus-BamH Ⅰ-F CTCGGTACCCTCGAGGGATCCATGGCGGAACGTGTCCTGA
CtSus-Hind Ⅲ-R AGACTGCAGGTCGACAAGCTTTTACTCAACAGCCAATGGAACAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1200375560233939792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Species Accession No. Similarity Species Accession No. Similarity
Sesamum indicum XP_011093886.1 94.78% Ipomoea batatas GMD30336.1 89.81%
Phelipanche ramosa AEN79500.1 94.53% Lycium ferocissimum XP_059283540.1 89.81%
Catalpa fargesii AYK02542.1 94.29% Coffea eugenioides XP_027175646.1 89.57%
Andrographis paniculata XP_051150193.1 93.91% Solanum tuberosum NP_001274911.1 89.32%
Perilla frutescens var. hirtella KAH6779186.1 93.17% Solanum dulcamara XP_055824125.1 89.32%
Striga asiatica GER41738.1 92.67% Solanum verrucosum XP_049370499.1 89.32%
Olea europaea var. sylvestris XP_022883072.1 92.80% Capsicum annuum XP_016540310.2 88.70%
Salvia hispanica XP_047941784.1 91.80% Arabidopsis thaliana AED92894.1 77.35%
Nicotiana tabacum AHL84158.1 89.81% Albuca bracteata AMN16537.1 69.48%
), ArticleFig(id=1200375560397517659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109811077311, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid sequence similarities between CtSus and sucrose synthases identified from other plant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Species Accession No. Similarity Species Accession No. Similarity
Sesamum indicum XP_011093886.1 94.78% Ipomoea batatas GMD30336.1 89.81%
Phelipanche ramosa AEN79500.1 94.53% Lycium ferocissimum XP_059283540.1 89.81%
Catalpa fargesii AYK02542.1 94.29% Coffea eugenioides XP_027175646.1 89.57%
Andrographis paniculata XP_051150193.1 93.91% Solanum tuberosum NP_001274911.1 89.32%
Perilla frutescens var. hirtella KAH6779186.1 93.17% Solanum dulcamara XP_055824125.1 89.32%
Striga asiatica GER41738.1 92.67% Solanum verrucosum XP_049370499.1 89.32%
Olea europaea var. sylvestris XP_022883072.1 92.80% Capsicum annuum XP_016540310.2 88.70%
Salvia hispanica XP_047941784.1 91.80% Arabidopsis thaliana AED92894.1 77.35%
Nicotiana tabacum AHL84158.1 89.81% Albuca bracteata AMN16537.1 69.48%
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
管花肉苁蓉蔗糖合酶基因的克隆鉴定、蛋白结构及表达分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
田维圣 1, 2 , 闫雅如 1, 3, * , 崔晓雪 1, 2 , 王迎夏 1, 2 , 黄文倩 1, 2 , 赵赛静 1, 2 , 李军 1, 2 , 史社坡 1 , 屠鹏飞 1, 4, * , 刘晓 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(11): 3153-3163
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(11): 3153-3163
管花肉苁蓉蔗糖合酶基因的克隆鉴定、蛋白结构及表达分析
全屏
田维圣1, 2, 闫雅如1, 3, * , 崔晓雪1, 2, 王迎夏1, 2, 黄文倩1, 2, 赵赛静1, 2, 李军1, 2, 史社坡1, 屠鹏飞1, 4, * , 刘晓1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
  • 2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 3.山西中医药大学, 太行本草研究院, 山西 晋中 030619
  • 4.北京大学药学院, 天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室, 北京 100191

通讯作者:

*闫雅如, Tel: 86-351-3179717, E-mail: ;
屠鹏飞, E-mail: ;
刘晓, Tel: 86-10-53911868, E-mail:
Gene cloning, functional identification, structural and expression analysis of sucrose synthase from Cistanche tubulosa
Wei-sheng TIAN1, 2, Ya-ru YAN1, 3, * , Xiao-xue CUI1, 2, Ying-xia WANG1, 2, Wen-qian HUANG1, 2, Sai-jing ZHAO1, 2, Jun LI1, 2, She-po SHI1, Peng-fei TU1, 4, * , Xiao LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 3. Institute of Taihang Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
  • 4. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2024-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069
文章导航
收藏切换

蔗糖合酶是植物糖代谢途径中的关键酶, 能催化糖基供体尿苷二磷酸(uridine diphosphate, UDP)-葡萄糖的生成。本研究通过转录组数据分析从富含糖苷类化合物的传统中药管花肉苁蓉中克隆获得一个蔗糖合酶基因并命名为CtSus。该基因开放阅读框长2 418 bp, 编码蛋白含805个氨基酸, 序列分析显示, 该蛋白包含植物蔗糖合酶保守结构域, 与同目植物中的蔗糖合酶具有密切的亲缘进化关系。将CtSus与已鉴定功能的糖基转移酶UGT71BD1协同进行体外全细胞转化, 结果显示, CtSus的引入能显著提高UGT71BD1催化糖基化反应的转化率。利用pColdTM TF表达载体实现了CtSus在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达, 并通过体外酶促反应验证了CtSus在UDP存在的情况下催化蔗糖分解生成UDP-葡萄糖的活性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示CtSus基因在管花肉苁蓉不同部位及干旱胁迫后肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中的表达模式与苯乙醇苷类化合物积累模式一致。进一步通过蛋白三维结构预测及分子对接探讨了该酶与底物结合的关键氨基酸及其相互作用。本研究鉴定获得了肉苁蓉中一个新的蔗糖合酶基因, 为活性糖基供体的体外酶法合成提供了新的途径, 亦为肉苁蓉糖苷类化合物生物合成工程菌的构建提供了新的基因元件。

管花肉苁蓉  /  蔗糖合酶  /  糖苷类化合物  /  尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖  /  酶催化

Sucrose synthase plays a crucial role in the plant sugar metabolism pathway by catalyzing the production of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, which serves as a bioactive glycosyl donor for various metabolic processes. In this study, a sucrose synthase gene named CtSus was cloned from Cistanche tubulosa, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its rich content of diverse glycosides, based on transcriptome analysis results. The open reading frame of CtSus was 2 418 bp long encoding 805 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed conserved domains associated with the plant sucrose synthase family at both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of CtSus protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CtSus shares a close evolutionary relationship with sucrose synthases from other plants within the same order. Functional identification of CtSus was performed through whole-cell catalysis coupling with UGT71BD1, a characterized glycosyltransferase enzyme. The results showed that the introduction of CtSus significantly enhanced the conversion rate of glycosylation catalyzed by UGT71BD1. The soluble expression of CtSus in Escherichia coli was further achieved using the pColdTM TF expression vector. In vitro enzymatic assay indicated the activity of CtSus to catalyze the formation of UDP-glucose in the presence of sucrose and UDP. Real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression patterns of CtSus gene in different parts of C. tubulosa and the suspension cell cultures of C. tubulosa under drought stress correlated with the accumulation patterns observed for phenylethanol glycosides, respectively. Furthermore, key amino acids and their interactions between enzyme and substrate were explored based on protein structure prediction and molecular docking results. Overall, our findings identify a sucrose synthase CtSus responsible for the supply of the active glycosyl donor UDP-glucose during the biosynthesis of glycoside products in C. tubulosa and have also provided a gene element that can be utilized in engineering strain construction for glycoside products production.

