Article(id=1198656287060885925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1683129600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-04, revisedDate=1685376000000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711528792, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711528792, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711528792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711528792, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3366, endPage=3378, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656287572591032, articleId=1198656287060885925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Protective mechanism of Yinchenzhufu decoction against cholestatic liver injury induced by lithic acid based on network pharmacology, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Yinchenzhufu decoction (YCZFD) is a classic formula for treating Yin Huang syndrome, which can improve liver injury caused by cholestasis. However, the mechanism of action of YCZFD still remains unclear. This article used network pharmacology, molecular docking, animal experiments, and molecular biology methods to explore the mechanism of YCZFD in treating liver injury caused by cholestasis. A mouse model of acute cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid was used to investigate the effects of YCZFD on liver injury. The experimental procedures described in this paper were reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval NO. PZSHUTCM190823002). The results showed that YCZFD could reduce the levels of blood biochemical indicators and improve hepatocyte damage of cholestatic mice. Then, multiple databases were used to predict the corresponding targets of YCZFD active components on cholestatic liver injury. An intersection target protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on String database and Cytoscape software was used to demonstrate the possible core targets of YCZFD against cholestatic liver injury. The results indicated that core targets of YCZFD include tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, interleukin-6, etc. GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis indicated that YCZFD may regulate the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, bile secretion, and other related factors to ameliorate the cholestatic liver injury. AutoDockTools software was used to perform molecular docking verification on the core targets and components of YCZFD. To verify the results of network pharmacology, UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the effect of YCZFD on levels of bile acid profiles in mouse liver tissues. It was found that treatment with YCZFD significantly reduced the content of free bile acids, taurine bound bile acids, and total bile acids in the liver tissues of cholestatic mice. Then, results from real time PCR and Western blot also found that YCZFD can upregulate the expression of hepatic nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, metabolizing enzyme (UDP glucuronidase transferase 1a1), and efflux transporters (bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, etc) in cholestasis mice, promote bile acid metabolism and excretion, and improve bile acid homeostasis. Moreover, YCZFD can also inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation by regulating NOD-like receptors 3 pathway, thereby inhibiting cholestatic liver injury.

, correspAuthors=Yue-ming MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lin-cong ZHANG, Jia-sheng WU, Tian TIAN, Yuan-yuan LI, Tian-ming WANG, Yue-ming MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656291435545164, articleId=1198656287060885925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学的茵陈术附汤抗石胆酸诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

茵陈术附汤(Yinchenzhufu decoction, YCZFD) 是治疗阴黄证的经典方剂, 可改善胆汁淤积性肝损伤, 但作用机制尚不完全清楚, 本文运用网络药理学、分子对接、动物实验和分子生物学方法, 探讨YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤机制。采用石胆酸(lithocholic acid, LCA) 诱导的急性胆汁淤积小鼠模型, 考察YCZFD给药2周对小鼠肝功能指标及肝脏组织形态学的影响。动物实验经上海中医药大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会批准, 伦理编号为: PZSHUTCM190823002。结果显示, YCZFD可降低模型小鼠血生化指标水平, 改善肝细胞损伤; 运用多个数据库预测YCZFD活性成分与胆汁淤积性肝损伤对应靶点。利用String数据库和Cytoscape软件构建交集靶点PPI网络(protein-protein interaction networks), 显示YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能核心靶点与肿瘤坏死因子、白介素-1β、非受体酪氨酸激酶Src、白介素-6等有关, 基于Metascape平台进行GO (gene ontology) 和KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) 富集分析, 发现YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能与其调节肿瘤坏死因子信号通路、核因子-κB信号通路、胆汁分泌等相关, 并运用了AutoDockTools软件对YCZFD影响的核心靶点和核心成分进行分子对接验证。为验证网络药理学结果, 采用UPLC-MS/MS方法测定小鼠肝脏中胆汁酸谱水平, 显示YCZFD使模型小鼠肝脏中游离胆汁酸、牛磺酸结合型胆汁酸和总胆汁酸水平明显下降; 通过real-time PCR和Western blot方法, 发现YCZFD干预可上调胆汁淤积小鼠肝脏法尼醇X受体及代谢酶(尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1a1)、外排转运体(胆盐外排泵、多药耐药相关蛋白2、多药耐药相关蛋白3等) 表达, 促进胆汁酸代谢和外排, 改善胆汁酸稳态, 抑制NOD样受体家族3活化介导的细胞焦亡及炎症反应, 改善胆汁淤积性肝损伤。

, correspAuthors=马越鸣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*马越鸣, Tel / Fax: 86-21-51322386, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bswmwSDdR9pQ/P2k+NU1yQ==, magXml=lTjLghok1WNPTnARyVlGrA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YHWK7p4QEWO59edSBcCSMQ==, pdfFileSize=5539539, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Li51oL/SP09aDyK4T3P2Ow==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Nnk8LdmlcaASSFuWm8kJug==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=章林聪, 吴家胜, 田甜, 李园园, 王天明, 马越鸣)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960258279375629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960258405204762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960258279375629, language=EN, stringName=Lin-cong ZHANG, firstName=Lin-cong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960258526839592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960258279375629, language=CN, stringName=章林聪, firstName=林聪, middleName=null, lastName=章, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960258669445938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960258820440894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960258669445938, language=EN, stringName=Jia-sheng WU, firstName=Jia-sheng, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960258984018760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960258669445938, language=CN, stringName=吴家胜, firstName=家胜, middleName=null, lastName=吴, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960259118236507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960259290202983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960259118236507, language=EN, stringName=Tian TIAN, firstName=Tian, middleName=null, lastName=TIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960259449586546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960259118236507, language=CN, stringName=田甜, firstName=甜, middleName=null, lastName=田, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960259617358716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960259818685322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960259617358716, language=EN, stringName=Yuan-yuan LI, firstName=Yuan-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960259978068884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960259617358716, language=CN, stringName=李园园, firstName=园园, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960260171006886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960260363944880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960260171006886, language=EN, stringName=Tian-ming WANG, firstName=Tian-ming, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960260556882876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960260171006886, language=CN, stringName=王天明, firstName=天明, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1198960260703683529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mayueming_117@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960260905010131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960260703683529, language=EN, stringName=Yue-ming MA, firstName=Yue-ming, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960261068587994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, authorId=1198960260703683529, language=CN, stringName=马越鸣, firstName=越鸣, middleName=null, lastName=马, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198960261471241195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Yinchenzhufu decoction), Keyword(id=1198960261790008313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=lithocholic acid), Keyword(id=1198960262154911747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=network pharmacology), Keyword(id=1198960262364626956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=cholestatic liver injury), Keyword(id=1198960262565953551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=bile acid homeostasis), Keyword(id=1198960262918275096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=pyroptosis), Keyword(id=1198960263086047268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=茵陈术附汤), Keyword(id=1198960263270596658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=石胆酸), Keyword(id=1198960263463534651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=网络药理学), Keyword(id=1198960263627112510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=胆汁淤积性肝损伤), Keyword(id=1198960263853604936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=胆汁酸稳态), Keyword(id=1198960264193343573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=细胞焦亡)], refs=[Reference(id=1198960268089852130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.gcb.2009.04.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=33, issue=null, pageStart=778, pageEnd=788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Gastroenterol Clin Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Poupon R. Cholestasis and cholestatic liver diseases[J]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 2009, 33: 778-788., articleTitle=Cholestasis and cholestatic liver diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268253429997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.061, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=573, pageEnd=579, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lamba M, Ngu JH, Stedman CAM. Trends in incidence of autoimmune liver diseases and increasing incidence of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 19: 573-579., articleTitle=Trends in incidence of autoimmune liver diseases and increasing incidence of autoimmune hepatitis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268366676211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1007/s00204-019-02437-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=1169, pageEnd=1186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Arch Toxicol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gijbels E, Vilas-Boas V, Deferm N, et al. Mechanisms and in vitro models of drug-induced cholestasis[J]. Arch Toxicol, 2019, 93: 1169-1186., articleTitle=Mechanisms and in vitro models of drug-induced cholestasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268475728120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=644, pageEnd=646, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=J Pract Hepatol (实用肝脏病杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sheng FF, Lu LG. Etiology of cholestatic liver disease[J]. J Pract Hepatol (实用肝脏病杂志), 2016, 19: 644-646., articleTitle=Etiology of cholestatic liver disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268597362937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=null, pageStart=201, pageEnd=203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=Contemp Med Symp (当代医药论丛), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XL. Observation on therapeutic effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction combined with Wendan decoction in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with ascites[J]. Contemp Med Symp (当代医药论丛), 2020, 18: 201-203., articleTitle=Observation on therapeutic effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction combined with Wendan decoction in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with ascites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268718997758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=304, pageEnd=307, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Shaanxi J Tradit Chin Med (陕西中医), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu FH, Yang WN, Li F. Study on effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction in the treatment of liver failure complicated by refractory jaundice[J]. Shaanxi J Tradit Chin Med (陕西中医), 2021, 42: 304-307., articleTitle=Study on effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction in the treatment of liver failure complicated by refractory jaundice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268815466755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=1, issue=null, pageStart=116, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=J Integra Med (中西医结合学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang JJ, He GX, Zhang CZ. Hepatocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Yin-Jaundice rats[J]. J Integra Med (中西医结合学报), 2003, 1: 116-118., articleTitle=Hepatocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Yin-Jaundice rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960268945490179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=360, issue=null, pageStart=688, pageEnd=689, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med (辽宁中医杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang XS, Qu CJ. Effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction on β-glucuronidase content and UDPGT activity in Yin-Jaundice rats[J]. