Article(id=1198656353708372739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656343151313891, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1240, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698854400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-02, revisedDate=1700150400000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711544682, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1702310400000, pubDateStr=2023-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711544682, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711544682, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711544682, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656343151313891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='12', pageStart='3477', pageEnd='3726', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711542164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711721609, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198657095835943176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656343151313891, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198657095840137481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656343151313891, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3655, endPage=3668, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656354010362647, articleId=1198656353708372739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploration of hapten-induced atopic dermatitis murine models for non-clinical pharmacodynamics study of drugs, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory dermatosis with a variety of clinical manifestations and difficult to cure. Currently, many AD drug candidates have entered the research and development pipeline. In order to provide technical specifications for the clinical development of AD drugs, the Center for Drug Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration released the "Technical Guidelines for Clinical Trials of Drugs for AD Treatment" (Draft for Comments) in November 2022. Non-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation is an important research before the drug enters clinical trials. Oxazolone (OXA)- and 2, 4-dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced models are the most popular classical hapten-induced AD murine models, but variations of modeling are existing in the methods from different studies, including sensitization sites, haptens' dosages, the period of challenges, and the skin lesions severity evaluation as well. In this study, the investigation of OXA- and DNFB-induced AD murine models with various conditions of modeling was performed to compare the characteristics of hapten-induced AD murine models in the pathological process and severity according to the appearance of AD patients, and the guidance of pharmacodynamics evaluation of AD-therapeutic drugs in clinical trials as well, which may provide a proposal for AD treatment drug candidates in the non-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care & Welfare Committee of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval No.: 00007782 and 00007784).
, correspAuthors=Ying GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hao SONG, Chun-zheng WANG, Fan-fan ZHOU, You WU, Ke TANG, Ying GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656356514362271, articleId=1198656353708372739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=探索用于非临床药效学研究的半抗原诱导小鼠特应性皮炎模型, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD) 是一种慢性、复发性、炎症性皮肤病, 临床表现多样且难以治愈。目前多种治疗AD候选药物进入研发管线, 为AD药物临床开发提供技术规范, 国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心于2022年11月发布了《AD治疗药物临床试验技术指导原则》 (征求意见稿)。非临床药效评价是受试药物进入临床试验前的重要研究内容, 噁唑酮(oxazolone, OXA) 和2, 4-二硝基氟苯(2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) 诱导的特应性皮炎小鼠模型是最常用的经典半抗原诱导AD小鼠模型, 但在已有报道中, 半抗原剂量、致敏部位、攻击次数和皮损严重程度评估方法都存在差异。本研究根据特应性皮炎患者病程和病理表现, 结合AD治疗药物临床试验药效学评价要点构建AD小鼠模型, 系统考察并比较不同构建方案(致敏部位、半抗原剂量和攻击次数等) 与皮损指标间的关系, 探索OXA和DNFB两种经典半抗原诱导AD小鼠的病变过程、模型强度和特点, 为治疗AD候选药物的非临床药效学研究提供方法学依据。所有动物实验均经过中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利委员会批准(批准号: 00007782和00007784)。
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9: e104938., articleTitle=7, 8, 4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone attenuates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960224943047145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, awardId=2021-I2M-1-028, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2021-I2M-1-028), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960225052099063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, awardId=2022-I2M-1-014, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2022-I2M-1-014), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960225198899719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, awardId=82204472, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204472), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960225366671890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, awardId=BZ0150, language=CN, fundingSource=新药作用机制与药效评价北京市重点实验室(BZ0150), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960218613842762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218622231371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, companyId=1198960218613842762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218643202892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, companyId=1198960218613842762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 新药作用机制与药效评价北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960222866866406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=P26tYdg3nuhCWSXkb265hA==, figureFileBig=ObyVvi5GgpKnmmfOwNczQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960222967529722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Different