Cistanche tubulosa  /  sucrose synthase  /  glycosides  /  UDP-glucose  /  enzymatic catalysis
田维圣, 闫雅如, 崔晓雪, 王迎夏, 黄文倩, 赵赛静, 李军, 史社坡, 屠鹏飞, 刘晓. 管花肉苁蓉蔗糖合酶基因的克隆鉴定、蛋白结构及表达分析. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3153 -3163 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069
Wei-sheng TIAN, Ya-ru YAN, Xiao-xue CUI, Ying-xia WANG, Wen-qian HUANG, Sai-jing ZHAO, Jun LI, She-po SHI, Peng-fei TU, Xiao LIU. Gene cloning, functional identification, structural and expression analysis of sucrose synthase from Cistanche tubulosa[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3153 -3163 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069
管花肉苁蓉Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight为列当科肉苁蓉属多年生草本寄生植物, 是一种传统珍稀名贵中药材, 原产于新疆、内蒙古等地区, 性甘、咸而温, 具有补肾阳、益精血、润肠通便等功能, 素有“沙漠人参”之美誉[1]。现代研究发现管花肉苁蓉含有苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜及其苷类、木脂素及其苷类、寡糖酯类、多糖类、多元醇、寡糖类、甾醇及其苷类、单萜苷类、糖类、氨基酸类和挥发油类等多种化学成分[2, 3], 尤其以糖苷类化合物为其最主要活性成分。其中苯乙醇苷类化合物在原药材中含量最高, 具有神经保护、抗衰老等广泛的药理活性[4]。上述糖苷类化合物的生物合成过程中涉及多步糖基化反应, 植物体内由糖基转移酶催化完成, 而活性糖基供体的提供是这一过程中必不可少的。生物体内常见的活性糖供体形式包括尿苷二磷酸(uridine diphosphate, UDP) 糖、胸苷二磷酸(thymidine diphosphate, TDP) 糖以及鸟苷二磷酸(guanosine diphosphate, GDP) 糖。其中UDP-葡萄糖为植物中最常见的活性糖基供体, 其不仅可被葡萄糖基转移酶直接识别催化葡萄糖基转移反应, 同时也可作为前体参与其他类型糖基供体的合成, 如以UDP-葡萄糖为底物, 在4, 6-脱水酶、3, 5-异构酶和4-还原酶的催化下, 可生成UDP-鼠李糖[5]; 以UDP-葡萄糖为底物经UDP-葡萄糖脱氢酶和UDP-木糖合酶可催化合成UDP-木糖; UDP-木糖再经UDP-木糖差向异构酶催化可生成UDP-阿拉伯糖[6]; UDP-葡萄糖与UDP-半乳糖互为差向异构体, 可通过差向异构酶进行相互转化[7, 8]。因此, UDP-葡萄糖的合成对于植物体内活性糖基供体的供给以及次级代谢产物的糖基化修饰具有重要的影响。
植物体内UDP-葡萄糖的合成可通过合酶途径、磷酸化酶途径和激酶途径实现。其中, 蔗糖合酶可以直接催化UDP和蔗糖反应生成UDP-葡萄糖和果糖, 及其逆向反应[9]。从广义上讲, 蔗糖合酶属于糖基转移酶-4亚家族, 该家族包括多种糖基转移酶, 例如蔗糖合成磷酸酶、海藻糖合成酶和海藻糖磷酸化酶[10]。蔗糖合酶首次在小麦胚芽中被鉴定[11], 之后研究人员陆续从多种植物如绿豆(Vigna radiata)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max) 和桃子(Amygdalus persica) 中鉴定了上百个蔗糖合酶基因, 它们参与植物体内多个代谢过程, 包括蔗糖的运输和分配、淀粉合成、纤维素合成及细胞壁的组成、生物及非生物逆境等, 在植物碳源分配中起到关键的调控作用[12]。此外, 在生理功能研究的基础上, 研究人员还将获得的蔗糖合酶作为基因元件用于糖苷类化合物的酶法合成, 取得了理想的结果。如Masada等[13]将来源于拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana) 的蔗糖合酶基因AtSus-1与来源于长春花的(Catharanthus roseus) 糖基转移酶基因CaUGT2进行体外共表达, 利用一锅双酶体系催化姜黄素进行糖基化反应, 使姜黄素糖苷的产量提高了7倍, 与此同时UDP-葡萄糖供体的使用量仅为初始的十分之一。Bungaruang等[14]利用来源于大豆的蔗糖合酶GmSuSy与水稻的糖基转移酶OsUGT构建偶联催化体系, 仅通过添加少量的UDP (1.0 mmol·L-1) 及蔗糖, 即实现了对nothofagin的糖基化修饰, 相比于OsUGT的单酶催化, 其糖基化产物的生成提高了三个数量级, 从μmol·L-1提升至mmol·L-1
管花肉苁蓉中糖苷类化合物的丰富性及多样性提示其体内应含有功能强大的、与次级代谢产物糖基化修饰相关的蔗糖合酶, 但该酶在肉苁蓉属植物中尚未见报道。本文以药典收录药材管花肉苁蓉为材料, 通过转录组及不同部位比较转录组分析, 利用分子生物学技术挖掘鉴定了1条蔗糖合酶基因CtSus, 并对其进行了生物信息学分析、全细胞生物转化、原核表达与纯化、体外酶催化活性分析及在管花肉苁蓉不同部位及干旱胁迫的植物组织培养体系中的基因表达分析, 以探究CtSus的功能及其与管花肉苁蓉糖苷类化合物生物合成的相关性, 为管花肉苁蓉糖苷类化合物生物合成途径的研究奠定基础。
