Article(id=1199783109060296853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720281600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-07, revisedDate=1723478400000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980184092, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1731340800000, pubDateStr=2024-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980184092, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980184092, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980184092, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783099115598386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='2897', pageEnd='3178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980181720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225007568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3104, endPage=3116, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783109479727281, articleId=1199783109060296853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effects of probiotics and docosahexaenoic acid on learning memory and brain damage in Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease mice, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study aims to investigate and compare the effects of probiotics and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic drug donepezil on the learning cognition and brain damage related indexes in AD mice, and to provide experimental basis for its treatment of AD. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Henan University of Chinese Medicine (ethics number DWLL2018080003). Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham-operated, model, donepezil (10 mg·kg-1), probiotic (2.7×109 CFU·d-1), and DHA (0.104 g·kg-1). Except for the sham-operated group, the AD animal model was established by injecting Aβ25-35 (200 μmol·L-1) in the lateral ventricle, followed by gavage administration for 4 weeks. In all mouse groups, learning memory ability, neuronal morphology in the hippocampus, apoptosis of primary hippocampal cells, and immune cell levels were detected. The levels of Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, AchE, Ach, oxidative stress, glial cell activation, and the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α in the brain tissue of mice were also detected. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to further investigate the effects of donepezil and probiotics on AD. Donepezil, probiotics and DHA improved cognitive deficits and enhanced learning memory in Aβ25-35-induced mice by increasing locomotion time, locomotion distance, autonomic alternation rate, and shortening the time to reach the plateau; it significantly attenuated Aβ25-35-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice by decreasing Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, AchE, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA and increasing the levels of Ach, IL-10, GSH-Px, and T-SOD in brain tissues, as well as decreasing the activation of glial cells, and had a modulatory effect on immune cells. 16S rDNA sequencing shows that both donepezil and probiotics restore flora homeostasis and that differential bacteria are strongly associated with cognition, AD pathology, and neuroinflammation. Combining all indicators, donepezil and probiotics were more effective than DHA. All in all, donepezil, probiotics and DHA ameliorate Aβ25-35-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in mice by modulating immune cells, reducing the number of apoptotic cells and glial cell activation in the brain, and decreasing the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factor expression, among which the effects of donepezil and probiotics were better than those of DHA, and the therapeutic effects of donepezil and probiotics on AD were closely related to the modulation of gut microbiome.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Feng-xiao HAO, Meng-nan ZENG, Bing CAO, Xi-wen LIANG, Kai-li YE, Xin-mian JIAO, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783112709341552, articleId=1199783109060296853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=益生菌和二十二碳六烯酸对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆及脑损伤的作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究并比较益生菌及二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) 与阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease, AD) 治疗药物多奈哌齐对AD小鼠学习认知及脑损伤相关指标的影响, 为其治疗AD提供实验依据。所有动物实验经河南中医药大学伦理委员会批准(伦理号为DWLL2018080003)。将50只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、多奈哌齐组(10 mg·kg-1)、益生菌组(2.7×109 CFU·d-1)、DHA组(0.104 g·kg-1), 除假手术组外, 其他组采用侧脑室注射Aβ25-35 (200 μmol·L-1) 的方法构建AD动物模型, 之后灌胃给药4周。检测各组小鼠学习记忆能力、海马区神经元形态、原代海马细胞凋亡和免疫细胞水平; 同时检测小鼠脑组织Aβ1-42、Aβ1-40、p-Tau、AchE、Ach、氧化应激、胶质细胞活化及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α的水平; 并通过16S rDNA测序进一步探究多奈哌齐和益生菌对AD的干预作用。结果显示, 多奈哌齐、益生菌及DHA通过增加Aβ25-35诱导小鼠运动时间、运动距离、自主交替率, 缩短到达平台时间, 改善了其认知障碍并增强学习记忆能力; 通过降低脑组织中Aβ1-42、Aβ1-40、p-Tau、AchE、IL-1β、TNF-α、MDA及增加Ach、IL-10、GSH-Px、T-SOD水平, 同时减少胶质细胞活化, 显著减轻Aβ25-35诱导小鼠脑损伤和神经炎症, 并且对免疫细胞具有调节作用; 16S rDNA测序显示多奈哌齐和益生菌均可恢复菌群稳态, 并且差异菌与认知、AD病理、神经炎症等存在密切相关。综合所有指标, 多奈哌齐与益生菌效果优于DHA。综上所述, 多奈哌齐、益生菌及DHA通过调节免疫细胞、减少脑内细胞凋亡和胶质细胞活化数量, 降低氧化应激及炎症因子表达水平来改善Aβ25-35诱导小鼠的认知功能障碍和脑损伤, 其中多奈哌齐及益生菌效果优于DHA, 且多奈哌齐及益生菌对AD的治疗与调节菌群密切相关。

, correspAuthors=郑晓珂, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郑晓珂, Tel: 13623855366, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mLu4w7xFoKUakJ3dq4EAdQ==, magXml=AtYTWufUZ+Bz6+Nj0BblfQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=39PI5Gdu1ijBVh/AUge2kQ==, pdfFileSize=5747340, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PPGJWHAYtwgpd8F6kLRYuQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OE0eQS5QK1f+xPjP+xtpWQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=郝凤霄, 曾梦楠, 曹兵, 梁喜文, 叶凯利, 焦新棉, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂)}, authors=[Author(id=1200375553636291109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553749537325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375553636291109, language=EN, stringName=Feng-xiao HAO, firstName=Feng-xiao, middleName=null, lastName=HAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375553858589242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375553636291109, language=CN, stringName=郝凤霄, firstName=凤霄, middleName=null, lastName=郝, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375553988612675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554349322834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375553988612675, language=EN, stringName=Meng-nan ZENG, firstName=Meng-nan, middleName=null, lastName=ZENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554525483616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375553988612675, language=CN, stringName=曾梦楠, firstName=梦楠, middleName=null, lastName=曾, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375554638729833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554777141877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375554638729833, language=EN, stringName=Bing CAO, firstName=Bing, middleName=null, lastName=CAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375554877805181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375554638729833, language=CN, stringName=曹兵, firstName=兵, middleName=null, lastName=曹, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375554982662788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555095909004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375554982662788, language=EN, stringName=Xi-wen