Article(id=1198656291347464777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1694620800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-14, revisedDate=1696694400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711529814, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711529814, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711529814, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711529814, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3400, endPage=3407, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656291724952160, articleId=1198656291347464777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Bioorthogonal click-to-release reaction for regulating iodo-BODIPY PDT probe, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we synthesized six tetrazine-dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY) probes and achieved a remarkable up to 14-fold increase in singlet oxygen yield via tetrazine bioorthogonal click-to-release reactions. We systematically investigated the photodynamic activity of these probes, revealing crucial structure-activity relationships. Additionally, we evaluated the stability and release kinetics of these probes and identified P5 and P6 as ideal candidates for photodynamic therapy in live cells. This innovative strategy opens new avenues for fine-tuning the photodynamic properties of BODIPY dyes, thereby expanding their utility in cancer therapy.

, correspAuthors=Wei SHI, Hao-xing WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-yu YU, Jie LI, Yue LI, Ya-yue WANG, Wei SHI, Hao-xing WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656292983243467, articleId=1198656291347464777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=生物正交点击-释放反应对碘代氟硼荧光动力探针的调控研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文合成构建了六种四嗪-氟硼荧(dipyrromethene boron difluoride, BODIPY) 探针, 并通过四嗪生物正交点击-释放反应实现了对探针单线态氧产率的高达14倍的调控, 通过研究探针中不同四嗪取代基结构、meso-位不同羧基类型的探针光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy, PDT) 性质, 揭示了构效关系。通过对探针的稳定性和释放效率的筛选, 获得了适用于活细胞应用的光动力探针P5P6。该策略对四嗪及BODIPY官能团具有良好兼容性, 扩大了四嗪生物正交点击-释放反应的应用范围, 为BODIPY光动力探针的单线态氧产率调控提供了新思路。

, correspAuthors=石维, 吴昊星, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吴昊星, Tel/Fax: 86-28-65261615, E-mail: ;
石维, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XocBUzqDsZ7cytwFBuAFbA==, magXml=59UcPqUasobe+y9sYn6Zlg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sKkOL8iGFzhxrlUyaUDZRQ==, pdfFileSize=1940124, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pm01L0g/f7lkQtQiuXMfhg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rdqKoUUNGqIHvior5/cf3Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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A: Determination of the stability of <strong>P1-P6</strong> in MeCN/PBS (1∶1) at 37 ℃; B: Determination of the stability of <strong>P5</strong>, <strong>P6</strong> in MeCN/DMEM (1∶1) at 37 ℃; C: Determination of the reaction release efficiency of 4e-TCO with <strong>P5</strong>, <strong>P6</strong> in MeCN/PBS (1∶3) at 37 ℃ , figureFileSmall=Vx/NpKFFt6uo9U6COlQppA==, figureFileBig=dyeG/QfDpGTbrkYOlik/gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960241720262779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656291347464777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lwQS3yDnrLyxWFH+DNNKCQ==, figureFileBig=lwY7E1h5L9jPmTUPiICgPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960241854480521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656291347464777, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Determination of drak cytotoxicity of <strong>P5</strong> and <strong>P6</strong> with or without TCO-TPP (A), evalutation of the cytotoxicity of <strong>P5</strong> (B), <strong>P6</strong> (C) with or without TCO-TPP under varying intensities and molecular structure of TCO-TPP (D) , figureFileSmall=lwQS3yDnrLyxWFH+DNNKCQ==, figureFileBig=lwY7E1h5L9jPmTUPiICgPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960241971921044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656291347464777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Probe λab/nm λem/nm εa×104 Δλb/nm