材料  新鲜的管花肉苁蓉植株采自中国新疆维吾尔自治区和田市, 并经由北京大学屠鹏飞教授进行生物学鉴定; 管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞培养体系为本课题组前期建立[15]; 大肠杆菌E. coli Fast-T1购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司; E. coli BL21 (DE3) 购自北京全式金生物技术股份有限公司; pColdTM Ⅰ、pColdTM TF载体购自宝日医生物技术(北京) 有限公司; UDP-葡萄糖对照品购自西安齐岳生物科技有限公司, 秦皮乙素、白藜芦醇底物购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
RNA提取与cDNA合成  按照OMEGA RNA Plant Kit试剂盒(Cat R6827-01, Omega Bio-Tek公司) 的使用说明进行RNA的提取。利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、Nanodrop 2000分光光度计检测RNA的纯度、浓度以及完整性。检测合格的RNA样品利用反转录试剂盒TransScript® One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (Cat AT311-02, 北京全式金生物技术有限公司) 进行反转录操作合成cDNA第一条链。
蔗糖合酶基因的挖掘与CtSus基因克隆  以已鉴定功能的拟南芥蔗糖合酶AtSus1 (GenBank accession number: AED92894.1)[16]的氨基酸序列为模板, 通过本地Blastp序列比对, 结合转录组基因注释、FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads) 基因表达丰度分析以及比较转录组数据分析, 从管花肉苁蓉转录组数据中筛选蔗糖合酶基因。根据管花肉苁蓉二代转录组数据提供的候选基因序列信息设计特异性引物(表 1), 以管花肉苁蓉cDNA为模板, 利用高保真PCR酶(Cat P505-d1, 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 进行目的基因的PCR扩增。利用FastPure Gel DNA Extraction Mini Kit试剂盒(Cat DC201-01, 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 对PCR扩增产物进行纯化, 后按照快速克隆试剂盒(Cat C112-01, 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 的操作说明与pCE2 TA/Blunt-Zero克隆载体进行连接, 转入Fast-T1感受态细胞, 37 ℃过夜培养后提取质粒提交北京六合华大基因科技有限公司进行测序鉴定。
管花肉苁蓉蔗糖合酶CtSus生物信息学分析  利用在线软件ProtParam (https://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 分析蛋白的理化性质; 利用在线软件TMHMM (https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM-2.0/) 预测蛋白的跨膜结构; 利用在线软件SOPMA (https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=npsa_sopma.html) 预测蛋白的二级结构; 利用在线软件SMART (http://smart.embl.de/) 预测蛋白质氨基酸序列保守结构域; 利用软件DANMAN将CtSus与其他物种的蔗糖合酶的氨基酸序列进行同源性比对; 利用软件MEGA11运用邻接法(neighbor joining method) 进行聚类分析构建系统发育进化树, bootstrap重复次数为1 000次。
管花肉苁蓉不同部位与干旱胁迫诱导下CtSus的表达分析  利用DNAMAN软件设计CtSus及内参基因DNAj的实时荧光定量PCR引物[17] (表 1), 通过实时荧光定量PCR检测分析管花肉苁蓉不同部位与干旱胁迫诱导条件下管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中CtSus基因的相对表达量。利用TransStart® Top Green qPCR SuperMix试剂盒(Cat AQ131-01, 北京全式金生物技术有限公司) 进行实时荧光定量PCR分析, 扩增程序采用两步法: 94 ℃ 30 s; 94 ℃ 5 s, 60 ℃ 30 s, 重复40个循环; 在Bio-Rad CFX ConnectTM Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratory, Hercules, CA, USA) 上运行, 以2–ΔΔCT法来分析CtSus基因在不同实验组中的相对表达量, 使用GraphPad Prism 9进行显著性分析并绘制柱状图。
