Article(id=1199783108087218260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0517, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717084800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-31, revisedDate=1725379200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980183860, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1731340800000, pubDateStr=2024-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980183860, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980183860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980183860, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783099115598386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='2897', pageEnd='3178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980181720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225007568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2997, endPage=3005, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783108468899940, articleId=1199783108087218260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel AhR agonists, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cells, including immune and epithelial cells. AhR signaling plays important roles in the immune system in both health and disease states. Tapinarof is a first-in-class small-molecule topical therapeutic AhR modulating agent launched for the treatment of psoriasis. To improve the activity and chemical stability of Tapinarof, a series of 2-phenylchromen-4-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as novel AhR agonists. Compounds 5a, 5c, 5e and 5f potently activated AhR with an EC50 value of 7, 9, 6 and 6 nmol·L-1, respectively, which are 10-14 fold more potent than Tapinarof. Compounds 5a and 5e exhibit comparable inhibitory effects on IFN-γ production as Tapinarof. Furthermore, compounds 5a-5f exhibited favorable photochemical stability compared to Tapinarof. The compounds may eventually serve as lead compounds for the development of new AhR agonists.

, correspAuthors=Jian-min JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-min JIA, Ya-xian CAI, Zi-xing HAN, Jia-jia XU, Kai-ming CAI, Xiao-hui HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783111761428755, articleId=1199783108087218260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=新型AhR激动剂的设计、合成及活性研究, columnId=1199783099958653494, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 蛋白成熟与翻译后修饰的化学干预, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR) 是一种配体激活的转录因子, 它在包括免疫细胞和上皮细胞在内的多种细胞中调节基因表达。AhR信号通路在健康和疾病状态下的免疫系统中均发挥着重要作用。Tapinarof目前是全球首个且唯一被批准用于治疗银屑病的小分子外用治疗性AhR调节剂。为了提高Tapinarof的活性和光化学稳定性, 本研究设计并合成了一系列2-苯基-色烯-4H-酮衍生物, 并评价了该系列化合物作为新型AhR激动剂的潜力。其中, 化合物5a5c5e5f显示出良好的AhR激活作用, 其EC50值分别为7、9、6和6 nmol·L-1, 比Tapinarof高10~14倍。化合物5a5e对干扰素-γ产生的抑制效果与Tapinarof相当。此外, 化合物5a~5f相较于Tapinarof具有更好的光化学稳定性。本研究为后续新型AhR激动剂的开发提供新的分子骨架。

, correspAuthors=贾剑敏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*贾剑敏, Tel: 86-21-60191631, Fax: 86-21-60191661, E-mail:
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A: The compounds affect phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) stimulated PBMC proliferation; B: The inhibitory effects of these compounds on interferon-gamma (IFN-<i>γ</i>) production. 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Compound Structure EC50 /μmol·L-1
Tapinarof 0.086 ± 0.011
5a 0.007 ± 0.001
5b 1.333 ± 0.060
5c 0.009 ± 0.002
5d 0.044 ± 0.007
5e 0.006 ± 0.001
5f 0.006 ± 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1200375558958863156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783108087218260, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The agonist activity of different compounds to AhR. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Structure EC50 /μmol·L-1
Tapinarof 0.086 ± 0.011
5a 0.007 ± 0.001
5b 1.333 ± 0.060
5c 0.009 ± 0.002
5d 0.044 ± 0.007
5e 0.006 ± 0.001
5f 0.006 ± 0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1200375559063720764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199783108087218260, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Tapinarof 5a 5c 5d 5e 5f
IC50/μmol·L-1 7.7 ± 0.57 10.6 ± 0.17 9.8 ± 0.21 14.6 ± 0.09 12.4 ± 0.88 > 30
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Effect of compounds 5a, 5c-5f and Tapinarof against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Tapinarof 5a 5c 5d 5e 5f
IC50/μmol·L-1 7.7 ± 0.57 10.6 ± 0.17 9.8 ± 0.21 14.6 ± 0.09 12.4 ± 0.88 > 30
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新型AhR激动剂的设计、合成及活性研究
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贾剑敏 * , 蔡亚仙 , 韩自省 , 徐佳佳 , 蔡开明 , 胡晓慧
药学学报 | 专题报道: 蛋白成熟与翻译后修饰的化学干预 2024,59(11): 2997-3005
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药学学报 | 专题报道: 蛋白成熟与翻译后修饰的化学干预 2024, 59(11): 2997-3005
新型AhR激动剂的设计、合成及活性研究
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贾剑敏* , 蔡亚仙, 韩自省, 徐佳佳, 蔡开明, 胡晓慧
作者信息
  • 上海泽德曼医药科技有限公司研发部, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*贾剑敏, Tel: 86-21-60191631, Fax: 86-21-60191661, E-mail:
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel AhR agonists
Jian-min JIA* , Ya-xian CAI, Zi-xing HAN, Jia-jia XU, Kai-ming CAI, Xiao-hui HU
Affiliations
  • Research and development department, Thederma Shanghai Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2024-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0517
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芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR) 是一种配体激活的转录因子, 它在包括免疫细胞和上皮细胞在内的多种细胞中调节基因表达。AhR信号通路在健康和疾病状态下的免疫系统中均发挥着重要作用。Tapinarof目前是全球首个且唯一被批准用于治疗银屑病的小分子外用治疗性AhR调节剂。为了提高Tapinarof的活性和光化学稳定性, 本研究设计并合成了一系列2-苯基-色烯-4H-酮衍生物, 并评价了该系列化合物作为新型AhR激动剂的潜力。其中, 化合物5a5c5e5f显示出良好的AhR激活作用, 其EC50值分别为7、9、6和6 nmol·L-1, 比Tapinarof高10~14倍。化合物5a5e对干扰素-γ产生的抑制效果与Tapinarof相当。此外, 化合物5a~5f相较于Tapinarof具有更好的光化学稳定性。本研究为后续新型AhR激动剂的开发提供新的分子骨架。

芳香烃受体  /  激动剂  /  Tapinarof  /  干扰素-γ  /  光化学稳定性