LIANG, firstName=Xi-wen, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555209155220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375554982662788, language=CN, stringName=梁喜文, firstName=喜文, middleName=null, lastName=梁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375555318207134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555481784999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375555318207134, language=EN, stringName=Kai-li YE, firstName=Kai-li, middleName=null, lastName=YE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555632779952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375555318207134, language=CN, stringName=叶凯利, firstName=凯利, middleName=null, lastName=叶, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375555813135034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375555938964164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375555813135034, language=EN, stringName=Xin-mian JIAO, firstName=Xin-mian, middleName=null, lastName=JIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375556014461641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375555813135034, language=CN, stringName=焦新棉, firstName=新棉, middleName=null, lastName=焦, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375556089959120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375556236759767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375556089959120, language=EN, stringName=Wei-sheng FENG, firstName=Wei-sheng, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375556362588893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375556089959120, language=CN, stringName=冯卫生, firstName=卫生, middleName=null, lastName=冯, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])]), Author(id=1200375556467446503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhengxk.2006@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200375557822206709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375556467446503, language=EN, stringName=Xiao-ke ZHENG, firstName=Xiao-ke, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200375557952230137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, authorId=1200375556467446503, language=CN, stringName=郑晓珂, firstName=晓珂, middleName=null, lastName=郑, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200375558438769423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Alzheimer's disease), Keyword(id=1200375558640096027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=probiotics), Keyword(id=1200375558795285285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=docosahexaenoic acid), Keyword(id=1200375558942085937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=brain injury), Keyword(id=1200375559093080892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=neuroinflammation), Keyword(id=1200375559214715713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=阿尔茨海默症), Keyword(id=1200375559399265100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=益生菌), Keyword(id=1200375559554454358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=二十二碳六烯酸), Keyword(id=1200375559680283487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=脑损伤), Keyword(id=1200375559806112614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=神经炎症)], refs=[Reference(id=1200375565174820903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Islam MA, et al. Amyloid-β and phosphorylated Tau are the key biomarkers and predictors of Alzheimer's disease [J]. Aging Dis, 2024. DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.0286., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375565317427243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu X, Wang Q, Zhang CX, et al. Progress in microglia-astrocyte interactions and their mediation of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Comp Med (中国比较医学杂志), 2023, 33: 142-149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375566567329841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng Y, Li PP, Li L, et al. Progress of clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease drugs [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2016, 51: 1185-1195., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375566718324789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen JZ, Huang X, Zhu LL, et al. New progresses in the mechanism of natural medicine on Alzheimer's disease [J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med (中药药理与临床), 2018, 34: 194-200., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375566902874172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang RX, Huang R, Zhao J. Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of GalR2 and AchE in piriform cortex of AD rats [J]. J Wannan Med Coll (皖南医学院学报), 2023, 42: 9-13., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567070646336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Q. Improvement of intellectual status, cognitive function and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil [J]. Chin Pract J Rural Doc (中国实用乡村医生杂志), 2024, 31: 35-38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567183892548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li ZM, Li JJ, Zhuang YY, et al. Effects of probiotics on brain neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats [J]. Shaanxi Med J (陕西医学杂志), 2021, 50: 771-775., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567326498888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li YH, Zheng LL, Huang CQ. Effects of probiotics on Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis [J]. Med J West China (西部医学), 2021, 33: 1637-1641., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567443939407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng MY, Zhu XH, Huang L, et al. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate learning and memory abilities in APPPS1 mice by regulating microglial activation and polarization [J]. J Army Med Univ (陆军军医大学学报), 2024, 46: 928-939., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567594934358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu B, Liu Z, Zheng XF, et al. The mechanism of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid DHA on β-amyloid-induced memory impairment in mice [J]. J Apoplexy Nerv Dis (中风与神经疾病杂志), 2020, 37: 108-111., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567695597660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao B, Zeng MN, Zhang QQ, et al. Amentoflavone ameliorates memory deficits and abnormal autophagy in Aβ25-35-induced mice by mTOR signaling [J]. Neurochem Res, 2021, 46: 921-934., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567783678046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hao FX, Zeng MN, Cao B, et al. Effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ25-35-induced brain injure and neuroinflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2023, 48: 4015-4026., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375567896924255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo P, Zeng M, Wang S, et al. Eriodictyol and homoeriodictyol improve memory impairment in Aβ25-35-induced mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome [J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 2488., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568035336291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu ZY, Jiang H, He SH, et al. Research progress on mental state and intervention methods of