CtSus基因原核表达载体的构建及异源表达  根据基因测序结果设计含有载体同源臂和酶切位点的特异性引物(表 1) 进行PCR扩增, 使用ClonExpress Ultra One Step Cloning Kit (CatC115-01, 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 利用无缝克隆技术将目的基因CtSus分别构建到pET-28a、pET-24b、pColdTM Ⅰ和pColdTM TF表达载体。对成功构建的重组表达载体进行质粒提取并转入大肠杆菌表达感受态Transetta (DE3) 中。分别利用含50 µg·mL-1硫酸卡那霉素(以pET-28a和pET-24b为表达载体) 或100 µg·mL-1氨苄青霉素(以pColdTM Ⅰ和pColdTM TF为表达载体) 和50 μg·mL-1氯霉素的LB液体培养基, 37 ℃、200 r·min-1振荡培养至菌液A600值为0.4~0.6。加入终浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1的异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, IPTG) 对蛋白进行诱导表达, 在恒温摇床23 ℃ (以pET-28a和pET-24b为表达载体) 或15 ℃ (以pColdTM Ⅰ和pColdTM TF为表达载体), 180 r·min-1诱导培养16 h (以pET-28a和pET-24b为表达载体) 或24 h (以pColdTM Ⅰ和pColdTM TF为表达载体) 后离心收集菌体。加入裂解缓冲液(20 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4, 0.5 mol·L-1 NaCl, 20 mmol·L-1咪唑, 3%甘油, 100 mmol·L-1苯甲磺酰氟, 1 mg·mL-1溶菌酶, pH 7.4), 破碎8 min后离心, 分别取上清液与沉淀, 上清液经装有Ni Sepharose 6 Fast Flow填料的HisTrap FF亲和柱(Cat 17531901, Cytiva公司) 吸附含His标签的目的蛋白, 经不同浓度咪唑洗脱后, 取各流分进行SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) 检测, 合并含有目的蛋白的流分, 经超滤管(Millipore公司) 离心浓缩并脱盐后, 保存于缓冲液[含50 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl (pH 7.5)、0.2 mol·L-1 NaCl、1 mmol·L-1二硫苏糖醇、3%甘油] 用于后续体外酶促催化反应。
CtSus全细胞催化  将pColdTM Ⅰ-CtSus质粒与课题组前期已经鉴定活性的糖基转移酶UGT71BD1的表达质粒pET-28a-UGT71BD1[18]同时转入大肠杆菌表达感受态Transetta (DE3) 中, 筛选同时含有CtSusUGT71BD1基因的阳性重组菌, 按1∶100 (V/V) 的比例接种到含50 μg·mL-1硫酸卡那霉素、100 µg·mL-1氨苄青霉素和50 μg·mL-1氯霉素抗性的LB培养基(生长培养基) 中, 在37 ℃下培养至菌液A600值为0.4~0.6时加入终浓度为1 mmol·L-1 ⅠPTG, 15 ℃、180 r·min-1继续振荡培养24 h; 4 ℃、4 000 r·min-1离心, 收集菌体。将收集的菌体按照每克菌40 mL培养基的比例接种到M9培养基(发酵培养基) 中, 并设计反应组别分别加入75 μmol·L-1蔗糖及25 μmol·L-1秦皮乙素(1) 或白藜芦醇(2) 底物, 继续振荡培养24 h后4 000 ×g, 4 ℃离心30 min, 沉淀加甲醇超声破碎, 上清液加入2倍体积甲醇, 分别在4 000 ×g、4 ℃条件下离心30 min, 取上清合并, 减压蒸干溶剂, 甲醇复溶, 经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后利用Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪对反应产物进行检测。以CAPCELL PAK C18 COLUMN (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) 为分析柱, 以0.1%甲酸水(A) 和甲醇(B) 为流动相, 洗脱梯度: 0~25 min, 30%~90% B; 25~27 min, 90%~100% B; 27~33 min, 100% B。质谱条件参数分别为正、负离子模式, 自动多级MS1、MS2、MS3全扫描。
CtSus体外酶催化活性检测  利用Factor Xa对上述HisTrap FF柱亲和色谱获得的重组蛋白进行N末端标签切除。酶切体系如下: 将重组蛋白调至浓度为1 mg·mL-1, 按照50 µL重组蛋白加入1 µL Factor Xa的比例, 在20 mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)、100 mmol·L-1 NaCl和2 mmol·L-1 CaCl2的缓冲液中, 23 ℃反应6 h, 反应体系为100 µL。酶切体系产物经HisTrap FF亲和层析进行二次蛋白分离获得标签切除的目的蛋白用于后续体外酶催化反应。酶反应体系如下: 10 mmol·L-1 UDP, 100 mmol·L-1蔗糖, 50 mmol·L-1 MgCl2, 60 μg CtSus蛋白, Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) 补充到100 μL, 30 ℃水浴反应6 h, 后处理及HPLC分析方法参考文献[19]所述进行。
CtSus蛋白三维结构预测及分子对接分析  利用AlphaFold2对CtSus进行蛋白三维结构预测[20]。利用AutoDock Tools 1.5.6软件对配体分子进行加氢以及加电荷处理。底物结合口袋通过与模板蛋白AtSus1 (PDBID 3S28) 比对获得。活性空腔周围的氨基酸残基侧链设置为柔性。格点box设置为40 × 40 × 40 Å3, 格点间距0.375 Å。分子对接在AutoDock Vina中进行[21]。采用PyMOL 2.0软件对亲和力(kcat·mol-1) 最佳的模型进行可视化分析。
统计学分析  使用GraphPad Prism 9进行统计学分析, 实验数据以均值±标准差表示, 两组间比较采用t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05时认为差异有统计学意义。
