Article(id=1199782968920207990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0843, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724947200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-30, revisedDate=1729180800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763980150680, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1733932800000, pubDateStr=2024-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763980150680, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763980150680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763980150680, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199782966441378761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='12', pageStart='3179', pageEnd='3412', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763980150088, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224975369, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809838151324147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1199782966441378761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3342, endPage=3346, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199782969276723846, articleId=1199782968920207990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=A new alkaloid from Huperzia serrata and its biological activity, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The methanol extract of Huperzia serrata was separated and purified by ODS, AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin, dextran gel Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatography combined with the semi-pre HPLC. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by MS, IR, NMR, etc. Four compounds were isolated from Huperzia serrata and identified, named as serratinine C (1), lycobeline C (2), diphaladin A (3) and crenatine (4). Compound 1 is a new alkaloid, compounds 2-4 were isolated for the first time. In vitro biological activity experiments showed that compound 1 could significantly reduce the levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in glial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and had significant antioxidant biological activity.

, correspAuthors=Duo CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-ting QIAO, Xin-xin CHENG, Dan WANG, Mei-han LAI, Jia-qi WANG, Xiao-min WANG, Cai-lian RUAN, Duo CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199782971080274610, articleId=1199782968920207990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=千层塔中一个新的生物碱及其生物活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用ODS反相硅胶、AB-8大孔吸附树脂、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、氧化铝柱层析和半制备液相制备色谱等方法, 对千层塔甲醇提取物进行较为系统的分离纯化, 通过MS、IR、NMR等方法, 对分离到的化合物进行结构鉴定。从千层塔中共分离鉴定了4个生物碱化合物, 分别为serratinine C (1), lycobeline C (2), diphaladin A (3) 和crenatine (4)。其中, 化合物1为新的生物碱类化合物, 化合物2~4是首次从千层塔中分离。体外生物活性实验表明, 化合物1能够明显降低脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的神经胶质细胞中一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO) 和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平, 具有显著抗氧化生物活性。

, correspAuthors=曹朵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*曹朵, E-mail:
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No. δC δH (J in Hz, HSQC) HMBC
5 213.2 (C) - H-3, 6
4 77.6 (CH) - H-3
13 73.1 (CH) 3.37 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz) H-14, 6', C-12, 14, 6'
8 70.9 (CH) 3.56 (1H, d, J=7.6, 3.0 Hz) H-7, 15, C-7, 15
1 52.3 (CH2) 2.43 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, m) H-2, C-2
9 50.4 (CH2) 2.12 (1H, m), 2.59 (1H, m) H-10, C-10
12 44.3 (C) - H-7, 11
7 40.1 (CH) 2.93 (1H, t, J=11.0, 3.2 Hz) H-6, 8, C-6, 8, 12
6 37.8 (CH2) 1.98-2.20 (2H, m) H-7, C-5, 7
14 32.2 (CH2) 1.58-1.69 (2H, m) H13, 15, C13, 15
11 27.0 (CH2) 2.11 (2H, m) H-10, C-10, 12
15 24.1 (CH) 2.09 (1H, m) H-8, 14, C-8, 14
2 21.2 (CH2) 1.87 (2H, m) H-1, 3, C-1, 3
3 21.1 (CH2) 1.63 (2H, m) H-2, C-2, 4
10 20.9 (CH2) 1.36 (2H, d, J=13.8 Hz) H-9, 11, C-9, 11
16 18.5 (CH3) 0.88 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz) H-15, C-15
1' 182.2 (C) - H-2'
2' 112.8 (CH) 5.81 (1H, s) C-1', 3'
3' 171.4 (C) - H-2', 4'
4' 50.1 (CH2) 1.88-1.90 (2H, m) H-5', C-3', 5'
5' 48.3 (CH2) 1.28 (1H, m), 2.35 (1H, ddd, J=11.5, 4.0, 2.0 Hz) H-4', 6', C-4', 6'