patients with Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Convalescent Med (中国疗养医学), 2024, 33: 45-50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568119222373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sang C, Liu JQ, Wang GQ, et al. Behavioral assessment methods for rodent cognitive impairment models: current status and prospects [J]. J Apoplexy Nerv Dis (中风与神经疾病杂志), 2024, 41: 395-401., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568224079976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang MM, Zhang YM. Research on biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Med (中国医刊), 2021, 56: 8-12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568337326188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song XJ, Cao J, Yang YC, et al. Effect of processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein and truncated amyloid-β protein on Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chem Life (生命的化学), 2020, 40: 43-50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568479932527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu CC, Wang PC, Wang YQ. Regulatory mechanism of β-secretase by protein interactions in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Biochem Mol Biol (中国生物化学与分子生物学报), 2023, 39: 54-61., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568588984434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Z, Wang K, Xu JC, et al. Progress in the study of traditional Chinese medicine against Alzheimer's disease based on the mechanism of Aβ production and aggregation [J]. Chin J Gerontol (中国老年学杂志), 2022, 42: 3858-3862., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568731590774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H, Zheng Y. β amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, prevention, and management [J]. Acta Acad Med Sin (中国医学科学院学报), 2019, 41: 702-708., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568853225594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen SM, Zhang TT. Research progress on the relationship between cognitive function and oxidative stress indicators in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease [J]. J Public Health Preventive Med (公共卫生与预防医学), 2024, 35: 123-127., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375568966471806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Leyns CEG, Ulrich JD, Finn MB, et al. TREM2 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation and protects against neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2017, 114: 11524-11529., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569083912320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang ZY, Dong ZJ, Kan BH. Research progress on the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and its treatment [J]. Chin J Gerontol (中国老年学杂志), 2024, 44: 2277-2280., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569180381316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song ZS. Study on the Mechanism of Pre-moxibustion Regulating the Polarization of AD-like Microglia Induced by Aβ25-35 based on TLR4/NF-κB Signal Pathway (基于TLR4/NF-κB信号通路探讨逆灸调控Aβ25-35诱导AD样大鼠小胶质细胞极化机制) [D]. Hefei: Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569268461703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma XW. Aβ1-42 Induces Aerobic Glycolysis and Promotes Microglial Inflammation through the EphA2/p38 MAPK Pathway (Aβ1-42诱导有氧糖酵解通过EphA2/p38 MAPK通路促进小胶质细胞炎症反应) [D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569343959179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang J. The Role and Mechanism of Astrocyte Senescence in the Pathological Process of APP/PS1/Tau Transgenic AD Mice (星型胶质细胞衰老在APP/PS1/Tau转基因AD小鼠病理进程中的作用及机制研究) [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou Medical University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569524314253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tamberi L, Belloni A, Pugnaloni A, et al. The influence of myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases [J]. Cells, 2024, 13: 643., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569658531984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Torres KC, Araújo Pereira P, Lima GS, et al. Increased frequency of T cells expressing IL-10 in Alzheimer disease but not in late-onset depression patients [J]. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2013, 47: 40-45., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375569805332626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, He Z, Xing Z, et al. Influenza vaccination in early Alzheimer's disease rescues amyloidosis and ameliorates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting regulatory T cells [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17: 65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375570946183317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu M, Zeng M, Wang S, et al. Thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine reduce microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury [J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2022, 729: 109377., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571059429526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi L, Sun BG. The abnormal innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Cell Biol (中国细胞生物学学报), 2024, 46: 533-543., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571168481435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu ZW. Advances in the study of the correlation between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease [J]. Sci Technol Vision (科技视界), 2023, (19): 42-43., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571319476382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu MD. The Amelioration and Mechanisms of Yeast-β-Glucans on Alzheimer's Disease (酵母β-葡聚糖对阿尔茨海默病的保护作用及相关机制研究) [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571428528290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chui ZSW, Chan LML, Zhang EWH, et al. Effects of microbiome-based interventions on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14: 9558., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571655020706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Barceló-Coblijn G, Murphy EJ. Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels [J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2009, 48: 355-374., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571822792869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Iwao T, Takata F, Matsumoto J, et al. Aging decreases docosahexaenoic acid transport across the blood-brain barrier in C57BL/6J mice [J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18: e0281946., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375571940233385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Probiotics and microbial metabolites maintain barrier and neuromuscular functions and clean protein aggregation to delay disease progression in TDP43 mutation mice [J]. Gut Microbes, 2024, 16: 2363880., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375572145754285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, et al. Role of probiotics and diet in the management of neurological diseases and mood states: a review [J]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10: 2268., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375572267389108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X, Yu D, Xue