Article(id=1198656293876630229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0437, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1681056000000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-10, revisedDate=1691596800000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711530416, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711530416, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711530416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711530416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3439, endPage=3448, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656295348831061, articleId=1198656293876630229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome of Tussilago farfara L., columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tussilago farfara L. is a perennial herb of Tussilago genus in the Compositae family. Its dried buds and leaves have good biological activities and have a long history of medicinal use in China and Europe. In this paper, we investigated the whole chloroplast genome characteristics, sequence duplication, structural variation and phylogeny of the Tussilago farfara L. After sequencing the Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome using Illumination technology, the complete Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome was further obtained by assembly and annotation, followed by a series of inverted repeat-large single copy/small single copy region contraction and expansion analysis, genome sequence variation, etc. The sequences of 13 homologous plants downloaded from NCBI were used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the total GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.4% and the length was 150 300 bp; 125 genes were annotated, including 82 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs; 148 (simple sequence repeats, SSR) loci were detected, and the relative synonymous codon usage showed that 31 codons out of 64 codons had a usage of > 1. In the phylogenetic analysis, the chloroplast genomes of the seven species of Asteraceae, including the Yulin Tussilago farfara L., were highly conserved, and the sequence variation of the (large single-copy, LSC) and (small single-copy, SSC) regions was higher than that of the (inverted repeat, IR) region. This is in general agreement with the reported phylogeny of Yulin Tussilago farfara L. In this study, we obtained a high quality chloroplast genome and analyzed its genome characteristics, codon preference, SSR characteristics, SC/IR boundary, sequence variation and phylogeny, which can provide a basis for species identification, genetic diversity analysis and resource development of this medicinal plant.

, correspAuthors=Liang PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi-yao JING, Ben-xiang HU, Xiao-ying CHEN, Hai-yue JI, Yao LUO, Jia-zhou SHI, Bang-qing WANG, Gang ZHANG, Jing GAO, Bing-yue YANG, Liang PENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656297093660708, articleId=1198656293876630229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=款冬叶绿体基因组序列特征及其系统发育分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

款冬Tussilago farfara L.为菊科植物Compositae款冬属Tussilago多年生草本植物, 其干燥花蕾及叶具有良好的生物活性成分, 在我国及欧洲地区药用历史悠久。本文对款冬全叶绿体基因组特征、序列重复、结构变异和系统发育进行了研究, 利用Illumination技术对款冬叶绿体基因组进行测序后, 进一步通过组装、注释获得了完整的款冬叶绿体基因组, 随后开展了反向重复-大单拷贝/小单拷贝区的收缩和扩张分析、基因组序列变异等一系列的特征分析, 并利用从NCBI下载的13种同科植物序列构建了邻接系统发育树。结果表明, 款冬叶绿体基因组总GC含量为37.4%, 长度为150 300bp; 共注释得到125个基因, 其中包括82个蛋白编码基因、35个tRNA和8个rRNA; 共检测出148个简单重复序列(simple sequence repeats, SSR) 位点, 相对同义密码子使用度显示, 在64种密码子中, 有31种密码子的使用度 > 1, 密码子偏好A/U结尾; 边界分析显示款冬在内的7种菊科植物叶绿体基因组均高度保守大单拷贝(large single-copy, LSC) 区和一个小单拷贝(small single-copy, SSC) 区序列变异高于反向重复(inverted repeat, IR) 区; 系统发育分析中, 样品款冬与已报道的榆林产款冬叶绿体基因组支持率呈100%, 聚为一小支, 并与橐吾属植物复序橐吾、全缘橐吾等构成一个单系分支。本研究获得了高质量的款冬叶绿体全基因组, 并对其基因组特征、密码子偏好性、简单重复序列SSR特性、SC/IR边界、序列变异和系统发育等进行了全面的分析, 可为该药用植物的物种鉴定、遗传多样性分析及资源开发提供依据。

, correspAuthors=彭亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*彭亮, E-mail:
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World Chin Med (世界中医药), 2020, 15: 702-708, 716., articleTitle=Application of chloroplast genome in identification and phylogenetic analysis of medicinal plants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960247189631435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, awardId=82204578, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204578), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960247332237787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, awardId=2021JQ-733, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省科技厅项目(2021JQ-733), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960247550341617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, awardId=201507002, language=CN, fundingSource=公益性行业(中医药) 