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cells, including immune and epithelial cells. AhR signaling plays important roles in the immune system in both health and disease states. Tapinarof is a first-in-class small-molecule topical therapeutic AhR modulating agent launched for the treatment of psoriasis. To improve the activity and chemical stability of Tapinarof, a series of 2-phenylchromen-4-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as novel AhR agonists. Compounds 5a, 5c, 5e and 5f potently activated AhR with an EC50 value of 7, 9, 6 and 6 nmol·L-1, respectively, which are 10-14 fold more potent than Tapinarof. Compounds 5a and 5e exhibit comparable inhibitory effects on IFN-γ production as Tapinarof. Furthermore, compounds 5a-5f exhibited favorable photochemical stability compared to Tapinarof. The compounds may eventually serve as lead compounds for the development of new AhR agonists.

aryl hydrocarbon receptor  /  agonist  /  Tapinarof  /  IFN-γ  /  photochemical stability
贾剑敏, 蔡亚仙, 韩自省, 徐佳佳, 蔡开明, 胡晓慧. 新型AhR激动剂的设计、合成及活性研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (11) : 2997 -3005 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0517
Jian-min JIA, Ya-xian CAI, Zi-xing HAN, Jia-jia XU, Kai-ming CAI, Xiao-hui HU. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel AhR agonists[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (11) : 2997 -3005 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0517
芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AhR) 是碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(basic helix-loop-helix, bHLH) 转录因子超家族的成员之一, 属于bHLH-PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) 亚家族。与其他bHLH成员不同, 到目前为止, AhR是已知的唯一一个配体激活的bHLH转录因子[1]。传统上, AhR被认为是典型配体2, 3, 7, 8-四氯二苯并二噁英(通常被称为“二噁英”) 产生毒性和致癌作用中的关键因子[2, 3]。由于AhR配体可能具有毒性效应, 并且能够诱导细胞色素P450等酶的产生, AhR曾在相当长的一段时间内被认为不可以作为药物治疗的靶点[4]。然而, 近年来, 有大量研究表明, AhR对免疫系统、肝脏、心血管、血管和生殖等系统正常功能的维持具有重要贡献, 使得AhR逐渐成为热门的研究领域[5]。AhR在不同细胞类型中广泛表达, 包括许多免疫细胞和屏障器官, 如皮肤、肠道和肺[6]等。因此, 对AhR配体的进一步研究能促使人们重新考虑它们潜在的治疗应用。
在没有结合配体时(非活化形式), AhR位于细胞质中的伴侣蛋白复合体内, 该复合体由两个90 kDa的热休克蛋白分子、一个乙型肝炎病毒X相关蛋白2 (也称为AhR相互作用蛋白)、共伴侣蛋白p23及AhR蛋白等组成[7]。当AhR与配体结合时, AhR复合体会发生构象变化, 随后转移到细胞核中。在细胞核内, AhR蛋白从其复合体中释放出来, 然后与芳香烃受体核转运蛋白(aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, ARNT) 形成异二聚体。这个二聚体能与DNA中的外源性反应元件结合, 从而启动下游基因的表达。此外, AhR还可以与其他转录因子相互作用, 从而影响这些结合转录因子调控基因的表达[8-11]。AhR与ARNT的二聚体形成及与其他转录因子的相互作用对于细胞信号传导和基因表达调控至关重要。
目前已有多个AhR小分子配体被报道[12, 13]。根据其来源, 可分为天然配体和合成配体两大类。天然配体是指在生物体内产生的可与AhR结合的配体, 可以是内源性(宿主或微生物群) 或外源性(饮食摄入或微生物群) 配体; 合成配体是指人工合成的AhR配体, 包括各种合成类化合物或分离得到的天然产物[14-18]。部分天然的和由制药公司开发的AhR小分子激动剂[19-21]图 1所示, 其中, Tapinarof是目前第一个也是唯一一个获得FDA批准的AhR激动剂[22, 23]。Tapinarof是从一种土壤线虫的共生细菌代谢产物中分离出来的非激素类小分子化学药, 能够激活AhR信号通路, 用于治疗自身免疫炎症性疾病, 例如银屑病和特应性皮炎等, 其作用机制涉及调节免疫反应和减少皮肤炎症。然而, 作为第一个靶向AhR的小分子药物, Tapinarof仍然存在一些问题, 尤其是光化学稳定性较差[24], 导致其临床应用受限。本研究针对上述问题, 以Tapinarof的结构为基础进行合理优化, 设计、合成得到了一系列新型2-苯基-色烯-4H-酮衍生物, 其显示出更好的AhR激动活性及良好的光化学稳定性。
首先, 为了提高二苯乙烯结构的光化学稳定性, 通过环化Tapinarof的烯键, 得到了一系列2-苯基-色烯- 4H-酮母核的衍生物(图 2A); 其次, 为了增强化合物与AhR受体之间的π-π相互作用[25] (图 2BC), 通过用氟取代芳香环上的氢原子来改变化合物的电子云分布, 从而设计并合成了化合物5a~5f
化合物5a~5f的合成见合成路线1。将取代苯乙酮1与取代苯甲醛2在碱性条件下进行羟醛缩合反应, 得到关键中间体3a~3f。进而通过在高温条件下进行由碘催化的环化反应得到化合物4a~4f。最后使用BBr34a~4f进行去甲基化反应得到目标化合物5a~5f