P1 553 585 2.81 32
P2 699 750 9.70 51
P3 695 753 6.78 58
P4 694 750 3.07 56
P5 531 552 8.62 21
P6 535 556 4.75 21
), ArticleFig(id=1198960242122916001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656291347464777, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Photophysical properties of BODIPY-tetrazine photodynamic probes. aL·mol-1·cm-1; bStokes shift

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Probe λab/nm λem/nm εa×104 Δλb/nm
P1 553 585 2.81 32
P2 699 750 9.70 51
P3 695 753 6.78 58
P4 694 750 3.07 56
P5 531 552 8.62 21
P6 535 556 4.75 21
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Probe ФΔ Κ/s-1
RBa 0.390 0 0.007 9
MBb 0.490 0 0.016 3
P1c 0.030 0 0.000 7
P1 + TCOc 0.423 3 0.008 2
P2d 0.109 5 0.003 4
P2 + TCOd 0.460 3 0.014 7
P3d 0.093 0 0.002 8
P3 + TCOd 0.703 8 0.020 0
P4d 0.091 4 0.002 6
P4 + TCOd 0.573 0 0.015 9
P5c 0.143 6 0.002 9
P5 + TCOc 0.607 8 0.012 1
P6d 0.359 2 0.002 9
P6 + TCOd 0.507 3 0.004 3
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Singlet oxygen yield of BODIPY-tetrazine photodynamic probes. TCO: trans-Cyclooctene. aDMF, ФΔRB = 0.39; bEtOH, ФΔMB = 0.49; cDMF, 1O2 generation was determined by 1, 3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) decomposition under irradiation at 520 nm, 5 mW·cm-2; dDMF, 1O2 generation was determined by DPBF decomposition under irradiation at 660 nm, 5 mW·cm-2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Probe ФΔ Κ/s-1
RBa 0.390 0 0.007 9
MBb 0.490 0 0.016 3
P1c 0.030 0 0.000 7
P1 + TCOc 0.423 3 0.008 2
P2d 0.109 5 0.003 4
P2 + TCOd 0.460 3 0.014 7
P3d 0.093 0 0.002 8
P3 + TCOd 0.703 8 0.020 0
P4d 0.091 4 0.002 6
P4 + TCOd 0.573 0 0.015 9
P5c 0.143 6 0.002 9
P5 + TCOc 0.607 8 0.012 1
P6d 0.359 2 0.002 9
P6 + TCOd 0.507 3 0.004 3
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生物正交点击-释放反应对碘代氟硼荧光动力探针的调控研究
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于欣煜 1, # , 李杰 1, # , 李越 2 , 王雅乐 1 , 石维 3, * , 吴昊星 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3400-3407
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3400-3407
生物正交点击-释放反应对碘代氟硼荧光动力探针的调控研究
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于欣煜1, #, 李杰1, #, 李越2, 王雅乐1, 石维3, * , 吴昊星1, *
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西医院临床磁共振研究中心, 四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西医院公共实验技术平台, 四川 成都 610041
  • 3.四川大学华西第二医院国家药物临床试验机构, 四川 成都 610041

通讯作者:

*吴昊星, Tel/Fax: 86-28-65261615, E-mail: ;
石维, E-mail:
Bioorthogonal click-to-release reaction for regulating iodo-BODIPY PDT probe
Xin-yu YU1, Jie LI1, Yue LI2, Ya-yue WANG1, Wei SHI3, * , Hao-xing WU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 2. Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 3. Institute of Drug Clinical Trial·GCP, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1071
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本文合成构建了六种四嗪-氟硼荧(dipyrromethene boron difluoride, BODIPY) 探针, 并通过四嗪生物正交点击-释放反应实现了对探针单线态氧产率的高达14倍的调控, 通过研究探针中不同四嗪取代基结构、meso-位不同羧基类型的探针光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy, PDT) 性质, 揭示了构效关系。通过对探针的稳定性和释放效率的筛选, 获得了适用于活细胞应用的光动力探针P5P6。该策略对四嗪及BODIPY官能团具有良好兼容性, 扩大了四嗪生物正交点击-释放反应的应用范围, 为BODIPY光动力探针的单线态氧产率调控提供了新思路。

光动力探针  /  生物正交反应  /  氟硼荧  /  点击-释放反应  /  四嗪

In this study, we synthesized six tetrazine-dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY) probes and achieved a remarkable up to 14-fold increase in singlet oxygen yield via tetrazine bioorthogonal click-to-release reactions. We systematically investigated the photodynamic activity of these probes, revealing crucial structure-activity relationships. Additionally, we evaluated the stability and release kinetics of these probes and identified P5 and P6 as ideal candidates for photodynamic therapy in live cells. This innovative strategy opens new avenues for fine-tuning the photodynamic properties of BODIPY dyes, thereby expanding their utility in cancer therapy.