科研专项经费项目(201507002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960247676170754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, awardId=2020GP06, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西中医药大学校级课题(2020GP06), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960247822971413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, awardId=2019-QN01, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西中医药大学“秦药”品质评价及资源开发学科创新团队项目(2019-QN01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960237567898083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960237580480996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, companyId=1198960237567898083, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Research of Qin medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineerig Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi′an 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960237588869606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, companyId=1198960237567898083, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西省秦岭中草药应用开发工程技术研究中心, "秦药"研发重点实验室, 陕西 西安 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960237714698742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960237723087352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, companyId=1198960237714698742, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi′an 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960237735670265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, companyId=1198960237714698742, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.陕西国际商贸学院, 陕西 西安 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960237853110789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960237861499399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, companyId=1198960237853110789, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Hanzhong Science and Technology Coordination Center, Hanzhong 723000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960237865693705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, companyId=1198960237853110789, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.汉中市科技资源统筹中心, 陕西 汉中 723000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960244698214595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cQW7ArsvWrmKqYTkO6uq+A==, figureFileBig=bu8j4a0zZI7fX0PSr7ns8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960244903735514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Chloroplast genomemap of <i>Tussilago farfara</i> L. , figureFileSmall=cQW7ArsvWrmKqYTkO6uq+A==, figureFileBig=bu8j4a0zZI7fX0PSr7ns8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960245071507688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9mu3RIoEyt0PYvM+LqVxWg==, figureFileBig=JytQFzMEVWBxX8CJ5uagaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960245218308341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The chloroplast genome boundary analysis of seven plants from Compositae , figureFileSmall=9mu3RIoEyt0PYvM+LqVxWg==, figureFileBig=JytQFzMEVWBxX8CJ5uagaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960245398663433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xI2RKo5OIO1eDmiOVUXhXw==, figureFileBig=dP72tKjZIHurkjTTqUHKVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960245608378660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Global alignment analysis of <i>Tussilago farfara</i> L. chloroplast genomes , figureFileSmall=xI2RKo5OIO1eDmiOVUXhXw==, figureFileBig=dP72tKjZIHurkjTTqUHKVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960245742596401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=X1iIzCxSRnu1MIjj6cznYw==, figureFileBig=RVvN4nlc4ZMib3oybo+6kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960245889397058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the whole chloroplast genome sequence , figureFileSmall=X1iIzCxSRnu1MIjj6cznYw==, figureFileBig=RVvN4nlc4ZMib3oybo+6kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960246040392018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Genomic region A/% T/% G/% C/% GC/% Length/bp
IRa 28.6 28.3 20.7 22.3 43.0 24 847
IRb 28.3 28.6 22.3 20.7 43.0 24 839
SSC 35.1 34.3 14.6 16.0 30.6 18 111
LSC 32.1 32.3 18.1 17.5 35.6 82 503
Total amount 31.2 31.3 18.8 18.6 37.4 150 300
), ArticleFig(id=1198960246178804067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Base composition of chloroplast genome in Tussilago farfara L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Genomic region A/% T/% G/% C/% GC/% Length/bp
IRa 28.6 28.3 20.7 22.3 43.0 24 847
IRb 28.3 28.6 22.3 20.7 43.0 24 839
SSC 35.1 34.3 14.6 16.0 30.6 18 111
LSC 32.1 32.3 18.1 17.5 35.6 82 503
Total amount 31.2 31.3 18.8 18.6 37.4 150 300
), ArticleFig(id=1198960246287855980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene group Gene name Number
tRNA trnA-UGC*(2), trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnE-UUC*, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC, trnH-GUG, trnI-GAU*, trnK-UUU*, trnL-CAA(2), trnL-UAA*, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU(4), trnN-GUU(2), trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG(2), trnR-UCU, trnS-CGA*, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC(2), trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA 35
rRNA rrn16S(2), rrn23S(2), rrn4.5S(2), rrn5S(2) 8
Small subunit of ribosome rps11, rps12**(2), rps14, rps15, rps16*, rps18, rps19, rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7(2), rps8 14