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med (辽宁中医杂志), 2007, 360: 688-689., articleTitle=Effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction on β-glucuronidase content and UDPGT activity in Yin-Jaundice rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269054542087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.jep.2020.112672, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=254, issue=null, pageStart=112672, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang GF, Li YY, Shi R, et al. Yinchenzhufu decoction protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute cholestatic liver injury in mice by ameliorating disordered bile acid homeostasis and inhibiting inflammatory responses[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2020, 254: 112672., articleTitle=Yinchenzhufu decoction protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute cholestatic liver injury in mice by ameliorating disordered bile acid homeostasis and inhibiting inflammatory responses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269205537033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1159/000489986, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=null, pageStart=523, pageEnd=534, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Physiol Biochem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=El-Agamy DS, Almaramhy HH, Ahmed N, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of vardenafil against cholestatic liver damage in mice: a mechanistic study[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018, 47: 523-534., articleTitle=Anti-inflammatory effects of vardenafil against cholestatic liver damage in mice: a mechanistic study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269314588940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1124/dmd.113.056549, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=844, pageEnd=852, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=Drug Metab Dispos, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen P, Zeng H, Wang Y, et al. Low dose of oleanolic acid protects against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis in mice: potential involvement of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-mediated upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2014, 42: 844-852., articleTitle=Low dose of oleanolic acid protects against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis in mice: potential involvement of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-mediated upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269436223760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.022, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=636, issue=null, pageStart=145, pageEnd=154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Eur J Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Miyata M, Nomoto M, Sotodate F, et al. Possible protective role of pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile in lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity through enhanced hepatic lipogenesis[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2010, 636: 145-154., articleTitle=Possible protective role of pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile in lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity through enhanced hepatic lipogenesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269562052884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=null, pageStart=98, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=J Tradit Chin Med (中医药管理杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao LS, Zhu XH. Application progress of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine[J]. J Tradit Chin Med (中医药管理杂志), 2021, 29: 98-102., articleTitle=Application progress of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269687882007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.039, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=153, issue=null, pageStart=714, pageEnd=724, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Q, Jiang P, Ye FY, et al. Identification and pharmacokinetics of multiple constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of Yinchenzhufu decoction[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2014, 153: 714-724., articleTitle=Identification and pharmacokinetics of multiple constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of Yinchenzhufu decoction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269792739611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.015, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=2263, pageEnd=2279, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Mayo Clin Proc, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hilscher MB, Kamath PS, Eaton JE. Cholestatic liver diseases: a primer for generalists and subspecialists[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2020, 95: 2263-2279., articleTitle=Cholestatic liver diseases: a primer for generalists and subspecialists, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960269922763039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.017, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=66, issue=null, pageStart=95, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=J Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fuchs CD, Paumgartner G, Wahlström A, et al. Metabolic preconditioning protects BSEP/ABCB11-/- mice against cholestatic liver injury[J]. J Hepatol, 2017, 66: 95-101., articleTitle=Metabolic preconditioning protects BSEP/ABCB11-/- mice against cholestatic liver injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270069563679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=707, pageEnd=713, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Hepatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Festi D, Morselli Labate AM, Roda A, et al. Diagnostic effectiveness of serum bile acids in liver diseases as evaluated by multivariate statistical methods[J]. Hepatology, 1983, 3: 707-713., articleTitle=Diagnostic effectiveness of serum bile acids in liver diseases as evaluated by multivariate statistical methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270187004195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1056/NEJM199810223391707, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=339, issue=null, pageStart=1217, pageEnd=1227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Trauner M, Meier PJ, Boyer JL. Molecular pathogenesis of cholestasis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339: 1217-1227., articleTitle=Molecular pathogenesis of cholestasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270300250406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.11569/wcjd.v25.i30.2681, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=25, issue=null, pageStart=2681, pageEnd=2688, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=World Chin J Digestol (世界华人消化杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song HF, Xu P. New serological markers for liver damage[J]. World Chin J Digestol (世界华人消化杂志), 2017, 25: 2681-2688., articleTitle=New serological markers for liver damage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270438662441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=298, pageEnd=299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=Guide China Med (中国医药指南), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang LJ. Determination of serum transaminases and its clinical significance[J]. Guide China Med (中国医药指南), 2012, 10: 298-299., articleTitle=Determination of serum transaminases and its clinical significance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270547714348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=null, pageStart=113, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=Guide China Med (中国医药指南), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meng XL. Clinical value of biochemical test in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis[J]. Guide China Med (中国医药指南), 2020, 18: 113-114., articleTitle=Clinical value of biochemical test in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270627406127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=98, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=Contemp Med (当代医学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mei HY. Value of total bilirubin, total bile acid and prealbumin in diagnosis of liver diseases[J]. Contemp Med (当代医学), 2016, 22: 98-99., articleTitle=Value of total bilirubin, total bile acid and prealbumin in diagnosis of liver diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270719680817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.3389/fphar.2018.00187, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=187, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=Front Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao H, Li S, Xie R, et al. Exploring the mechanism of Dangguiliuhuang decoction against hepatic fibrosis by network pharmacology and experimental validation[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9: 187., articleTitle=Exploring the mechanism of Dangguiliuhuang decoction against hepatic fibrosis by network pharmacology and experimental validation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270811955509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.036, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=157, issue=null, pageStart=52, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=Life Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Patel A, Sabbineni H, Clarke A, et al. Novel roles of Src in cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, vascular permeability, microinvasion and metastasis[J]. Life Sci, 2016, 157: 52-61., articleTitle=Novel roles of Src in cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, vascular permeability, microinvasion and metastasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270891647284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1038/s41467-018-04697-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=2590, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Byun S, Kim DH, Ryerson D, et al. Postprandial FGF19-induced phosphorylation by Src is critical for FXR function in bile acid homeostasis[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 2590., articleTitle=Postprandial FGF19-induced phosphorylation by Src is critical for FXR function in bile acid homeostasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960270971339064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.015, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=58, issue=null, pageStart=51, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=Toxicol In Vitro, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharanek A, Burban A, Ciriaci N, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance dilatation of bile canaliculi caused by cholestatic antibiotics[J]. Toxicol In Vitro, 2019, 58: 51-59., articleTitle=Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance dilatation of bile canaliculi caused by cholestatic antibiotics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271072002361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.881231, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=881231, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Front Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Q, Song GC, Weng FY, et al. Hepatoprotective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on lithocholic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury through choleretic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13: 881231., articleTitle=Hepatoprotective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on lithocholic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury through choleretic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271151694139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1007/s11888-009-0011-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=69, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McConnell BB, Yang VW. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer[J]. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep, 2009, 5: 69-74., articleTitle=The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271227191614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.05.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=349, issue=null, pageStart=12, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Toxicol Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahmadi A, Niknahad H, Li H, et al. The inhibition of NFкB signaling and inflammatory response as a strategy for blunting bile acid-induced hepatic and renal toxicity[J]. Toxicol Lett, 2021, 349: 12-29., articleTitle=The inhibition of NFкB signaling and inflammatory response as a strategy for blunting bile acid-induced hepatic and renal toxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271306883392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.030, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=224, issue=null, pageStart=186, pageEnd=195, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=Toxicol Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang M, Ramachandran A, Yan HM, et al. Osteopontin is an initial mediator of inflammation and liver injury during obstructive cholestasis after bile duct ligation in mice[J]. Toxicol Lett, 2014, 224: 186-195., articleTitle=Osteopontin is an initial mediator of inflammation and liver injury during obstructive cholestasis after bile duct ligation in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271407546690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.mam.2017.06.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=45, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Aspects Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li M, Cai SY, Boyer JL. Mechanisms of bile acid mediated inflammation in the liver[J]. Mol Aspects Med, 2017, 56: 45-53., articleTitle=Mechanisms of bile acid mediated inflammation in the liver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271491432770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02662.x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=32, issue=null, pageStart=58, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=Liver international, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Hong JY, Rockwell CE, et al. Effect of bile duct ligation on bile acid composition in mouse serum and liver[J]. Liver international, 2012, 32: 58-69., articleTitle=Effect of bile duct ligation on bile acid composition in mouse serum and liver, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271558541635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.3748/wjg.15.1677, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=1677, pageEnd=1689, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=World J Gastroenterol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Perez MJ, Briz O. Bile-acid-induced cell injury and protection[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009, 15: 1677-1689., articleTitle=Bile-acid-induced cell injury and protection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271621456197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/0306-9877(86)90137-4, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=57, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=Med Hypotheses, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Attili AF, Angelico M, Cantafora A, et al. Bile acid-induced liver toxicity: relation to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of bile acids[J]. Med Hypotheses, 1986, 19: 57-69., articleTitle=Bile acid-induced liver toxicity: relation to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of bile acids, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271692759368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00062-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=102, issue=null, pageStart=731, pageEnd=744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sinal CJ, Tohkin M, Miyata M, et al. Targeted disruption of the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR impairs bile acid and lipid homeostasis[J]. Cell, 2000, 102: 731-744., articleTitle=Targeted disruption of the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR impairs bile acid and lipid homeostasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271755673931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1053/gast.2001.25503, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=121, issue=null, pageStart=140, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=Gastroenterology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Denson LA, Sturm E, Echevarria W, et al. The orphan nuclear receptor, SHP, mediates bile acid-induced inhibition of the rat bile acid transporter, NTCP[J]. Gastroenterology, 2001, 121: 140-147., articleTitle=The orphan nuclear receptor, SHP, mediates bile acid-induced inhibition of the rat bile acid transporter, NTCP, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271822782798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.7717/peerj.143, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=1, issue=null, pageStart=e143, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=PeerJ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu QN, Xie HM, Zhang D, et al. Hepatic bile acids and bile acid-related gene expression in pregnant and lactating rats[J]. PeerJ, 2013, 1: e143., articleTitle=Hepatic bile acids and bile acid-related gene expression in pregnant and lactating rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271898280273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1007/s00018-013-1387-0, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=70, issue=null, pageStart=4511, pageEnd=4526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell Mol Life Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baptissart M, Vega A, Martinot E, et al. Farnesoid X receptor alpha: a molecular link between bile acids and steroid signaling?[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2013, 70: 4511-4526., articleTitle=Farnesoid X receptor alpha: a molecular link between bile acids and steroid signaling?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960271973777747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00051-4, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=517, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goodwin B, Jones SA, Price RR, et al. A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis[J]. Mol Cell, 2000, 6: 517-526., articleTitle=A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272061858133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.tox.2012.10.025, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=303, issue=null, pageStart=107, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=Toxicology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi H, Dong L, Jiang J, et al. Chlorogenic acid reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway[J]. Toxicology, 2013, 303: 107-114., articleTitle=Chlorogenic acid reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272137355608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2012.02.045, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=586, issue=null, pageStart=1022, pageEnd=1026, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=FEBS Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiao Y, Wang P, Qi J, et al. TLR-induced NF-κB activation regulates NLRP3 expression in murine macrophages[J]. FEBS Lett, 2012, 586: 1022-1026., articleTitle=TLR-induced NF-κB activation regulates NLRP3 expression in murine macrophages, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272212853081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1124/mol.116.108100, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=256, pageEnd=264, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang S, Xie X, Lei T, et al. Statins attenuate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by oxidized LDL or TNFα in vascular endothelial cells through a PXR-dependent mechanism[J]. Mol Pharmacol, 2017, 92: 256-264., articleTitle=Statins attenuate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by oxidized LDL or TNFα in vascular endothelial cells through a PXR-dependent mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272309322075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1038/s41590-021-00886-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=550, pageEnd=559, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharma BR, Kanneganti TD. NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases[J]. Nat Immunol, 2021, 22: 550-559., articleTitle=NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272389013853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1038/nature15514, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=526, issue=null, pageStart=660, pageEnd=665, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi J, Zhao Y, Wang K, et al. Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death[J]. Nature, 2015, 526: 660-665., articleTitle=Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272460317024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1038/s41577-019-0228-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=null, pageStart=143, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Broz P, Pelegrín P, Shao F. The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2020, 20: 143-157., articleTitle=The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272552591715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1038/s41577-019-0165-0, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=477, pageEnd=489, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Swanson KV, Deng M, Ting JP. The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2019, 19: 477-489., articleTitle=The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960272623894886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, doi=10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.057, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=164, issue=null, pageStart=896, pageEnd=910, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong Z, Umemura A, Sanchez-Lopez E, et al. NF-κB restricts inflammasome activation via elimination of damaged mitochondria[J]. Cell, 2016, 164: 896-910., articleTitle=NF-κB restricts inflammasome activation via elimination of damaged mitochondria, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960267737530585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, awardId=81773871, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773871), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960258161935101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258170323710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960258178712319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, companyId=1198960258161935101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960264839266408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oPQvDAroKt7ml4dj7Qa84g==, figureFileBig=eMaDPI5Wr/J4Un0dWi+gyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265078341741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Experimental flow of Yinchenzhufu decoction (YCZFD) against lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. PCN: Pregnenolone-16<i>α</i>-carbonitrile , figureFileSmall=oPQvDAroKt7ml4dj7Qa84g==, figureFileBig=eMaDPI5Wr/J4Un0dWi+gyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265388720251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XyGPytdB24fYE+PYL0EWVg==, figureFileBig=4VpJ0ZHzsjjvNeDV6Xy2jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265602629763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of YCZFD on liver injury in cholestatic mice. A: Biochemical analysis of the serum of mice from different groups. B: Histological analysis of liver tissues obtained from different groups. Hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue sections was marked by arrow. YCZFD-L, YCZFD-M, YCZFD-H, refer to the administered dose of YCZFD as 3, 6, 12 g of crude