photodynamic therapy probe  /  bioorthogonal reaction  /  dipyrromethene boron difluoride  /  click-to-release reaction  /  tetrazine
于欣煜, 李杰, 李越, 王雅乐, 石维, 吴昊星. 生物正交点击-释放反应对碘代氟硼荧光动力探针的调控研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3400 -3407 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1071
Xin-yu YU, Jie LI, Yue LI, Ya-yue WANG, Wei SHI, Hao-xing WU. Bioorthogonal click-to-release reaction for regulating iodo-BODIPY PDT probe[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3400 -3407 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1071
光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy, PDT) 是一种新型的癌症治疗手段[1], 相较于传统的放疗和化疗, 具有起效迅速、不良反应小、无药物耐受等优势, 因而受到广泛关注。其治疗原理是光诱导光敏剂激活产生以单线态氧为主的具有细胞毒性的活性氧, 导致细胞死亡和肿瘤消融。传统光敏剂通常具有不可忽略的暗毒性且缺乏选择性, 对正常组织造成严重损伤, 导致PDT的应用受到很大限制。
为了克服传统光敏剂选择性差的缺点, 可被肿瘤相关刺激选择性激活的第二代光敏剂得到开发[2]。例如, 细胞内谷胱甘肽的浓度约为10 mmol·L-1, 远高于细胞外环境(约2 μmol·L-1), 而肿瘤细胞内谷胱甘肽的浓度是正常细胞的4倍[3]。Turan等[4]基于此构建了谷胱甘肽介导激活的BODIPY光敏剂。在二溴-BODIPY母核上引入淬灭基团2, 4-二硝基苯磺酰基(2, 4-dinitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl, DNBS), 当其识别到人结肠癌细胞内高浓度的谷胱甘肽时, DNBS基团脱去, 激活探针的光动力效应, 在660 nm照射下, 实现单线态氧诱导的癌细胞凋亡。
另一方面, 光敏剂与肿瘤靶向载体(如抗体、多肽、叶酸等) 的偶联也被广泛用于改善其肿瘤定位[5, 6]。以多肽定位策略为例, 在光敏剂上偶联具有不同功能的多肽, 实现与特定细胞类型的结合或细胞摄取。Vicente等[7]报道了将卟啉分子与包含细胞穿膜肽序列和核定位信号肽序列的双功能多肽偶联, 该偶联物在前列腺癌细胞中显示出良好的光毒性以及溶酶体、内质网定位效果。二代光敏剂的局限在于复杂的生理环境可能导致光敏剂的错误激活或脱靶, 不同组织的生物学差异要求光敏剂对单线态氧具有更加精细的调控能力。
生物正交反应能够在生理条件下特异性和高效地进行, 已成为化学生物学研究的有力工具[6, 8, 9], 在生物荧光成像[10]、蛋白质生物标记[11]、细胞内受体识别[12]等方面有着广泛的应用。其中, 四嗪与亲二烯体之间的逆电子需求的Diels-Alder (inverse electron demand Diels-Alder, IEDDA) 反应作为一类重要的生物正交反应, 因其快速的反应动力学和独特的荧光调控能力而广泛用于新型荧光探针的构建及活细胞荧光标记和成像[13, 14]。受到其对荧光分子光学性能调控的启发, 2019年, Olalla等[15]报道了首个生物正交反应直接参与活性氧调控的光敏剂。该工作合成了一系列卤原子二取代BODIPY-四嗪生物正交开启型的光动力探针, 通过探针和TCO发生IEDDA反应改变四嗪的淬灭性质, 从而实现光动力激活。得益于生物正交四嗪连接反应(tetrazine ligation) 的特点, 实现了亚细胞器靶向激活。随后卢沛芝等[16], Dennis等[17]也合成了不同的卤代BODIPY-四嗪生物正交开启型光动力探针(图 1A)。基于四嗪连接反应构建开启型BODIPY光动力探针的策略, 解决了空间定位问题, 遗憾的是并未完美解决单线态氧产率的调控问题。
近期, 本课题组[18]报道了反式环辛烯(trans-cyclooctene, TCO) 激活的四嗪-酯类衍生物的点击-释放反应。含有羧酸基团的功能分子通过酯键与亚甲基四嗪相连构建断键前体, 其在生理条件下保持稳定, 并能与TCO快速发生点击-释放反应, 实现对羧酸衍生物的高效、可控释放。李昌华等[19]研究发现, BODIPY染料meso-取代基的电子性质可以调控染料的荧光发射, 当染料meso-吸电子的酯基转化为给电子的羧酸阴离子后, 在水溶液中荧光显著增强。这种“酯-羧酸转化”或许也适用于BODIPY染料光动力性能的调控。
四嗪结构已被证明能够有效淬灭BODIPY光动力探针[15], 基于经典的四嗪连接反应, 前人已经开发了多种生物正交开启型BODIPY光动力探针(图 1A), 然而通过四嗪生物正交点击-释放策略对光动力探针进行调控的工作鲜有报道。本课题设想基于四嗪的淬灭功能和生物正交点击-释放反应, 通过双重途径, 来实现对BODIPY光动力探针的精确调控。为了验证这一想法, 本文提出了一种基于四嗪生物正交点击-释放的光动力调控策略, 利用meso-羧基BODIPY衍生物和溴取代四嗪设计合成了一系列的四嗪光动力探针分子, 构建了一类新型可调控单线态氧产率的四嗪光动力探针, 通过探针与TCO反应, 能释放出单线态氧产率增加的BODIPY羧酸衍生物, 从而实现光动力效应的关闭和开启。