Large subunit of ribosome rpl14, rpl16*, rpl2*(2), rpl20, rpl22, rpl23(2), rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 11
RNA polymerase rpoA*, rpoB, rpoC1*, rpoC2 4
NADH dehydrogenase ndhA*, ndhB*(2), ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK 12
Photosystem Ⅰ psaA, psaB, psaC, psaJ 4
Photosystem Ⅱ psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ 14
Cytochrome b/f complex petA, petB*, petD*, petG, petL, petN 6
ATP synthase atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF*, atpH, atpI 6
Large subunit of rubisco rbcL 1
Maturase matK 1
Protease clpP** 1
Envelope membrane protein cemA 1
Subunit of acetyl-carboxylase accD 1
C-type cytochrome synthesis ccsA 1
Translation initiation factor infA 1
Proteins of unknown function ycf2*(2), ycf3**, ycf4 4
Total 125
), ArticleFig(id=1198960246417879411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Annotation information of the chloroplast genomes of Tussilago farfara L. (2): Number of copies of multi-copy genes; *: One intron; **: Two introns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene group Gene name Number
tRNA trnA-UGC*(2), trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnE-UUC*, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC, trnH-GUG, trnI-GAU*, trnK-UUU*, trnL-CAA(2), trnL-UAA*, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU(4), trnN-GUU(2), trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG(2), trnR-UCU, trnS-CGA*, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC(2), trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA 35
rRNA rrn16S(2), rrn23S(2), rrn4.5S(2), rrn5S(2) 8
Small subunit of ribosome rps11, rps12**(2), rps14, rps15, rps16*, rps18, rps19, rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7(2), rps8 14
Large subunit of ribosome rpl14, rpl16*, rpl2*(2), rpl20, rpl22, rpl23(2), rpl32, rpl33, rpl36 11
RNA polymerase rpoA*, rpoB, rpoC1*, rpoC2 4
NADH dehydrogenase ndhA*, ndhB*(2), ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK 12
Photosystem Ⅰ psaA, psaB, psaC, psaJ 4
Photosystem Ⅱ psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ 14
Cytochrome b/f complex petA, petB*, petD*, petG, petL, petN 6
ATP synthase atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF*, atpH, atpI 6
Large subunit of rubisco rbcL 1
Maturase matK 1
Protease clpP** 1
Envelope membrane protein cemA 1
Subunit of acetyl-carboxylase accD 1
C-type cytochrome synthesis ccsA 1
Translation initiation factor infA 1
Proteins of unknown function ycf2*(2), ycf3**, ycf4 4
Total 125
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Codon Amino acid Number Relative synonymous codon usage Codon Amino acid Number Relative synonymous codon usage
GCA Ala 685 1.12 CCA Pro 522 1.21
GCC Ala 398 0.65 CCC Pro 297 0.69
GCG Ala 282 0.46 CCG Pro 281 0.65
GCU Ala 1 070 1.76 CCU Pro 632 1.46
UGC Cys 186 0.66 CAA Gln 1 109 1.50
UGU Cys 378 1.34 CAG Gln 369 0.50
GAC Asp 326 0.43 AGA Arg 828 1.88
GAU Asp 1 174 1.57 AGG Arg 315 0.71
GAA Glu 1 483 1.52 CGA Arg 566 1.28
GAG Glu 475 0.49 CGC Arg 157 0.36
UUC Phe 892 0.71 CGG Arg 207 0.47
UUU Phe 1 631 1.29 CGU Arg 573 1.30
GGA Gly 1 140 1.51 AGC Ser 249 0.43
GGC Gly 372 0.49 AGU Ser 654 1.14
GGG Gly 547 0.72 UCA Ser 732 1.28
GGU Gly 967 1.28 UCC Ser 507 0.88
CAC His 296 0.57 UCG Ser 325 0.57
CAU His 746 1.43 UCU Ser 973 1.70
AUA Ile 1 141 0.91 ACA Thr 662 1.23
AUC Ile 811 0.65 ACC Thr 418 0.78
AUU Ile 1 811 1.44 ACG Thr 214 0.40
AAA Lys 1 537 1.47 ACU Thr 862 1.60
AAG Lys 553 0.53 GUA Val 861 1.48
CUA Leu 573 0.80 GUC Val 305 0.53
CUC Leu 309 0.43 GUG Val 307 0.53
CUG Leu 272 0.38 GUU Val 847 1.46
CUU Leu 915 1.28 UGG Trp 805 1.00
UUA Leu 1 298 1.82 UAC Tyr 354 0.44
UUG Leu 918 1.29 UAU Tyr 1 261 1.56
AUG Met 1 029 1.00 UAA Stop* 312 1.01
AAC Asn 489 0.54 UAG Stop* 252 0.82
AAU Asn 1 336 1.46 UGA Stop* 362 1.17
), ArticleFig(id=1198960246656954765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Codon usage in Tussilago farfara L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Codon Amino acid Number Relative synonymous codon usage Codon Amino acid Number Relative synonymous codon usage
GCA Ala 685 1.12 CCA Pro 522 1.21
GCC Ala 398 0.65 CCC Pro 297 0.69
GCG Ala 282 0.46 CCG Pro 281 0.65
GCU Ala 1 070 1.76 CCU Pro 632 1.46
UGC Cys 186 0.66 CAA Gln 1 109 1.50
UGU Cys 378 1.34 CAG Gln 369 0.50
GAC Asp 326 0.43 AGA Arg 828 1.88
GAU Asp 1 174 1.57 AGG Arg 315 0.71
GAA Glu 1 483 1.52 CGA Arg 566 1.28
GAG Glu 475 0.49 CGC Arg 157 0.36
UUC Phe 892 0.71 CGG Arg 207 0.47
UUU Phe 1 631 1.29 CGU Arg 573 1.30
GGA Gly 1 140 1.51 AGC Ser 249 0.43
GGC Gly 372 0.49 AGU Ser 654 1.14
GGG Gly 547 0.72 UCA Ser 732 1.28
GGU Gly 967 1.28 UCC Ser 507 0.88
CAC His 296 0.57 UCG Ser 325 0.57
CAU His 746 1.43 UCU Ser 973 1.70
AUA Ile 1 141 0.91 ACA Thr 662 1.23
AUC Ile 811 0.65 ACC Thr 418 0.78
AUU Ile 1 811 1.44 ACG Thr 214 0.40
AAA Lys 1 537 1.47 ACU Thr 862 1.60
AAG Lys 553 0.53 GUA Val 861 1.48
CUA Leu 573 0.80 GUC Val 305 0.53
CUC Leu 309 0.43 GUG Val 307 0.53
CUG Leu 272 0.38 GUU Val 847 1.46
CUU Leu 915 1.28 UGG Trp 805 1.00
UUA Leu 1 298 1.82 UAC Tyr 354 0.44
UUG Leu 918 1.29 UAU Tyr 1 261 1.56