通过HepG2-Lucia AhR报告基因实验评价目标化合物对AhR的激动活性。HepG2-Lucia AhR细胞是从人源HepG2肝癌细胞改造而来, 通过监测Cyp1a1诱导的Lucia荧光素酶活性显示AhR的激活状态, 使用Tapinarof作为阳性对照。结果如表 1所示, 当Tapinarof的烯键被环化时, 化合物5b的活性显著降低, EC50为1 333 nmol·L-1。推测是由于烯键的环化改变了苯环的电子云分布, 从而削弱了化合物与AhR之间的π-π相互作用。为了证实这一假设, 通过引入不同的取代基来改变化合物的电子云分布。当在芳香环上引入氟取代基时, 化合物的激动活性显著增强, 其中化合物5c5e5f (EC50 < 10 nmol·L-1) 的活性较阳性对照药Tapinarof (EC50 = 86 nmol·L-1) 高出10~14倍, 表明通过引入氟原子可以加强这些化合物与AhR之间的π-π相互作用。有趣的是, 去除羟基(5a) 和引入氟原子(5c5e5f) 都可以增加化合物的AhR活性, 这可能是由于去除羟基和引入氟原子对芳香环电子云分布的影响相似所致。
患有银屑病或特应性皮炎等皮肤疾病的患者, 与正常人相比, 他们的皮肤中活化的T细胞数量显著增高。这些T细胞释放炎症因子, 包括细胞因子γ-干扰素(interferon-gamma, IFN-γ), 促进角质形成细胞的激活、过度增殖和分化改变, 导致炎症性皮肤疾病的形成。为了评估新化合物5a、5c~5f是否能影响体外T细胞活性, 在有/无药物存在的情况下培养人外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC), 并加入活化刺激物菜豆素凝集素(phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, PHA-L), 以Tapinarof作为阳性对照, 测定化合物5a5c~5f对T细胞活力和细胞因子IFN-γ的影响。除5f外, 所测试的化合物均能够剂量依赖地抑制PHA-L刺激的PBMC增殖, IC50表 2所示。在最高浓度(30 μmol·L-1) 时, 5a5c5d和Tapinarof都显示出了一定的细胞毒性(对细胞增殖的抑制作用强于DMSO组), 而化合物5e未显示出细胞毒性(图 3A)。同时, 除了5f外, 受试化合物都能以剂量依赖方式抑制IFN-γ的产生(图 3B), 15 μmol·L-1时抑制率超过80%, 与阳性对照Tapinarof相当。
Hu等[24]研究显示, Tapinarof的光稳定性较差。为了验证Tapinarof双键环化后的化合物5a~5f可以提高化合物的光稳定性, 利用紫外线(ultraviolet, UV) 照度(12.08×100 μW·cm-2) 照射, 在照射后的不同时间点(0~72 h), 通过高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 分析了化合物的纯度, 以评估其光稳定性。结果如图 4所示, 与Tapinarof相比, 化合物5a~5f表现出优异的光稳定性(72 h内纯度均维持在100%)。这表明Tapinarof双键的环化可以显著提高化合物的光稳定性, 从而验证了作者的假设, 即Tapinarof的光不稳定性源于其二苯乙烯的化学结构。
为了增加AhR激动剂药物Tapinarof的光稳定性, 同时进一步增强活性, 本研究以Tapinarof结构为基础, 通过环化二苯乙烯双键, 设计、合成了6个新型2-苯基-色烯-4H-酮类化合物。其中大部分的化合物显示出了良好的激动活性, 较Tapinarof提高10~14倍。进一步的研究表明, 化合物能够抑制PHA-L刺激的PBMC细胞增殖, 并能够降低细胞因子IFN-γ的含量, 表明其具有改善皮肤病患者炎症因子水平的潜在作用。值得注意的是, 目标化合物在紫外线照射实验中, 显示出了优秀的光化学稳定性, 0~72 h内, 其降解率大大低于Tapinarof, 为发现具有稳定化学性质的AhR激动剂提供了基础。
本文化合物的1H NMR及13C NMR使用Bruker AVANCE 400MHz型核磁共振波谱仪测定; HR-MS-ESI使用超高分辨Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF质谱仪测定; 高效液相制备使用Shimadzu LC-20AP制备型色谱仪; 高效液相色谱仪使用Agilent LC-1260型色谱仪; 所有试剂均为市售分析纯或色谱级, 除特别说明外, 一般不经纯化处理直接使用。HepG2-Lucia AhR Reporter细胞株购于InvivoGen公司, PBMC细胞购于上海儒百生物科技有限公司, EMEM培养基购于ATCC, RPMI 1640培养基、10X NEAA、青霉素-链霉素和胎牛血清均购于Gibco公司, PHA购于Roche公司, 6-甲酰基吲哚并[3, 2-b]咔唑[6-formylindolo(3, 2-b)carbazole, FICZ] 购于MCE公司, QUANTI-LucTM检测试剂购于InvivoGen公司, CellTiter-Glo®发光法细胞活力检测试剂购于Promega公司, IFN-γ ELISA试剂盒购于BD公司。
将4-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(10 g, 40.8 mmol) 溶于四氢呋喃(100 mL) 中, 氮气保护下, 降温至-78 ℃, 滴加甲基溴化镁(89.7 mL, 89.7 mmol), 升温至25 ℃后, 继续反应1 h。降温至0 ℃下, 加入饱和氯化铵(500 mL), 反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取2次, 每次300 mL, 有机相用饱和氯化钠(100 mL) 洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 得到无色油状产物10.0 g, 产率为99%。
将2-(4-溴-2-甲氧基苯基)丙-2-醇(12.0 g, 48.9 mmol) 溶于二氯甲烷(100 mL) 中, 氮气保护下, 降温-78 ℃, 滴加三甲基硅烷(25 g, 215.0 mmol) 和三氟乙酸(38.5 g, 337.6 mmol)。升温至25 ℃后, 继续反应12 h。降温至0 ℃下, 加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200 mL), 反应液用二氯甲烷萃取2次, 每次60 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠(40 mL) 洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 10∶1] 分离得到无色油状产物10.0 g, 产率为89%。
将4-溴- 1-异丙基-2-甲氧基苯(3 g, 13.09 mmol) 溶于四氢呋喃中, 氮气保护下, 降温-78 ℃, 滴加正丁基锂(6.29 mL, 15.73 mmol)。滴加完毕, 在-78 ℃继续反应1 h。在-78 ℃下, 滴加DMF (4.79 g, 65.47 mmol)。升温至25 ℃, 继续反应1 h。反应毕, 降温至0 ℃下, 加入饱和氯化铵(100 mL), 反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 每次100 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤2次, 每次100 mL, 有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 1∶0~10∶1] 分离得到无色油状产物1.8 g, 产率为77.1%。