根据本课题组前期的工作以及文献报道的BODIPY合成方法[18, 20-22], 本课题设计合成了6个四嗪光动力探针分子。首先合成了BODIPY衍生物B1~B5, 以及溴代四嗪衍生物T1~T3, 经过亲核取代反应, BODIPY衍生物与溴代四嗪衍生物可以一步得到四嗪光动力探针P1~P6。具体合成路线如图 2
根据本课题组[18]前期报道的TCO激活的四嗪亚甲基酯的点击-释放策略, 本研究利用含不同取代基的溴代四嗪对BODIPY的meso-羧基进行酯化修饰, 得到BODIPY-四嗪光动力探针P1~P4。另外, 在BODIPY的meso-位引入链状羧酸和芳香羧酸, 进一步与溴代四嗪反应得到BODIPY-四嗪光动力探针P5P6。此类四嗪光动力探针通过在BODIPY的2, 6位引入卤素碘作为取代基, 可增加探针的自旋-轨道耦合作用, 从而增加分子单线态至三线态的系间穿越能力, 从而增强其光动力性能。并对新型四嗪光动力探针的光学性质、活性氧产率、稳定性和释放率进行了测定和比较, 优选出四嗪光动力探针P5P6, 并在细胞层面验证了其光动力效应。
通过紫外-可见分光光度计和荧光仪测量了6个BODIPY-四嗪光动力荧光探针的光学性质。鉴于探针溶解性的需要和生物医学研究的适用性, 选择含有50%乙腈的PBS溶液作为测试溶剂, 紫外-可见吸收光谱测试浓度为10 μmol·L-1, 荧光发射光谱测试浓度为1 μmol·L-1。实验结果如表 1所示。
探针P1P5P6的最大吸收波长位于540 nm附近, 最大发射波长位于560 nm附近, 斯托克斯位移在20 nm左右; 探针P2~P4的最大吸收波长位于690 nm附近, 最大发射波长位于750 nm附近, 斯托克斯位移在50 nm左右; 所有探针的摩尔消光系数均在104数量级。通过比较不同探针的最大吸收/发射波长, 得出探针P1P5P6为可见光探针, 探针P2~P4为近红外探针。说明当BODIPY母核上连接共轭结构时, 电子离域程度更大, 跃迁能量降低, 激发所需能量减小, 因此吸收/发射光谱红移, 斯托克斯位移增大。
使用1, 3-二苯基异苯并呋喃(1, 3-diphenylisobenzofuran, DPBF) 作为单线态氧检测试剂, 进行体外单线态氧产率测定实验。通过测定探针P2~P4与4e-TCO在溶液中反应前后的单线态氧产率(ФΔ) 和产单线态氧反应常数(Κ), 探究四嗪取代基与meso-酯基BODIPY-四嗪探针光动力调控的构效关系。通过测定探针P1P5P6与4e-TCO在溶液中反应前后的单线态氧产率, 探究羧酸酯基类型与meso-酯基BODIPY-四嗪探针光动力调控的构效关系。实验结果如表 2所示。
从表中可以看出, 探针P2~P4与4-eTCO发生生物正交点击-释放反应后的单线态氧产率: P3 > P4 > P2; 单线态氧产率开启倍数分别为4、7和6倍。实验结果显示, 不同取代基的四嗪探针与4e-TCO反应后, 单线态氧产率开启倍数不同, 其中异丙基四嗪光动力探针P3开启倍数最大, 达到7倍。并且异丙基四嗪单线态氧产率最高达到0.703 8, 大于光敏剂亚甲蓝(MB) 的0.490 0; 另外, 探针P2P4单线态氧产率也接近或大于光敏剂亚甲蓝。表明不同取代基四嗪修饰meso-位羧基BODIPY后, 对BODIPY光动力效应具有调控作用。
另外, 如表 2所示, 探针P1P5P6与4e-TCO发生点击-释放反应后的单线态氧产率: P5 > P6 > P1; 单线态氧产率开启倍数分别为14、4和1.42倍。实验结果显示, 异丙基四嗪光动力探针P1P5P6分别与4e-TCO反应后, 不同类型的meso-位羧酸BODIPY单线态氧产率开启倍数差异较大, 其中探针P1反应前单线态氧产率增加了14倍; 这可能是由于探针P1的酯基与BODIPY的meso-位相连, 促进了分子内电荷转移, 与四嗪基团产生了双重淬灭作用, 降低了整个分子单线态和三线态之间的能量差, 增加能量的系间穿越, 从而增加了单线态氧产率。同时, 该类探针发生生物正交点击-释放反应后的单线态氧产率均大于相同测试条件下光敏剂玫瑰红(RB) 的单线态氧产率。表明四嗪基团修饰不同meso-位羧酸BODIPY衍生物后, 同样对BODIPY光动力效应具有调控作用。
综上所述, 表明“酯-羧酸转化”的生物正交点击-释放四嗪光动力探针策略, 在meso-酯基和四嗪的双重淬灭作用下, 能够有效调控BODIPY染料的单线态氧产率, 从而直接调控BODIPY的光动力效应。此外, 不同取代基四嗪探针反应后单线态氧产率存在差异, 可能是由于每个探针的稳定性和释放能力不同导致的。
良好的稳定性和较高的释放率是BODIPY-四嗪生物正交点击-释放光动力探针用于细胞光动力治疗的必要条件。使用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS) 对探针在含50%乙腈的PBS中和含50%乙腈的培养基中的稳定性进行了测试。对于稳定性较好的探针P5P6, 进一步测试了其在含25%乙腈的PBS中的释放率。实验结果如图 3所示。
图 3A中可以看出, 探针P2~P4在含50%乙腈的PBS中, 24 h后只有探针P4剩余64%, 其余两个探针P2P3均未检测到探针剩余。通过比较不同取代基四嗪修饰的探针稳定性, 得出苯基取代基稳定性较好, 这是由于富电子的苯基使得缺电子的四嗪结构更加稳定。
由于之前单线态氧测定结果显示, 异丙基四嗪对BODIPY光动力效应调控效果更好, 所以进一步合成了探针P1P5P6, 并测试其稳定性。24 h的稳定性结果显示, 具有不同化学环境的羧酸酯所表现出的稳定性差异较大, 其中芳香羧酸酯的探针P6稳定性最好, 这可能是由于苯环与羧基形成共轭, 增加了相邻羰基的电负性, 羰基碳相较于meso-羧基和脂肪链羧基, 更不容易被亲核试剂进攻, 因此更稳定。另外, 探针P5的羧酸酯虽然未能形成共轭结构, 但是它与BODIPY母核距离较远, 对链状羧酸酯的电性影响较小, 所以表现出较好稳定性。因此, 探针P5P6在PBS∶乙腈= 1∶1条件下稳定性较好。