AUG Met 1 029 1.00 UAA Stop* 312 1.01
AAC Asn 489 0.54 UAG Stop* 252 0.82
AAU Asn 1 336 1.46 UGA Stop* 362 1.17
), ArticleFig(id=1198960246795366812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SSR type Repeat type Number Proportion/%
Mono A/T 123 83.11
C/G 2 1.35
Di AT/AT 8 5.41
Tri AAG/CTT 1 0.68
AAT/ATT 3 2.03
ATC/ATG 1 0.68
Tetra AAAG/CTTT 1 0.68
AAAT/ATTT 3 2.03
AACT/AGTT 1 0.68
AATC/ATTG 1 0.68
AATT/AATT 2 1.35
AGAT/ATCT 1 0.68
Penta AATTC/AATTG 1 0.68
), ArticleFig(id=1198960246921195947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656293876630229, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

Types and amounts of SSRs in the chloroplast genomes of the Tussilago farfara L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SSR type Repeat type Number Proportion/%
Mono A/T 123 83.11
C/G 2 1.35
Di AT/AT 8 5.41
Tri AAG/CTT 1 0.68
AAT/ATT 3 2.03
ATC/ATG 1 0.68
Tetra AAAG/CTTT 1 0.68
AAAT/ATTT 3 2.03
AACT/AGTT 1 0.68
AATC/ATTG 1 0.68
AATT/AATT 2 1.35
AGAT/ATCT 1 0.68
Penta AATTC/AATTG 1 0.68
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款冬叶绿体基因组序列特征及其系统发育分析
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净易尧 1 , 胡本祥 1, 2 , 陈晓颖 1 , 姬海月 1, 2 , 罗瑶 1 , 史嘉周 1 , 王帮庆 3 , 张岗 1 , 高静 1 , 杨冰月 1 , 彭亮 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3439-3448
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3439-3448
款冬叶绿体基因组序列特征及其系统发育分析
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净易尧1, 胡本祥1, 2, 陈晓颖1, 姬海月1, 2, 罗瑶1, 史嘉周1, 王帮庆3, 张岗1, 高静1, 杨冰月1, 彭亮1, *
作者信息
  • 1.陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西省秦岭中草药应用开发工程技术研究中心, "秦药"研发重点实验室, 陕西 西安 712046
  • 2.陕西国际商贸学院, 陕西 西安 712046
  • 3.汉中市科技资源统筹中心, 陕西 汉中 723000

通讯作者:

*彭亮, E-mail:
Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome of Tussilago farfara L.
Yi-yao JING1, Ben-xiang HU1, 2, Xiao-ying CHEN1, Hai-yue JI1, 2, Yao LUO1, Jia-zhou SHI1, Bang-qing WANG3, Gang ZHANG1, Jing GAO1, Bing-yue YANG1, Liang PENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory for Research of Qin medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineerig Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi′an 712046, China
  • 2. Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi′an 712046, China
  • 3. Hanzhong Science and Technology Coordination Center, Hanzhong 723000, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0437
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款冬Tussilago farfara L.为菊科植物Compositae款冬属Tussilago多年生草本植物, 其干燥花蕾及叶具有良好的生物活性成分, 在我国及欧洲地区药用历史悠久。本文对款冬全叶绿体基因组特征、序列重复、结构变异和系统发育进行了研究, 利用Illumination技术对款冬叶绿体基因组进行测序后, 进一步通过组装、注释获得了完整的款冬叶绿体基因组, 随后开展了反向重复-大单拷贝/小单拷贝区的收缩和扩张分析、基因组序列变异等一系列的特征分析, 并利用从NCBI下载的13种同科植物序列构建了邻接系统发育树。结果表明, 款冬叶绿体基因组总GC含量为37.4%, 长度为150 300bp; 共注释得到125个基因, 其中包括82个蛋白编码基因、35个tRNA和8个rRNA; 共检测出148个简单重复序列(simple sequence repeats, SSR) 位点, 相对同义密码子使用度显示, 在64种密码子中, 有31种密码子的使用度 > 1, 密码子偏好A/U结尾; 边界分析显示款冬在内的7种菊科植物叶绿体基因组均高度保守大单拷贝(large single-copy, LSC) 区和一个小单拷贝(small single-copy, SSC) 区序列变异高于反向重复(inverted repeat, IR) 区; 系统发育分析中, 样品款冬与已报道的榆林产款冬叶绿体基因组支持率呈100%, 聚为一小支, 并与橐吾属植物复序橐吾、全缘橐吾等构成一个单系分支。本研究获得了高质量的款冬叶绿体全基因组, 并对其基因组特征、密码子偏好性、简单重复序列SSR特性、SC/IR边界、序列变异和系统发育等进行了全面的分析, 可为该药用植物的物种鉴定、遗传多样性分析及资源开发提供依据。

款冬  /  菊科植物  /  叶绿体基因组  /  序列分析  /  系统发育

Tussilago farfara L. is a perennial herb of Tussilago genus in the Compositae family. Its dried buds and leaves have good biological activities and have a long history of medicinal use in China and Europe. In this paper, we investigated the whole chloroplast genome characteristics, sequence duplication, structural variation and phylogeny of the Tussilago farfara L. After sequencing the Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome using Illumination technology, the complete Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome was further obtained by assembly and annotation, followed by a series of inverted repeat-large single copy/small single copy region contraction and expansion analysis, genome sequence variation, etc. The sequences of 13 homologous plants downloaded from NCBI were used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the total GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.4% and the length was 150 300 bp; 125 genes were annotated, including 82 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs; 148 (simple sequence repeats, SSR) loci were detected, and the relative synonymous codon usage showed that 31 codons out of 64 codons had a usage of > 1. In the phylogenetic analysis, the chloroplast genomes of the seven species of Asteraceae, including the Yulin Tussilago farfara L., were highly conserved, and the sequence variation of the (large single-copy, LSC) and (small single-copy, SSC) regions was higher than that of the (inverted repeat, IR) region. This is in general agreement with the reported phylogeny of Yulin Tussilago farfara L. In this study, we obtained a high quality chloroplast genome and analyzed its genome characteristics, codon preference, SSR characteristics, SC/IR boundary, sequence variation and phylogeny, which can provide a basis for species identification, genetic diversity analysis and resource development of this medicinal plant.

