Article(id=1199783107722313787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0659, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720972800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-15, revisedDate=1724947200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980183772, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1731340800000, pubDateStr=2024-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980183772, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980183772, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980183772, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199783099115598386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='2897', pageEnd='3178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980181720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225007568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809973203726681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199783099115598386, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2990, endPage=2996, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199783108087218259, articleId=1199783107722313787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Development of hydrophobic tag-based protein degraders for Bcl-2/Mcl-1 ubiquitination degradation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, are considered therapeutic targets of various cancers. In this article, we developed four hydrophobic tag (HyT)-based protein degraders of Bcl-2/Mcl-1, based on a Bcl-2/Mcl-1 dual inhibitor S1-6, and tested their capability in Bcl-2/Mcl-1 degradation and apoptotic induction in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, different linkers in the HyT degraders led to selective Bcl-2/Mcl-1 degradation, though the degraders S1-D1-S1-D4 maintained the pan-Bcl-2 family binding capacity. Among them, S1-D2 and S1-D4, two compounds bearing a hydrophobic linker or a PEG linker, were observed to potently and selectively induce the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 in living cells, with a degradation rate of more than 80% or 60%, respectively. Moreover, the HyT-based degraders showed increased lethality of cancer cells compared to the parent inhibitor S1-6, demonstrating that the advantage of degraders to the occupancy-based inhibitors.