进一步对探针P5P6在含50%乙腈的培养基中进行稳定性测试(图 3B), 实验结果表明, 探针P5P6均具有较好的血清稳定性。
接下来探索了探针P5P6在含25%乙腈的PBS中, 分别与4e-TCO发生生物正交反应后释放率的变化(图 3C), 两者均具有较好的释放率。
综上所述, 探针的稳定性和释放率测试结果表明: 探针P5P6具有细胞应用的潜力, 适宜在活细胞层面进一步研究探针的光动力效应。
基于稳定性和释放率的实验结果, 优选出探针P5P6用于活细胞光动力活性测试。基于生物正交点击-释放反应对BODIPY-四嗪光动力探针产单线态氧能力的调控, 这里考察了探针在有光照或无光照条件下的光毒性和暗毒性。TCO-TPP是具有线粒体靶向能力的TCO试剂, 将一定浓度的探针(0.5 μmol·L-1) 分别给予经过或未经过TCO-TPP (5 μmol·L-1) 预靶向处理的人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549, 在光照或无光照操作后, 计算细胞24 h存活率。
当无光照时(图 4A), 在有或无TCO-TPP预靶向情况下, 细胞存活率分别在95%和85%左右, 说明探针P5P6对细胞杀伤作用小, 暗毒性低。光毒性实验中(图 4BC): 在同等光照强度下, 两种探针发生生物正交点击-释放反应前后对细胞的杀伤作用表现为, 探针P5 > P6, 这与体外单线态氧产率测试结果相符合。结果还表明探针P5P6都具有光功率依赖性的光毒性, 细胞毒性随光功率密度增加而增加, 这与传统光敏剂一致。然而, 两种探针在无TCO-TPP预靶向组都表现出相当程度的光毒性, 说明探针P5P6在活细胞内调控产单线态氧的能力较差。其原因是探针在细胞环境中的稳定性较差, 酯基容易水解, 从而释放出增加单线态氧产率的BODIPY羧酸衍生物, 所以难以实现细胞水平单线态氧产率的调控。
本文设计合成了6个BODIPY-四嗪光动力探针, 通过与4e-TCO发生生物正交点击释放反应, 均能实现对碘代BODIPY产生单线态氧速率的调控, 最高调控开启倍数达到14倍。通过对四嗪取代基及meso-位酯基类型的研究, 发现了异丙基四嗪及meso-位直接相连酯基对该探针的单线态氧产率调控效果最好。稳定性和释放率实验表明, 探针P5P6具有较高的生理环境稳定性, 更适用于活细胞及活体研究。进一步增加在活细胞水平的光动力调控能力将是未来研究的方向。本文提出了一种通过四嗪生物正交点击-释放反应调控BODIPY染料单线态氧产率的新策略。该策略对四嗪及BODIPY官能团具有良好兼容性, 拓展了四嗪生物正交点击-释放反应的应用范围, 为光动力探针的调控提供了新方法。
1H NMR和13C NMR用Bruker核磁共振波谱仪(美国) 测定(1H, 400 MHz; 13C, 101 MHz), 四甲基硅烷(TMS) 为内标; 高分辨率质谱(HRMS), 用Waters Q-TOF Premier四极杆串联飞行时间质谱(美国) 测定; 日本FluoroMax-4荧光光度计(Horiba Jobin Yvon) 测定荧光光谱; Quawell Scientific Q6000+微量分光光度计(美国) 收集紫外-可见吸收光谱; 美国高效液相-质谱联用(HPLC-MS, 安捷伦科技有限公司) 监测生物正交反应; 监测反应所使用的薄层色谱硅胶板, 购自烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司; 光动力实验所使用的520/660 nm激光器, 购自长春新产业光电技术有限公司; Herocell 180二氧化碳培养箱(上海润度生物科技有限公司) 孵育细胞。硅胶柱色谱所用的硅胶为200~300目或300~400目, 购自探索平台。在目标化合物合成过程中, 若无特殊说明, 所使用的试剂均为分析纯; 溶剂购自泰坦科技有限公司; 化学试剂购自安耐吉化学有限公司、上海毕得科技有限公司、梯希爱(上海) 化成工业发展有限公司和百灵威科技有限公司; 人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549来源于本实验室冻存; 细胞实验相关耗材均购自探索平台。
化合物T1~T3[18]以及TCO-TPP[23]均为已知化合物, 参考文献合成。
均为已知化合物, 参考文献合成。
在氩气保护下, B1 (150 mg, 0.27 mmol) 和碘化锂(144 mg, 1.08 mmol) 加入到25 mL反应瓶内, 加入14 mL干燥乙酸乙酯, 80 ℃回流搅拌15 h, 经薄层色谱法(TLC) 确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯(15 mL) 稀释反应液, 0.1 mol·L-1 HCl (10 mL×3) 洗涤, 水洗, 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(DCM∶MeOH = 5∶1), 得粉色固体化合物B2 (118 mg), 核磁纯度: 97%, 收率: 80%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 2.53 (s, 6H), 2.37 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, MeOD) δ 163.17, 155.10, 143.60, 139.02, 127.60, 82.55, 14.60, 14.17; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 544.920 1 [M+H]+