利用已鉴定功能的拟南芥蔗糖合酶AtSus1的氨基酸序列为模板[16], 通过本地Blastp在管花肉苁蓉转录组数据库中进行序列比对, 同时结合转录组基因注释及基因表达丰度数据共筛选到两条FPKM值大于10的蔗糖合酶基因序列, 分别命名为CtSusCtSus1。进一步对肉苁蓉不同部位(吸器、地下部分和地上部分) 的比较转录组数据进行分析。肉苁蓉属植物的化学成分在不同部位的分布已有深入研究, 结果表明肉苁蓉中以苯乙醇苷为代表的糖苷类化合物主要存在于其地下部分, 以吸器中含量为最高[22]。本研究前期对不同部位比较转录组测序所用植物材料中的苯乙醇苷类化合物含量也进行了测定, 证实管花肉苁蓉中苯乙醇苷类化合物在不同部位中的含量差异表现为: 吸器 > 地下部分 > > 地上部分。
因此将初筛得到的2条候选蔗糖合酶基因在管花肉苁蓉不同部位转录组数据中的表达水平FPKM值经Z-Score进行归一化处理, 并进行差异分析(图 1A)。结果显示CtSus基因在吸器中表达水平最高, 在地下部分的表达水平高于地上部分的表达水平, 与管花肉苁蓉不同部位糖苷类化合物积累模式一致, 而CtSus1基因在吸器中的表达水平较低, 故综合以上结果选择CtSus基因进行后续的序列扩增、外源表达与功能鉴定工作。以管花肉苁蓉cDNA为模板, PCR扩增后于~2 500 bp处得到单一条带产物(图 1B)。将PCR产物胶回收后连接至克隆载体, 测序获得目的基因编码区全长, CtSus序列长度为2 418 bp。
利用ProtParam在线软件对CtSus编码蛋白的理化性质进行分析。该蛋白含有805个氨基酸, 分子式为C4189H6548N1104O1187S28, 相对分子质量为92 266.44; 理论等电点为6.00; 不稳定系数Ⅱ为35.45, 属于稳定蛋白; 总平均亲水性(GRAVY) 为-0.187, 属于亲水蛋白。采用TMHMM 2.0预测蔗糖合酶CtSus的跨膜结构域, 结果表明该基因编码蛋白无跨膜结构域。
利用在线软件SMART预测CtSus蛋白的保守结构域(图 1C), 该蛋白含有2个保守结构域, N端(8~553位氨基酸) 为蔗糖合酶结构域, 其能够催化UDP与蔗糖生成UDP-葡萄糖和D-果糖的可逆反应; C端(557~739位氨基酸) 属于糖基转移酶结构域(图 1D)。运用DNAMAN软件将CtSus蛋白序列与NCBI数据库中的蔗糖合酶氨基酸序列进行比对(表 2), 结果发现, CtSus氨基酸序列与其他植物来源的蔗糖合酶序列表现出较高的相似性, 其中CtSus与芝麻(Sesamum indicum) 中的蔗糖合酶序列相似度最高, 为94.78%, 与其余植物中的蔗糖合酶序列相似度也均在65%以上, 说明植物来源的蔗糖合酶具有高度的序列保守性。
利用MEGA软件构建系统发育进化树对管花肉苁蓉蔗糖合酶CtSus与其他植物来源蔗糖合酶的系统进化关系进行分析, 结果如图 1E所示。植物来源的蔗糖合酶在双子叶植物(区域Ⅰ和Ⅱ) 及单子叶植物(区域Ⅲ) 中表现出明显不同的进化分支。而CtSus处于双子叶植物的分支, 且其中与CtSus亲缘关系较近的序列均来自唇形目植物(肉苁蓉为唇形目列当科植物), 而另一个分支主要以茄目植物为主, 这也进一步表明了植物来源蔗糖合酶基因在同目植物中进化的高度保守性及同源性。其中, 列当科植物Phelipanche ramosa中的蔗糖合酶PrSus (AEN79500.1) 与CtSus的亲缘关系最为接近。
将测序验证的pET-28a-CtSus, pET-24b-CtSus及pColdTM Ⅰ-CtSus质粒转入大肠杆菌表达感受态Transetta (DE3) 中, 通过菌落PCR筛选阳性克隆进行测序验证, 获得的重组表达菌株通过IPTG低温诱导蛋白表达, 离心收集菌体, 加入裂解缓冲液破碎菌体获得上清液与沉淀, 进行SDS-PAGE检测。结果表明以pET-28a和pET-24b为表达载体时, CtSus未在大肠杆菌中实现表达, 而以pColdTM Ⅰ为表达载体时, 在~100 kDa区域检测到明显的CtSus重组蛋白条带, 与其理论预测相对分子质量92.2 kDa相符(图 1F)。
为了初步验证CtSus的催化功能, 构建了CtSus与糖基转移酶基因UGT71BD1的共表达菌株。UGT71BD1是自管花肉苁蓉中克隆鉴定的一个可广泛接受苯乙醇苷、不同类型的黄酮、二苯乙烯及香豆素等芳香类化合物为受体, 以UDP-葡萄糖为糖供体, 催化底物酚羟基发生葡萄糖基化反应的UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶[18]。CtSus的引入理论上可为UGT71BD1催化的葡萄糖基化反应提供更充足的糖基供体UDP-葡萄糖, 从而促进反应平衡向糖基化产物生成的方向移动, 进而提高糖基化产物的产率。将pColdTM Ⅰ-CtSus质粒与pET-28a-UGT71BD1质粒同时转入大肠杆菌表达感受态Transetta (DE3) 中, 经菌落PCR筛选同时含有两个重组质粒的单克隆, 并分别经测序验证获得阳性重组表达菌株(图 1G)。体外诱导双基因共表达, 以pET-28a-UGT71BD1单基因表达菌株作为对照组, 通过全细胞转化的方式初步验证CtSus催化UDP-葡萄糖供体生成的活性。经高效液相及高分辨质谱分析, 结果发现, 当以秦皮乙素1和白藜芦醇2为底物进行全细胞转化反应, 转化24 h后检测到明显糖基化产物的生成, 结果如图 2所示。