, correspAuthors=Zi-qian WANG, Zhi-chao ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhe-ming WANG, Yi-tong LI, Zi-qian WANG, Zhi-chao ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199783110972899535, articleId=1199783107722313787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂, columnId=1199783099958653494, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 蛋白成熟与翻译后修饰的化学干预, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bcl-2家族中的抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Mcl-1是重要的抗肿瘤靶标。本研究以一个非选择性的Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂为基础, 设计合了4种不同结构的基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂S1-D1~S1-D4, 在乳腺癌细胞模型MCF-7上考察了其诱导Bcl-2和Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解和肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力。结果显示, 尽管S1-D1~S1-D4均保持了对Bcl-2家族蛋白广谱的亲和力, 但引入不同的连接子导致S1-D1~S1-D4实现了对Bcl-2和Mcl-1的选择性降解。其中, 具有疏水烷基链的S1-D2分子对Bcl-2的降解能力最强, 加入3 μmol·L-1时能够降解超80%的Bcl-2蛋白, 而具有聚乙二醇链连接子的化合物S1-D4则表现出对Mcl-1蛋白的特异性降解, 加入3 μmol·L-1时降解了约60%的Mcl-1蛋白。细胞毒性实验证明基于疏水标签的蛋白降解剂能够通过诱导靶蛋白的降解获得更强的肿瘤细胞杀伤活性, 揭示了降解剂相比于抑制剂分子的优势。

, correspAuthors=王紫千, 张志超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王紫千, Tel: 86-411-84784969, E-mail: ;
张志超, E-mail:
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基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂
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王哲明 , 黎怡同 , 王紫千 * , 张志超 *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 蛋白成熟与翻译后修饰的化学干预 2024,59(11): 2990-2996
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药学学报 | 专题报道: 蛋白成熟与翻译后修饰的化学干预 2024, 59(11): 2990-2996
基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂
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王哲明, 黎怡同, 王紫千* , 张志超*
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  • 大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁 大连 116024

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*王紫千, Tel: 86-411-84784969, E-mail: ;
张志超, E-mail:
Development of hydrophobic tag-based protein degraders for Bcl-2/Mcl-1 ubiquitination degradation
Zhe-ming WANG, Yi-tong LI, Zi-qian WANG* , Zhi-chao ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2024-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0659
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Bcl-2家族中的抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Mcl-1是重要的抗肿瘤靶标。本研究以一个非选择性的Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂为基础, 设计合了4种不同结构的基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂S1-D1~S1-D4, 在乳腺癌细胞模型MCF-7上考察了其诱导Bcl-2和Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解和肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力。结果显示, 尽管S1-D1~S1-D4均保持了对Bcl-2家族蛋白广谱的亲和力, 但引入不同的连接子导致S1-D1~S1-D4实现了对Bcl-2和Mcl-1的选择性降解。其中, 具有疏水烷基链的S1-D2分子对Bcl-2的降解能力最强, 加入3 μmol·L-1时能够降解超80%的Bcl-2蛋白, 而具有聚乙二醇链连接子的化合物S1-D4则表现出对Mcl-1蛋白的特异性降解, 加入3 μmol·L-1时降解了约60%的Mcl-1蛋白。细胞毒性实验证明基于疏水标签的蛋白降解剂能够通过诱导靶蛋白的降解获得更强的肿瘤细胞杀伤活性, 揭示了降解剂相比于抑制剂分子的优势。