L, et al. Probiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and improve memory deficits in aged SAMP8 mice [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2020, 10: 475-487., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200375572384829619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu B, Li BH, Mao WJ, et al. Effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms and intestinal flora in mice with Parkinson's disease and depression [J]. Chin J Coal Ind Med (中国煤炭工业医学杂志), 2022, 25: 449-453., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200375564344348689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, awardId=2019YFC1708802, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化研究(2019YFC1708802), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200375564520509460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, awardId=2017YFC1702800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化研究(2017YFC1702800), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200375564751196190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, awardId=32200322, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(32200322), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200375553359467013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553363661319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553376244231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553359467013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200375553489490450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553497879059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200375553502073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, companyId=1200375553489490450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200375560154239862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8VL/TaqfyRUe0JER11cGGQ==, figureFileBig=RF+oUDA3WT0AgEPDg52xEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375560259097469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effects of probiotics and DHA on cognition and learning memory in A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. A-C: Representative images of the open-field experiment (A) and quantitative results of movement distance (B) and movement time (C); D, E: Representative images of the Y-maze alternation experiment (E) and quantitative results of the spontaneous alternation rate (D); F, G: Representative images of the water maze on day 6 (F) and quantitative results of the time to reach the plateau on days 2-6 (G). <i>n</i> = 8, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M group. Sham: Control group; Don: Donepezil group; YSJ: Probiotics group; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid group , figureFileSmall=8VL/TaqfyRUe0JER11cGGQ==, figureFileBig=RF+oUDA3WT0AgEPDg52xEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375560414286728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CebePUH19PTfOUGWeorbZg==, figureFileBig=QTlNEIGzyaWWC04P1fWy3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375560519144340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of probiotics and DHA on brain histopathology in A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced AD mice. A: Nissl staining to detect cell damage in the mouse hippocampal region (400×, arrow pointing to damaged cells), bar: 30 μm; B: Quantitative results on the density of Nissl's vesicles in the hippocampus; C-E: Quantification of amyloid beta 1-40 (A<i>β</i><sub>1-40</sub>, C), amyloid beta 1-42 (A<i>β</i><sub>1-42</sub>, D) and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau (p-Tau181, E) levels in mouse brain tissue; F, G: Quantitative results of acetylcholinesterase (AchE, F) and acetylcholine (Ach, G) levels in mouse brain tissue. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M group , figureFileSmall=CebePUH19PTfOUGWeorbZg==, figureFileBig=QTlNEIGzyaWWC04P1fWy3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375560661750687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ocvQAIOArheMJGpMjkOuEA==, figureFileBig=rBwiVL73a4W7te4onqdBZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375560913408936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of probiotics and DHA on apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain tissues of A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced AD mice. A, B: Representative maps and quantitative results of apoptosis in mouse brain progenitor cells detected by flow cytometry; C, D: Representative maps and quantitative results of flow cytometry detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse brain progenitor cells; E-G: Quantification of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, E), malonaldehyde (MDA, F) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD, G) levels in mouse brain tissue. <i>n</i> = 3 or 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M group , figureFileSmall=ocvQAIOArheMJGpMjkOuEA==, figureFileBig=rBwiVL73a4W7te4onqdBZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375562201060269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wZV1AxeA+pVbN2hqCuX/1w==, figureFileBig=I83rXYWt4anjhPV75+/2WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375562536604598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of probiotics and DHA on immune cells in the brain of A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced AD mice. Tregs cells (A, B), Th, Tc cells (C, D), NK cells (E, F), MDSC cells (G, H) in mouse brain tissue detected by flow cytometry. Figure A, C, E, G shows representative images, and Figure B, D, F, H shows quantitative results. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M group. Treg: Regulatory T cells; Th: The helper cells; Tc: The cytotoxic cells; NK: Natural killer cells; MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells , figureFileSmall=wZV1AxeA+pVbN2hqCuX/1w==, figureFileBig=I83rXYWt4anjhPV75+/2WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375562792457149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=YJFMJujfsbkVluQqESvhLQ==, figureFileBig=TH6+ir+hOKDqnLFkfQbCBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563014755271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of probiotics and DHA on glial cell activation and inflammatory factors in brain tissue of A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced AD mice. A, B: Representative images of GFAP and Iba1 protein expression in the hippocampus (A) and cerebral cortex (B) detected by immunofluorescence (bar: 20 μm); C, D: Quantification of GFAP (C) and Iba1 (D) in hippocampal regions; E, F: Quantitative results of GFAP (E) and Iba1 (F) in cerebral cortex; G-I: Quantification of interleukin-1<i>β</i> (IL-1<i>β</i>, G), interleukin-10 (IL-10, H) and tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>, I) levels in mouse brain tissue. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Sham group; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M group. GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba1: Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 , figureFileSmall=YJFMJujfsbkVluQqESvhLQ==, figureFileBig=TH6+ir+hOKDqnLFkfQbCBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563174138827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tg4Z71uXp39Vx7Fc4VItrw==, figureFileBig=tgTFCzq1qVhPugdX4g5/cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563346105302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effect of probiotics on the gut microbiota of mice with A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced AD (<i>n</i> = 5). A: PCA plot for principal component analysis of gut microbiota in mice; B: Column stacks of the top 20 gut microbiota in terms of genus-level abundance , figureFileSmall=tg4Z71uXp39Vx7Fc4VItrw==, figureFileBig=tgTFCzq1qVhPugdX4g5/cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563480323036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=v9EvpTb4ePu9i5NSUHydAQ==, figureFileBig=INIIHZuBwsyEp34LNXEKpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563576792036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota in A<i>β</i><sub>25-35</sub> induced AD mice (<i>n</i> = 5). A: LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota in mice in the M and Don groups; B: LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota in mice in the M and YSJ groups , figureFileSmall=v9EvpTb4ePu9i5NSUHydAQ==, figureFileBig=INIIHZuBwsyEp34LNXEKpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563690038255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=35ZK65yradPkwmTZu9UvmA==, figureFileBig=G0Zk1bJ1KimCo3tjKesYwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563820061687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Results of the correlation analysis of the differential gut microbiota with pathological and biochemical indices in donepezil-treated mice. A-D: Quantification of the relative abundance of the differential bacteria <i>g</i>_<i>unclassified</i>_<i>o</i>_<i>Bacteroidales</i> (A), <i>g</i>_<i>Limosilactobacillus</i> (B), <i>g</i>_<i>Staphylococcus</i> (C), <i>g</i>_<i>Odoribacter</i> (D); E: Network diagram of the correlation analysis between different bacteria of gut microbiota and pathological and biochemical indices of mice in Don group. <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=35ZK65yradPkwmTZu9UvmA==, figureFileBig=G0Zk1bJ1KimCo3tjKesYwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375563937502203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ceybUo4sthfsabZjODkD/A==, figureFileBig=VHR4BACPmF5V1iOVka/ikA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200375564059136003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783109060296853, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption= Results of the correlation analysis of the differential gut microbiota with pathological and biochemical indices in probiotic-treated mice. A-E: Quantification of the relative abundance of the differential bacteria <i>g</i>_<i>Lacrimispora</i> (A), <i>g</i>_<i>Neglectibacter</i> (B), <i>g</i>_<i>Desulfovibrio</i> (C), <i>g</i>_<i>unclassified</i>_<i>o</i>_<i>Eubacteriales</i> (D), <i>g</i>_<i>unclassified</i>_<i>f</i>_<i>Oscillospiraceae</i> (E); F: Network diagram of the correlation analysis between different bacteria of gut microbiota and pathological and biochemical indices of mice in YSJ group. <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=ceybUo4sthfsabZjODkD/A==, figureFileBig=VHR4BACPmF5V1iOVka/ikA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
益生菌和二十二碳六烯酸对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆及脑损伤的作用
收藏切换
PDF下载
郝凤霄 1, 2 , 曾梦楠 1, 2 , 曹兵 1, 2 , 梁喜文 1 , 叶凯利 1, 2 , 焦新棉 1, 2 , 冯卫生 1, 2 , 郑晓珂 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(11): 3104-3116
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(11): 3104-3116
益生菌和二十二碳六烯酸对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆及脑损伤的作用
全屏
郝凤霄1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 曹兵1, 2, 梁喜文1, 叶凯利1, 2, 焦新棉1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, 郑晓珂1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*郑晓珂, Tel: 13623855366, E-mail:
Effects of probiotics and docosahexaenoic acid on learning memory and brain damage in Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease mice
Feng-xiao HAO1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Bing CAO1, 2, Xi-wen LIANG1, Kai-li YE1, 2, Xin-mian JIAO1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634
文章导航
收藏切换

探究并比较益生菌及二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) 与阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease, AD) 治疗药物多奈哌齐对AD小鼠学习认知及脑损伤相关指标的影响, 为其治疗AD提供实验依据。所有动物实验经河南中医药大学伦理委员会批准(伦理号为DWLL2018080003)。将50只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、多奈哌齐组(10 mg·kg-1)、益生菌组(2.7×109 CFU·d-1)、DHA组(0.104 g·kg-1), 除假手术组外, 其他组采用侧脑室注射Aβ25-35 (200 μmol·L-1) 的方法构建AD动物模型, 之后灌胃给药4周。检测各组小鼠学习记忆能力、海马区神经元形态、原代海马细胞凋亡和免疫细胞水平; 同时检测小鼠脑组织Aβ1-42、Aβ1-40、p-Tau、AchE、Ach、氧化应激、胶质细胞活化及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α的水平; 并通过16S rDNA测序进一步探究多奈哌齐和益生菌对AD的干预作用。结果显示, 多奈哌齐、益生菌及DHA通过增加Aβ25-35诱导小鼠运动时间、运动距离、自主交替率, 缩短到达平台时间, 改善了其认知障碍并增强学习记忆能力; 通过降低脑组织中Aβ1-42、Aβ1-40、p-Tau、AchE、IL-1β、TNF-α、MDA及增加Ach、IL-10、GSH-Px、T-SOD水平, 同时减少胶质细胞活化, 显著减轻Aβ25-35诱导小鼠脑损伤和神经炎症, 并且对免疫细胞具有调节作用; 16S rDNA测序显示多奈哌齐和益生菌均可恢复菌群稳态, 并且差异菌与认知、AD病理、神经炎症等存在密切相关。综合所有指标, 多奈哌齐与益生菌效果优于DHA。综上所述, 多奈哌齐、益生菌及DHA通过调节免疫细胞、减少脑内细胞凋亡和胶质细胞活化数量, 降低氧化应激及炎症因子表达水平来改善Aβ25-35诱导小鼠的认知功能障碍和脑损伤, 其中多奈哌齐及益生菌效果优于DHA, 且多奈哌齐及益生菌对AD的治疗与调节菌群密切相关。

阿尔茨海默症  /  益生菌  /  二十二碳六烯酸  /  脑损伤  /  神经炎症

The study aims to investigate and compare the effects of probiotics and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic drug donepezil on the learning cognition and brain damage related indexes in AD mice, and to provide experimental basis for its treatment of AD. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Henan University of Chinese Medicine (ethics number DWLL2018080003). Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham-operated, model, donepezil (10 mg·kg-1), probiotic (2.7×109 CFU·d-1), and DHA (0.104 g·kg-1). Except for the sham-operated group, the AD animal model was established by injecting Aβ25-35 (200 μmol·L-1) in the lateral ventricle, followed by gavage administration for 4 weeks. In all mouse groups, learning memory ability, neuronal morphology in the hippocampus, apoptosis of primary hippocampal cells, and immune cell levels were detected. The levels of Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, AchE, Ach, oxidative stress, glial cell activation, and the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α in the brain tissue of mice were also detected. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to further investigate the effects of donepezil and probiotics on AD. Donepezil, probiotics and DHA improved cognitive deficits and enhanced learning memory in Aβ25-35-induced mice by increasing locomotion time, locomotion distance, autonomic alternation rate, and shortening the time to reach the plateau; it significantly attenuated Aβ25-35-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice by decreasing Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, AchE, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA and increasing the levels of Ach, IL-10, GSH-Px, and T-SOD in brain tissues, as well as decreasing the activation of glial cells, and had a modulatory effect on immune cells. 16S rDNA sequencing shows that both donepezil and probiotics restore flora homeostasis and that differential bacteria are strongly associated with cognition, AD pathology, and neuroinflammation. Combining all indicators, donepezil and probiotics were more effective than DHA. All in all, donepezil, probiotics and DHA ameliorate Aβ25-35-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in mice by modulating immune cells, reducing the number of apoptotic cells and glial cell activation in the brain, and decreasing the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factor expression, among which the effects of donepezil and probiotics were better than those of DHA, and the therapeutic effects of donepezil and probiotics on AD were closely related to the modulation of gut microbiome.