当以1 (m/z 179.034 4 [M+H]+, 分子式C9H6O4) 为底物时, 在5.39 min检测到与底物及对照组产物紫外吸收一致的产物色谱峰1a (m/z 341.087 2 [M+H]+, 预测分子式C15H16O9) 生成, 同时1a的MS2图谱中检测到m/z 179.033 4 [M+H]+的碎片峰, 为1a丢失一分子葡萄糖基(162 Da) 产生, 由此表明1a为底物1连接一分子葡萄糖的产物。通过积分峰面积计算其转化率发现, UGT71BD1全细胞催化底物1生成糖基化产物1a的转化率为71.87%, 而CtSus的加入将该反应的转化率提高到了95.84%, 为对照组的1.3倍; 当底物为化合物2 (m/z 227.072 5 [M-H]-, 分子式C14H12O3) 时, 在10.32和6.52 min分别检测到与底物及对照组产物特征紫外吸收一致的产物色谱峰2a (m/z 389.123 4 [M-H]-, 预测分子式C20H22O8) 和2b (m/z 575.175 9 [M+Na]+, 预测分子式C26H32O13), 产物2am/z 227.071 3 [M-H]-处检测到碎片峰, 为丢失一分子葡萄糖基(162 Da) 产生, 表明2a为底物2连接一分子葡萄糖的产物。通过与文献[18]数据比对以及质谱预测信息, 确定产物2b为底物2连接两分子葡萄糖的产物, 利用积分峰面积计算其转化率发现, CtSus的加入能将底物2的糖基化反应的转化率从64.01%提升到78.51%, 其中单糖苷产物2a的得率由45.09%提升到63.58%, 双糖苷产物2b的得率由18.92%变为14.93%。
全细胞转化实验结果提示CtSus具有催化活性葡萄糖供体UDP-葡萄糖生成的活性。为了进一步通过体外酶促催化反应对此催化活性进行直接验证, 对CtSus基因在pColdTM表达体系下的融合蛋白进行了亲和层析分离纯化, 结果发现, 以pColdTM Ⅰ为表达载体时, 重组蛋白虽有大量表达, 但多在沉淀部分。而以pColdTM TF为表达载体时, CtSus基因在大肠杆菌中实现了大量可溶性表达(图 3A)。经HisTrap FF亲和层析纯化获得融合蛋白进行体外酶促催化反应, 结果如图 3B所示, 当以蔗糖和UDP为底物时, 与阴性对照组对比, 在10.32 min检测到一个新的产物峰, 其保留时间和紫外吸收与UDP-葡萄糖一致, 通过与标准品进行对照证明产物为UDP-葡萄糖。但由于pColdTM TF表达载体所表达的融合蛋白含有较大的trigger factor可溶性标签(标签蛋白大小为48 kDa), 会对蛋白的催化活性产生较大影响, 故进一步利用Factor Xa酶对融合蛋白进行了标签切割, 纯化获得了不含外源标签的CtSus蛋白(图 3A)。将该蛋白进行体外酶促催化反应, 结果发现UDP-葡萄糖的产率由3.53%提高至10.66% (图 3B)。以上结果通过体外酶促催化反应证实了CtSus催化UDP-葡萄糖生成的活性, 同时也说明较大的亲和标签的存在虽有利于实现CtSus的可溶表达, 但也会明显影响酶的体外催化活性。
体外全细胞转化实验及酶促催化反应实验均证实CtSus基因编码蛋白具备催化UDP-葡萄糖合成的能力。为进一步探究该基因在管花肉苁蓉体内与糖苷类化合物生物合成的相关性, 对该基因在管花肉苁蓉不同部位的表达量进行了分析。
松果菊苷为管花肉苁蓉中最具代表性的糖苷类化合物, 其含量可达管花肉苁蓉植物干重的30%以上[23]。课题组前期对管花肉苁蓉植株不同部位的松果菊苷含量进行了测定, 具体表现为: 松果菊苷在不同组织间的含量为吸器 > 地下部分>>地上部分; 其中, 吸器中松果菊苷含量最高。以管花肉苁蓉不同部位的cDNA为模板进行实时荧光定量PCR检测, 通过2–ΔΔCT法分析结果, 并进行差异分析。结果如图 4A所示, CtSus基因在吸器中的表达量最高, 是地上部分的1.5倍, 地下部分的表达量显著高于地上部分的表达量, 这与以松果菊苷为代表的苯乙醇苷类化合物在管花肉苁蓉不同部位中的积累模式一致。
课题前期研究表明, PEG6000诱导的干旱胁迫能显著提升管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞苯乙醇苷类化合物的积累。诱导后3~9天, 松果菊苷含量出现显著提高, 第12~15天, 松果菊苷含量增长速率放缓, 并于第15天达到最大值, 之后随培养时间的延长, 松果菊苷含量逐渐下降[24]。在此研究基础上, 本文以未处理的管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞和经PEG6000诱导的管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞的cDNA为模板, 进行实时荧光定量PCR检测, 考察了CtSus基因在干旱胁迫条件下肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中的表达量变化。结果如图 4B所示, 在经PEG6000诱导处理的管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中, CtSus的表达量在诱导后第6天表现出明显升高, 并在第9天达到最高值, 之后回落到与对照组相同的水平。以上结果显示, 干旱胁迫能显著提高CtSus基因在管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞系中的表达量, 与松果菊苷在干旱胁迫下的积累模式一致。但CtSus基因的表达量峰值的出现早于松果菊苷含量峰值, 由于CtSus催化合成的活性糖基供体是后续松果菊苷生物合成途径中多步糖基化反应所需的重要前体, 因此推测生物体在受到干旱胁迫后会优先调动与初级代谢相关的基因实现活性供体的积累, 继而实现重要次级代谢产物的积累。
基于CtSus催化糖基供体UDP-葡萄糖生成的功能, 进一步对CtSus催化活性的结构基础进行了研究。运用在线工具SOPMA预测蛋白二级结构, 结果表明CtSus的二级结构包含55.28%的α-螺旋(α-helices)、25.47%的随机卷曲(random coil)、12.80%的延伸链(extended strand) 和6.46%的β-折叠(β-turn) (图 5A), 说明CtSus蛋白中α-螺旋是最主要的二级结构单元, 其次随机卷曲也在蛋白中占了大量比例, 延伸链和β-折叠分布于整个蛋白。根据已有研究, 蔗糖合酶通常以四聚体的形式存在, 被认为是其发挥活性的存在形式。因此, 本文进一步利用AlphaFold2对CtSus蛋白进行了结构预测, 得到了其蛋白四聚体三维结构。PDB (Protein Data Bank) 数据库比对发现, 拟南芥中的蔗糖合酶AtSus1 (PDBID 3S28) 与CtSus序列相似度可达77.93%。将预测的CtSus结构与AtSus1三维结构进行比对, 蛋白叠合后均方根偏差RMSD (root-mean square deviation) 值为1.11 Å, 说明两者空间结构一致性较好(图 5B)。