doses of DNFB-induced dorsal skin atopic dermatitis of BALB/c mice. A: Schematic diagram of DNFB-induced AD murine model; B: The photos of mice scratching challenged with DNFB; C: Morphology photos of the dorsal skin of the mice induced by different doses of DNFB. The photos were taken by camera (left) and dermatoscope (right) on day 1, and day 8 to day 14; D: Dorsal skin severity score curves (solid symbols with solid line) and body weight curves (hollow symbols with dashed line) of different groups. The results of the statistical analysis on day 14 were shown at the right side of the line chart. The scores of each DNFB dose group were significantly different from those of the solvent group from day 5 onwards (including day 5). n = 10 (solvent group, 0.05% DNFB group, 0.1% DNFB group, and 0.2% DNFB group), n = 9 (0.4% DNFB group), mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001. DNFB: 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzene , figureFileSmall=P26tYdg3nuhCWSXkb265hA==, figureFileBig=ObyVvi5GgpKnmmfOwNczQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223160467724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fucJ9udufZYMbAAwrX9xuA==, figureFileBig=OTkieIgMUm+uEenJ5OrAZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223269519642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Histopathology of dorsal AD-like lesional skin in mice induced by different doses of DNFB. A: H & E staining tissue of dorsal AD-like lesional skin in mice induced by different doses of DNFB. The H & E staining skin tissues (scale bar, 500 μm) were shown on the left panel, and the magnified images (scale bar, 100 μm) annotated by black dashed rectangle were shown on the right. The EPI and DM were marked with yellow solid lines, and the corresponding thicknesses of the marked positions were denoted below the H & E staining; B: TB staining tissue of dorsal AD-like lesional skin in mice induced by different doses of DNFB. The TB staining skin tissues (scale bar, 500 μm) were shown on the left panel, and the magnified images (scale bar, 200 μm) annotated by black dashed rectangle were shown on the right. The EPI, DM, and ST were respectively marked on the right side of magnified image. The dermal mastocytes were annotated by black arrows, and corresponding mastocytes count was denoted below the TB staining. The images of H & E and TB stained tissues from one representative mouse in each group. H & E: Hematoxylin and eosin; EPI: Epidermis; DM: Dermis; TB: Toluidine blue; ST: Subcutaneous tissue , figureFileSmall=fucJ9udufZYMbAAwrX9xuA==, figureFileBig=OTkieIgMUm+uEenJ5OrAZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223370182952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sdFbaMU0dNRc3qCgB7yL/w==, figureFileBig=V/g2HDGC0JzxoKnSfJ8uHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223512789304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
DNFB-induced dorsal skin AD of BALB/c mice with different sensitization locations. A: Schematic diagram of DNFB-induced AD murine model; B: Morphology photos of the dorsal skin of AD mice (left) and dermatoscope (right) before DNFB treatment and on the day after each challenge; C-E: Dorsal skin severity score curves (C), dorsal skin TEWL curves (D), and body weight curves (E) of the AD mice induced by DNFB with sensitization on dorsum (n = 12) or on venter (n = 8), mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001. TEWL: Transepidermal water loss , figureFileSmall=sdFbaMU0dNRc3qCgB7yL/w==, figureFileBig=V/g2HDGC0JzxoKnSfJ8uHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223688950094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dSm1BzydXX0Ku+xuO3yTZA==, figureFileBig=T5tE//60rHG9EK1jZwStcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223818973530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
OXA-induced AD of BALB/c mice with sensitization on different location. A: Schematic diagram of OXA-induced AD murine model; B: The photos of mice scratching challenged with OXA under different sensitization methods; C: ΔEar thickness curves (solid symbols with solid line) and body weight curves (hollow symbols with dashed line) of OXA-induced AD mice with sensitization either on right ear (n = 10) or on dorsum (n = 10). The results of the statistical analysis on day 26 were shown at the right side of the line chart. The Δear thickness of ear sensitization group was more serious than that of dorsum sensitization group from day 8 onwards (including day 8); D: The ear swelling of OXA-induced AD mice with sensitization on different location. Symbols represent individual mice; bars represent mean ± SD; E: H & E staining of the AD-like lesional ear skin in OXA-induced mice with sensitization on different location, and a normal mouse was used as control. The H & E staining ear tissues (scale bar, 200 μm) were shown on the left panel, and the magnified images (scale bar, 100 μm) annotated by black dashed rectangle were shown on the right. The EPI and DM were marked with yellow solid lines, and the corresponding thicknesses of the marked positions were denoted below the H & E staining; F: TB staining of the AD-like lesional ear skin in OXA-induced mice with sensitization on different location, and a normal mouse was used as control. The TB staining ear tissues (scale bar, 200 μm) were shown on the left panel, and the magnified images (scale bar, 100 μm) annotated by black dashed rectangle were shown on the right. The EPI, DM, ST and CT were respectively marked on the right side of magnified image. The dermal mastocytes were annotated by black arrows, and corresponding mastocytes count was denoted below the TB staining. The images of H & E and TB stained tissues from one representative mouse in