6' 63.4 (CH) 3.98 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 3.8 Hz) H-5', 13, C-5', 7', 13
7' 35.2 (C) - H-6', C-6', 8'
8' 86.9 (C) - H-9'
9' 30.2 (CH3) 1.23 (3H, s) C-8'
10' 25.7 (CH3) 1.20 (3H, s) C-7'
11' 25.1 (CH3) 1.51 (3H, s) C-7'
), ArticleFig(id=1200378744033628756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1199782968920207990, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H NMR (800 MHz) and 13C NMR (200 MHz) data of compound 1 in DMSO-d6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. δC δH (J in Hz, HSQC) HMBC
5 213.2 (C) - H-3, 6
4 77.6 (CH) - H-3
13 73.1 (CH) 3.37 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz) H-14, 6', C-12, 14, 6'
8 70.9 (CH) 3.56 (1H, d, J=7.6, 3.0 Hz) H-7, 15, C-7, 15
1 52.3 (CH2) 2.43 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, m) H-2, C-2
9 50.4 (CH2) 2.12 (1H, m), 2.59 (1H, m) H-10, C-10
12 44.3 (C) - H-7, 11
7 40.1 (CH) 2.93 (1H, t, J=11.0, 3.2 Hz) H-6, 8, C-6, 8, 12
6 37.8 (CH2) 1.98-2.20 (2H, m) H-7, C-5, 7
14 32.2 (CH2) 1.58-1.69 (2H, m) H13, 15, C13, 15
11 27.0 (CH2) 2.11 (2H, m) H-10, C-10, 12
15 24.1 (CH) 2.09 (1H, m) H-8, 14, C-8, 14
2 21.2 (CH2) 1.87 (2H, m) H-1, 3, C-1, 3
3 21.1 (CH2) 1.63 (2H, m) H-2, C-2, 4
10 20.9 (CH2) 1.36 (2H, d, J=13.8 Hz) H-9, 11, C-9, 11
16 18.5 (CH3) 0.88 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz) H-15, C-15
1' 182.2 (C) - H-2'
2' 112.8 (CH) 5.81 (1H, s) C-1', 3'
3' 171.4 (C) - H-2', 4'
4' 50.1 (CH2) 1.88-1.90 (2H, m) H-5', C-3', 5'
5' 48.3 (CH2) 1.28 (1H, m), 2.35 (1H, ddd, J=11.5, 4.0, 2.0 Hz) H-4', 6', C-4', 6'
6' 63.4 (CH) 3.98 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 3.8 Hz) H-5', 13, C-5', 7', 13
7' 35.2 (C) - H-6', C-6', 8'
8' 86.9 (C) - H-9'
9' 30.2 (CH3) 1.23 (3H, s) C-8'
10' 25.7 (CH3) 1.20 (3H, s) C-7'
11' 25.1 (CH3) 1.51 (3H, s) C-7'
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千层塔中一个新的生物碱及其生物活性研究
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乔晓婷 1, 2 , 成欣欣 1 , 王丹 1 , 来美含 2 , 王嘉琪 2 , 王晓敏 1, 2 , 阮彩莲 2 , 曹朵 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(12): 3342-3346
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(12): 3342-3346
千层塔中一个新的生物碱及其生物活性研究
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乔晓婷1, 2, 成欣欣1, 王丹1, 来美含2, 王嘉琪2, 王晓敏1, 2, 阮彩莲2, 曹朵1, *
作者信息
  • 1.延安大学生命科学学院, 陕西省黄土高原资源植物研究与利用省市共建重点实验室, 陕西省区域生物资源保育与利用工程技术研究中心, 陕西 延安 716000
  • 2.延安大学医学院, 陕西 延安 716000

通讯作者:

*曹朵, E-mail:
A new alkaloid from Huperzia serrata and its biological activity
Xiao-ting QIAO1, 2, Xin-xin CHENG1, Dan WANG1, Mei-han LAI2, Jia-qi WANG2, Xiao-min WANG1, 2, Cai-lian RUAN2, Duo CAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Resource Plants on the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
  • 2. Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0843
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采用ODS反相硅胶、AB-8大孔吸附树脂、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、氧化铝柱层析和半制备液相制备色谱等方法, 对千层塔甲醇提取物进行较为系统的分离纯化, 通过MS、IR、NMR等方法, 对分离到的化合物进行结构鉴定。从千层塔中共分离鉴定了4个生物碱化合物, 分别为serratinine C (1), lycobeline C (2), diphaladin A (3) 和crenatine (4)。其中, 化合物1为新的生物碱类化合物, 化合物2~4是首次从千层塔中分离。体外生物活性实验表明, 化合物1能够明显降低脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的神经胶质细胞中一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO) 和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平, 具有显著抗氧化生物活性。

千层塔  /  化学成分  /  生物碱  /  结构鉴定  /  抗氧化

The methanol extract of Huperzia serrata was separated and purified by ODS, AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin, dextran gel Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatography combined with the semi-pre HPLC. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by MS, IR, NMR, etc. Four compounds were isolated from Huperzia serrata and identified, named as serratinine C (1), lycobeline C (2), diphaladin A (3) and crenatine (4). Compound 1 is a new alkaloid, compounds 2-4 were isolated for the first time. In vitro biological activity experiments showed that compound 1 could significantly reduce the levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in glial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and had significant antioxidant biological activity.