进一步利用已报道的拟南芥AtSus1与UDP及果糖的蛋白-配体晶体复合物结构(PDBID 3S29) 为模板[16], 对CtSus与UDP及果糖的结合模式进行了分析。分子对接结果如图 5C所示, 可以观察到AtSus1与CtSus的底物结合口袋从氨基酸类型及空间分布与构型来看, 两者都极为相似, 重叠度较高, 证明蔗糖合酶的序列在植物中是高度保守的。两个配体—UDP与果糖在蛋白底物结合口袋中的构象如图 5D所示, 其中UDP与CtSus的分子对接最优势构象与AtSus1-UDP晶体复合物中UDP的构象重叠度较好, 证明了分子对接结果的准确性。UDP与蛋白底物结合口袋中关键氨基酸残基的相互作用如图 5E所示, UDP与CtSus间主要通过氢键及疏水相互作用结合在一起, 底物结合口袋中的关键氨基酸残基包括: Leu294、Gly301、Met576、Arg578、Lys583、Gln646、Asn652、Leu677、Thr678、Glu681。
糖基化修饰是一种改善天然产物或药物前体物理性质与生物活性的重要手段之一。与传统化学方法相比, 酶法糖基化修饰具有反应条件温和、选择性强以及环境友好型等优点。但是糖基转移酶的糖基化反应需要大量的UDP-糖供体, 而糖基供体价格昂贵, 不易获得, 导致糖基转移酶不能够广泛运用到工业生产中。而蔗糖合酶能催化可逆反应: 蔗糖+ UDP ⇌ UDP-葡萄糖+ 果糖, 能通过与糖基转移酶的偶联反应, 形成可再生的UDP-葡萄糖循环。管花肉苁蓉富含以苯乙醇苷类化合物为代表的多种不同结构类型的糖苷类化合物, 提示其体内由蔗糖合酶参与的活性糖基供体合成通路代谢较强, 但苁蓉属植物来源的相关蔗糖合酶仍未见报道。本研究首次从管花肉苁蓉中克隆获得一个蔗糖合酶基因CtSus, 该基因编码蛋白含有植物蔗糖合酶的保守结构域; 通过与其他植物中的蔗糖合酶进行序列比对, 发现其与同目植物中的蔗糖合酶氨基酸序列相似度达90%以上, 显示出植物来源蔗糖合酶的高度序列保守性。分子进化分析显示CtSus属于双子叶植物蔗糖合酶分支, 与列当科植物P. ramosa中的蔗糖合酶PrSus的亲缘关系最为接近。
为了探究CtSus的催化活性, 本研究结合课题组前期已经验证活性的糖基转移酶UGT71BD1, 构建了双质粒共表达体系, 通过全细胞催化实验, 实现了在不额外添加UDP-糖供体的条件下对香豆素类化合物秦皮乙素和二苯乙烯类化合物白藜芦醇的糖基化反应。且与对照组相比, CtSus的加入显著提高了UGT71BD1催化两者糖基化反应的转化率。在此基础上, 本研究进一步构建了pColdTM TF-CtSus重组表达质粒, 并在大肠杆菌中实现了重组蛋白的可溶性表达。体外酶促催化反应显示, 在蔗糖和UDP存在的情况下, CtSus能够催化UDP-葡萄糖的生成, 且将重组蛋白中所含有的trigger factor亲和标签切除后, CtSus催化UDP-葡萄糖生成的产物得率有了明显提高。全细胞转化及体外酶促催化反应结果证实了CtSus作为蔗糖合酶催化活性糖基供体UDP-葡萄糖生成的活性。为进一步探究CtSus基因与管花肉苁蓉糖苷类化合物生物合成的相关性, 通过实时荧光定量PCR实验对CtSus在管花肉苁蓉不同部位中的表达情况进行了分析, 结果显示该基因在管花肉苁蓉吸器中表达量最高。管花肉苁蓉为寄生植物, 无法通过光合作用获得生长发育所需的营养, 故需要寄生在宿主植物的根部依赖寄主植物获取营养物质以维持生长。植物体内多是由蔗糖提供能量与碳源供体[12], 但是蔗糖并不能被细胞直接使用, 需要进一步被分解, 而吸器是连接肉苁蓉和寄主植物的桥梁, 在其寄生过程中发挥着至关重要的作用[25], 因此管花肉苁蓉吸器中蔗糖合酶的高表达具有合理性。CtSus在吸器中的高表达也与苯乙醇苷类化合物在吸器中大量的积累模式一致。此外, 通过对干旱胁迫下不同时间点管花肉苁蓉悬浮细胞中CtSus基因表达水平变化的荧光定量PCR分析发现, 干旱胁迫能显著提高CtSus基因在悬浮细胞系中的表达量, 与松果菊苷在干旱胁迫下悬浮细胞系中的积累模式一致, 以上结果提示CtSus在体内参与了管花肉苁蓉中以松果菊苷为代表的苯乙醇苷类化合物的生物合成途径, 为其生物合成途径中多步糖基化反应提供了活性糖基供体UDP-葡萄糖。总之, 本研究鉴定获得了肉苁蓉中一个新的蔗糖合酶基因, 实现了活性糖基供体的体外酶法合成, 亦为肉苁蓉糖苷类化合物的生物合成工程菌的构建提供了新的基因元件。
作者贡献: 田维圣负责CtSus基因生物信息学分析、表达分析、酶活性分析及论文初稿撰写; 闫雅如负责基因筛选与克隆; 崔晓雪、黄文倩参与生物信息学分析与表达分析; 王迎夏、赵赛静参与载体构建与酶活性分析; 李军、史社坡主要指导酶活性分析与表达分析; 屠鹏飞、刘晓负责论文思路设计、指导实验及论文撰写与修改。所有作者参与论文修改。
利益冲突: 无相关利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82173922)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81402809)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023-JYB-JBQN-054)
  • 北京市自然科学基金项目(7192112)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Song ZH, Lei L, Tu PF. Advances in research of pharmacological activity in plants of Cistanche Hoffing. et Link [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2003, 34: 113-115.