将3, 5-二甲氧基-4-异丙基苯基甲醇(0.5 g, 2.38 mmol) 和戴斯-马丁试剂(2.02 g, 4.76 mmol) 加入到二氯甲烷(20 mL), 在20~25 ℃下, 继续反应12 h。反应结束后, 向反应体系中加入饱和碳酸钠溶液(60 mL), 反应液用二氯甲烷(80 mL) 萃取1次, 有机相用饱和碳酸钠(60 mL) 洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 得到红色产物0.4 g, 产率为82.79%。
将3, 5-二甲氧基-4-异丙基苯基甲醇(25 g, 118.9 mmol) 溶于乙腈(250 mL) 中, 氮气保护下, 降温0 ℃, 加入选择性氟(42.12 g, 118.9 mmol)。在10 ℃下, 继续反应5 h。向反应液加入水(250 mL), 用乙酸乙酯萃取2次, 每次100 mL。有机相分别用饱和碳酸氢钠(100 mL) 和饱和氯化钠(100 mL) 各洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 30∶1~5∶1] 分离得到黄色油状产物16.0 g, 产率为50.70%。
将(2-氟-4-异丙基-3, 5-二甲氧基苯基)甲醇(15 g, 65.71 mmol) 和戴斯-马丁试剂(30.66 g, 72.29 mmol) 加入到二氯甲烷(300 mL), 在20~25 ℃下, 继续反应16 h。反应结束后, 分别用饱和碳酸钠溶液(200 mL), 饱和食盐水(100 mL) 萃洗。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 100∶1~20∶1] 分离得到白色固体产物11.5 g, 产率为77.35%。
将1, 2-二氟-4-甲氧基苯(15.0 g, 104 mmol) 溶于四氢呋喃(100 mL) 中。氮气保护下, 降温-78 ℃, 滴加正丁基锂(45.8 mL, 114.5 mmol)。在-78 ℃下, 继续反应0.5 h。在-60 ℃下, 滴加N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺(12.9 g, 124.9 mmol)。在-78 ℃下, 继续反应2 h。升温至0 ℃, 加入饱和氯化铵(1 000 mL) 淬灭反应, 反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 每次100 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤2次, 每次100 mL, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 30∶1~10∶1] 分离得到无色油状产物6.0 g, 产率为31.0%。
将1-(2, 3-二氟-6-甲氧基苯基)乙烷-1-酮(4.50 g, 24.2 mmol) 溶于四氢呋喃(100 mL) 中。氮气保护下, 降温-78 ℃, 滴加甲基溴化镁(29 mL, 29 mmol)。在25 ℃下, 继续反应1 h。降温至0 ℃, 加入饱和氯化铵(500 mL) 淬灭反应, 反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 每次100 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤2次, 每次50 mL, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 30∶1~10∶1] 分离得到黄色油状产物4.5 g, 产率为92.1%。
参照4-溴-1-异丙基-2-甲氧基苯的合成方法, 得到黄色油状物。
将1, 2-二氟-3-异丙基-4-甲氧基苯(0.50 g, 2.69 mmol) 溶于四氢呋喃(20 mL) 中。氮气保护下, 降温-78 ℃, 滴加正丁基锂(1.29 mL, 3.23 mmol)。在-78 ℃下, 继续反应0.5 h。在-60 ℃下, 滴加DMF (0.62 mL, 8.06 mmol)。在-78 ℃下, 继续反应2 h。升温至0 ℃, 加入饱和氯化铵(50 mL) 淬灭反应, 反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 每次50 mL。无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 30∶1~10∶1] 分离得到黄色油状产物0.2 g, 产率为34.8%。
将4-异丙基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(500 mg, 2.8 mmol) 和1-(2-羟基苯基)乙烷-1-酮(381.9 mg, 2.8 mmol) 溶于无水乙醇(5 mL) 中。在25 ℃下, 加入氢氧化钾(393.5 mg, 7.0 mmol)。在25 ℃下, 继续反应6 h。反应液减压浓缩, 加入水(10 mL), 用二氯甲烷萃取2次, 每次20 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠(20 mL) 洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 1∶0~20∶1] 分离得到黄色油状产物700 mg, 产率为84%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 12.61 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 7.59~7.54 (m, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.43~7.39 (m, 1H), 7.30~7.27 (m, 1H), 7.03~6.99 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.31~3.23 (m, 1H), 1.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H)。
采用化合物3a类似合成步骤合成目标化合物3b~3f