Alzheimer's disease  /  probiotics  /  docosahexaenoic acid  /  brain injury  /  neuroinflammation
郝凤霄, 曾梦楠, 曹兵, 梁喜文, 叶凯利, 焦新棉, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂. 益生菌和二十二碳六烯酸对Aβ25-35诱导阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆及脑损伤的作用. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3104 -3116 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634
Feng-xiao HAO, Meng-nan ZENG, Bing CAO, Xi-wen LIANG, Kai-li YE, Xin-mian JIAO, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG. Effects of probiotics and docosahexaenoic acid on learning memory and brain damage in Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (11) : 3104 -3116 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634
阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease, AD) 是一种起病隐匿以进行性认知功能障碍和行为损害为特征的中枢神经系统退行性疾病, 常发生于老年和老年前期。β淀粉样蛋白和磷酸化Tau蛋白的异常积累是其主要病理特征[1]。此外, 胶质细胞活化引起的神经炎症与AD的发生发展也密切相关[2]。但目前关于AD的具体发病机制尚未完全明确, 临床用于治疗AD的药物主要为乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase, AchE) 抑制剂和N-甲基D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂[3], 但这些药物无法完全治愈AD。因此, 针对可能影响AD的因素, 从多角度、多方向出发寻找治疗AD的药物可能给研究人员带来新的见解。
胆碱能神经元在中枢神经系统内分布极为广泛, 其损伤是AD发生的一个关键因素[4]。乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine, Ach) 作为一种广泛存在于中枢神经系统的神经递质, 与学习记忆能力密切相关[5], 有研究指出Ach合成减少是导致AD的重要原因。多奈哌齐(donepezil, Don) 作为一种AchE抑制剂已用于临床, 能通过降低AchE活性抑制AchE对乙酰胆碱分解的效果, 从而提高脑内Ach水平, 增强胆碱能神经信号传递能力, 恢复认知功能[6]。除胆碱酯酶抑制剂类药物外, 近年来, 越来越多的研究指出AD患者肠道菌群种类和丰度发生了改变, 恢复菌群稳态可改善AD。益生菌作为一类定殖于宿主体内的有益活性微生物, 可有效调节肠道菌群并维持菌群的动态平衡。Li等[7]的研究指出以每天108 CFU的益生菌悬液灌胃3周可减轻脂多糖诱发大鼠脑内神经炎症并改善认知功能障碍; Li等[8]发现服用益生菌对改善AD认知功能障碍患者认知功能具有积极的影响。在AD中, 菌群紊乱还会影响其代谢产物脂肪酸的含量, 而多不饱和脂肪酸又与维持认知密切相关[9]。二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) 为天然的长链多不饱和脂肪酸, 被称“脑黄金”, 其作为脑的重要组成部分, 具有增强大脑的记忆和思维能力、提高智力、预防衰老的功能[10]。但目前针对益生菌及DHA改善AD的研究尚不完善, 以寻找改善AD患者认知功能、延缓疾病进展的新药物为目的, 实验通过侧脑室注射保留全长β淀粉样蛋白1-40/42 (amyloid beta 1-40/42, Aβ1-40/42) 毒性的最短片段Aβ25-35构建AD小鼠模型[11], 探究并比较了益生菌及DHA与AD治疗药物多奈哌齐对AD小鼠学习认知及脑损伤相关指标的影响, 同时结合肠道菌群对其AD治疗作用机制进行深入探讨, 为其延缓和防治AD提供实验依据。
实验动物  SPF级7~8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠50只, 体重19~22 g, 购买于北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司, 动物许可证号SCXK (京) 2019-0008。动物饲养于温度为18~24 ℃的清洁级动物房, 昼夜交替, 自由饮水饮食, 适应性喂养7天。动物实验经河南中医药大学伦理委员会批准(伦理号为DWLL2018080003)。
药品与试剂  Aβ25-35冻干粉[生工生物工程(上海) 股份有限公司, 货号P14872]; 多奈哌齐(上海源叶生物科技有限公司, 货号B25489); Biostime益生菌(probiotics, YSJ; 合生元健康产品有限公司, 批号320060306); DHA藻油软胶囊(汤臣倍健股份有限公司, 批准文号G20120687); AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD凋亡检测试剂盒(BD Biosciences公司, 货号0020694); 活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 试剂盒(索莱宝生物科技有限公司, 货号CA1410); Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42、磷酸化Tau蛋白(phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau, p-Tau181)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白介素-10 (interleukin-10, IL-10) ELISA试剂盒(江苏酶免生物科技有限公司, 货号分别为MM-0461M1、MM-0220M1、MM-45352M1、MM-0132M1、MM-0040M1、MM-0176M1); AchE试剂盒(货号A024-1-1)、Ach试剂盒(货号A105-1-1)、总超氧化物歧化酶试剂盒(total superoxide dismutase, T-SOD; 货号A001-1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶试剂盒(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px; 货号A005-1)、丙二醛试剂盒(malonaldehyde, MDA; 货号A003-1) 购买于南京建成生物科技有限公司; 流式抗体CD49b (货号553858) 购自美国BD Bioscience公司, CD45 (货号25-0451-82)、CD8a (货号11-0081-82)、CD4 (货号12-0041-82)、CD3e (货号45-0031-82)、CD11c (货号12-0114-81)、CD86 (货号11-0860-82)、CD11b (货号17-0112-82)、Ly-6G (货号11-9668-82)、CD4 (货号11-0041-82)、CD25 (货号12-0251-82) 和Foxp3 (货号17-5773-82) 均购自美国Invitrogen公司; 一抗: 胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP; 货号GB11096)、离子钙结合衔接分子1 (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba1; 货号GB113502) 购买于赛维尔生物科技有限公司。
实验仪器  68044型立体定位仪(中国瑞沃德生命科技有限公司)、FACS AriaTM Ⅲ流式细胞仪(美国BD Bioscience公司)、Centrifuge-5804R小型高速低温冷冻离心机(德国Eppendorf公司)、EasyScan数字切片扫描与应用系统(中国麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司)、YMT-100型Y迷宫实验分析系统、OFT-200旷场实验箱(中国成都泰盟软件有限公司)、Morris水迷宫视频分析系统(北京众实迪创科技发展有限责任公司)。
动物给药与分组  参考之前文献[12]报道, 用无菌双纯水将Aβ25-35冻干粉配制成浓度为1 mmol·L-1母液, 放入37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱避光聚合7天。在进行脑部手术前, 使用生理盐水将造模药Aβ25-35母液稀释为200 μmol·L-1溶液以备使用。按文献报道的方法[12]对40只小鼠进行侧脑室注射Aβ25-35, 假手术组(Sham) 小鼠注射等体积的生理盐水。手术后第二天将40只小鼠随机分为模型组(M)、多奈哌齐组(Don, 10 mg·kg-1)、益生菌组(YSJ, 2.7×109 CFU·d-1)、二十二碳六烯酸组(DHA, 0.104 g·kg-1), 益生菌和DHA剂量按照人和小鼠体表面积折算公式计算所得。之后每天进行灌胃给药, 持续4周, 在动物解剖前一周进行行为学检测。
行为学检测
旷场实验  检测方法如之前报道[12], 使用YMT-100实验分析系统记录5 min内小鼠运动轨迹、运动时间、运动距离等数据。
Y-迷宫交替实验  Y-迷宫交替实验用于评估动物的短期记忆。如之前所述[13], 记录小鼠进入每个手臂的顺序和进入手臂总数(N)。将动物连续进入3个不同的手臂视为一次交替, 最大进臂次数定义为N-2; 计算自发交替率(%) =[交替次数/(N-2)]×100%。
水迷宫实验  水迷宫实验用于评估动物的空间学习和记忆认知能力。实验第一天, 让小鼠自由探索5 min, 并引导其到达平台。之后使用动物行为轨迹视频分析系统V3.0记录第2~6天小鼠到达平台的时间。
尼氏染色观察小鼠海马神经元形态  行为学实验结束后, 迅速在冰上解剖出小鼠脑组织, 将其放入4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定24 h, 之后进行石蜡包埋并制成5 μm石蜡切片, 经尼氏染色后, 在光学显微镜下观察海马神经元形态, 并采集图像。使用Image Pro Plus软件(Media Cybernetics, USA) 对海马神经细胞数量进行量化。
免疫荧光检测小鼠脑组织中GFAP和Iba1蛋白的表达  5 μm的脑切片, 经过脱蜡、水化、抗原修复等操作后, 加入一抗GFAP、Iba1, 在4 ℃下孵育过夜, 洗涤后与二抗一起孵育60 min。洗涤后, 苏木精复染2 min, 洗涤脱水至透明, 封片后采用荧光显微镜观察脑切片, 选择海马与皮质图像用ImageJ软件(National Institutes of Health, USA) 对图像的平均荧光强度进行统计分析。
流式细胞术检测小鼠脑原代细胞凋亡、ROS及免疫细胞水平  取小鼠海马并加入适量PBS制成混悬液, 将混悬液倒入小滤网中, 用PBS冲洗7~8次, 将滤液收集至15 mL EP管中, 离心5 min (1 200 r·min-1) 弃上清, 得到海马原代细胞。将得到的海马原代细胞均分为2份, 分别按照ROS及AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD凋亡检测试剂盒说明书进行染色并上机检测。
同样的方法获取脑原代细胞, 分为4份, 其中辅助细胞(Th) 和细胞毒性细胞(Tc) 使用抗体CD45、CD8a、CD4和CD3e进行染色; 调节性T细胞(Treg) 使用CD45、CD4、CD25和Foxp3抗体染色; 自然杀伤细胞(NK) 使用CD45、CD3e和CD49b抗体染色; 髓源性抑制细胞(MDSCs) 使用CD45、CD11b和Ly-6G抗体染色, 之后上机检测。
ELISA法检测小鼠脑组织中Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42、p-Tau及炎症因子水平  剖出小鼠海马, 根据所取组织重量, 加入PBS (1 g组织样品加入9 mL PBS) 制成10%匀浆。之后按照ELISA试剂盒说明书检测小鼠海马中特征性病理指标Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42、p-Tau181水平。取小鼠脑组织按1∶9的重量体积比加入PBS制成10%脑组织匀浆。之后按照ELISA试剂盒说明书检测小鼠脑组织中炎症因子IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α水平。
生化试剂盒检测小鼠脑组织中AchE、Ach、GSH-Px、T-SOD及MDA水平  使用10%脑组织匀浆, 按照生化试剂盒说明书分别检测小鼠脑组织中AchE、Ach、GSH-Px、T-SOD及MDA水平。
16S rDNA检测小鼠肠道菌群  对小鼠粪便样本进行基因组DNA抽提后, 利用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测抽提基因组DNA, 并按指定测序区域, 合成带有barcode的特异引物, 进行PCR扩增。之后使用2%琼脂糖电泳检测, 参照电泳初步定量结果, 将PCR产物用QuantiFluorTM-ST蓝色荧光定量系统进行检测定量。最后构建PacBio文库进行PacBio测序, 并对得到的数据进行生物信息分析。测序由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成。
统计学分析  实验数据经SPSS 26.0统计软件处理, 以平均值±标准差(x ± s) 表示, 并采用单因素ANOVA检验进行组间差异的比较, P < 0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
旷场和Y迷宫结果(图 1A~E) 显示, 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠运动距离、运动时间、自主交替率显著降低(P < 0.01); 与模型组小鼠相比, 多奈哌齐及益生菌组小鼠运动距离、运动时间、自主交替率显著增加(P < 0.01), 而DHA仅在运动时间方面表现出显著性差异。水迷宫结果(图 1FG) 显示, 从第4天开始各组小鼠逃避潜伏期逐渐缩短, 第5天时, 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠逃避潜伏期表现出显著差异(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, 多奈哌齐与益生菌组小鼠逃避潜伏期显著降低, 而DHA组小鼠在第6天才表现出差异。综合以上结果表明, 多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA可不同程度改善Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠的认知障碍并增强学习记忆能力, 其中多奈哌齐和益生菌效果较DHA显著。