drug·kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight, respectively. <i>n</i> = 9 (model group), <i>n</i> = 10 (others), mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=XyGPytdB24fYE+PYL0EWVg==, figureFileBig=4VpJ0ZHzsjjvNeDV6Xy2jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265720070279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R61SsgmtvanCQ9+2Yx7W2Q==, figureFileBig=ZxaJuaxpz7KOqzb+GaNwcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960265875259534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of YCZFD in the treatment of cholestasis liver injury , figureFileSmall=R61SsgmtvanCQ9+2Yx7W2Q==, figureFileBig=ZxaJuaxpz7KOqzb+GaNwcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266013671569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NYyKgyVGQc6b3hra2roQXQ==, figureFileBig=r+pHucCUqXtvfxNQJ2zU8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266147889306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Gene oncology (GO) analysis (A) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis (B) of YCZFD in the treatment of cholestasis liver injury , figureFileSmall=NYyKgyVGQc6b3hra2roQXQ==, figureFileBig=r+pHucCUqXtvfxNQJ2zU8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266286301344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qcTK0rbEu8KNI7YodQRgUQ==, figureFileBig=teiQHsUk9hP9qWvmxrY3QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266395353252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Docking analysis of YCZFD core active components and key protein molecules. A: Heatmap of the docking scores between the core components in YCZFD and the key targets for the treatment of cholestatic liver injury; B: Molecular docking simulation of bioactive compounds-core targets. a: Glycyrrhetinic acid docking IL-1<i>β</i> (docking score = -8.3); b: Glycyrrhetinic acid docking FXR (docking score = -8.3); c: Glycyrrhetinic acid docking SRC (docking score = -10.1); d: Chlorogenic acid docking TNF (docking score = -7.2); e: Chlorogenic acid docking FXR (docking score = -7.3); f: Chlorogenic acid docking SRC (docking score = -7.7) , figureFileSmall=qcTK0rbEu8KNI7YodQRgUQ==, figureFileBig=teiQHsUk9hP9qWvmxrY3QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266521182377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yl278G6IiIYeSHXHiTghzw==, figureFileBig=ar8Ac75Hu2UGqhRQw/8kRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266663788719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of YCZFD on the bile acid levels of liver tissues in LCA-induced cholestatic mice. A, B: Influence of YCZFD on individual bile acid of liver tissues of cholestatic mice; C: Influence of YCZFD on unconjugated, glycine-conjugated, taurine-conjugated bile acids and their sum of liver tissues of cholestatic mice. LCA+ YCZFD: LCA-induced mice pretreated with YCZFD at a dose of 12 g of crude drug·kg<sup>-1</sup>, the same as following figures. <i>n</i> = 9 (model group), <i>n</i> = 10 (others), mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> LCA group , figureFileSmall=yl278G6IiIYeSHXHiTghzw==, figureFileBig=ar8Ac75Hu2UGqhRQw/8kRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266818977974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GCEEOF8StVizLL2suML/8w==, figureFileBig=rDBRF1iLz+J+EQ3JU5iR6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960266944807099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effect of YCZFD on nuclear receptors, transporters and metabolic enzymes in liver tissues of LCA induced cholestatic mice. A: Relative mRNA expression of nuclear receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters of liver tissues in different groups; B: Relative protein expression of FXR, MRP2, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1 of liver tissues in different groups. <i>n</i> = 5 (A), mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> LCA group , figureFileSmall=GCEEOF8StVizLL2suML/8w==, figureFileBig=rDBRF1iLz+J+EQ3JU5iR6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960267049664704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BWC5tiAlShDP0GvSyTUl9w==, figureFileBig=6WA3k/gr472/mnPWA2Jttg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960267183882438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Effect of YCZFD on NF-<i>κ</i>B/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway (A) and pyroptosis (B) in liver tissues of LCA induced cholestatic mice. <i>n</i> = 5 (A), mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> LCA group , figureFileSmall=BWC5tiAlShDP0GvSyTUl9w==, figureFileBig=6WA3k/gr472/mnPWA2Jttg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960267326488779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Species Forward primer Reverse primer
Gapdh Mice AGGTCGGTGTGAACGATTTG GGGGTCGTTGATGGCAACA
Nf-κb Mice ACTCCCACTTCCCCAAAAAC CCACAGCTGAAGGACTCACA
Il-6 Mice ACTCCCACTTCCCCAAAAAC CCACAGCTGAAGGACTCACA
Tlr4 Mice TGGACCTGAGCTTTAATCCC GATTTCACACCTGGATAAATCCAG
Il-1β Mice AACCTGCTGGTGTGTGACGTTC CAGCACGAGGCTTTTTTGTTGT
Nlrp3 Mice ATTACCCGCCCGAGAAAGG TCGCAGCAAAGATCCACACAG
Tnf-α Mice GGTTCTCTTCAAGGGACAAGG TGGAAGACTCCTCCCAGGTAT
Ntcp Mice CAAACCTCAGAAGGACCAAACA GTAGGAGGATTATTCCCGTTGTG
Oatp1b2 Mice GCACTGCGATGGATTCAGGAT AGCTTTGGTGGGTGTAGCTTG
Mrp3 Mice CTGGGTCCCCTGCATCTAC GCCGTCTTGAGCCTGGATAAC
Mrp4 Mice CATCGCGGTAACCGTCCTC CCGCAGTTTTACTCCGCAG
Bsep Mice TCTGACTCAGTGATTCTTCGCA CCCATAAACATCAGCCAGTTGT
Mrp2 Mice GCTGCTGAATAACTCCAAGCAT CACAACGAACACCTGCTTGG
Ugt1a1 Mice GCTTCTTCCGTACCTTCTGTTG GCTGCTGAATAACTCCAAGCAT
Cyp7a1 Mice CCAGGCACAGGAGAGTACG GGGCAAGTGCAGCACATAG
Cyp27a1 Mice GAATCTAACCAGGCCATGCT AGGAGCTGGCACCTAGACT
Cyp3a11 Mice GGATGAGATCGATGAGGCTCTG CAGGTATTCCATCTCCATCACAGT
Cyp2b10 Mice TGCTGTCGTTGAGCCAACC CCACTAAACATTGGGCTTCCT
Pxr Mice GATGGAGGTCTTCAAATCTGCC CAGCCGGACATTGCGTTTC
Car Mice CCCTGACAGACCCGGAGTTA GCCGAGACTGTTGTTCCATAAT
Fxr Mice GGCAGAATCTGGATTTGGAATCG GCTGAACTTGAGGAAACGGG
Mdr3 Mice CAGCAGTCAGTGTGCTTACAA CAGCAGTCAGTGTGCTTACAA
), ArticleFig(id=1198960267427152079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656287060885925, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for real-time PCR. GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Nf-κb: Nuclear factor-κb; IL: Interleukin; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; NLRP3: NOD-like receptors 3; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; Ntcp: Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; Oatp1b2: Organic anion transporting polypeptides 1b2; Mrp: Multidrug resistance-associated protein; Bsep: Bile saltexport pump; Ugt1a1: UDP glucuronidase transferase 1a1; Cyp7a1: Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase; Cyp27a1: Cytochrome P450 27a1; Cyp3a11: Cytochrome P450 3a11; Cyp2b10: Cytochrome P450 2b10; PXR: Pregnane X receptor; CAR: Constitutive androstane receptor; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Species Forward primer Reverse primer
Gapdh Mice AGGTCGGTGTGAACGATTTG GGGGTCGTTGATGGCAACA
Nf-κb Mice ACTCCCACTTCCCCAAAAAC CCACAGCTGAAGGACTCACA
Il-6 Mice ACTCCCACTTCCCCAAAAAC CCACAGCTGAAGGACTCACA
Tlr4 Mice TGGACCTGAGCTTTAATCCC GATTTCACACCTGGATAAATCCAG
Il-1β Mice AACCTGCTGGTGTGTGACGTTC CAGCACGAGGCTTTTTTGTTGT
Nlrp3 Mice ATTACCCGCCCGAGAAAGG TCGCAGCAAAGATCCACACAG
Tnf-α Mice GGTTCTCTTCAAGGGACAAGG TGGAAGACTCCTCCCAGGTAT
Ntcp Mice CAAACCTCAGAAGGACCAAACA GTAGGAGGATTATTCCCGTTGTG
Oatp1b2 Mice GCACTGCGATGGATTCAGGAT AGCTTTGGTGGGTGTAGCTTG
Mrp3 Mice CTGGGTCCCCTGCATCTAC GCCGTCTTGAGCCTGGATAAC
Mrp4 Mice CATCGCGGTAACCGTCCTC CCGCAGTTTTACTCCGCAG
Bsep Mice TCTGACTCAGTGATTCTTCGCA CCCATAAACATCAGCCAGTTGT
Mrp2 Mice GCTGCTGAATAACTCCAAGCAT CACAACGAACACCTGCTTGG
Ugt1a1 Mice GCTTCTTCCGTACCTTCTGTTG GCTGCTGAATAACTCCAAGCAT
Cyp7a1 Mice CCAGGCACAGGAGAGTACG GGGCAAGTGCAGCACATAG
Cyp27a1 Mice GAATCTAACCAGGCCATGCT AGGAGCTGGCACCTAGACT
Cyp3a11 Mice GGATGAGATCGATGAGGCTCTG CAGGTATTCCATCTCCATCACAGT
Cyp2b10 Mice TGCTGTCGTTGAGCCAACC CCACTAAACATTGGGCTTCCT
Pxr Mice GATGGAGGTCTTCAAATCTGCC CAGCCGGACATTGCGTTTC
Car Mice CCCTGACAGACCCGGAGTTA GCCGAGACTGTTGTTCCATAAT
Fxr Mice GGCAGAATCTGGATTTGGAATCG GCTGAACTTGAGGAAACGGG
Mdr3 Mice CAGCAGTCAGTGTGCTTACAA CAGCAGTCAGTGTGCTTACAA
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于网络药理学的茵陈术附汤抗石胆酸诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用机制研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
章林聪 , 吴家胜 , 田甜 , 李园园 , 王天明 , 马越鸣 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3366-3378
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3366-3378
基于网络药理学的茵陈术附汤抗石胆酸诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用机制研究
全屏
章林聪, 吴家胜, 田甜, 李园园, 王天明, 马越鸣*
作者信息
  • 上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*马越鸣, Tel / Fax: 86-21-51322386, E-mail:
Protective mechanism of Yinchenzhufu decoction against cholestatic liver injury induced by lithic acid based on network pharmacology
Lin-cong ZHANG, Jia-sheng WU, Tian TIAN, Yuan-yuan LI, Tian-ming WANG, Yue-ming MA*
Affiliations
  • School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568
文章导航
收藏切换

茵陈术附汤(Yinchenzhufu decoction, YCZFD) 是治疗阴黄证的经典方剂, 可改善胆汁淤积性肝损伤, 但作用机制尚不完全清楚, 本文运用网络药理学、分子对接、动物实验和分子生物学方法, 探讨YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤机制。采用石胆酸(lithocholic acid, LCA) 诱导的急性胆汁淤积小鼠模型, 考察YCZFD给药2周对小鼠肝功能指标及肝脏组织形态学的影响。动物实验经上海中医药大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会批准, 伦理编号为: PZSHUTCM190823002。结果显示, YCZFD可降低模型小鼠血生化指标水平, 改善肝细胞损伤; 运用多个数据库预测YCZFD活性成分与胆汁淤积性肝损伤对应靶点。利用String数据库和Cytoscape软件构建交集靶点PPI网络(protein-protein interaction networks), 显示YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能核心靶点与肿瘤坏死因子、白介素-1β、非受体酪氨酸激酶Src、白介素-6等有关, 基于Metascape平台进行GO (gene ontology) 和KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) 富集分析, 发现YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能与其调节肿瘤坏死因子信号通路、核因子-κB信号通路、胆汁分泌等相关, 并运用了AutoDockTools软件对YCZFD影响的核心靶点和核心成分进行分子对接验证。为验证网络药理学结果, 采用UPLC-MS/MS方法测定小鼠肝脏中胆汁酸谱水平, 显示YCZFD使模型小鼠肝脏中游离胆汁酸、牛磺酸结合型胆汁酸和总胆汁酸水平明显下降; 通过real-time PCR和Western blot方法, 发现YCZFD干预可上调胆汁淤积小鼠肝脏法尼醇X受体及代谢酶(尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1a1)、外排转运体(胆盐外排泵、多药耐药相关蛋白2、多药耐药相关蛋白3等) 表达, 促进胆汁酸代谢和外排, 改善胆汁酸稳态, 抑制NOD样受体家族3活化介导的细胞焦亡及炎症反应, 改善胆汁淤积性肝损伤。

茵陈术附汤  /  石胆酸  /  网络药理学  /  胆汁淤积性肝损伤  /  胆汁酸稳态  /  细胞焦亡

Yinchenzhufu decoction (YCZFD) is a classic formula for treating Yin Huang syndrome, which can improve liver injury caused by cholestasis. However, the mechanism of action of YCZFD still remains unclear. This article used network pharmacology, molecular docking, animal experiments, and molecular biology methods to explore the mechanism of YCZFD in treating liver injury caused by cholestasis. A mouse model of acute cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid was used to investigate the effects of YCZFD on liver injury. The experimental procedures described in this paper were reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval NO. PZSHUTCM190823002). The results showed that YCZFD could reduce the levels of blood biochemical indicators and improve hepatocyte damage of cholestatic mice. Then, multiple databases were used to predict the corresponding targets of YCZFD active components on cholestatic liver injury. An intersection target protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on String database and Cytoscape software was used to demonstrate the possible core targets of YCZFD against cholestatic liver injury. The results indicated that core targets of YCZFD include tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, interleukin-6, etc. GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis indicated that YCZFD may regulate the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, bile secretion, and other related factors to ameliorate the cholestatic liver injury. AutoDockTools software was used to perform molecular docking verification on the core targets and components of YCZFD. To verify the results of network pharmacology, UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the effect of YCZFD on levels of bile acid profiles in mouse liver tissues. It was found that treatment with YCZFD significantly reduced the content of free bile acids, taurine bound bile acids, and total bile acids in the liver tissues of cholestatic mice. Then, results from real time PCR and Western blot also found that YCZFD can upregulate the expression of hepatic nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, metabolizing enzyme (UDP glucuronidase transferase 1a1), and efflux transporters (bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, etc) in cholestasis mice, promote bile acid metabolism and excretion, and improve bile acid homeostasis. Moreover, YCZFD can also inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation by regulating NOD-like receptors 3 pathway, thereby inhibiting cholestatic liver injury.