将(E)-1-(2-羟基苯基)-3-(4-异丙基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(600 mg, 2.0 mmol) 溶于DMSO (6 mL) 中。在140 ℃下, 继续反应1 h。降温至0 ℃, 加入10%的硫代硫酸钠(100 mL)。反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取2次, 每次50 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠(100 mL) 洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 硅胶柱色谱[石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(v/v) = 20∶1~5∶1] 分离得到黄色固体500 mg, 产率为83%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 8.06 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.86~7.78 (m, 2H), 7.68~7.64 (m, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55~7.47 (m, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.32~3.26 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H)。
采用化合物4a类似合成步骤合成目标化合物4b~4f
将2-(4-异丙基-3-甲氧基苯基)-4H-色烯-4-酮(0.5 g, 1.7 mmol) 溶于二氯甲烷(5 mL)。在0 ℃下, 滴加三溴化硼(851.1 mg, 3.4 mmol)。在25 ℃下, 继续反应0.5 h。降温至0 ℃, 饱和碳酸氢钠(20 mL) 淬灭反应, 调节pH至7~8, 用二氯甲烷萃取2次, 每次40 mL。有机相用饱和氯化钠(20 mL) 洗涤1次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 减压浓缩滤液, 制备液相(色谱柱: Phenomenex luna C18 150 mm × 40 mm × 15 μm; 流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液, 流动相B为乙腈; 洗脱梯度: 0~11 min, 55%→25%A) 分离得到白色固体285.8 mg, 产率为59%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 9.83 (s, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88~7.81 (m, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55~7.48 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.31~3.23 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 177.41, 163.51, 156.10, 155.34, 139.30, 134.78, 129.82, 127.25, 125.96, 125.30, 123.84, 118.80, 118.05, 112.68, 106.77, 27.01, 22.63; HR-MS-ESI (m/z) calcd. for C18H16O3 [M+H]+, 281.117 8; found, 281.118 0。
采用5a类似合成方法。得到灰色固体292.57 mg, 产率为84%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 9.56 (s, 2H), 8.05 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85~7.80 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54~7.50 (m, 1H), 6.90 (s, 2H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 3.54~3.46 (m, 1H), 1.27 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 177.29, 163.83, 157.29, 156.07, 134.86, 129.34, 125.99, 125.35, 124.84, 123.84, 118.68, 106.49, 105.14, 24.34, 20.66; HR-MS-ESI (m/z) calcd. for C18H16O4 [M+H]+, 297.112 7; found, 297.113 1。
采用5a类似合成方法。得到粉红色固体307.8 mg, 产率为63%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 9.81 (s, 1H), 7.85~7.79 (m, 1H), 7.77~7.68 (m, 2H), 7.51 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 3.29~3.22 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 176.74, 163.85, 160.68, 158.26, 155.34, 152.53, 139.50, 129.61, 127.26, 125.07, 122.88, 121.64, 118.15, 112.74, 110.08, 106.09, 27.02, 22.62; HR-MS-ESI (m/z) calcd. for C18H15FO3 [M+H]+, 299.108 3; found, 299.108 4。
采用5a类似合成方法。得到类白色固体157.0 mg, 产率为24%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 9.87~9.78 (m, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J = 8.8 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42~7.36 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.28~3.23 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 176.59, 166.74, 164.24, 163.91, 157.23, 155.33, 139.50, 129.54, 128.19, 127.26, 121.01, 118.10, 114.63, 112.72, 106.83, 105.80, 27.01, 22.64; HR-MS-ESI (m/z) calcd. for C18H15FO3 [M+H]+, 299.108 3; found, 299.107 6。
