Article(id=1198656286540792214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0224, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1677168000000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-24, revisedDate=1687449600000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711528668, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711528668, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711528668, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711528668, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3321, endPage=3329, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656287396430254, articleId=1198656286540792214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Anti-aging and mechanism of 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Magnolol, a hydroquinone containing an allyl side chain, is one of the major active components of magnolia for antioxidation and anti-aging. To enhance the anti-aging activity and improve the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of magnolol, magnolol was reacted with cinnamic acid to obtain 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol by esterification. The anti-aging activity of magnolol 2-O-cinnamate was investigated based on Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results showed that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol can reduce lipofuscin accumulation in the nematode body, and the effect is better than that of magnolol. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol can extend nematode lifespan, reduce ROS levels in nematodes during normal aging and oxidative stress and improve nematode stress resistance under heat stress and oxidative stress. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol could induce DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of the sod-3 gene encoding superoxide dismutase in the nematode TJ356 expressing DAF-16 fused with GFP. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol did not improve the survival rate of hsp-16.2 gene deficient nematodes under oxidative stress, indicating that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol improves stress resistance of nematodes under oxidative stress may be associated with sod-3 and hsp-16.2. Moreover, 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol did not extend the lifespan of daf-16 and age-1 mutants, indicating that age-1 and daf-16 are required for 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol to delay aging. It showed that magnolol 2-O-cinnamic acid has the potential to improve antioxidant capacity and delay aging, and the mechanism may be related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Tao MA, Yong-gang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-xin PANG, Jun YANG, Hong-liu YANG, Xiao-xiao FAN, Tao MA, Yong-gang LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656291200664125, articleId=1198656286540792214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚抗衰老及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

厚朴酚是含有烯丙基侧链的联苯二酚, 是厚朴抗氧化和抗衰老的主要活性成分之一。为了增强厚朴酚的抗衰老活性, 改善厚朴酚的分子内氢键, 本实验将厚朴酚与肉桂酸反应得到2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚。基于秀丽隐杆线虫模型对2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的抗衰老活性进行研究。结果表明, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚可以减少线虫体内的脂褐素累积, 且效果优于厚朴酚。2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚可以延长线虫的寿命, 减少正常衰老和氧化应激下线虫体内的活性氧自由基水平并提高线虫在热应激和氧化应激下的抗逆性。2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚可以诱导DAF-16与GFP融合表达的TJ356线虫中的DAF-16从细胞质转移到细胞核, 并上调编码超氧化物歧化酶的sod-3基因的表达, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚没有改善hsp-16.2线虫在氧化应激下的存活率, 说明2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚提高氧化应激下线虫的抗逆性可能与sod-3hsp-16.2有关。此外, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚没有延长daf-16age-1线虫的寿命, 说明2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚抗衰老作用可能与age-1daf-16有关。研究结果表明, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚具有提高抗氧化能力和延缓衰老的潜力, 其作用机制可能与胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子信号通路有关。