Yinchenzhufu decoction  /  lithocholic acid  /  network pharmacology  /  cholestatic liver injury  /  bile acid homeostasis  /  pyroptosis
章林聪, 吴家胜, 田甜, 李园园, 王天明, 马越鸣. 基于网络药理学的茵陈术附汤抗石胆酸诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3366 -3378 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568
Lin-cong ZHANG, Jia-sheng WU, Tian TIAN, Yuan-yuan LI, Tian-ming WANG, Yue-ming MA. Protective mechanism of Yinchenzhufu decoction against cholestatic liver injury induced by lithic acid based on network pharmacology[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3366 -3378 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568
胆汁淤积性肝病是由于各种因素引起的胆汁形成、分泌和/或胆汁排泄障碍而导致肝脏损伤的肝胆疾病[1], 临床上发病率较高[2]。原发性胆汁性胆管炎(primary biliary cholangitis, PBC) 和原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis, PSC) 是胆汁淤积性肝病临床常见类型。熊去氧胆酸(ursodesoxycholic acid, UDCA) 和奥贝胆酸(obeticholic acid, OCA) 是美国FDA批准用于治疗PBC患者的主要药物, 但约40%的患者对UDCA无应答, 5%~10%的患者出现不耐受的现象[3], OCA的长期应用可能会引起严重的瘙痒和心血管风险等不良反应[4], 临床研究显示贝特类药物有助于改善PBC的临床症状, 但对于PSC患者的作用尚不明确。针对胆汁淤积性肝病, 仍需要探索新的治疗策略。
胆汁淤积性肝病属于中医“黄疸”范畴, 茵陈术附汤(Yinchenzhufu decoction, YCZFD) 是中医治疗阴黄证的代表方剂, 源于清朝程国彭所著的《医学心悟》, 具有“温阳化湿, 利胆退黄”之功。临床研究表明, 茵陈术附汤或其加减方治疗PSC等多种肝胆类疾病疗效确切[5, 6], 实验研究发现茵陈术附汤的作用机制可能与抑制细胞凋亡[7]、促进胆红素代谢[8]等有关。本课题组前期研究发现, 茵陈术附汤抗α-萘异硫氰酸酯(alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate, ANIT) 诱导的急性胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用与逆转胆汁酸紊乱、减轻炎症反应有关[9]; 并对1, 4-二氢-3, 5-吡啶二甲酸二乙酯(3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydroxycollidink, DDC) 诱导的慢性胆汁淤积性肝损伤也具有显著保护作用, 然而, 茵陈术附汤抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤的具体作用机制及网络靶点至今尚不清楚, 且模型形成皆由化学毒物引起。石胆酸(lithocholic acid, LCA) 作为体内肝毒性最强的单体胆汁酸[10], 与如ANIT和DDC等的化学毒物相比, 更能模拟人自然条件下引起的胆汁淤积性肝损伤, 且有研究表明胆汁淤积患者的循环血液中LCA水平升高[11], LCA诱导的小鼠模型也是经典的胆汁淤积性肝损伤模型[12]。网络药理学能从整体和系统方面阐释药物治疗疾病的多靶点效应, 有利于发现或鉴定中药的有效成分及作用靶点, 网络药理学研究为阐释中医方剂的复杂机制提供重要策略[13]。本研究基于网络药理学与动物实验验证相结合, 探索茵陈术附汤治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤的作用靶点及通路, 阐明茵陈术附汤治疗胆汁淤积性肝病的作用机制, 为其进一步研发提供基础和科学依据。
实验动物   健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠, 体重为20 ± 2 g, 购自上海维通利华实验动物有限公司, 许可证号为SCXK (沪) 2021-0006, 于上海中医药大学动物实验中心清洁级饲养室饲养。动物实验经上海中医药大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会批准, 伦理编号为: PZSHUTCM190823002。
药材   茵陈Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (210228陕西)、蜜麸炒白术Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (210430浙江)、肉桂Cinnamomum cassia Presl. (210429广西)、熟附片Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (210309四川)、干姜Zingiber officinale Rosc. (210403山东) 购买于上海康桥药业有限公司; 蜜炙甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (2106034内蒙古) 购买于四川新荷花中药饮片股份有限公司。所有中药饮片经上海中医药大学中药学院生药教研室吴靳荣副教授鉴定。
试剂   玉米油(8001-30-7)、石胆酸(434-13-9) 购买于阿拉丁试剂有限公司; PCN (pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile, C3884) 购买于美国APEXBIO公司; 甲醛水溶液(20190416)、异丙醇(20170926)、无水乙醇(20170918)、甲醇(20170515)、氯仿(20130115) 购买于国药集团化学试剂有限公司; 碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP) 测定试剂盒(01ALP200212) 购买于北京润诺思医疗科技有限公司; 总胆汁酸(total bile acid, TBA) 测定试剂盒(ZCJULS005) 购买于上海执诚生物技术有限公司; 总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL) 测定试剂盒(60143000)、复合校准品(50257657/28500)、正常值复合质控品(50262932/28657)、病理值复合质控品(50262933/28658) 购买于德国德赛诊断系统有限公司; 直接胆红素(direct bilirubin, DBIL) 检测试剂盒(210120101)、多项生化质控品(210115101) 购买于美康生物科技股份公司; 非定值复合质控品(201113) 购买于上海惠中生物科技有限公司; 谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase, ALT) 测试盒(C009-2-1)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 测试盒(C010-2-1) 购买于南京建成科技有限公司; RNase free dH2O (D2215)、总RNA抽提试剂盒(9109)、逆转录试剂盒(RP047A)、SYBR®Premix Ex Taq TMⅡ (RR820A) 购买于日本TaKaRa公司; TRIS (0794C099)、SDS (2875C153) 购买于美国Amresco公司; 快速封闭液(P0252)、一抗稀释液(P0256)、二抗稀释液(P0258)、ECL显影液A/B (P0018AS-1/2) 购买于上海碧云天生物技术有限公司; PVDF膜(R9H447020) 购买于德国Merck Millipore公司。
抗体   NOD样受体家族3 (NOD-like receptors 3, NLRP3, ab263899)、白介素-18 (interleukin-18, IL-18, ab207323)、成孔蛋白(gasdermin D, GSDMD, ab209845)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase, caspase-1, ab179515)、多药耐药相关蛋白2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, MRP2, ab203397) 购买于英国Abcam公司; 核受体亚家族1 H组成员4 (nuclear receptor 1 subfamily group H member 4, NR1H4, 25055-1-AP) 购买于美国Proteintech公司; 含有CARD的适配器凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD, ASC, 67824T)、白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β, 12426S)、核转录因子-κB (nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB, 8242S)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin, 3700T) 购买于美国Cell Signaling Technology公司; 胆固醇7α羟化酶(cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, CYP7A1, A10615)、甾醇-27-羟化酶(cytochrome P450 27A1, CYP27A1, A23250) 购自于武汉ABclonal生物科技有限公司。
仪器   东芝TBA-40FR生化分析仪(日本东芝公司); XS105电子天平(Mettler Toledo公司); 旋转蒸发仪(上海申生科技有限公司); XMTD-8222真空干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司); 5430R冷冻离心机(德国Eppendorf公司); 普通PCR仪、StepOnePlus实时荧光定量PCR仪(美国Applied Biosystems公司); TissueLyserII组织匀浆机(德国QIAGEN公司); SIM-F140AY65制冰机(日本SANYO公司); FluorChem E凝胶成像系统(美国Protein Simple公司)。
药物制备   茵陈术附汤提取物粉末按照课题组前期[14]的方法制备: 取白术(360 g)、肉桂(60 g) 和干姜(90 g), 通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油, 计算得率, 药渣与茵陈(180 g)、熟附片(90 g) 和蜜炙甘草(180 g) 3种原料混合, 分别用10倍量和8倍量的水, 煮沸后提取1 h, 收集并合并两次滤液, 经冷冻干燥后获得提取物粉末, 并计算得率, 按文献[14]方法进行质量分析; 给药时, 按等量生药量, 将制备的浸膏粉经纯水溶解后, 与相应量的挥发油充分混匀后给药。