在氩气保护下, 将B2 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) 和四嗪T2 (10 mg, 0.05 mmol) 加入到10 mL反应管内, 加入1 mL丙酮, 再加入碳酸氢钾(1.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) 和18-冠醚-6 (2.5 mg, 0.001 mmol), 室温(25 ℃) 搅拌13 h, 经TLC确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯萃取(10 mL×3), 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(PE∶EA = 5∶1), 得粉色固体化合物P1 (17 mg), 核磁纯度: 98%, 收率: 53%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.93 (s, 2H), 3.72~3.64 (m, 1H), 2.61 (s, 6H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 1.54 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.59, 164.20 163.99, 159.35, 147.68, 147.09, 143.64, 124.48, 124.00, 119.11, 85.96, 65.88, 31.45, 30.20, 21.25, 16.27, 15.45; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 680.994 5 [M+H]+
在氩气保护下, 将B3 (20 mg, 0.016 mmol) 和四嗪T1 (6 mg, 0.032 mmol) 加入到10 mL反应管内, 加入1 mL丙酮, 再加入碳酸氢钾(3.2 mg, 0.032 mmol) 和18-冠醚-6 (0.85 mg, 0.003 2 mmol), 室温(25 ℃) 搅拌2 h, 经TLC确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯萃取(10 mL×3), 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(DCM∶MeOH = 10∶1), 得粉色固体化合物P2 (15 mg), 核磁纯度: 98%, 收率: 64%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.13 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 4.23 (dd, J = 10.4, 5.9 Hz, 8H), 3.89 (dd, J = 9.6, 4.2 Hz, 8H), 3.78~3.72 (m, 8H), 3.70~3.62 (m, 16H), 3.54 (ddd, J = 11.7, 5.7, 3.6 Hz, 8H), 3.37 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 12H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 169.23, 164.82, 163.95, 151.98, 150.87, 148.97, 143.54, 140.61, 130.42, 130.15, 122.09, 116.88, 114.44, 114.23, 71.95, 71.94, 70.90, 70.88, 70.71, 70.58, 70.55, 69.78, 69.65, 69.17, 68.75, 65.71, 59.06, 59.02, 21.44, 15.90; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 1 499.365 4 [M+Na]+
在氩气保护下, 将B3 (30 mg, 0.022 mmol) 和四嗪T2 (10 mg, 0.044 mmol) 加入到10 mL反应管内, 加入1 mL丙酮, 再加入碳酸氢钾(4.4 mg, 0.044 mmol) 和18-冠醚-6 (1.17 mg, 0.004 4 mmol), 室温(25 ℃) 搅拌6 h, 经TLC确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯萃取(10 mL×3), 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(DCM∶MeOH = 10∶1) 后, 得粉色固体化合物P3 (15 mg), 核磁纯度: 95%, 收率: 46%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.13 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 14.6 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 4.23 (dd, J = 10.4, 5.6 Hz, 8H), 3.96~3.83 (m, 8H), 3.79~3.72 (m, 8H), 3.66 (ddd, J = 12.9, 9.7, 5.6 Hz, 