观察小鼠脑组织病理切片(图 2AB) 发现: 假手术组小鼠海马区细胞形态均匀且排列整齐, 细胞核大而明显; 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠海马区尼氏小体数量显著减少(P < 0.05), 细胞发生明显固缩。与模型组相比, 各给药组小鼠海马区细胞核固缩现象有所减轻并且尼氏小体数量也有所增加(P < 0.05)。小鼠海马中AD特征性病理指标结果(图 2C~E) 显示, 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠海马中Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42及p-Tau181含量均显著增加(P < 0.01); 与模型组小鼠相比, 多奈哌齐组、益生菌组小鼠海马中Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42和p-Tau181水平显著降低, DHA可显著减少小鼠海马中Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42含量(P < 0.01), 但对p-Tau181水平无显著影响。此外, 检测小鼠脑组织中AchE和Ach水平发现, 多奈哌齐可减少AchE并增加Ach水平, 而益生菌仅降低了AchE水平, DHA并未表现出改善作用。以上结果说明多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA可显著减轻Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠脑组织病理损伤, 三者在改善脑组织病理损伤方面效果相当, 其中多奈哌齐的改善作用可能与降低AchE并增加Ach有关。
图 3A~D所示, 与假手术组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠脑原代细胞凋亡数量及ROS水平显著增加(P < 0.01); 与模型组相比, 在给予药物干预后, 各组小鼠脑原代细胞凋亡数量及ROS水平明显下降(P < 0.01)。同时, 检测小鼠脑组织中氧化应激相关指标(图 3E~G) 发现, 与假手术组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠脑组织中MDA水平显著升高(P < 0.05), 而GSH-Px和T-SOD水平显著降低(P < 0.05); 与模型组小鼠相比, 多奈哌齐、益生菌显著增加了小鼠脑组织中GSH-Px及T-SOD的表达并降低MDA水平(P < 0.01或P < 0.05), 而DHA仅显著减少小鼠脑组织中MDA水平(P < 0.01)。以上结果说明, 多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA均可降低脑细胞凋亡水平, 但在改善氧化应激方面, DHA效果较多奈哌齐和益生菌差。
脑组织中免疫细胞检测结果(图 4) 显示, 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠脑组织中Treg、MDSC细胞显著增加, 而Th、Tc和NK细胞显著减少(P < 0.01); 与模型组相比, 多奈哌齐、益生菌及DHA组小鼠Th、Tc和NK细胞显著增加(P < 0.01或P < 0.05), MDSC细胞显著减少(P < 0.01或P < 0.05), Treg细胞无显著变化。
从量化结果(图 5A~F) 可以看出, 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠海马区和皮质区星形胶质细胞活化标志物GFAP和小胶质细胞活化标志物Iba1表达显著增加(P < 0.01); 与模型组小鼠相比, 给药组小鼠GFAP和Iba1蛋白表达均显著降低(P < 0.01)。胶质细胞活化与炎症密切相关, 检测小鼠脑组织中炎症因子水平(图 5G~I) 发现, 与假手术组相比, 模型组小鼠脑组织中IL-1β、TNF-α水平显著增加(P < 0.01), 抗炎因子IL-10水平显著降低(P < 0.01); 与模型组小鼠相比, 给药后可逆转上述现象。由此可见, 三者在改善神经炎症方面效果相当。
综合以上结果发现, 多奈哌齐及益生菌对AD改善效果优于DHA, 因此在后续实验中使用16S rDNA测序进一步探究多奈哌齐和益生菌对AD的作用机制。肠道菌群主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 显示各组小鼠肠道菌群分别聚为一类, 分离明显(图 6A)。且属水平丰度前20菌群中, g_Muribaculumg_unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceaeg_unclassified_f_Muribaculaceaexg_Dubosiella等相对丰度发生了显著变化(图 6B)。同时使用LEfSe多级物种差异判别分析, 与模型组相比, 以LDA得分大于3筛选出属水平上多奈哌齐组4个差异菌, 分别为g_unclassified_o_Bacteroidalesg_Limosilactobacillusg_Odoribacterg_Staphylococcus (图 7A), 益生菌组有5个差异菌属, 分别为g_unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceaeg_unclassified_o_Eubacterialesg_Desulfovibriog_Lacrimisporag_Neglectibacter (图 7B)。以上结果说明, 多奈哌齐和益生菌均可调节Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠肠道菌群组成, 改善菌群失衡。
为进一步明确差异菌与AD之间的关系, 本研究分别对多奈哌齐及益生菌组小鼠肠道差异菌和AD相关性病理及生化指标进行了关联分析。图 8结果显示与模型组相比, 多奈哌齐组差异菌g_unclassified_o_Bacteroidalesg_Limosilactobacillusg_Odoribacterg_Staphylococcus显著增加(P < 0.05), 并且这些菌与学习认知、海马神经元数量及Ach存在正相关, 而与AchE、胶质细胞、促炎因子IL-1β、TNF-α及病理指标Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42、p-Tau存在负相关, 提示这些菌群在多奈哌齐治疗AD中发挥着关键作用, 与抑制AchE活性, 增强学习记忆, 减轻神经炎症密切相关。益生菌组差异菌与病理及生化指标关联结果(图 9) 显示, 与模型组相比, 益生菌组g_unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceaeg_unclassified_o_Eubacterialesg_Desulfovibriog_Lacrimisporag_Neglectibacter丰度显著增加(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), 并且这些菌与学习认知、海马神经元数量存在正相关, 与胶质细胞、促炎因子IL-1β、TNF-α及病理指标Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42、p-Tau存在负相关, 而g_unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceaeg_Lacrimispora与AchE并未表现出负相关, 以上结果提示益生菌对AD的治疗可能不完全通过抑制AchE, 这些差异菌可能是益生菌改善认知障碍, 减轻神经炎症的关键。
AD作为最常见的痴呆类型, 在其发生发展过程中会出现焦虑、情感淡漠、认知能力受损及语言障碍等症状[14]。在AD动物模型中情感及认知相关指标主要是通过神经行为学的改变进行判定, 目前多采用水迷宫、Y-型迷宫、旷场、新物体辨别实验等方法来客观评估动物认知、学习记忆等的改变[15]。本研究通过旷场、Y-型迷宫及水迷宫等多种行为学测试较全面地评价了多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA对Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠的自主活动、认知及学习记忆的影响, 发现多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA可不同程度改善Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠的认知障碍并增强学习记忆能力, 其中多奈哌齐和益生菌效果优于DHA。
在AD中, 除了行为及学习记忆的改变, 还会出现β淀粉样蛋白沉积和Tau蛋白异常磷酸化[16], 促进细胞外Aβ斑块及细胞内神经纤维缠结的形成。Aβ可由APP经淀粉样蛋白途径和非淀粉样蛋白途径剪切得到, 前者主要由α分泌酶和γ分泌酶介导, 通过剪切得到可溶的Aβ; 后者经βγ分泌酶共同剪切得到具有沉积性的Aβ[17]。在病理条件下, β分泌酶活性增强, 促进APP的淀粉样蛋白途径[18], 产生具有沉积能力的Aβ。Aβ1-40和Aβ1-42是APP经过淀粉样途径生成的两种主要Aβ产物, 其中Aβ1-40含量较高, 人体内约90%为Aβ1-40; Aβ1-42疏水性强且更易发生聚集, 是形成老年斑的关键[19]。本研究检测脑组织中Aβ水平发现, Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠脑组织中Aβ1-40和Aβ1-42水平显著增加, 给予药物干预后显著回调。有研究指出, Aβ过量聚集会加快蛋白激酶作用于Tau蛋白, 导致Tau蛋白过度磷酸化[20], 促进大脑中神经元纤维变性并触发氧化应激作用以至神经元凋亡[21]。本研究同时对脑组织中p-Tau181、氧化应激相关指标(ROS、GSH-Px、T-SOD、MDA) 及细胞凋亡水平进行检测, 发现多奈哌齐、益生菌可显著改善Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠脑组织中p-Tau及氧化应激水平, 降低神经细胞凋亡率, 而DHA效果较弱。
此外, 胶质细胞活化引发的神经炎症也是加重AD的重要因素[22]。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的常驻免疫细胞, 可参与机体免疫应答、炎症反应等。在AD早期, 小胶质细胞会在抗炎因子、转化生长因子等的刺激下向抗炎表型极化, 增强对Aβ的吞噬, 并通过分泌IL-4、IL-10等抗炎因子抑制炎症损害, 发挥抗炎和神经保护作用; 当AD进展到一定阶段时, 小胶质细胞向促炎表型极化, 释放出TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及活性氧等, 加重炎症作用, 对神经造成毒害[23, 24], 而受损的神经元可能会进一步引发周围小胶质细胞激活并释放多种神经毒性因子, 形成神经毒性的恶性循环[25]。星形胶质细胞作为大脑中最丰富的神经胶质细胞类型, 在脑内具有双重作用, 其可向神经元提供营养物质, 调节突触可塑性, 并维持细胞外离子平衡等[26]; 但星形胶质细胞被过度激活会释放活化的氧自由基和炎症因子, 加重神经炎症。本研究通过免疫荧光观察并量化了星形胶质细胞活化标志物GFAP和小胶质细胞活化标志物Iba1水平, 发现多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA可减少Aβ25-35诱导AD小鼠脑组织中小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活化数量, 同时降低了促炎因子IL-1β、TNF-α水平, 升高抗炎因子IL-10水平, 从而改善神经炎症。
大脑中除小胶质细胞外, 其他免疫细胞也参与AD的发生发展。MDSCs与Tregs均具有抑制免疫细胞应答的能力, Tamberi[27]和Torres[28]等的研究指出, 在AD患者和Aβ驱动的AD小鼠模型中, MDSCs和Tregs细胞的浸润显著增加, 抑制MDSCs和Tregs可以有效破坏免疫耐受并改善脑Aβ负荷和AD病理学[29]。先前的研究表明NKs和Th、Tc细胞可阻止AD发生[30], NK细胞参与监测衰老细胞免疫, 不仅可减少自体活性T细胞产生的炎症, 还能清除受损的神经元, 对于调节和抑制脑组织中的炎症和异常蛋白积累至关重要[31]。本研究结果显示, 多奈哌齐、益生菌和DHA可显著增加Th、Tc和NK细胞数量, 减少MDSC细胞数量, 来调节免疫进而改善AD。
近年来, 肠道菌群对大脑功能以及其对中枢神经系统的影响引起了研究学者的广泛关注。肠道菌群作为人体中最大的微生物群体, 在维持肠道屏障完整性、调节免疫系统、抑制病原体生长等方面发挥着重要作用[32]。肠道菌群还可参与寡糖利用、脂肪酸合成等, 并调节多种与大脑发育密切相关的营养因子和蛋白质, 在大脑的发育过程中起着很重要的作用[33]。研究表明, 抑郁症、AD、帕金森病等神经系统性疾病的发生通常伴随着肠道菌群的失调[34]。本研究结果显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠粪便中与肠道屏障完整性相关的有益菌g_Muribaculumg_Ligilactobacillusg_unclassified_f_Muribaculaceae丰度显著降低, 而与炎症密切相关的菌g_unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceaeg_Dubosiellag_Eisenbergiella显著增加, 多奈哌齐和益生菌可使这些菌群回调, 该结果说明多奈哌齐和益生菌均可逆转菌群失衡, 通过维持菌群稳态来减轻其引起的炎症反应。此外, 相关性结果指出g_unclassified_o_Bacteroidalesg_Limosilactobacillusg_Odoribacterg_Staphylococcus可能是多奈哌齐发挥AD治疗作用的关键菌, 其作用与抑制AchE活性密切相关; g_unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceaeg_unclassified_o_Eubacterialesg_Desulfovibriog_Lacrimisporag_Neglectibacter与抑制神经炎症改善脑损伤密切相关, 可能在益生菌治疗AD中发挥着重要作用。
虽然DHA为大脑的重要组成部分, 但大脑无法从前体α-亚麻酸合成足够量的DHA[35], 为了维持大脑中的DHA水平, 大脑会借助运输载体如促进因子超家族结构域蛋白2a (MFSD2A) 和脂肪酸结合蛋白5 (FABP5) 从血浆中通过血脑屏障获取DHA, 而血浆DHA是直接从饮食摄入中获得的[36]。有研究指出DHA以300 mg·kg-1剂量灌胃可改善β淀粉样蛋白沉积致AD小鼠模型的记忆功能[10], 由此可见适量补充DHA对大脑存在保护作用。除DHA外, 本课题组查阅文献发现, 补充益生菌不仅可以保护肠道完整性, 还能通过促进紧密连接蛋白Claudin-5和ZO-1的表达促进肠黏膜和血脑屏障功能[37], 此外, 补充益生菌还能支持脑源性神经营养因子的合成, 增强神经元的存活和分化[38]。每天给予SAMP8小鼠剂量为2×109 CFU的益生菌制剂(乳酸芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的混合物) 可改善记忆缺陷[39]; Liu等[40]的研究也指出每天给予小鼠109 CFU益生菌溶液可调节小鼠肠道菌群, 改善帕金森病伴抑郁症状。本研究通过人和小鼠体表面积折算公式得到益生菌和DHA的给药剂量分别为2.7×109 CFU·d-1和0.104 g·kg-1, 在该剂量下并不会引起中枢毒性, 且结果显示其具有脑保护作用。但对于其是否会在外周积累, 尚存在欠缺, 后续本课题组也会关注其外周积累及外周浓度, 并进行相关实验。
综上所述, 多奈哌齐、益生菌及DHA通过调节免疫细胞、减少脑内细胞凋亡和胶质细胞活化数量, 降低氧化应激及炎症因子表达水平来改善Aβ25-35诱导小鼠的认知功能障碍和脑损伤。并且多奈哌齐及益生菌对AD小鼠脑损伤的改善效果优于DHA, 且其机制可能与调节AD小鼠肠内菌群稳态有关。益生菌有望成为防治AD的药物, 为临床治疗AD提供新思路。
作者贡献: 郝凤霄负责完成动物实验、采集数据、分析数据、撰写文章及修改文稿; 梁喜文、叶凯利负责动物实验行为学的采集与分析; 焦新棉负责相关病理及生化指标的检测; 曾梦楠、曹兵、冯卫生、郑晓珂负责指导实验方案以及文章的审阅和修改。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化研究(2019YFC1708802)
  • 国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化研究(2017YFC1702800)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(32200322)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Islam MA, et al. Amyloid-β and phosphorylated Tau are the key biomarkers and predictors of Alzheimer's disease [J]. Aging Dis, 2024. DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.0286.