Huperzia serrata  /  chemical composition  /  alkaloid  /  structural identification  /  antioxidant
乔晓婷, 成欣欣, 王丹, 来美含, 王嘉琪, 王晓敏, 阮彩莲, 曹朵. 千层塔中一个新的生物碱及其生物活性研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3342 -3346 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0843
Xiao-ting QIAO, Xin-xin CHENG, Dan WANG, Mei-han LAI, Jia-qi WANG, Xiao-min WANG, Cai-lian RUAN, Duo CAO. A new alkaloid from Huperzia serrata and its biological activity[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (12) : 3342 -3346 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0843
石杉科石杉属植物千层塔(Lycopodium serratum Thunb) 在临床上被广泛用于治疗精神分裂症[1]等神经系统性疾病。千层塔中有效成分石杉碱甲通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性从而提高小鼠学习、记忆和活动能力, 其中石杉碱甲在中国被批准为治疗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease, AD) 药物[2]。然而, 石杉碱甲仅对轻度AD患者有效, 不能够阻止AD的病理进展, 同时伴有胃肠道不适、影响肝肾功能等明显不良反应[3]。Hu等[4]报道中药复方千层塔合剂在临床上对AD患者具有显著治疗效果, 对血管性痴呆及帕金森病等也均有效, 随后也有诸多有关千层塔提取物用于治疗AD的报道[5]。因此, 本研究对传统抗神经退行性疾病药用植物千层塔进行了系统的分离研究, 得到4个生物碱化合物, 并用波谱学方法进行了结构鉴定。
化合物1, 白色粉末, 熔点为202.6 ℃, 可溶于甲醇、氯仿和丙酮等溶剂。ESI-MS质谱中[M+Na]+ m/z 480.32及[M+K]+ 496.30, 提示其相对分子质量为457, 高分辨质谱m/z 458.284 5 [M+H]+ (calcd. for C27H40O5N) 提示其分子式为C27H39O5N, 不饱和度为9。1H NMR谱(表 1) 在高场显示4个甲基氢质子信号δH 0.88 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz)、1.20 (3H, s)、1.23 (3H, s) 和1.51 (3H, s), 低场区显示1个氢质子信号δH 5.81 (1H, s)。13C NMR (表 1) 结合DEPT数据显示化合物1有27个碳信号, 其中4个甲基碳(δC 18.5, 25.1, 25.7和30.2)、10个亚甲基碳、6个次甲基碳(包含1个双键碳信号) 和7个季碳(含2个羰基碳) 信号。HSQC谱中显示δH 0.88 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz) 与δC 18.5相关, 提示δH 0.88 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz) 为甲基氢质子, δH 2.93 (2H, t, J = 11.0, 3.2 Hz) 与δC 40.1相关, 提示δH 2.93 (1H, t, J = 11.0, 3.2 Hz) 是C-7位(δC 40.1) 氢质子信号, δH 3.56 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 3.0 Hz) 与δC 70.9 (C-8) 相关, δH 3.56 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 3.0 Hz) 是C-8氢质子信号, δH 3.37 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz) 与δC 73.1 (C-13) 相关, HMBC谱中显示δC 73.1与δH 2.93 (1H, t, J = 11.0, 3.2 Hz) 相关, δC 70.4与δH 2.93 (1H, t, J = 11.0, 3.2 Hz) 和δH 0.88 (甲基氢质子信号) 相关, 以上信息与化合物serratinine基本一致, 提示化合物1结构中有serratinine母核结构(不饱和度为5), 1H-1H COSY谱中δH 2.09 (1H, m, H-15) 与δH 3.37 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz) 