each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. OXA: Oxazolone; CT: Cartilage tissues , figureFileSmall=dSm1BzydXX0Ku+xuO3yTZA==, figureFileBig=T5tE//60rHG9EK1jZwStcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223953191279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mDEzjCzhqqjxKxobdcBlMg==, figureFileBig=ycUpBxgZtTe7YxsdxTF5VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224062243203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Long term OXA-induced AD of BALB/c mice. A: Schematic diagram of AD murine model induced with OXA long-term treatment; B: ΔEar thickness curves (solid symbols with solid line) and body weight curves (hollow symbols with dashed line) of AD mice induced with OXA long-term treatment. n = 11, mean ± SD; C: H & E staining of the AD-like lesional ear skin, and a normal mouse was used as control. The H & E staining ear tissues (scale bar, 200 μm) were shown on the left panel, and the magnified images (scale bar, 100 μm) annotated by black dashed rectangle were shown on the right. The EPI and DM were marked with yellow solid lines, and the corresponding thicknesses of the marked positions were denoted below the H & E staining; D: TB staining of the AD-like lesional ear skin, and a normal mouse was used as control. The TB staining ear tissues (scale bar, 200 μm) were shown on the left panel, and the magnified images (scale bar, 100 μm) annotated by black dashed rectangle were shown on the right. The EPI, DM, ST, and CT were respectively marked on the right side of magnified image. The dermal mastocytes were annotated by black arrows, and corresponding mastocytes count was denoted below the TB staining. The images of H & E and TB stained tissues from one representative mouse in each group , figureFileSmall=mDEzjCzhqqjxKxobdcBlMg==, figureFileBig=ycUpBxgZtTe7YxsdxTF5VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224179683729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | The sign in lesion skin of AD mice | The sign scored by AD patient scoring instruments |
| EASI[24] | SCORAD[25] | IGA[26-28] |
| 1 | Edema | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Papulation | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| 2 | Erythema | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| 3 | Excoriation | ○ | ○ | |
| Oozing | | ○ | ○ |
| Crust | | ○ | ○ |
| 4 | Lichenification | ○ | ○ | |
| Dryness | | ○ | |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960224364233124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The categories of signs in dorsal lesion skin of AD mice. According to all AD symptoms of patients listed in three clinical AD scoring instruments, EASI, SCORAD (objective part), and IGA, combined with the categories of signs of hapten-induced AD murine models in previous studies[16-23], 8 signs in lesion skin of the AD mice are grouped into 4 scoring categories which is used to quantify the severity of dorsal lesions skin of AD mice. ○ indicates the signs existing in the clinical AD scoring instruments. AD: Atopic dermatitis; EASI: Eczema area and severity index; SCORAD: Scoring atopic dermatitis index; IGA: Investigator's global assessment
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Category | The sign in lesion skin of AD mice | The sign scored by AD patient scoring instruments |
| EASI[24] | SCORAD[25] | IGA[26-28] |
| 1 | Edema | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Papulation | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| 2 | Erythema | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| 3 | Excoriation | ○ | ○ | |
| Oozing | | ○ | ○ |
| Crust | | ○ | ○ |
| 4 | Lichenification | ○ | ○ | |
| Dryness | | ○ | |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960224519422390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Hapten | Sensitization | | Challenge | Experimental test | Stages of AD |
| Site | Dosage | | Site | Dosage | Interval | Time |
| OXA | Ear | 2%, 10 μL | | Ear | 0.2%, 10 μL | Once every other day | 10 | ▪ Ear thickness ▪ Ear swelling ▪ Scratching ▪ Histopathology | More like subacute stage |
| Dorsum | 4%, 50 μL | Once every other day | 10 | Acute |
| Dorsum | 4%, 50 μL | Once every three days | 17 | Chronic |
| DNFB | Dorsum | 0.3%, 50 μL | Dorsum | 0.05% or 0.1%, 50 μL | Once every three days | 3 | ▪ Dermatoscopy ▪ Dermatitis score ▪ TEWL ▪ Scratching ▪ Histopathology | The skin heals faster than the lesions caused by DNFB |
| Dorsum | 0.2%, 50 μL | Acute stage, the skin healing is as fast as the skin damage by DNFB |
| Dorsum | 0.4%, 50 μL | Acute |
| Venter | 0.4%, 50 μL | Acute |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960224662028749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656353708372739, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Summary of OXA- and DNFB-induced AD murine models with various modeling conditions in this study
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Hapten | Sensitization | | Challenge | Experimental test | Stages of AD |
| Site | Dosage | | Site | Dosage | Interval | Time |
| OXA | Ear | 2%, 10 μL | | Ear | 0.2%, 10 μL | Once every other day | 10 | ▪ Ear thickness ▪ Ear swelling ▪ Scratching ▪ Histopathology | More like subacute stage |
| Dorsum | 4%, 50 μL | Once every other day | 10 | Acute |
| Dorsum | 4%, 50 μL | Once every three days | 17 | Chronic |
| DNFB | Dorsum | 0.3%, 50 μL | Dorsum | 0.05% or 0.1%, 50 μL | Once every three days | 3 | ▪ Dermatoscopy ▪ Dermatitis score ▪ TEWL ▪ Scratching ▪ Histopathology | The skin heals faster than the lesions caused by DNFB |
| Dorsum | 0.2%, 50 μL | Acute stage, the skin healing is as fast as the skin damage by DNFB |
| Dorsum | 0.4%, 50 μL | Acute |
| Venter | 0.4%, 50 μL | Acute |
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