Tussilago farfara L.  /  Compositae  /  chloroplast genome  /  sequence analysis  /  phylogeny
净易尧, 胡本祥, 陈晓颖, 姬海月, 罗瑶, 史嘉周, 王帮庆, 张岗, 高静, 杨冰月, 彭亮. 款冬叶绿体基因组序列特征及其系统发育分析. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3439 -3448 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0437
Yi-yao JING, Ben-xiang HU, Xiao-ying CHEN, Hai-yue JI, Yao LUO, Jia-zhou SHI, Bang-qing WANG, Gang ZHANG, Jing GAO, Bing-yue YANG, Liang PENG. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome of Tussilago farfara L.[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3439 -3448 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0437
款冬Tussilago farfara L.系菊科Compositae款冬属Tussilago多年生草本植物, 乃单属单种。款冬的花蕾和叶片具有止咳、润肺、化痰等作用, 在欧洲和我国传统中医药学中广泛用于治疗呼吸道疾病[1]。2020版《中华人民共和国药典》规定, 款冬的干燥花蕾为其入药部位。款冬花临床多用其蜜炙品, 具有解毒的作用[2]。迄今, 已从款冬花和叶中分离和鉴定出约150种化合物, 包括倍半萜类化合物、三萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物、酚酸、生物碱等[3], 具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌等多种药理活性[4], 临床多用于治疗咳喘痰多、劳嗽咳血以及咳嗽等症状[5], 具有极高的药用和经济价值。
同时, 款冬作为一种蜜源植物, 广泛分布在中国各地的药用苗圃、山谷、湿地和森林中[6]。在我国, 款冬野生资源主产于东北、华北、西北等地区; 国外地区则主要分布在印度、伊朗、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、西欧等地区。目前, 款冬花商品多为栽培品, 甘肃、陕西、山西等地为主产区[7]。据报道, 2020年甘肃省款冬花产量达1 100吨, 占全国总产量的70%~80%[8]。款冬花现代研究则多集中于质量评价[8]、化学成分[9]、药理作用[10]等方面, 关于其种质资源及遗传信息的研究较少, 仅见1篇关于榆林地区款冬的叶绿体基因组报道, 尚缺乏其密码子偏好、简单重复序列(simple sequence repeats, SSR)、边界分析和基因组序列变异等系统的叶绿体基因组分析。
叶绿体是植物和藻类中的细胞器, 在植物细胞功能中发挥着重要作用, 包括在光合作用、固碳和应激反应方面[11]。而叶绿体基因组是一种双链圆形DNA分子, 具有保守的四分体结构, 包括一个大单拷贝区域(large single-copy, LSC)、一个小单拷贝区域(small single-copy, SSC) 和一对反向重复区域(inverted repeat, IR)[12]。作为绿色植物特有的半自主型细胞器, 叶绿体拥有源于母系遗传的独立基因组。相比于核基因组, 叶绿体基因组结构稳定, 具有分子进化速率适宜、序列高度保守、基因密集度高等优点[13], 可为高等植物的物种形成、种质资源的遗传多样性以及基因工程等研究提供了重要的理论依据。随着小基因组高通量测序技术的发展以及序列解析方法的开发, 目前已有药用萹蓄[14]、毛重楼[15]、桃儿七[16]等多种植物的叶绿体基因组被先后报道, 为药用植物的分类、鉴定和资源开发提供了有效的技术手段。
基于此, 本研究用高通量测序技术, 以款冬花主产区甘肃省定西市陇西县的栽培种款冬为原材料, 对款冬叶绿体开展了全基因组测序、组装、注释及序列变异和结构特征解析; 同时, 选取菊科13种植物与款冬进行系统发育分析, 对其亲缘关系进行分析与比较, 以期为款冬后期的资源开发与利用、系统发育及物种鉴定等研究奠定理论基础。
材料  款冬样品采自甘肃省定西市陇西县, 经陕西中医药大学胡本祥教授鉴定为菊科款冬Tussilago farfara L., 取款冬的新鲜叶片, 液氮速冻, 存于-80 ℃冰箱, 用于DNA提取。植物凭证样本保存于陕西中医药大学标本馆(TF20211201)。
基因组DNA提取与测序  取新鲜款冬液氮冷冻, 研磨后存于-80 ℃环境。通过改良的CTAB方法分离cpDNA[17]。采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量。本项目拟采用超声技术对全基因组进行处理, 通过末端修复、加A尾、加测序接头、纯化、PCR扩增等方法[18], 构建文库, 并通过Illumina高通量测序平台HiSeq X Ten测序[19], 获得序列原始数据。数据分析之前, 对Reads进行质量控制。质控后得到的高质量的Clean Data, 以FASTQ格式提供。