和δH 3.56 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 3.0 Hz, H-8) 均相关, 且δH 3.56 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 3.0 Hz, H-8) 与2.93 (1H, t, J = 11.0, 3.2 Hz) 相关, NOESY谱中H-15与H-8相关、H-7与H-13相关、H-15与H-13不相关, H-8与H-7不相关, 提示C-15位甲基与C-8位羟基在同侧、C-15位甲基与C-13位羟基在异侧、H-8氢质子与C-7位氢质子在异侧、C-7位氢质子与C-13位氢质子在同侧, 化合物1母核结构的相对构型如图 1所示。此外, 还有11个碳信号(不饱和度为4), 包含2个不饱和季碳(δC 182.2和171.4)、1个不饱和次甲基碳(δC 112.8)、3个饱和次甲基碳、2个亚甲基碳和3个甲基碳信号, 由不饱和度推算得知化合物1取代基为二元环体系。HSQC谱中显示δH 1.20 (3H, s) 与δC 25.1相关、δH 1.23 (3H, s) 与δC 30.2相关、δH 1.51 (3H, s) 与δC 25.7相关, 为3个甲基信号; δH 5.81 (1H, s) 与δC 112.8相关, HMBC中δH 5.81 (1H, s) 与2个不饱和季碳(δC 182.2, 171.4) 均相关, 提示存在α, β-不饱和结构, δH 5.81 (1H, s) 为烯烃氢质子信号, 且在HMBC谱中显示与季碳δC 86.9均存在相关性。HSQC谱中显示δH 3.98 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 3.8 Hz) 与δC 63.4相关, δH 1.88~1.90 (2H, m) 与δC 50.1相关, δH 1.28 (1H, m) 和δH 2.35 (1H, ddd, J = 11.5, 4.0, 2.0 Hz) 分别与δC 48.3相关, HMBC谱中显示δC 63.4与δH 2.35 (1H, ddd, J = 11.5, 4.0, 2.0 Hz)、1.88~1.90 (2H, m), 1.23 (3H, s), 1.28 (H-5', 1H, m) 及与δH 3.37 (C-13, 1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz) 均存在相关性, δH 3.98 (H-6', 1H, dd, J = 7.4, 3.8 Hz) 与δC 48.3, 35.2, 73.1 (分别为C-5'、C-7'、C-13) 相关, 以上信息提示化合物1中有3个甲基取代的降倍半萜内酯结构片段, 且与化合物1的C-13位相连。综合以上信息推测化合物1的结构如图 1所示, SciFinder数据库检索显示化合物1为新化合物, 命名为serratinine C。体外生物活性实验表明, 化合物1能够明显降低LPS诱导的神经胶质细胞中NO和ROS水平, 具有显著抗氧化生物活性(图 2)。
千层塔是石杉科石衫属药用植物[6], 主要分布在亚洲东部、南部和东南部, 大洋洲和中美等地区[7], 被广泛用于与胆碱酯酶活性有关的神经系统疾病的治疗[8], 如重症肌无力[9]、帕金森病[10]、血管性痴呆[11]和AD[12]等。本实验从千层塔全草甲醇提取物中分离得到4个化合物, 其中化合物1为一个新的生物碱类化合物, 3个化合物首次从千层塔中分离。体外生物活性实验结果显示, 化合物1能够显著下调LPS诱导的神经胶质细胞中NO和ROS水平, 表明其具有显著抗氧化生物活性(化合物2~4无显著抗氧化生物活性)。本实验进一步丰富了千层塔化学成分的多样性, 为其后续研究奠定了一定的物质基础。
千层塔药材(19 kg) 购于湖北省恩施市, 经西北大学生命科学学院郭斌研究员鉴定, 为千层塔(Lycopodium serratum Thunb) 全株药材, 该中药标本(编号: 17-03-10) 存放于西北大学生命科学院。
Agilent Series 1100 SL液质联用仪(高分辨ESI), 美国安捷伦科技有限公司; D8 QUEST Bruker、Bruker Avance 500、AV 800型核1D和2D核磁共振仪, 德国布鲁克公司; RE-6000A及RE3000A型旋转蒸发仪, 上海亚荣公司; DLSB-10/20型低温冷却循环泵, 郑州长城科工贸有限公司; ST-07B密闭式粉碎机, 北京京创泰宁伟业科技公司; BP221S万分之一电子秤, 德国赛多利斯集团; NP7000C型泵、NU3000型紫外检测器制备高效液相色谱、C18色谱柱(250 mm × 10 mm, 10 μm), 江苏汉邦科技有限公司; C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 日本YMC Co., LTD.公司; 100~200、200~300、300~400目正相层析硅胶和GF254薄层层析硅胶, 青岛海洋化工厂; AB-8大孔吸附树脂, 北京慧德易科技有限责任公司; 葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、ODS反相硅胶, 上海技舟化工科技有限公司; MCI树脂(型号MCI Gel-CHP 20-P, 75~150 μm), 日本三菱公司; TLC显色剂包括碘化铋钾溶液、5%香草醛、10%硫酸-乙醇溶液、固体碘和所使用有机溶剂石油醚、氯仿、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇、甲醇等, 天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司。