16H), 3.58~3.50 (m, 8H), 3.37 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 12H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 1.56 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.66, 175.55, 164.08, 150.82, 148.93, 140.61, 140.58, 130.16, 123.50, 122.10, 116.88, 114.38, 114.20, 71.92, 70.85, 70.67, 70.55, 70.52, 69.76, 69.62, 69.13, 68.72, 65.90, 59.06, 59.02, 34.58, 34.57, 21.25, 15.88; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 1 527.397 2 [M+Na]+
在氩气保护下, 将B3 (30 mg, 0.022 mmol) 和四嗪T3 (11 mg, 0.044 mmol) 加入到10 mL反应管内, 加入1 mL丙酮, 再加入碳酸氢钾(4.4 mg, 0.044 mmol) 和18-冠醚-6 (0.6 mg, 0.002 2 mmol), 室温(25 ℃) 搅拌6 h, 经TLC确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯萃取(10 mL×3), 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(DCM∶MeOH = 10∶1) 后, 得粉色固体化合物P4 (16.8 mg), 核磁纯度: 95%, 收率: 50%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.70~8.59 (m, 2H), 8.13 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 2H), 7.73~7.56 (m, 3H), 7.48 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26~7.25 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 4.23 (dd, J = 10.5, 6.0 Hz, 8H), 3.89 (dd, J = 9.5, 4.2 Hz, 8H), 3.78~3.72 (m, 8H), 3.70~3.62 (m, 16H), 3.54 (ddd, J = 11.7, 5.6, 3.6 Hz, 8H), 3.36 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 12H), 2.35 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 165.32, 164.87, 163.84, 150.78, 148.90, 143.56, 140.59, 133.57, 130.98, 130.13, 129.50, 128.62, 123.50, 122.08, 116.91, 114.31, 114.13, 77.37, 77.25, 77.05, 76.73, 71.92, 71.91, 70.86, 70.84, 70.67, 70.55, 70.52, 69.75, 69.62, 69.10, 68.69, 65.86, 59.06, 59.03, 15.92; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 1 561.380 9 [M+Na]+
在氩气保护下, 将B4 (17 mg, 0.029 mmol) 和四嗪T2 (8 mg, 0.035 mmol) 加入到10 mL反应管内, 加入1 mL丙酮, 再加入碳酸氢钾(6 mg, 0.058 mmol) 和18-冠醚-6 (1.5 mg, 0.005 8 mmol), 室温(25 ℃) 搅拌18 h, 经TLC确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯萃取(10 mL×3), 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(PE∶EA = 5∶1) 后, 得粉色固体化合物P5 (7 mg), 核磁纯度: 96%, 收率: 34%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.77 (s, 2H), 3.74~3.63 (m, 1H), 3.55~3.43 (m, 2H), 2.85~2.74 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 6H), 2.54 (s, 6H), 1.54 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.26, 170.91, 164.67, 156.34, 142.40, 131.20, 86.96, 86.87, 63.26, 34.78, 34.47, 24.43, 21.29, 19.09, 16.25, 16.23; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 731.008 7 [M+Na]+