叶绿体全基因组序列组拼接与注释  选取SPAdes进行拼接。处理完后的高质量Clean Data使用SPAdes v3.11.1[20]拼接软件对优化序列进行多个Kmer参数的拼接, 长度设置为107、117和127。后使用软件Spades对叶绿体的Reads进行组装。使用在线网站CHLOROBOX[21]对组装好的叶绿体基因组进行时注释, 并以已发表的款冬叶绿体基因组序列[22] (GenBank登录号: MK756018) 为参考。使用OGDRAW软件[23]绘制叶绿体全基因组图谱。最终注释的叶绿体基因组存放在GenBank中, 登录号为OQ029303。
叶绿体基因组特征分析  为消除氨基酸组成对密码子使用的影响, 采用MEGA11[24]分析了同义密码子使用量、相对同义密码子使用值、碱基组成和密码子含量的变化特征。由于重复序列的插入、重排或缺失都会影响叶绿体基因组的长度和顺序, 且对叶绿体基因组进化方面有很重要的作用, 利用REPuter软件[25] (https://bibiserv.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/reputer) 检测叶绿体全基因组序列中的分散重复序列, 参数设置为最小重复序列长度= 30 bp, 重复序列间的相似度 > 90%。串联重复序列利用Tandem repeats finder软件[26] (https://tandem.bu.edu/trf/trf.html) 进行检测, 参数设置选择默认值。使用SSRHunter软件(http://www.biosoft.net) 鉴定cp基因组中的简单序列重复序列[27, 28]。参数设置为单核苷酸至六核苷酸8、5、4、3、3、3。SC/IR边界使用IRSCOPE[29]进行作图分析。通过mVISTA[30] (https://genome.lbl.gov/vista/mvista/submit.shtml) 做全基因组对比, 分析时勾选全局对比, 以已公布的另一款冬叶绿体基因组做参考, 对菊科7种叶绿体基因组序列做同源性对比分析。
系统发育分析  从NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) 下载菊科橐吾属植物复序橐吾Ligularia jaluensis (NC 039383)、蹄叶橐吾Ligularia fischeri (NC 039352)、无缨橐吾Ligularia biceps (OK 448480)、狭苞橐吾Ligularia intermedia (NC 039382)、全缘橐吾Ligularia mongolica (MF 539932)、兔儿伞属植物兔儿伞Syneilesis aconitifolia (NC 061374)、千里木属植物矮千里木Dendrosenecio keniensis (NC 036832)、埃尔贡千里木Dendrosenecio elgonensis (MK 756018)、款冬Tussilago farfara L (OQ029303)、已发表款冬属植物款冬(MW760850)、向日葵属植物向日葵Helianthus anuus (NC 007977)、银胶菊属植物银胶菊Parthenium argentatm (GU 120098), 同时选取忍冬属植物忍冬Lonicera japonica (NC 026839) 为外类群, 共13个物种完整的叶绿体基因组序列, 利用MAFFT version 7软件进行序列多重比对, 输出注释好的文件, 检查所得结果并进行校验; 采用邻接法分析系统演化关系。用MEGA11软件生成系统发育树, 自展值[31]设为1 000。
款冬叶绿体基因组图(图 1) 显示, 款冬叶绿体基因组结构为典型的4分结构, 双链环状, 由一段大的单拷贝区和一段小的单拷贝区, 以及两段序列相同、方向相反的两个反向重复区(IRa和IRb) 组成。款冬的叶绿体基因组全长为150 300 bp, GC值为37.44%, LSC、SSC和IR序列的长度分别为82 503、18 111、24 847 bp (表 1)。其中LSC、SSC区域的GC含量分别为35.6%和30.6%, 但IR区域的GC含量则为43.0%。基因注释结果表示, 款冬叶绿体基因组共有125个基因得到注释, 有与植物光合作用相关的基因、与自我复制相关的基因, 以及一些功能未知的基因。其中包含有35个tRNA、8个rRNA以及25个核糖体蛋白大小亚基基因。部分基因存在拷贝, 如表 2所示。其中存在1个内含子的基因有19个, 存在2个内含子的基因是clpPycf3
款冬共由64条蛋白编码, 总长为71 701 bp, GC含量为38.39%, 共有43 158个密码子参与。除终止密码子外, 20种氨基酸由其他密码子编码而来。其中亮氨酸使用最为频繁, 其次是异亮氨酸, 半胱氨酸使用次数最少, 其数量分别为4 285 (9.93%), 3 763 (8.72%), 564 (1.31%)。密码子偏好性(relative synonymous codon usage, RSCU) 分析结果表明, 在所示的64种密码子中, 有31种密码子的RSCU > 1, 占总量的65.37%, 其中28种以A/U结尾, 3种以G/C结尾(表 3)。