[2]
Hu X, Wang Q, Zhang CX, et al. Progress in microglia-astrocyte interactions and their mediation of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Comp Med (中国比较医学杂志), 2023, 33: 142-149.
[3]
Peng Y, Li PP, Li L, et al. Progress of clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease drugs [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2016, 51: 1185-1195.
[4]
Chen JZ, Huang X, Zhu LL, et al. New progresses in the mechanism of natural medicine on Alzheimer's disease [J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med (中药药理与临床), 2018, 34: 194-200.
[5]
Wang RX, Huang R, Zhao J. Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of GalR2 and AchE in piriform cortex of AD rats [J]. J Wannan Med Coll (皖南医学院学报), 2023, 42: 9-13.
[6]
Wu Q. Improvement of intellectual status, cognitive function and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil [J]. Chin Pract J Rural Doc (中国实用乡村医生杂志), 2024, 31: 35-38.
[7]
Li ZM, Li JJ, Zhuang YY, et al. Effects of probiotics on brain neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats [J]. Shaanxi Med J (陕西医学杂志), 2021, 50: 771-775.
[8]
Li YH, Zheng LL, Huang CQ. Effects of probiotics on Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis [J]. Med J West China (西部医学), 2021, 33: 1637-1641.
[9]
Deng MY, Zhu XH, Huang L, et al. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate learning and memory abilities in APPPS1 mice by regulating microglial activation and polarization [J]. J Army Med Univ (陆军军医大学学报), 2024, 46: 928-939.
[10]
Lu B, Liu Z, Zheng XF, et al. The mechanism of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid DHA on β-amyloid-induced memory impairment in mice [J]. J Apoplexy Nerv Dis (中风与神经疾病杂志), 2020, 37: 108-111.
[11]
Cao B, Zeng MN, Zhang QQ, et al. Amentoflavone ameliorates memory deficits and abnormal autophagy in Aβ25-35-induced mice by mTOR signaling [J]. Neurochem Res, 2021, 46: 921-934.
[12]
Hao FX, Zeng MN, Cao B, et al. Effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ25-35-induced brain injure and neuroinflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2023, 48: 4015-4026.
[13]
Guo P, Zeng M, Wang S, et al. Eriodictyol and homoeriodictyol improve memory impairment in Aβ25-35-induced mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome [J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 2488.
[14]
Liu ZY, Jiang H, He SH, et al. Research progress on mental state and intervention methods of patients with Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Convalescent Med (中国疗养医学), 2024, 33: 45-50.
[15]
Sang C, Liu JQ, Wang GQ, et al. Behavioral assessment methods for rodent cognitive impairment models: current status and prospects [J]. J Apoplexy Nerv Dis (中风与神经疾病杂志), 2024, 41: 395-401.
[16]
Zhang MM, Zhang YM. Research on biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Med (中国医刊), 2021, 56: 8-12.
[17]
Song XJ, Cao J, Yang YC, et al. Effect of processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein and truncated amyloid-β protein on Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chem Life (生命的化学), 2020, 40: 43-50.
[18]
Liu CC, Wang PC, Wang YQ. Regulatory mechanism of β-secretase by protein interactions in Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Biochem Mol Biol (中国生物化学与分子生物学报), 2023, 39: 54-61.
[19]
Yu Z, Wang K, Xu JC, et al. Progress in the study of traditional Chinese medicine against Alzheimer's disease based on the mechanism of Aβ production and aggregation [J]. Chin J Gerontol (中国老年学杂志), 2022, 42: 3858-3862.
[20]
Zhang H, Zheng Y. β amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, prevention, and management [J]. Acta Acad Med Sin (中国医学科学院学报), 2019, 41: 702-708.
[21]
Chen SM, Zhang TT. Research progress on the relationship between cognitive function and oxidative stress indicators in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease [J]. J Public Health Preventive Med (公共卫生与预防医学), 2024, 35: 123-127.
[22]
Leyns CEG, Ulrich JD, Finn MB, et al. TREM2 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation and protects against neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2017, 114: 11524-11529.
[23]
Tang ZY, Dong ZJ, Kan BH. Research progress on the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and its treatment [J]. Chin J Gerontol (中国老年学杂志), 2024, 44: 2277-2280.
[24]
Song ZS. Study on the Mechanism of Pre-moxibustion Regulating the Polarization of AD-like Microglia Induced by Aβ25-35 based on TLR4/NF-κB Signal Pathway (基于TLR4/NF-κB信号通路探讨逆灸调控Aβ25-35诱导AD样大鼠小胶质细胞极化机制) [D]. Hefei: Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 2023.
[25]
Ma XW. Aβ1-42 Induces Aerobic Glycolysis and Promotes Microglial Inflammation through the EphA2/p38 MAPK Pathway (Aβ1-42诱导有氧糖酵解通过EphA2/p38 MAPK通路促进小胶质细胞炎症反应) [D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2023.
[26]
Yang J. The Role and Mechanism of Astrocyte Senescence in the Pathological Process of APP/PS1/Tau Transgenic AD Mice (星型胶质细胞衰老在APP/PS1/Tau转基因AD小鼠病理进程中的作用及机制研究) [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou Medical University, 2023.
[27]
Tamberi L, Belloni A, Pugnaloni A, et al. The influence of myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases [J]. Cells, 2024, 13: 643.
[28]
Torres KC, Araújo Pereira P, Lima GS, et al. Increased frequency of T cells expressing IL-10 in Alzheimer disease but not in late-onset depression patients [J]. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2013, 47: 40-45.
[29]
Yang Y, He Z, Xing Z, et al. Influenza vaccination in early Alzheimer's disease rescues amyloidosis and ameliorates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting regulatory T cells [J]. J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17: 65.
[30]
Liu M, Zeng M, Wang S, et al. Thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine reduce microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury [J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2022, 729: 109377.
[31]
Qi L, Sun BG. The abnormal innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease [J]. Chin J Cell Biol (中国细胞生物学学报), 2024, 46: 533-543.
[32]
Yu ZW. Advances in the study of the correlation between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease [J]. Sci Technol Vision (科技视界), 2023, (19): 42-43.
[33]
Xu MD. The Amelioration and Mechanisms of Yeast-β-Glucans on Alzheimer's Disease (酵母β-葡聚糖对阿尔茨海默病的保护作用及相关机制研究) [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2023.
[34]
Chui ZSW, Chan LML, Zhang EWH, et al. Effects of microbiome-based interventions on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Sci Rep, 2024, 14: 9558.
[35]
Barceló-Coblijn G, Murphy EJ. Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels [J]. Prog Lipid Res, 2009, 48: 355-374.
[36]
Iwao T, Takata F, Matsumoto J, et al. Aging decreases docosahexaenoic acid transport across the blood-brain barrier in C57BL/6J mice [J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18: e0281946.
[37]
Zhang Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Probiotics and microbial metabolites maintain barrier and neuromuscular functions and clean protein aggregation to delay disease progression in TDP43 mutation mice [J]. Gut Microbes, 2024, 16: 2363880.
[38]
Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, et al. Role of probiotics and diet in the management of neurological diseases and mood states: a review [J]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10: 2268.
[39]
Yang X, Yu D, Xue L, et al. Probiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and improve memory deficits in aged SAMP8 mice [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2020, 10: 475-487.
[40]
Liu B, Li BH, Mao WJ, et al. Effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms and intestinal flora in mice with Parkinson's disease and depression [J]. Chin J Coal Ind Med (中国煤炭工业医学杂志), 2022, 25: 449-453.
2024年第59卷第11期
PDF下载
182
79
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634
  • 接收时间:2024-07-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-11-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-07
  • 修回日期:2024-08-13
基金
国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化研究(2019YFC1708802)
国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化研究(2017YFC1702800)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32200322)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
    2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*郑晓珂, Tel: 13623855366, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0634
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