动物分组及实验   小鼠适应性饲养1周后, 根据体重随机分组: 正常组(control)、模型对照组(LCA)、茵陈术附汤低剂量组(LCA+YCZFD-L)、茵陈术附汤中剂量组(LCA+YCZFD-M)、茵陈术附汤高剂量组(LCA+YCZFD-H) 及阳性药组(LCA+PCN), LCA+YCZFD-L、M、H组分别每kg体重灌胃给药3、6、12 g生药的YCZFD, 连续给药14天, 每日1次, 其余各组灌胃等容量饮用水, 给药体积为0.2 mL/10 g。于YCZFD组给药第7天开始, LCA+PCN组灌胃给药50 mg·kg-1 PCN, 连续给药7天, 每日1次, 于YCZFD给药第10天造模, 除正常组外, 其余各组腹腔注射150 mg·kg-1石胆酸, 每日1次, 连续4天, 正常组给予等容量空白玉米油, 造模体积为0.2 mL/10 g, 详情实验流程见图 1, 于第14天造模12 h后, 将各组实验动物麻醉后处死, 采集血、肝脏等样品。
血生化指标检测及肝脏组织H&E染色   使用ALT和AST测试盒测定血清ALT和AST的含量变化。使用全自动生化分析仪检测ALP、TBA、TBIL和DBIL的含量变化。对固定的肝大叶标本进行石蜡包埋、切片及H&E染色, 观察显微镜下肝脏病变情况, 实验由武汉塞维尔生物有限公司提供技术支持。
成分相关靶点及疾病靶点预测   根据课题组前期研究[14]获得茵陈术附汤体内化学成分, 在Pubchem中获得化学成分的Canonical SMILES; 将此字符串输入Swiss Target Prediction数据库中进行靶点预测, 得到成分对应靶基因。以“cholestatic liver injury”为关键词分别在GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET、DRUGBANK、PharmGKB数据库中进行搜索, 将获取的疾病靶点上传至Jvene网站绘制韦恩图, 去除重复靶点, 得到胆汁淤积性肝损伤(cholestatic liver injury) 相关的基因靶点。通过Venny网站绘制韦恩图, 获得交集靶点, 并利用Cytoscape3.7.2软件构建药物化学成分-靶点网络图, 获得YCZFD治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能的核心成分。
PPI (protein-protein interaction) 网络构建   将交集靶点上传STRING数据库构建PPI网络, 利用Cytoscape3.7.2软件对其进行分析, 获得YCZFD治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能的关键靶点。
富集通路分析   使用Metascape数据库对交集靶点进行GO (gene ontology)和KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) 富集通路分析, 获得YCZFD治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤的生物过程和潜在信号通路, 并作可视化分析。
分子对接   利用Pubchem获得核心成分的2D分子结构, 用PDB数据库获得关键靶点的三维结构, 通过AutoDock Tools软件进行分子对接验证, 并使用PyMOL软件作可视化分析。
肝脏胆汁酸浓度检测   取正常组、模型组及茵陈术附汤高剂量组小鼠肝组织, 加入纯水(1∶9) 匀浆后, 离心取上清, 同标准系列溶液, 加入5 μL D4-牛磺熊去氧胆酸(D4-tauroursodeoxycholic acid, D4-TUDCA) 充分混匀后, 加入150 μL乙腈, 涡旋振荡使蛋白沉淀, 离心后取上清液进样。
在ACQUITY UPLC-Triple-Quadrupole 5500质谱上利用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) 色谱柱进行色谱峰分离; 流动相为A: 2 mmol·L-1醋酸铵含0.01%甲酸溶液, B: 乙腈/甲醇(19∶1, v/v) 含0.01%甲酸溶液, 自动进样器温度: 8 ℃; 流速: 0.45 mL·min-1; 柱温: 45 ℃; 进样体积: 5 μL。洗脱程序如下0~2 min: 20% B; 2~3 min: 20%~25% B; 3~6 min: 25% B; 6~8 min: 25%~35%; 8~11.5 min: 35% B; 11.5~18 min: 35%~99% B; 18~19 min: 99% B; 19~20 min: 99%~20% B。
电喷雾离子源(ESI): 离子源温度: 120 ℃; 脱溶剂温度: 350 ℃; 脱溶剂气(N2) 流速: 600.0 L·h-1; 锥孔气(N2) 流速: 5.0 L·h-1; 毛细管电压: 2.8 kV; 锥孔电压: 55 V; 扫描模式: 多反应监测(MRM)。
采用Analyst Software1.6分析软件处理数据: 加权(W=1/X 2) 最小二乘法进行线性回归, 求出各成分的标准曲线, 各检测样品通过标准曲线计算得出含量。
PCR实验   取正常组、模型组及茵陈术附汤高剂量组小鼠肝组织, 运用试剂盒提取总RNA, 测定浓度后, 将RNA母液配置成1 500 ng·μL-1 RNA样品, 通过EZB试剂盒方法逆转录后, 使用Step One Plus仪器进行real-time PCR扩增, 检测与胆汁分泌相关的胆汁酸代谢酶、转运体、核受体、NF-κB、NLRP3炎症小体及细胞焦亡相关靶点的mRNA表达, 目标基因相对表达量以GAPDH作为内参, 通过2-△△Ct法进行计算, 引物如表 1
Western blot实验    取正常组、模型组及茵陈术附汤高剂量组小鼠肝组织, 用含1% PMSF的RIPA提取总蛋白, 运用BCA法对蛋白含量进行测定, 获得蛋白母液, 根据不同目的蛋白分子量选择相应的SDS-PAGE凝胶后, 进行电泳分离及转膜, 一抗、二抗按说明书稀释, 一抗4 ℃孵育过夜, 二抗室温孵育1 h后, 运用Protein Simple成像分析仪曝光及扫描, 结果通过内参β-actin校正。
统计学分析   图表中结果以“均值±标准误”的形式表示。运用SPSS21.0统计软件进行数据分析, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, 方差齐采用最小显著性差异法(LSD)、方差不齐时采用Dunnett′s进行两组间比较。当数据呈非正态分布时, 采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis H检验。P < 0.05被认为存在显著性差异。
结果由图 2A可见, 与正常组相比, LCA模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、TBA、DBIL和TBIL指标均显著升高, 茵陈术附汤干预治疗后, 与模型组相比, 茵陈术附汤可以显著降低胆汁淤积小鼠血清ALT、ALP、TBA、DBIL和TBIL水平。阳性药PCN对LCA诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤小鼠血生化指标均有降低作用。肝组织H&E染色结果显示, 正常组肝细胞形态正常, 排列规则, 无变性坏死现象; LCA造模4天后, 模型组小鼠肝脏汇管区可见明显的胆管细胞增生、炎性细胞浸润及肝细胞坏死; 经茵陈术附汤干预后, 胆汁淤积小鼠肝脏病变均得到了明显改善, 汇管区炎症细胞浸润及肝细胞坏死面积显著减少(图 2B)。
通过Swiss Target Prediction数据库对活性成分进行靶点预测, 将得到的成分对应靶点汇总后, 取probability值大于平均值的靶点, 并进行去重后共得到735个靶点。
通过GeneCards数据库得到胆汁淤积性肝损伤相关靶点847个、通过OMIM数据库获得94个、通过DisGeNET数据库获得58个、通过DRUGBANK数据库获得点2个、通过PharmGKB数据库获得174个。5个数据库的检索结果合并、去重, 得到954个靶点。
将茵陈术附汤成分对应的735个靶点和胆汁淤积性肝损伤的954个疾病靶点通过Venny网站构建韦恩图, 得到交集靶点160个。将160个潜在靶点处理后映射回活性成分后, 利用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件绘制可视化网络图。从图中分析得出, 茵陈术附汤治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤的核心活性成分是: quercetin、7, 4'-dihydroxyflavone、atractylenolide I、capillarol、benzoylhypaconine、songoramine、chlorogenic acid、liquiritin、glycyrrhetinic acid、formononetin。
将160个交集靶点上传至STRING数据库, 构建PPI网络, 之后利用Cytoscape软件构建可视化网络图(图 3)。图中显示有141个节点, 726条边。通过Centiscape2.2分析计算, 筛选出degree大于44.662 42, betweenness centrality大于120.560 50、closeness centrality大于0.003 69的靶点, 并取前10, AKT1基因编码的是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, AKT1)、信号转录及转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, MAPK3)、白蛋白(albumin, ALB)、非受体酪氨酸激酶Src (non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, SRC)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)、IL1B、IL6、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, MAPK1)、雌激素受体1 (estrogen receptor 1, ESR1), 提示这些靶点可能是茵陈术附汤治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤的潜在关键靶点。
将前面得到的160个交集靶点导入Metascape数据库, 对其进行GO生物功能富集分析, 共确定1 995个GO条目, 如图 4A所示, 其中靶点经生物过程(biological process, BP) 有1 720个条目, 主要涉及细胞对脂质的反应、类固醇代谢过程、炎症反应的调节等; 细胞组分(cellular component, CC) 有95个条目, 主要涉及核受体活性、羧酸结合、蛋白激酶结合等; 分子功能(molecular function, MF) 有180个条目, 主要涉及膜筏、受体复合物、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂复合物等。KEGG信号通路功能富集分析结果显示, 茵陈术附汤治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤主要涉及TNF信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、胆汁分泌(bile secretion) 等(图 4B)。
将YCZFD核心活性成分及PPI网络分析中获取且与关键蛋白SRC、IL1B、IL6、TNF、FXR进行分子对接分析, 获得对接分数热点图(图 5A)。分子对接结果显示, 10个核心成分与5个关键靶蛋白的结合能均小于-5.0 kcal·mol-1, 表明它们之间具有潜在的结合活性。运用Pymol软件做分子对接示意图, 展示氢键结合位点, 如图 5B所示。