[2]
Liu WJ, Liu Y, Song QQ, et al. Chemome comparison between cultivated and wild Cistanche tubulosa using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2018, 43: 3506-3512.
[3]
Song Y, Zeng K, Jiang Y, et al. Cistanches Herba, from an endangered species to a big brand of Chinese medicine [J]. Med Res Rev, 2021, 41: 1539-1577.
[4]
Liu Y, Wang H, Yang M, et al. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides protects PC12 cells against OGD/RP-induced injury [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 99: 671-680.
[5]
Yin Y, Huang J, Gu X, et al. Evolution of plant nucleotide-sugar interconversion enzymes [J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6: e27995.
[6]
Bar-Peled M, O'Neill MA. Plant nucleotide sugar formation, interconversion, and salvage by sugar recycling [J]. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2011, 62: 127-155.
[7]
Guo H, Li L, Wang PG. Biochemical characterization of UDP-GlcNAc/Glc4-epimerase from Escherichia coli O86: B7 [J]. Biochemistry, 2006, 45: 13760-13768.
[8]
Dong S, Chesnokova ON, Turnbough CL Jr, et al. Identification of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase involved in exosporium protein glycosylation in Bacillus anthracis [J]. J Bacteriol, 2009, 191: 7094-7101.
[9]
Li LN, Kong JQ. Transcriptome-wide identification of sucrose synthase genes in Ornithogalum caudatum [J]. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 18778-18792.
[10]
Schmölzer K, Gutmann A, Diricks M, et al. Sucrose synthase: a unique glycosyltransferase for biocatalytic glycosylation process development [J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2016, 34: 88-111.
[11]
Cardini CE, Leloir LF, Chiriboga J. The biosynthesis of sucrose [J]. J Biol Chem, 1955, 214: 149-155.
[12]
Stein O, Granot D. An overview of sucrose synthases in plants [J]. Front Plant Sci, 2019, 10: 95.
[13]
Masada S, Kawase Y, Nagatoshi M, et al. An efficient chemoenzymatic production of small molecule glucosides with in situ recycling [J]. FEBS Lett, 2007, 581: 2562-2566.
[14]
Bungaruang L, Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. Leloir glycosyltransferases and natural product glycosylation: biocatalytic synthesis of the C-glucoside nothofagin, a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea [J]. Adv Synth Catal, 2013, 355: 2757-2763.
[15]
Liu X, Yan Y, Liu Y, et al. Cell culture establishment and regulation of two phenylethanoid glycosides accumulation in cell suspension culture of desert plant Cistanche tubulosa [J]. Plant Cell Tiss Org, 2018, 134: 107-118.
[16]
Zheng Y, Anderson S, Zhang Y, et al. The structure of sucrose synthase-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its functional implications [J]. J Biol Chem, 2011, 286: 36108-36118.
[17]
Li TZ, Wang JL, Liu X, et al. Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight [J]. Plant Physiol J (植物生理学报), 2021, 57: 969-981.
[18]
Yan YR, Mo T, Huang WQ, et al. Glycosylation of aromatic glycosides by a promiscuous glycosyltransferase UGT71BD1 from Cistanche tubulosa [J]. J Nat Prod, 2022, 85: 1826-1836.
[19]
Mo T, Liu X, Liu Y, et al. Expanded investigations of the aglycon promiscuity and catalysis characteristic of flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase AtUGT78D1 from Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 84616-84626.
[20]
Jumper J, Evans R, Pritzel A, et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold [J]. Nature, 2021, 596: 583-589.
[21]
Trott O, Olson AJ. AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading [J]. J Comput Chem, 2010, 31: 455-461.
[22]
Wang CL, Tu PF, Guo YH, et al. Chemical constituents in artificial culitvated Cistanche tubulosa [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2004, 35: 676-679.
[23]
Tu PF, Wang B, Deyama T, et al. Analysis of phenylethanoid glycosides of herba Cistanchis by RP-HPLC [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 1997, 32: 294-300.
[24]
Yan YR, Yang HY, Qi BW, et al. Effect of drought stress on accumulation of two respective phenylethanoid glycosides in tissue culture of Cistanche tubulosa [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2019, 50: 2452-2460.
[25]
Westwood JH, Yoder JI, Timko MP, et al. The evolution of parasitism in plants [J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2010, 15: 227-235.
2024年第59卷第11期
PDF下载
167
69
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069
  • 接收时间:2024-01-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-11-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23
  • 修回日期:2024-08-11
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82173922)
国家自然科学基金项目(81402809)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023-JYB-JBQN-054)
北京市自然科学基金项目(7192112)
作者信息
    1.北京中医药大学, 中医药研究院, 中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
    2.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    3.山西中医药大学, 太行本草研究院, 山西 晋中 030619
    4.北京大学药学院, 天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室, 北京 100191

通讯作者:

*闫雅如, Tel: 86-351-3179717, E-mail: ;
屠鹏飞, E-mail: ;
刘晓, Tel: 86-10-53911868, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0069
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