千层塔全株药材(19 kg) 粉碎过筛(100目), 甲醇加热回流提取4次, 每次2 h, 减压浓缩回收甲醇得提取浸膏约5.5 kg。将浸膏分为3份, 每份加5 L的盐酸水溶液(pH 2.5), 使其充分分散后过滤得酸水层(含生物碱), 用氢氧化钠调节酸水pH值为10~11, 合并碱水层, 加入等体积的有机相(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯) 依次萃取, 减压回收有机相得氯仿萃取部位约1.5 kg, 乙酸乙酯萃取部位约500 g。
分别取千层塔氯仿萃取部位(1.4 kg) 和乙酸乙酯萃取部位(400 g) 进行大孔吸附树脂AB-8划段分离纯化。乙醇-水(0∶100、30∶70、50∶50、70∶30、90∶10和100∶0) 梯度洗脱, TLC检测合并相似流分, 氯仿层萃取部位Fr.A~G, 乙酸乙酯萃取部位得Fr.H~M。
Fr. B (302 g) 通过反相硅胶填料ODS常压柱层析分离, 甲醇-水(30∶70、40∶60、50∶50、60∶40、70∶20和90∶0) 洗脱, TLC检测合并得到6个流分Fr.B1~B6。其中Fr.B3通过MCI Gel中低压Flash柱分离纯化, 甲醇-水洗脱(40∶60、50∶50、60∶40、70∶30和80∶20) 得到5个组分, Fr.B31~B35。Fr.B32 (320 mg) 再经常压反相硅胶ODS柱层析后得6个组分Fr.B321~B326。其中Fr.B323 (116.8 mg) 经半制备液相HPLC (乙腈-水) 纯化得到化合物1 (7.45 mg)。
Fr. L (约89 g) 经氨基硅胶常压柱层析, TLC检测合并得7个组分, Fr. L1~L7, 其中Fr. L5 (约340 mg) TLC检测三个主要斑点, 经半制备液相HPLC制备得化合物2 (17.01 mg) 和4 (14.69 mg)。
Fr.M (约80 g) 经中性氧化铝常压柱层析, 二氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶0~0∶100), TLC检测合并后得四个流分Fr.M1~M4。其中Fr.M1 (约13.5 g) 不能完全溶解于甲醇, 过滤后约剩9.6 g, 再经氨基硅胶常压柱层析, 己烷-乙酸乙酯梯度(100∶0~0∶100), TLC检测合并相似流分后得7个组分, Fr.M11~M17。Fr.M14 (416 mg) 和Fr.M16 (117 mg) 经半制备液相HPLC制备得化合物3 (17.20 mg)。
化合物1: 白色粉末, 熔点为202.6℃, 可溶于甲醇、氯仿和丙酮等溶剂。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ +32.1 (c 0.10, CH3OH); UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε): 190 (4.56); IR $ \nu $max: 3 348, 2 930, 1 800, 1 670, 1 200, 1 030 cm-1, 提示分子中含有双键、羰基和羟基; ESI-MS质谱中[M+Na]+ m/z 480.32及[M+K]+ 496.30, 提示其相对分子质量为457, 高分辨质谱m/z 458.284 5 [M+H]+ (calcd. for C27H40O5N), 分子式为C27H39O5N, 1H NMR和13C NMR数据见表 1
化合物2: 白色无定形粉末, 13C NMR (200 MHz, CD3OD) δC 53.9 (C-1, CH2), 30.0 (C-2, CH2), 28.1 (C-3, CH2), 31.1 (C-4, CH2), 25.0 (C-5, CH2), 34.0 (C-6, CH2), 41.6 (C-7, CH), 41.4 (C-8, CH2), 48.1 (C-9, 47.3), 27.0 (C-10, CH2), 29.4 (C-11, CH2), 48.0 (C-12, CH), 60.5 (C-13, CH), 43.1 (C-14, CH2), 29.9 (C-15, CH2), 23.0 (C-16, CH), 36.7 (C-17, CH), 以上13C NMR及DEPT谱数据与化合物lycobeline C一致[13]