基于疏水标签的蛋白降解剂  /  泛素化降解  /  Bcl-2家族蛋白  /  抗肿瘤

The anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, are considered therapeutic targets of various cancers. In this article, we developed four hydrophobic tag (HyT)-based protein degraders of Bcl-2/Mcl-1, based on a Bcl-2/Mcl-1 dual inhibitor S1-6, and tested their capability in Bcl-2/Mcl-1 degradation and apoptotic induction in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, different linkers in the HyT degraders led to selective Bcl-2/Mcl-1 degradation, though the degraders S1-D1-S1-D4 maintained the pan-Bcl-2 family binding capacity. Among them, S1-D2 and S1-D4, two compounds bearing a hydrophobic linker or a PEG linker, were observed to potently and selectively induce the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 in living cells, with a degradation rate of more than 80% or 60%, respectively. Moreover, the HyT-based degraders showed increased lethality of cancer cells compared to the parent inhibitor S1-6, demonstrating that the advantage of degraders to the occupancy-based inhibitors.

hydrophobic tag-based protein degrader  /  ubiquitination degradation  /  Bcl-2 family protein  /  anti-cancer
王哲明, 黎怡同, 王紫千, 张志超. 基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (11) : 2990 -2996 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0659
Zhe-ming WANG, Yi-tong LI, Zi-qian WANG, Zhi-chao ZHANG. Development of hydrophobic tag-based protein degraders for Bcl-2/Mcl-1 ubiquitination degradation[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (11) : 2990 -2996 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0659
细胞凋亡是细胞程序化死亡的主要方式, 作用是帮助生物体清除衰老或者异常的细胞, 维持体内环境的相对稳定[1, 2]。凋亡异常会导致多种疾病, 包括神经退行性病变、自身免疫疾病和肿瘤等[1, 2]。B细胞淋巴瘤-2 (Bcl-2) 家族蛋白是内源性细胞凋亡通路的重要调节因子, 成员包括抗凋亡蛋白、促凋亡蛋白和BH3-only蛋白, 它们通过彼此之间的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 网络调控细胞的生死[3-6]。其中, 抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-xL和Mcl-1的过度表达与肿瘤的发生、发展和化疗耐药密切相关, 是重要的抗肿瘤靶标[7-9]。近20年来, 靶向Bcl-2家族蛋白的小分子抑制剂一直是药物化学领域的研究热点, 目前已有多个抑制剂分子进入临床研究[10, 11]。其中, Bcl-2抑制剂维奈托克已于2016年被美国食品和药品管理局(FDA) 批准上市治疗慢性淋巴白血病[12], 并于2020年获批用于老年急性髓系白血病的一线治疗[13]