采用5a类似合成方法。得到黄色固体37.8 mg, 产率为17%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 9.62 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 9.56 (s, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86~7.83 (m, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56~7.49 (m, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 3.57~3.45 (m, 1H), 1.28 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 177.29, 159.71, 156.24, 152.33, 144.58, 144.43, 135.04, 127.54, 126.13, 125.36, 123.64, 118.73, 111.35, 111.24, 104.62, 24.99, 20.48; HR-MS-ESI (m/z) calcd. for C18H15FO4 [M+H]+, 315.103 3; found, 315.102 6。
采用5a类似合成方法。得到黄色固体93.1 mg, 产率为43%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 10.28 (s, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88~7.84 (m, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.58~7.50 (m, 1H), 7.19~7.14 (m, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 3.48~3.39 (m, 1H), 1.31 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 177.20, 158.25, 156.18, 152.10, 151.40, 148.99, 143.73, 141.28, 135.15, 127.27, 126.25, 125.37, 123.61, 118.77, 118.39, 111.95, 109.16, 25.10, 20.94; HR-MS-ESI (m/z) calcd. for C18H14F2O3 [M+H]+, 317.098 9; found, 317.098 4。
用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂; 以水为流动相A, 乙腈为流动相B, 梯度洗脱; 洗脱梯度: 0 min, 60% A→20~30 min, 10% A→32~40 min, 60% A; 流速为1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温为35 ℃; 检测波长为220 nm; 进样体积10 μL。
以FICZ作为阳性对照药, 采用QUANTI-LucTM检测试剂盒测定化合物的AhR活性。用含10%血清的EMEM培养基将细胞调整至1.1×105 mL-1, 接种于96孔板, 每孔180 µL。随后加入20 µL不同浓度的化合物, 在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱内孵育24 h。每孔中DMSO的终浓度为0.1%。根据测得的相对发光单位(relative light unit, RLU) 值, 以0.1% DMSO为溶剂对照组, 根据公式(1) 计算化合物在不同浓度下的激活率变化, 进而获得化合物的EC50值, 用于评价化合物在体外的AhR活性。
$\rm 激活率 (\%) = (RLU_{化合物} - RLU_{溶剂}) / (RLU_{阳性} - \ \rm RLU_{溶剂}) × 100\%$
采用PHA-L作为诱导PBMC增殖的刺激剂。用含10%血清的RPMI 1640培养基将细胞调整至1×106 mL-1, 接种于96孔板, 每孔100 µL。随后加入不同浓度的化合物, 在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱内孵育30 min后, 每孔加入最终质量浓度为10 μg·mL-1 PHA-L, 37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱内孵育48 h后, 收集上清液用于检测细胞因子, 其余部分用CellTiter-Glo®发光法细胞活力检测试剂盒检测细胞活力。根据测出的RLU值, 以未加PHA-L的体系作为空白对照, 即可计算出测试样品对PBMC增殖的抑制作用的IC50值。
用ELISA法检测IFN-γ的含量, 按试剂盒内所附说明书进行实验操作。实验组选取1.5、7.5和94 µmol·L-1 3个浓度点进行检测, 以PHA-L组作为阳性对照, 即可计算出IFN-γ的抑制百分比, 用于评价化合物对IFN-γ的抑制活性。
作者贡献: 贾剑敏完成化合物设计、实验设计、数据分析及论文撰写; 蔡亚仙完成化合物设计、实验指导和论文审核; 韩自省、蔡开明完成化合物合成、表征及数据复核; 徐佳佳完成药理活性测试和数据整理; 胡晓慧完成化合物稳定性测试和数据整理。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
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2024年第59卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0517
  • 接收时间:2024-05-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-31
  • 修回日期:2024-09-04
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    上海泽德曼医药科技有限公司研发部, 上海 201203

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*贾剑敏, Tel: 86-21-60191631, Fax: 86-21-60191661, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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