与模型组相比, 茵陈术附汤给药组小鼠肝脏胆汁酸如牛磺熊去氧胆酸(tauroursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA)、牛磺去氧胆酸(taurodeoxycholic acid, TDCA)、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(taurochenodeoxycholic acid, TCDCA)、牛磺酸胆酸(taurocholic acid, TCA)、牛磺石胆酸(taurolithocholic acid, TLCA)、牛磺猪去氧胆酸(taurohyodeoxycholic acid, THDCA)、牛黄-α/β/ω-鼠胆酸(tauro-α/β/ω-muricholic acidcholic acid, T-α/β/ω-MCA)、去氧胆酸(deoxycholic acid, DCA)、鹅去氧胆酸(chenodeoxycholic acid, CDCA)、LCA、β/ω-鼠胆酸(β/ω-muricholic acidcholic acid, β/ω-MCA) 等水平显著降低, 胆汁酸分类分析结果显示, 与模型组相比, 茵陈术附汤组小鼠肝脏样本总胆汁酸、牛磺酸结合型胆汁酸和游离胆汁酸水平均显著降低(图 6)。
图 7A结果所示, 与正常组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠肝脏胆汁酸合成酶Cyp7a1Cyp27a1, Ⅱ相代谢酶Ugt1a1, 摄取转运体NtcpOatp1b2, 外排转运体BsepMrp2Mrp3Mrp4及核受体FxrCar的mRNA表达均明显下调, YCZFD组核受体FxrCar, 合成酶Cyp7a1Cyp27a1, 代谢酶Ugt1a1, 摄取转运体NtcpOatp1b2及外排转运体BsepMrp2Mrp3Mrp4的mRNA表达出现了明显上调。与模型组小鼠相比, YCZFD可上调模型小鼠肝脏中FXR和MRP2的蛋白表达, 回调肝组织CYP7A1和CYP27A1的蛋白表达(图 7B)。
图 8A所示, real-time PCR结果显示, 与正常组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠肝脏中Tlr4Nlrp3及下游Il-1βIl-6Tnf-α的mRNA表达显著上升, 提示模型组小鼠有明显的NLRP3通路活化和炎性反应发生, 经YCZFD干预后, 小鼠肝脏中Tlr4Nlrp3及下游Il-1βIl-6Tnf-α的mRNA表达出现了明显的下调。如图 8B所示, 与正常组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠肝脏细胞NF-κB、炎性小体NLRP3、焦亡蛋白GSDMD、ASC、caspase-1及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-18蛋白表达水平显著升高, 经YCZFD干预后, NF-κB、NLRP3、细胞焦亡及炎症因子蛋白表达显著降低, 上述结果提示YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤与其阻滞NLRP3通路活化、抑制细胞焦亡及炎症有关。
胆汁淤积是多种肝病常见病症, 主要以胆汁流受阻及胆汁酸(BAs) 肝细胞积聚[15]为主要特征, 如未有效治疗, 胆汁淤积可进展为肝纤维化、肝硬变甚至肝衰竭[16]。茵陈术附汤治疗多种肝脏疾病疗效显著, 前期研究发现茵陈术附汤具有抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用, 但作用机制尚不完全清楚。LCA是毒性胆汁酸成分之一, 是诱发肝毒性的内源性物质, 在肝病患者血清中显著增加[17]。正常情况下, LCA主要在肝脏中转化为牛磺酸缀合物并转运至胆管, 然而过量的LCA会导致间隙连接蛋白的丢失和胆汁渗透梯度的崩溃, 从而导致BAs跨膜运动减少并随后在肝脏中积累[18]。在本研究中, 肝组织病理形态显示LCA造模后, 小鼠肝实质细胞明显坏死, 经YCZFD干预后, 小鼠肝实质细胞坏死得到改善, 小鼠肝组织炎性浸润情况显著改善。ALT和AST是肝损伤的标志物, 在肝细胞中, ALT主要存在于胞浆内, 而大约80% AST存在于线粒体内[19]。当肝细胞膜受损, 细胞膜通透性发生变化时, 胞浆内的转氨酶便会释放入血, 在急性肝损伤的情况下ALT漏出率大于AST, ALT反映肝细胞损伤的灵敏度较AST高[20], 本实验结果也显示茵陈术附汤干预后可显著改善肝功能指标ALT。ALP、TBIL和DBIL是胆汁淤积的指标[21, 22], 由肝功能结果显示, LCA诱导后, 胆汁淤积小鼠血清ALP、TBIL、DBIL、TBA水平显著升高, 经由茵陈术附汤干预后, ALP、TBIL、DBIL、TBA水平都得到明显改善。本研究结果证实, YCZFD具有减轻LCA诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用。
网络药理学是研究中药或中药复方复杂网络机制的重要策略之一[23]。本实验通过构建PPI网络, 发现茵陈术附汤治疗胆汁淤积性肝损伤关键靶点可能与其调控ATK1、STATS、MAPK3、ALB、SRC、TNF、IL1B、IL6、MAPK1、ESR1等相关。SRC家族激酶是一组位于细胞内的非受体酪氨酸激酶[24], 研究发现PBC患者肝脏FGF19-SRC-FXR通路调控异常, 小鼠体内SRC的下调阻断了FGF19诱导的FXR磷酸化, 导致BA调控异常, 进而加重胆汁淤积损伤[25]。促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6可激活MAPKs和JNK等多种细胞内信号转导途径刺激肝细胞炎症信号应答[26, 27]。动物实验研究显示, 由LCA诱导的胆汁淤积小鼠肝组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达皆出现了明显的上调。YCZFD干预可降低这些炎症因子表达。TNF-α与其受体结合既可以通过NF-κB介导的信号通路激活炎症通路[27], 也可以通过caspase-8[28]诱导凋亡通路。通过交集靶点的GO和KEGG富集通路分析发现, 茵陈术附汤抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤可能与其调控TNF-α、NF-κB信号通路、胆汁分泌等有关。已有研究表明NF-κB信号通路在肝脏疾病的发病机制中发挥关键作用[29], 且在胆汁淤积肝炎中起重要作用[30], 研究还发现胆汁酸肝细胞聚集可驱动胆汁淤积炎症[31]。综合网络药理学结果推测, 茵陈术附汤可能通过调控NF-κB信号通路、胆汁分泌等抑制胆汁淤积性肝损伤。
在验证网络药理学结果中, 动物实验结果显示, LCA诱导的胆汁淤积小鼠肝脏胆汁酸水平升高, 经YCZFD干预后, 胆汁淤积小鼠肝脏中胆汁酸水平显著降低。有研究发现, 在胆汁淤积性肝损伤动物模型中, TCA、MCA、T-β-MCA等胆汁酸成分显著升高并引发肝脏炎症损伤[32], 同时疏水性胆汁酸, 如CDCA在肝细胞内的滞留和积聚[33]被认为是胆汁淤积肝损伤的重要原因[34]。胆汁酸稳态受核受体、转运体及代谢酶调控, 其中胆汁酸合成关键酶CYP7A1及CYP27A1、摄取转运体NTCP及OATP[35]和外排转运体BSEP及MRP2[36]的表达均受到核受体FXR的调控。研究表明, 核受体FXR是BAs调控的中心分子, 是治疗胆汁淤积的关键靶点[37]。FXR激活可诱导小异二聚体伴侣(small hetero-dimer partner, SHP) 的转录[38], 抑制胆汁酸合成酶CYP7A1和CYP27A1减少胆汁酸合成[39], 抑制NTCP及OATP, 减少胆汁酸摄取, 促进BSEP和MRP2表达, 增加胆汁酸外排。本研究发现YCZFD能上调胆汁淤积小鼠肝脏核受体FXR及外排转运体BsepMrp2表达, 从而促进胆汁酸外排, 逆转胆汁酸稳态, 减轻胆汁淤积性肝损伤。实验模型组出现了CYP7A1及CYP27A1蛋白表达下调、NtcpOatp基因表达下调, 可能是胆汁淤积状态下, 胆汁酸在肝细胞内聚集, 合成酶和摄取转运体出现适应性下调, 而YCZFD干预后增强了胆汁酸外排转运, 降低了肝细胞胆汁酸聚集, CYP7A1、CYP27A1、NtcpOatp表现为适应性回调, 说明YCZFD激活FXR诱导外排体表达可能是其主要作用。此外, YCZFD还可上调代谢酶Ugt1a1及外排转运体Mrp3Mrp4的基因表达, 从而促进胆汁酸代谢和外排, 参与了逆转胆汁酸稳态、减轻胆汁淤积性肝损伤的作用。
NF-κB通路在胆汁淤积性肝损伤中发挥关键作用, 无刺激信号时, p-NF-κB位于胞质中, 与NF-κB抑制物(inhibitor of NF-κB, IκB) 结合为复合体形式, 其活性被抑制[40], 炎症发生时, p-NF-κB被转运至细胞核, 并激活下游靶标, 促进炎症细胞因子如IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达[41], 驱动炎症反应, 加剧肝脏炎症及纤维化[42]。动物研究结果显示, 经YCZFD干预后, 小鼠肝脏中NF-κB蛋白表达显著降低, 炎症因子Il-1βIl-6Tnf-αTlr4的mRNA表达均显著下调, 研究结果提示YCZFD作用可能与其调节NF-κB通路有关。
研究表明, 细胞焦亡是胆汁淤积性肝损伤的新型机制, 经典的焦亡途径与NLRP3炎症小体活化有关, NLRP3是一种细胞质多蛋白复合物, 由NLRP3、ASC及caspase-1组成[43]。活化的NLRP3炎症小体可促使ASC和pro-caspase-1裂解出具有蛋白水解活性的caspase-1[44], 活化的caspase-1通过裂解GSDMD, 形成N端的GSDMD[45], 同时活化的caspase-1可以促使pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18裂解, 生成成熟的IL-1β和IL-18, 并通过N端GSDMD形成的质膜空隙释放[46]。NF-κB可以调控炎性小体NLRP3的活化[47], 实验结果显示YCZFD抑制了模型小鼠肝脏NLRP3通路活化, 降低了细胞焦亡蛋白GSDMD、caspase 1和ASC表达, 降低炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18的蛋白水平, 改善了胆汁淤积小鼠肝组织细胞焦亡。
综上所述, YCZFD具有抗LCA诱导的胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用。基于网络药理学、分子生物学及胆汁酸定量分析表明, YCZFD抗胆汁淤积性肝损伤作用与其激活核受体FXR, 上调胆汁酸外排转运体和Ⅱ相代谢酶的表达, 促进胆汁酸的代谢与外排, 逆转胆汁酸稳态紊乱, 抑制由NLRP3介导的细胞焦亡及炎症等有关。
作者贡献: 章林聪负责完成动物实验、网络药理学分析、分子生物学检测与论文撰写; 田甜、王天明、李圆圆参与动物实验处理及数据处理; 吴家胜协助撰写并修订文章; 马越鸣指导研究思路、设计研究方法并修订文章。
利益冲突: 全体作者声明本研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773871)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Poupon R. Cholestasis and cholestatic liver diseases[J]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 2009, 33: 778-788.