蛋白降解靶向嵌合体技术(proteolysis targeting chimeras, PROTAC) 是一种在活体内快速、原位降解靶蛋白的方法[14-17]。PROTAC是一种异双功能分子, 通过化学连接子(linker) 连接靶蛋白的配体(蛋白抑制剂) 和E3泛素连接酶的配体, 将E3连接酶招募到靶蛋白附近, 利用泛素-蛋白酶体系统, 实现对目标蛋白的泛素化和降解。相比小分子抑制剂类药物, PROTAC具有明显优势: 利用“事件驱动” (event driven) 而非“占据驱动” (occupation driven) 的作用模式发挥功能, 仅需催化量的药物即可发挥较强疗效, 在靶向“难成药”靶点、提高选择性、克服耐药、降低毒副作用等方面表现出较大的优势[14-17]。自2019年以来, 已有多种靶向降解的Bcl-2、Bcl-xL和Mcl-1的PROTAC分子被报道, 其中靶向降解Bcl-xL的DT2216, 相比抑制剂显著提高了抗肿瘤活性, 扩大了治疗窗口, 目前已进入I期临床试验[18-21]
但是, PROTAC分子也存在分子质量过大(一般 > 1 000 Da), 疏水性强, 细胞膜通透性小等问题, 因此其成药性尚未得到充分验证。疏水标签技术(hydrophobic tag, HyT) 是另一种靶向蛋白降解技术, 由PROTAC技术先驱Craig M. Crews于2011年提出。疏水标签可模拟错误折叠的蛋白质, 从而招募伴侣蛋白或蛋白酶体来降解靶标蛋白。相比PROTAC, HyT具有分子质量更低、成药性更好, 无沙利度胺衍生物的致畸风险等优势, 是一项极具前景的蛋白靶向降解技术[22, 23]
因此, 本研究拟利用HyT技术, 在本课题组研发的Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂S1-6分子[24]的合适位点引入金刚烷疏水标签, 获得基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂, 并考察Bcl-2/Mcl-1降解剂相比原抑制剂分子对Bcl-2家族蛋白依赖的肿瘤细胞杀伤能力的差异。
选择本课题组研发的、结合模式明确的Bcl-2/Mcl-1双抑制剂S1-6 (图 1) 分子[24]作为靶蛋白配体, 金刚烷作为疏水基团。分子对接结果显示, S1-6结合在Bcl-2家族蛋白的经典BH3疏水沟槽内部, 其分子结构中3-位的氰基处于疏水沟槽边缘, 提示在此处引入疏水基团可能有利于保持分子与Bcl-2家族蛋白的结合能力。因此, 首先将氰基替换为3-氨基丙酸甲酯基团, 得到中间体1 (图 1)。分子对接结果显示, 中间体1保持了S1-6与Bcl-2的BH3沟槽的结合模式, 且甲酯基团朝向溶剂侧, 有利于引入疏水基团(图 2)。
为了讨论连接子(linker) 的性质对Bcl-2家族蛋白降解效率的影响, 选择了4种不同长度的连接子, 分别连接中间体1和疏水基团金刚烷; 为了平衡蛋白降解分子的亲、疏水性, 这些连接子除长度外也具有不同的亲、疏水性质, 得到4个基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂候选分子S1-D1~S1-D4 (图 1)。
以Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂S1-6和疏水标签金刚烷甲酸为原料, 合成目标化合物的合成路线如合成路线1所示。具体步骤为: ① S1-6和氨基丙酸甲酯按投料摩尔比1∶10在碱性条件下常温发生SN1取代反应合成中间体1, 再通过碱性水解合成中间体2; ②金刚烷甲酸与单边Boc保护的二氨基连接子利用酰胺缩合反应连接, 随后将所得到的产物利用三氟乙酸进行保护基Boc的脱除, 获得中间体D1~D4; ③最后, 利用酰胺缩合反应连接中间体2D1~D4, 合成终产物S1-D1~S1-D4
利用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 测定包括Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂S1-6、中间体1S1-D1~S1-D4化合物对Bcl-2家族不同蛋白(Bcl-2和Mcl-1) 的结合能力及结合特异性。ELISA的实验数据显示, 化合物S1-D1~S1-D4均保持了与原抑制剂分子S1-6和中间体1相近的结合亲和力(图 3), 表明连接疏水基团并未显著影响化合物S1-D1~S1-D4对靶蛋白的亲和能力。
为了检测化合物S1-D1~S1-D4在细胞内对不同Bcl-2家族蛋白的降解能力和选择性, 利用免疫印迹实验(Western blot) 分别测定了加入不同浓度化合物S1-D1~S1-D4后细胞内Bcl-2和Mcl-1蛋白的水平变化。具体实验方案是以抑制剂S1-6作为对照组, 分别将化合物S1-D1~S1-D4 (1、3、10 μmol·L-1) 与乳腺癌模型MCF7细胞孵育12 h后, 将细胞裂解并利用免疫印迹实验检测细胞裂解液中Mcl-1与Bcl-2蛋白的含量变化。
结果显示, 上述连接疏水标签的分子中, 具有疏水烷基链连接子的化合物S1-D1~S1-D3表现出浓度依赖的、选择性的Bcl-2蛋白降解能力(图 4)。其中, S1-D2分子对Bcl-2的降解能力最强, 加入3 μmol·L-1时能够降解超80%的Bcl-2蛋白, 加入10 μmol·L-1时实现了95%以上的Bcl-2蛋白降解, 而在此浓度下Mcl-1蛋白的水平没有降低。相反, 具有聚乙二醇链连接子的化合物S1-D4则表现出对Mcl-1蛋白的特异性降解, 加入3 μmol·L-1时降解了约60%的Mcl-1蛋白, 加入10 μmol·L-1时80%的Mcl-1被降解, 而在这个浓度范围内Bcl-2蛋白的含量没有出现降低。对照组的抑制剂S1-6在加入10 μmol·L-1时没有引起任何一个蛋白的降解。
值得注意的是, 化合物S1-D1~S1-D3表现出浓度依赖的Mcl-1蛋白水平上调(图 4), 该结果与目前多种临床试验阶段的Mcl-1抑制剂(S63845、AZD5991、AMG-176等) 会导致Mcl-1水平上调的现象相一致[25-27]。引起该现象的生物学机制目前尚不清楚, 可能的原因包括通过影响Mcl-1的磷酸化、泛素化、去泛素化等过程调控Mcl-1蛋白的稳定性[28]。以上结果进一步表明Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂能够有效地解决Mcl-1抑制剂所带来的靶蛋白水平上调的问题, 因此相比于抑制剂可能具备更显著的优势。