化合物3: 13C NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 63.2 (C-1, CH2), 21.1 (C-2, CH2), 17.9 (C-3, CH2), 48.5 (C-4, CH), 210.3 (C-5, C), 45.2 (C-6), 40.4 (C-7), 37.2 (C-8, CH2), 55.5 (C-9, CH2), 26.3 (C-10, CH2), 71.5 (C-11, CH), 71.3 (C-12, CH), 72.8 (C-13, CH), 30.0 (C-14, CH2), 24.7 (C-15), 222.9 (C-16, CH3), 以上13C NMR及DEPT谱数据与化合物diphaladine A一致[14]
化合物4: 13C NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC 140.6 (C-1, C), 26.6 (C-1′, CH2), 13.4 (C-2′, CH3), 119.8 (C-3, CH), 150.3 (C-4, C), 120.3 (C-4a, CH), 116.7 (C-4b, CH), 123.6 (C-5, CH), 127.2 (C-6, CH), 120.8 (C-7, CH), 140.0 (C-8, C), 112.1 (C-8a, CH), 135.0 (C-9, C), 56.4 (C-OCH3), 以上13C NMR及DEPT谱数据与化合物crenatine一致[15]
BV-2细胞在高糖DMEM培养液(10%胎牛血清) 培养, 补充10% FBS, 青霉素(100 u·mL-1) 和链霉素(100 μg·mL-1), 并在37 ℃、5% CO2的加湿培养箱中培养。HEB和HMC3细胞在低糖DMEM中培养, 补充10% FBS, 青霉素(100 u·mL-1) 和链霉素(100 μg·mL-1), 并在37 ℃、5%CO2的加湿培养箱中培养。
将细胞按照每孔2$ \times $105个铺至48孔板, 每孔培养基300 μL。次日进行相关处理。分为空白对照组(Control组)、LPS组(200 ng·mL-1)、溶剂组(加LPS刺激6 h后换为含0.01% DMSO培养基, 即DMSO+LPS组) 和给药组(加LPS刺激6 h后换为含20 μmol·L-1化合物1的培养基, 即Drug+LPS组), 处理后在48孔板中作用24 h, 然后依据碧云天S0023试剂盒说明书检测细胞上清中NO含量。
向各组细胞中加入适当体积稀释好的DCFH-DA, 37 ℃细胞培养箱内孵育20 min。用无血清细胞培养液洗涤细胞三次, 以充分去除未进入细胞内的DCFH-DA。刮取细胞, 荧光酶标仪上机检测。
本文实验数据采用GraphPad Prism 9软件进行统计分析, 组间差异分析采用非配对Student's t检验比较, 数据采用平均值$ \overline{x} $ ± s表示。
作者贡献: 乔晓婷为本文第一作者, 负责化合物的分离、鉴定和文章撰写; 王嘉琪和王晓敏对提取分离和结构鉴定提供了一定帮助; 成欣欣、来美含和王丹负责细胞实验、数据分析及作图; 曹朵负责实验的设计, 对实验中遇到的问题给予指导; 阮彩莲负责相关稿件的修改等工作。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 陕西省自然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0920)
  • 陕西省科协技术学会青年人才托举计划项目(20220321)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0843
  • 接收时间:2024-08-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2024-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-30
  • 修回日期:2024-10-18
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陕西省自然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0920)
陕西省科协技术学会青年人才托举计划项目(20220321)
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    1.延安大学生命科学学院, 陕西省黄土高原资源植物研究与利用省市共建重点实验室, 陕西省区域生物资源保育与利用工程技术研究中心, 陕西 延安 716000
    2.延安大学医学院, 陕西 延安 716000

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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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