共检测到32个同时满足长度不小于30 bp且重复序列间相似度大于90%两个条件的散在重复序列, 包括19个回文重复和13个正向重复, 其长度范围为30~50 bp。检测到25条长度范围为9~27 bp的串联重复序列。串联重复序列在4个区域均有分布, 其中, LSC区有12条, 重复次数均为2次, SSC区有5条, 重复次数依次为2、1、3、2和2次, 两个IR区各4条, 重复次数分别为5、1、2和2次。
在款冬叶绿体基因组中鉴定到五种类型的核苷酸重复序列, 分别为单、二、三、四、五核苷酸重复序列, SSRs位点共148个, 其中单、二、三、四、五核苷酸数量分别为125、8、5、9、1 (表 4), 以单核苷酸重复次数最多, 占83.11%。单核苷酸主要由A和T组成, 表明在碱基形成过程中A和T被频繁使用。
从NCBI上选择已发布的7种菊科植物叶绿体基因组进行SC/IR边界分析(图 2), 图中顺序依次为款冬、矮千里木、埃尔贡千里木、兔儿伞、全缘橐吾、狭苞橐吾和无缨橐吾。结果表示, 菊科植物叶绿体基因组有4个边界。如图所示, 7种植物的JLB (LSC/IRb) 均位于rps19基因编码区内, 且向IRb区有60~62 bp的扩张。在JSB (IRb/SSC) 区, 款冬有ycf1基因缺失, JSB边界位于trnNndhF基因之间; 矮千里木和埃尔贡千里木的JSB边界处于ycf1基因内, 基因在SSC区域内的长度都为4 518 bp, 且都向IRb区扩张了568 bp; 兔儿伞的ndhF基因向IRb扩张了1 bp; 全缘橐吾和狭苞橐吾的JSB边界在ycf1ndhF基因之间; 无缨橐吾的边界在ycf1基因内, 向SSC区扩张16 bp; 款冬的JSA (SSC/IRa) 边界位于rps15trnN之间; 矮千里木和埃尔贡千里木的JSA边界处于ycf1基因内, 且都向SSC区域扩张9 bp; 兔儿伞、全缘橐吾、狭苞橐吾和无缨橐吾的JSA边界处于ycf1基因内, 向IRa区扩张了578~594 bp。在JLA (IRa/LSC) 的边界处, 7种植物均有trnH基因, 除全缘橐吾和狭苞橐吾边界处于rps19trnH基因之间, 其他植物的边界均处于rpl2trnH基因之间。
以上分析结果可以看出, 菊科植物叶绿体基因组的IR边界区中存在一定的差异, 但总体来说, IR区的收缩与扩张幅度较小, 叶绿体基因组较为保守。
以登录号为MK756018的榆林产款冬叶绿体基因组作注释, 结合边界分析图, 选取样品款冬、矮千里木、埃尔贡千里木、兔儿伞、全缘橐吾、狭苞橐吾、无缨橐吾这7种植物使用mVISTA在线工具进行叶绿体基因组全序列对比分析(图 3)。7种菊科植物叶绿体基因组的基因区间组成较为一致, 差异性较小。从四大区段来看, LSC区差异性最大, 变异程度最高, 而IRa区则差异性最小, 最为保守。从非基因编码区和基因编码区来看, 非基因编码区变异程度较高, 基因编码区较为保守, 但在ycf1ycf2ycf3ndhFndhD等基因编码区变异程度较大, 存在显著差异。
根据本研究中的款冬(OQ29303) 序列, 选择已发表的菊科植物为内类群, 来自川续断目忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬的叶绿体基因组作为外类群, 采用邻接法(NJ法) 构建了13种植物的系统发育树。结果表明, 12种植物互相之间支持率均达100%, 与忍冬区分开来; 样品款冬花与已报道的榆林款冬聚为一支, 支持率100%; 复序橐吾、蹄叶橐吾、无缨橐吾、狭苞橐吾、全缘橐吾与兔儿伞可聚为次级单系分支; 除复序橐吾、蹄叶橐吾和无缨橐吾这两个节点的支持率分别为90%和83%, 其他节点支持率均为100%; 款冬组与橐吾组构成姐妹类群; 矮千里木、埃尔贡千里木聚为一支, 向日葵与银胶菊聚为一支, 两支再聚为一支, 与所测样品款冬亲缘关系支持率均为100% (图 4)。
款冬花药用历史悠久, 始载于《神农本草经》, 是我国常用的中药材之一, 具有润肺下气、止咳化痰的功效, 临床主要用于治疗咳喘痰多、新久咳嗽等症状[32]。在新型冠状病毒防疫期间, 作为中药汤剂清肺排毒汤中的主要药材, 款冬花对肺炎患者起到了至关重要的作用[33]。现代研究[4]发现, 款冬花不仅有止咳平喘的作用, 更有抗炎、抗过敏等药理活性, 遗传信息研究方面虽报道有一个榆林产款冬的叶绿体基因组, 但并未说明是野生还是栽培品种, 同时也未对基因组密码子偏好、SSR、边界分析和基因组序列变异等系统的叶绿体基因组分析。本文以款冬花商品主产区甘肃省定西市陇西县的栽培种款冬为研究对象, 对款冬叶绿体基因组进行测序、组装和注释, 并对其结构、GC含量等进行了分析, 获得了款冬的全叶绿体基因组序列。结果表明, 样品款冬叶绿体基因组为典型的4分环状结构, 保守性好, 长度为150 300 bp, 包含LSC区域(82 503 bp), SSC区域(18 111 bp), 一对IR序列区域(24 847 bp); 基因组GC含量为37.4%。已发表的榆林产款冬叶绿体基因组长度则为151 325 bp; LSC区域(83 370 bp), SSC区域(18 273 bp), 一对IR序列区域(24 841 bp), 基因组总GC含量为37.4%[22], 从所测数据来看, 两者差异小, 结构相似。样品款冬叶绿体基因组LSC、SSC和IR区分别占基因组长度的35.6%、30.6%和43.0%; 共编码到125个基因, 其中含有一个内含子的有19个, 含有两个内含子的有2个, 分别为clpPycf3基因, 而在其他植物叶绿体基因组的研究中也发现ycf3clpP基因含有多个内含子, 可能是因为ycf3基因需要在光系统Ⅱ复合体中积累, 而额外的内含子可能有利于光合作用的进行, clpP在蛋白质代谢调控过程中发挥着巨大的作用, 额外的内含子可能有利于蛋白质代谢调控[34-36]。款冬叶绿体基因组大小、结构和组成与已发表的菊科植物结构呈高度相似, 证明菊科植物在进化过程中保守发育[37]