对比S1-D1~S1-D4系列分子对Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白的结合亲和力(图 3) 和它们诱导Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白降解的结果(图 4), 发现S1-D1~S1-D4分子对靶蛋白的亲和力、降解效率及降解选择性没有相关性。即使是基于同一抑制剂母体设计的系列分子, 它们对Bcl-2家族蛋白的降解能力和选择性也存在较大差异, 可以从广谱性Bcl-2抑制剂出发通过连接子的优化获得Bcl-2/Mcl-1特异性的基于疏水标签的蛋白泛素化降解剂。
目前关于疏水标签诱导靶蛋白降解的机制, 主要存在两种假说: ①疏水标签的功能是模拟部分未折叠的蛋白结构; ②疏水标签与靶蛋白结合, 稳定靶蛋白的错误构象, 被细胞内监控系统误判, 从而招募内源性伴侣蛋白, 促进靶蛋白的蛋白酶体降解[22, 23]。本研究中, 引入不同的连接疏水标签的连接子并未显著影响化合物S1-D1~S1-D4对靶蛋白的亲和能力(图 3), 但显著影响化合物对靶蛋白的降解能力(图 4), 说明疏水标签很可能并没有与靶蛋白发生直接的相互作用从而改变靶蛋白的构象, 而是模拟部分未折叠的蛋白结构被伴侣蛋白识别并被蛋白酶体降解, 即符合假说①所述的机制。连接子的长度、结构则能够影响靶蛋白-HyT-伴侣蛋白形成复合体中靶蛋白和伴侣蛋白之间的相对位置, 调控的靶蛋白和伴侣蛋白的蛋白-蛋白相互作用, 影响靶蛋白-HyT-伴侣蛋白复合物的稳定性和降解效率。因此, 通过对连接子的优化、适配不同靶蛋白与伴侣蛋白形成蛋白-蛋白相互作用的需要, 有机会实现从广谱性Bcl-2抑制剂出发获得Bcl-2/Mcl-1特异性的基于疏水标签的蛋白泛素化降解剂。
检测降解剂S1-D1~S1-D4与抑制剂分子S1-6在细胞杀伤活性上的差异。将S1-D1~S1-D4S1-6分别与依赖Bcl-2家族蛋白生存的MCF-7细胞共孵育, 利用CCK8染色测定细胞的生存率。细胞活性实验的结果表明, 基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂S1-D1~S1-D4杀伤细胞的活性均优于抑制剂S1-6, 并且降解剂的细胞杀伤活性与降解剂分子对Bcl-2/Mcl-1降解能力呈正相关(图 5)。其中, 对Mcl-1降解能力最强的S1-D2分子具有最高的细胞杀伤活性(IC50 = 1.8 μmol·L-1), 相比抑制剂S1-6的细胞杀伤活性(IC50 = 9.2 μmol·L-1) 提高5倍以上。
以上结果表明, 基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂通过降低细胞中Bcl-2家族蛋白的含量可以带来更显著的细胞表型变化, 比如癌细胞的细胞生存率显著降低, 显示了蛋白质降解分子相比于抑制剂的优势。
本研究设计、合成并评价了靶向Bcl-2家族蛋白的基于疏水标签的蛋白泛素化降解剂。利用Bcl-2家族蛋白广谱性抑制剂S1-6作为靶标识别配体, 通过选择不同长度及疏水性的烷基链或者聚乙二醇链连接金刚烷疏水标签, 设计合成了4种不同结构的基于疏水标签的Bcl-2/Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解剂S1-D1~S1-D4, 并在乳腺癌细胞模型MCF-7上考察了其诱导Bcl-2和Mcl-1蛋白泛素化降解和肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力。结果显示, 尽管S1-D1~S1-D4均保持了对Bcl-2家族蛋白广谱的亲和力, 但引入不同的连接链导致S1-D1~S1-D4实现了对Bcl-2和Mcl-1的选择性降解。其中, 具有疏水烷基链的S1-D2分子对Bcl-2的降解能力最强, 加入3 μmol·L-1时能够降解超80%的Bcl-2蛋白, 而具有聚乙二醇链连接子的化合物S1-D4则表现出对Mcl-1蛋白的特异性降解, 加入3 μmol·L-1时降解了约60%的Mcl-1蛋白。以上结果证明, 基于疏水标签的蛋白泛素化降解剂也可以通过连接子的优化实现对降解效率和选择性的调控, 为后续基于疏水标签的降解剂的设计提供了参考。随后, 细胞毒性实验证明基于疏水标签的蛋白泛素化降解剂能够通过诱导靶蛋白的降解获得更强的肿瘤细胞杀伤活性, 揭示了降解剂相比于抑制剂分子的优势。
实验所有试剂和溶剂未经说明的均为分析纯。Bcl-2和Mcl-1抗体购自美国Santa Cruz生物公司, RPMI1640培养液、Tween-20、CCK-8溶液购自北京索莱宝公司。本实验中所用仪器包括: Varian INOVA 400 MHz核磁共振波谱仪(Varian公司, 美国), HP 1100 LC-MSD高分辨质谱仪(HP公司, 美国), GENios酶标仪(TECAN公司, 瑞士), HH CP-T恒温CO2细胞培养箱(益恒实验仪器有限公司, 上海), 水平层流超净台(益恒实验仪器有限公司, 上海)。
在30 mL乙腈中加入S1-6 (417 mg, 1 mmol), 氨基丙酸甲酯(895 mg, 10 mmol), 常温反应3 h。溶剂蒸干, 粗产品用硅胶柱分离, 流动相为二氯甲烷∶乙酸乙酯(按体积比15∶1), 得黄色固体化合物1 48 mg, 产率10%。