在氩气保护下, 将B5 (36 mg, 0.058 mmol) 和四嗪T2 (15 mg, 0.07 mmol) 加入到10 mL反应管内, 加入1 mL丙酮, 再加入碳酸氢钾(11.6 mg, 0.116 mmol) 和18-冠醚-6 (3.1 mg, 0.011 6 mmol), 室温(25 ℃) 搅18 h, 经TLC确认反应完全后, 用乙酸乙酯萃取(10 mL×3), 有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥, 过滤浓缩, 采用硅胶柱层析纯化(PE∶EA = 5∶1) 后, 得粉色固体化合物P6 (9 mg), 核磁纯度: 97%, 收率: 21%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.30 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 3.75~3.66 (m, 1H), 2.65 (s, 6H), 1.55 (s, 6H), 1.38 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.19, 165.17, 165.02, 157.42, 145.03, 140.14, 139.48, 131.02, 130.70, 130.23, 128.41, 63.80, 34.45, 31.88, 27.19, 25.51, 22.66, 21.24, 17.22, 16.08, 14.09; ESI-HR-MS (m/z): 779.008 9 [M+Na]+
① 将探针和DPBF均配成5 mmol·L-1的DMSO母液; ②将探针与4e-TCO稀释在DMF中, 使得探针终浓度为1 mmol·L-1, 4e-TCO浓度为5 mmol·L-1, 将反应体系置于37 ºC水浴锅中孵育; ③经HPLC-MS鉴定探针与4e-TCO完全反应且释放目标BODIPY; ④将生物正交产物母液和DPBF稀释在同一DMF溶剂中得到待测溶液, 用比色皿测量其初始吸收值, 使得待测溶液在特定激光器波长处(520或660 nm), 吸收值为0.5左右, 在414 nm处吸收值为1.5左右; ⑤经激光器5 mW·cm-2照射, 检测DMF中DPBF随激光光照时间延长在414 nm处的吸光度值的变化, 间接评估探针的单线态氧产生能力; 以DPBF的DMF溶液作为空白对照组, 记录在相同实验条件下空白对照组在414 nm处吸光度值的变化, 用于校准DPBF的自氧化和光氧化作用; 以玫瑰红、亚甲蓝分别作为520、660 nm激光照射下的实验对照组, 记录在相同实验条件下实验对照组中DPBF在414 nm处吸光度值的变化, 用于比较探针和商品化光敏剂之间的单线态氧产生能力强弱。
① 将待测探针配成1 mmol·L-1的DMSO母液; ②取适量探针母液用待测溶剂稀释至10 μmol·L-1, 作为待测溶液, 37 ℃水浴孵育; ③每个待测时间点取出100 μL待测溶液, 通过HPLC-MS监测其在520 nm处的峰面积; ④通过每个时间点的峰面积比值, 计算探针的稳定性。
① 将探针配成1 mmol·L-1的DMSO母液, 4e-TCO配成100 m mol·L-1的DMSO母液; ②将母液用待测溶剂稀释至特定浓度(探针终浓度为10 μmol·L-1, 4e-TCO终浓度为100 μmol·L-1), 作为待测溶液, 37 ℃水浴孵育; ③在待测时间点吸取100 μL待测溶液, 通过HPLC-MS监测待测溶液的释放产物在520 nm处的峰面积; ④通过每个时间点产物的峰面积比值, 计算待测探针的释放率。
作者贡献: 吴昊星、石维提出研究思路, 设计研究方案; 于欣煜、李杰负责进行实验; 于欣煜、李杰、李越、王雅乐负责采集、分析数据; 于欣煜负责论文起草; 吴昊星负责最终修订版本。
利益冲突: 作者声明无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21977075)
  • 四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5工程项目(ZYYC08004)
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2023年第58卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1071
  • 接收时间:2023-09-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-14
  • 修回日期:2023-10-08
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(21977075)
四川大学华西医院学科卓越发展1·3·5工程项目(ZYYC08004)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西医院临床磁共振研究中心, 四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西医院公共实验技术平台, 四川 成都 610041
    3.四川大学华西第二医院国家药物临床试验机构, 四川 成都 610041

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*吴昊星, Tel/Fax: 86-28-65261615, E-mail: ;
石维, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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