密码子是生物体中连接氨基酸、蛋白质和遗传物质的重要核心元素, 其偏好使用的研究为蛋白质表达及其相应功能的研究提供了可靠的信息[38]。从款冬叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性来看, 其偏好性最大的密码子为AGA, 64种密码子中有31种密码子RSCU > 1, 且RSCU > 1的密码子多数以A/U结尾, 类似结果在紫花地丁等植物中均有体现, 这可能与叶绿体基因组AT含量高的原因有关[39]。长重复序列是导致叶绿体基因组结构变异的重要因素, 款冬的长重复序列中有19个回文重复和13个正向重复、25个串联重复序列为款冬的分子鉴定、物种演化、群体遗传学研究等方面提供了候选分子标记[40]简单序列重复, 也称为微卫星, 主要存在于基因外部和基因非编码区, 目前多用于群体遗传学研究的分子标记中[41]。款冬叶绿体基因组中, 检测出的SSRs共有148个, 其中以单核苷酸重复居多, 为125个; 其次为四核苷酸, 为9个; 五核苷酸最少, 只有1个。这些检测到的SSRs可为款冬后续在遗传学研究中提供分子标记, 作为其物种和产地鉴别的有力工具[42]。此外, 对7种菊科植物的叶绿体基因组的IR/SC边界进行分析发现, SSC/IR边界区域差异性较大, LSC/IR区域差异变化小, 但总体来说, 整个基因组仍然较为保守。
为了进一步基于款冬叶绿体基因组获得与近源种的进化关系, 探讨分类地位, 本文选取了12种菊科植物与款冬(OQ029303) 叶绿体基因组进行系统发育分析并构建了进化树。结果显示, 样品款冬与已报道的榆林产款冬以100%支持率聚为一支, 均与橐吾属植物聚为一个姐妹分支; 样品款冬除复序橐吾、蹄叶橐吾和无缨橐吾这两个节点的支持率为90%、83%外, 其他节点均为100%, 证明样品款冬与所选菊科植物亲缘关系好。所构建的系统发育树阐明了款冬与菊科其他植物的系统发育关系, 也表明其可能用作款冬物种和产区鉴别的超级条形码[43], 佐证了叶绿体基因组数据在提高系统发育分辨率方面的潜力。
本研究获得了款冬花主产区基原植物款冬的高质量叶绿体基因组, 丰富了款冬的遗传信息资源。同时, 对款冬的叶绿体基因组进行了系统分析与总结, 揭示了其密码子偏好、SSR、边界和基因组序列变异特征, 获得了款冬与其他菊科物种之间的亲缘关系, 为药用植物款冬的种质资源筛选、鉴定、保存及遗传多样性分析提供了分子证据。
作者贡献: 净易尧是本研究的执行人, 并参与论文撰写; 陈晓颖、姬海月、罗瑶、史嘉周参与数据整理及论文初稿的撰写; 胡本祥参与款冬鉴定工作; 张岗、王帮庆、高静、杨冰月参与实验设计和实验结果的分析; 彭亮是项目的构思者及负责人, 指导实验设计、数据分析、论文写作与修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204578)
  • 陕西省科技厅项目(2021JQ-733)
  • 公益性行业(中医药) 科研专项经费项目(201507002)
  • 陕西中医药大学校级课题(2020GP06)
  • 陕西中医药大学“秦药”品质评价及资源开发学科创新团队项目(2019-QN01)
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2023年第58卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0437
  • 接收时间:2023-04-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-10
  • 修回日期:2023-08-10
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204578)
陕西省科技厅项目(2021JQ-733)
公益性行业(中医药) 科研专项经费项目(201507002)
陕西中医药大学校级课题(2020GP06)
陕西中医药大学“秦药”品质评价及资源开发学科创新团队项目(2019-QN01)
作者信息
    1.陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西省秦岭中草药应用开发工程技术研究中心, "秦药"研发重点实验室, 陕西 西安 712046
    2.陕西国际商贸学院, 陕西 西安 712046
    3.汉中市科技资源统筹中心, 陕西 汉中 723000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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