在10 mL四氢呋喃中加入1 (98 mg, 0.20 mmol), 冰水浴搅拌下滴加5 mL NaOH (80 mg, 2.0 mmol) 水溶液, 常温搅拌20 h, 倒入50 mL水, 用盐酸酸化至pH = 2, 抽滤, 烘干, 得黄色固体2 88 mg, 产率95%。
在10 mL DMF中加入50 mg金刚烷甲酸, 48 mg N-Boc-1, 2-乙二胺, 冰水浴搅拌下加入118 mg (0.32 mmol) HATU, 常温搅拌12 h。将反应液倒入30 mL水中并用30 mL的乙酸乙酯萃取3次。将萃取得到的有机相合并, 用无水硫酸钠干燥后减压蒸馏除去乙酸乙酯, 粗产物用硅胶层析柱分离, 流动相为二氯甲烷∶甲醇(按体积比30∶1), 得无色油状液体。随后产物溶于10 mL二氯甲烷, 然后在冰水浴的条件下向瓶中滴加3 mL三氟乙酸, 滴加完成后撤去冰水浴在室温下反应2 h, 反应结束后减压蒸馏除去二氯甲烷与剩下的三氟乙酸, 得油状液体化合物D1。产物不进一步提纯, 直接进行下一步反应。
将上一步反应所得化合物D1溶于10 mL DMF, 加入88 mg化合物2, 50 μL DIPEA, 在冰水浴条件下向反应液中加入84 mg (0.22mmol) HATU, 常温反应12 h。将反应液倒入30 mL水中并用30 mL的乙酸乙酯萃取3次。将萃取得到的有机相合并, 用无水硫酸钠干燥后减压蒸馏除去乙酸乙酯, 粗产物用硅胶层析柱分离, 流动相为二氯甲烷∶甲醇(按体积比20∶1), 得终产物S1-D1, 黄色固体, 产量92 mg, 产率72%。1H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 8.57 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (m, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (m, 4H), 2.64 (m, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.81 (s, 2H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.61-1.54 (m, 9H), 1.49-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.36 (m, 3H)。ESI-MS: calcd. For C36H36BrN4O3S [M+H]+, 683.168 6; found 683.168 1。
S1-D2, 起始原料更换为N-Boc-1, 4-丁二胺(56 mg, 0.30 mmol), 合成与分离方法同S1-D1。黄色固体, 终产量95 mg, 产率70%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 8.59 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (m, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (m, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (s, 2H), 1.71-1.64 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.55 (m, 9H), 1.51-1.36 (m, 9H)。ESI-MS: calcd. For C38H40BrN4O3S [M+H]+, 711.199 9, found 711.199 2。
S1-D3, 起始原料更换为N-Boc-1, 6-己二胺(65 mg, 0.30 mmol), 合成与分离方法同S1-D1。黄色固体, 终产量84 mg, 产率57%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 8.56 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.30 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (dd, J = 12.3, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (dd, J = 15.3, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 1.84 (s, 2H), 1.70-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.62-1.54 (m, 10H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 8H), 1.36-1.29 (m, 4H)。ESI-MS: calcd. For C40H44BrN4O3S [M+H]+, 739.231 2, found 739.231 5。