[2]
Lamba M, Ngu JH, Stedman CAM. Trends in incidence of autoimmune liver diseases and increasing incidence of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 19: 573-579.
[3]
Gijbels E, Vilas-Boas V, Deferm N, et al. Mechanisms and in vitro models of drug-induced cholestasis[J]. Arch Toxicol, 2019, 93: 1169-1186.
[4]
Sheng FF, Lu LG. Etiology of cholestatic liver disease[J]. J Pract Hepatol (实用肝脏病杂志), 2016, 19: 644-646.
[5]
Zhang XL. Observation on therapeutic effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction combined with Wendan decoction in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with ascites[J]. Contemp Med Symp (当代医药论丛), 2020, 18: 201-203.
[6]
Zhu FH, Yang WN, Li F. Study on effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction in the treatment of liver failure complicated by refractory jaundice[J]. Shaanxi J Tradit Chin Med (陕西中医), 2021, 42: 304-307.
[7]
Zhang JJ, He GX, Zhang CZ. Hepatocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Yin-Jaundice rats[J]. J Integra Med (中西医结合学报), 2003, 1: 116-118.
[8]
Yang XS, Qu CJ. Effect of Yinchenzhufu decoction on β-glucuronidase content and UDPGT activity in Yin-Jaundice rats[J]. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med (辽宁中医杂志), 2007, 360: 688-689.
[9]
Wang GF, Li YY, Shi R, et al. Yinchenzhufu decoction protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute cholestatic liver injury in mice by ameliorating disordered bile acid homeostasis and inhibiting inflammatory responses[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2020, 254: 112672.
[10]
El-Agamy DS, Almaramhy HH, Ahmed N, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of vardenafil against cholestatic liver damage in mice: a mechanistic study[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018, 47: 523-534.
[11]
Chen P, Zeng H, Wang Y, et al. Low dose of oleanolic acid protects against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis in mice: potential involvement of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-mediated upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins[J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2014, 42: 844-852.
[12]
Miyata M, Nomoto M, Sotodate F, et al. Possible protective role of pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile in lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity through enhanced hepatic lipogenesis[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2010, 636: 145-154.
[13]
Mao LS, Zhu XH. Application progress of network pharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine[J]. J Tradit Chin Med (中医药管理杂志), 2021, 29: 98-102.
[14]
Wang Q, Jiang P, Ye FY, et al. Identification and pharmacokinetics of multiple constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of Yinchenzhufu decoction[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2014, 153: 714-724.
[15]
Hilscher MB, Kamath PS, Eaton JE. Cholestatic liver diseases: a primer for generalists and subspecialists[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2020, 95: 2263-2279.
[16]
Fuchs CD, Paumgartner G, Wahlström A, et al. Metabolic preconditioning protects BSEP/ABCB11-/- mice against cholestatic liver injury[J]. J Hepatol, 2017, 66: 95-101.
[17]
Festi D, Morselli Labate AM, Roda A, et al. Diagnostic effectiveness of serum bile acids in liver diseases as evaluated by multivariate statistical methods[J]. Hepatology, 1983, 3: 707-713.
[18]
Trauner M, Meier PJ, Boyer JL. Molecular pathogenesis of cholestasis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339: 1217-1227.
[19]
Song HF, Xu P. New serological markers for liver damage[J]. World Chin J Digestol (世界华人消化杂志), 2017, 25: 2681-2688.
[20]
Zhang LJ. Determination of serum transaminases and its clinical significance[J]. Guide China Med (中国医药指南), 2012, 10: 298-299.
[21]
Meng XL. Clinical value of biochemical test in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis[J]. Guide China Med (中国医药指南), 2020, 18: 113-114.
[22]
Mei HY. Value of total bilirubin, total bile acid and prealbumin in diagnosis of liver diseases[J]. Contemp Med (当代医学), 2016, 22: 98-99.
[23]
Cao H, Li S, Xie R, et al. Exploring the mechanism of Dangguiliuhuang decoction against hepatic fibrosis by network pharmacology and experimental validation[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9: 187.
[24]
Patel A, Sabbineni H, Clarke A, et al. Novel roles of Src in cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, vascular permeability, microinvasion and metastasis[J]. Life Sci, 2016, 157: 52-61.
[25]
Byun S, Kim DH, Ryerson D, et al. Postprandial FGF19-induced phosphorylation by Src is critical for FXR function in bile acid homeostasis[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9: 2590.
[26]
Sharanek A, Burban A, Ciriaci N, et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance dilatation of bile canaliculi caused by cholestatic antibiotics[J]. Toxicol In Vitro, 2019, 58: 51-59.
[27]
Wang Q, Song GC, Weng FY, et al. Hepatoprotective effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on lithocholic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury through choleretic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13: 881231.
[28]
McConnell BB, Yang VW. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer[J]. Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep, 2009, 5: 69-74.
[29]
Ahmadi A, Niknahad H, Li H, et al. The inhibition of NFкB signaling and inflammatory response as a strategy for blunting bile acid-induced hepatic and renal toxicity[J]. Toxicol Lett, 2021, 349: 12-29.
[30]
Yang M, Ramachandran A, Yan HM, et al. Osteopontin is an initial mediator of inflammation and liver injury during obstructive cholestasis after bile duct ligation in mice[J]. Toxicol Lett, 2014, 224: 186-195.
[31]
Li M, Cai SY, Boyer JL. Mechanisms of bile acid mediated inflammation in the liver[J]. Mol Aspects Med, 2017, 56: 45-53.
[32]
Zhang Y, Hong JY, Rockwell CE, et al. Effect of bile duct ligation on bile acid composition in mouse serum and liver[J]. Liver international, 2012, 32: 58-69.
[33]
Perez MJ, Briz O. Bile-acid-induced cell injury and protection[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009, 15: 1677-1689.
[34]
Attili AF, Angelico M, Cantafora A, et al. Bile acid-induced liver toxicity: relation to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of bile acids[J]. Med Hypotheses, 1986, 19: 57-69.
[35]
Sinal CJ, Tohkin M, Miyata M, et al. Targeted disruption of the nuclear receptor FXR/BAR impairs bile acid and lipid homeostasis[J]. Cell, 2000, 102: 731-744.
[36]
Denson LA, Sturm E, Echevarria W, et al. The orphan nuclear receptor, SHP, mediates bile acid-induced inhibition of the rat bile acid transporter, NTCP[J]. Gastroenterology, 2001, 121: 140-147.
[37]
Zhu QN, Xie HM, Zhang D, et al. Hepatic bile acids and bile acid-related gene expression in pregnant and lactating rats[J]. PeerJ, 2013, 1: e143.
[38]
Baptissart M, Vega A, Martinot E, et al. Farnesoid X receptor alpha: a molecular link between bile acids and steroid signaling?[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2013, 70: 4511-4526.
[39]
Goodwin B, Jones SA, Price RR, et al. A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis[J]. Mol Cell, 2000, 6: 517-526.
[40]
Shi H, Dong L, Jiang J, et al. Chlorogenic acid reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway[J]. Toxicology, 2013, 303: 107-114.
[41]
Qiao Y, Wang P, Qi J, et al. TLR-induced NF-κB activation regulates NLRP3 expression in murine macrophages[J]. FEBS Lett, 2012, 586: 1022-1026.
[42]
Wang S, Xie X, Lei T, et al. Statins attenuate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by oxidized LDL or TNFα in vascular endothelial cells through a PXR-dependent mechanism[J]. Mol Pharmacol, 2017, 92: 256-264.
[43]
Sharma BR, Kanneganti TD. NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases[J]. Nat Immunol, 2021, 22: 550-559.
[44]
Shi J, Zhao Y, Wang K, et al. Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death[J]. Nature, 2015, 526: 660-665.
[45]
Broz P, Pelegrín P, Shao F. The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2020, 20: 143-157.
[46]
Swanson KV, Deng M, Ting JP. The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2019, 19: 477-489.
[47]
Zhong Z, Umemura A, Sanchez-Lopez E, et al. NF-κB restricts inflammasome activation via elimination of damaged mitochondria[J]. Cell, 2016, 164: 896-910.
2023年第58卷第11期
PDF下载
482
321
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568
  • 接收时间:2023-05-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-04
  • 修回日期:2023-05-30
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81773871)
作者信息
    上海中医药大学中药学院, 上海 201203

通讯作者:

*马越鸣, Tel / Fax: 86-21-51322386, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0568
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