S1-D4, 起始原料更换为N-Boc-2, 2-(亚乙二氧基)二乙胺(74 mg, 0.30 mmol), 合成与分离方法同S1-D1。黄色固体, 终产量101 mg, 产率61%。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 8.57 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.42 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (m, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.69-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.63-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 4H), 2.68 (m, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.81 (s, 2H), 1.68-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.59-1.52 (m, 8H), 1.50-1.44 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.36 (m, 3H)。ESI-MS: calcd. For C40H44BrN4O5S [M+H]+, 771.221 0, found 771.221 5。
利用0.05 mol·L-1 (pH值为9.0) 的Na2CO3缓冲液稀释链霉亲和素储存液至10 μg·mL-1, 向ELISA专用酶标96孔板中的每个测试孔内加入100 μL稀释后的链霉亲和素溶液, 4 ℃静置孵育12 h。弃去孔内溶液, 向每个测试孔中加入370 μL洗涤液(洗涤液组成: NaCl 137 mmol·L-1, KCl 2.7 mmol·L-1, Na2HPO4 4.3 mmol·L-1, KH2PO4 1.4 mmol·L-1, 0.05% Tween-20), 静置3 min。重复润洗3次, 然后加入100 μL生物素标记的Bim肽段, 室温静置2 h, 弃去溶液, 用洗涤液润洗3次。将不同浓度梯度的小分子分别与200 nmol·L-1的Mcl-1、Bcl-2蛋白的PBS溶液混合, 室温静置孵育1 h, 随后取100 μL蛋白-小分子的混合溶液加入测试孔中, 室温静置孵育1 h, 随后弃去溶液, 用洗涤液润洗3次。然后向每个测试孔中加入100 μL的TMD显色液, 常温孵育30 min后加入2 mol·L-1的硫酸终止显色反应。最后在酶标仪上测定各孔的吸光值, 记录结果, 用蛋白抑制率对化合物浓度对数作图, 计算每个小分子对蛋白的半数抑制浓度值(IC50)。
在6孔细胞培养板中接种MCF-7细胞系(每孔2×105个细胞), 用DMSO配置不同浓度的待测化合物溶液并加入培养板(对照组加入相同体积分数的DMSO), 细胞培育12 h (室温, 5% CO2), 弃去培养基, 用PBS缓冲液清洗3次。收集孔板中的细胞, 加入50 µL的RIPA细胞裂解液, 低温裂解30 min, 离心(12 000 g, 4 ℃, 15 min), 取上清液。加入SDS, 进行12% SDS-PAGE电泳。随后转至PVDF膜, 用含有5%脱脂牛奶和0.1% Tween-20的TBS溶液进行封闭, 最后使用待检测蛋白(Mcl-1、Bcl-2) 对应的抗体对目的蛋白进行检测。
用0.25%的胰蛋白酶处理MCF-7细胞系, 再用含有10%的胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养液配制单细胞悬液。将悬液接种到96孔的培养板中(每孔200 µL, 103~104个细胞), 37 ℃培养24 h (5% CO2) 后, 然后向待测孔中加入不同浓度梯度的待测化合物溶液, 对照组则加入相同体积的DMSO (DMSO最终含量不超过0.3%), 继续培养24 h。向每个测试孔中加入10 μL的CCK-8溶液, 孵育3 h。使用酶标仪(波长450 nmol·L-1) 测定各孔中的光吸收值, 记录实验结果。根据公式(1) 计算细胞存活率, 并利用细胞存活率和小分子浓度的对数值作图, 得到小分子的半数抑制浓度(IC50)。
$细胞存活率 = 试验组光吸收值/对照组光吸收值× \ 100\%$
作者贡献: 王哲明、黎怡同负责实验研究、文章撰写与修改; 张志超负责实验指导与文章修改; 王紫千负责实验方案设计、实验指导、文章撰写、修改与审核。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073703)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82270186)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273778)
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2024年第59卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0659
  • 接收时间:2024-07-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15
  • 修回日期:2024-08-30
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073703)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82270186)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273778)
作者信息
    大连理工大学化学学院, 辽宁 大连 116024

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*王紫千, Tel: 86-411-84784969, E-mail: ;
张志超, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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