, correspAuthors=马涛, 刘永刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*马涛, Tel: 13522210700; E-mail: ;
刘永刚, Tel: 13716767724; E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HMToZ5RPMyVlk/X3kTlrKw==, magXml=xKdtfjpQ7ktc/fyFyOKaEw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=HMPrvslNpryrToXqFeVDMA==, pdfFileSize=2430335, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=OnBDpGxey0oa7zP4aWtaCA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ns7XuiCeHEtkG3T6PLtwQg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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Genes Dev, 2003, 17: 1882-1893., articleTitle=SKN-1 links C. elegans mesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960257029468553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, awardId=2018YFC1706505, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706505), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960249114817180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249119011485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, companyId=1198960249114817180, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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A-E: Control group, 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> MAG group, 12.5 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> MAG-26 group, 50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> MAG-26 group and 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> MAG-26 group of <i>C. elegans</i> spontaneous blue fluorescence of intestinal lipofuscin; F: Relative fluorescence intensity of lipofuscin accumulation in each group. <i>n</i> = 40, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> MAG group , figureFileSmall=fexPLsE348bh8KLxP77WNw==, figureFileBig=7j+IPFgFJCH0LgVzcOkADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960254965870803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=foNfTAbXDOqzCcbc+R6hoQ==, figureFileBig=/BPy3dp1I5Rk52YzP/Q94g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255125254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Survival curve of <i>C. elegans</i> under acute stress after MAG-26 treatment. A: Survival curve of <i>C. elegans</i> under the stimulation of high temperature stress (37 ℃); B: Median survival period of <i>C. elegans</i> under high temperature stress (37 ℃) stimulation; C: Mean lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> under high temperature stress (37 ℃) stimulation; D: Survival curves of <i>C. elegans</i> under stimulation with 450 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> carob quinone; E: Median survival of <i>C. elegans</i> under stimulation with 450 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> carob quinone; F: Mean lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> under stimulation with 450 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> carob quinone. <i>n</i> = 40, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>$</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>$$</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>$$$$</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> model group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> MAG group , figureFileSmall=foNfTAbXDOqzCcbc+R6hoQ==, figureFileBig=/BPy3dp1I5Rk52YzP/Q94g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255230111988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=T80CSYUIJy275WteZkyIbg==, figureFileBig=ccTpIbqZhuTWjrX8AFJVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255360135426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of MAG-26 on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in <i>C. elegans</i>. A: Relative fluorescence intensity of intracellular ROS in <i>C. elegans</i> after MAG-26 treatment under normal aging; B: Relative fluorescence intensity of intracellular ROS in MAG-26 treatment under heat stress conditions. <i>n</i> = 30, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>$</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>$$</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> MAG group , figureFileSmall=T80CSYUIJy275WteZkyIbg==, figureFileBig=ccTpIbqZhuTWjrX8AFJVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255611793680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h/46OlwaHLxr1SjZVeL3lA==, figureFileBig=vxQftmSpwIfr2MqZAgSvlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255808925984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of MAG-26 on the longevity of <i>C. elegans</i>. A: Survival curve of <i>C. elegans</i> after MAG-26 treatment; B: Median lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> after MAG-26 treatment; C: Average lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> after MAG-26 treatment. <i>n</i> = 40, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=h/46OlwaHLxr1SjZVeL3lA==, figureFileBig=vxQftmSpwIfr2MqZAgSvlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960255989281076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fMy2T3FdbGyVr0A9QD236w==, figureFileBig=p5HlP1PfCO8OORgBhY+rCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256157053250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= MAG-26 induces nuclear localization of DAF-16:: GFP. A: DAF-16 in the cytoplasm of TJ356 nematodes; B: Partial transfer of DAF-16 into the nucleus of TJ356 nematode; C: Complete transfer of DAF-16 into the nucleus of TJ356 nematode; D: MAG-26 induces the proportion of DAF-16 nuclear translocations in TJ356 nematodes. <i>n</i> = 30, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i> , figureFileSmall=fMy2T3FdbGyVr0A9QD236w==, figureFileBig=p5HlP1PfCO8OORgBhY+rCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256308048201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xAPgDSWLQtMRLOedw24mig==, figureFileBig=zJgRGSVm2ZvMjcGlbQUICg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256425488720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The effect of MAG-26 on the expression of <i>sod-3</i> in <i>C. elegans</i>. <i>n</i> = 40, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=xAPgDSWLQtMRLOedw24mig==, figureFileBig=zJgRGSVm2ZvMjcGlbQUICg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256538734939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NCVDrYH8g0nVN94W1m6p0g==, figureFileBig=Lgrc11n6axgjRJ9CjXqOTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960256677146987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656286540792214, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effect of MAG-26 on survival of <i>hsp16.2</i> (A), <i>age-1</i> (B), <i>daf-16</i> (C) mutant nematodes under oxidative stress condition. <i>n</i> = 40, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i> , 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2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚抗衰老及机制研究
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庞昕昕 1, # , 杨军 2, # , 杨洪柳 1 , 范潇晓 1 , 马涛 1, * , 刘永刚 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3321-3329
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3321-3329
2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚抗衰老及机制研究
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庞昕昕1, #, 杨军2, #, 杨洪柳1, 范潇晓1, 马涛1, * , 刘永刚1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 2.北京泰德制药股份有限公司, 北京 100176

通讯作者:

*马涛, Tel: 13522210700; E-mail: ;
刘永刚, Tel: 13716767724; E-mail:
Anti-aging and mechanism of 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol
Xin-xin PANG1, Jun YANG2, Hong-liu YANG1, Xiao-xiao FAN1, Tao MA1, * , Yong-gang LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2. Beijing Tede Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0224
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厚朴酚是含有烯丙基侧链的联苯二酚, 是厚朴抗氧化和抗衰老的主要活性成分之一。为了增强厚朴酚的抗衰老活性, 改善厚朴酚的分子内氢键, 本实验将厚朴酚与肉桂酸反应得到2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚。基于秀丽隐杆线虫模型对2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的抗衰老活性进行研究。结果表明, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚可以减少线虫体内的脂褐素累积, 且效果优于厚朴酚。2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚可以延长线虫的寿命, 减少正常衰老和氧化应激下线虫体内的活性氧自由基水平并提高线虫在热应激和氧化应激下的抗逆性。2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚可以诱导DAF-16与GFP融合表达的TJ356线虫中的DAF-16从细胞质转移到细胞核, 并上调编码超氧化物歧化酶的sod-3基因的表达, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚没有改善hsp-16.2线虫在氧化应激下的存活率, 说明2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚提高氧化应激下线虫的抗逆性可能与sod-3hsp-16.2有关。此外, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚没有延长daf-16age-1线虫的寿命, 说明2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚抗衰老作用可能与age-1daf-16有关。研究结果表明, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚具有提高抗氧化能力和延缓衰老的潜力, 其作用机制可能与胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子信号通路有关。

厚朴酚  /  厚朴酚衍生物  /  寿命  /  抗衰老  /  抗氧化  /  秀丽隐杆线虫

Magnolol, a hydroquinone containing an allyl side chain, is one of the major active components of magnolia for antioxidation and anti-aging. To enhance the anti-aging activity and improve the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of magnolol, magnolol was reacted with cinnamic acid to obtain 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol by esterification. The anti-aging activity of magnolol 2-O-cinnamate was investigated based on Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results showed that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol can reduce lipofuscin accumulation in the nematode body, and the effect is better than that of magnolol. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol can extend nematode lifespan, reduce ROS levels in nematodes during normal aging and oxidative stress and improve nematode stress resistance under heat stress and oxidative stress. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol could induce DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulate the expression of the sod-3 gene encoding superoxide dismutase in the nematode TJ356 expressing DAF-16 fused with GFP. 2-O-Cinnamic acid magnolol did not improve the survival rate of hsp-16.2 gene deficient nematodes under oxidative stress, indicating that 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol improves stress resistance of nematodes under oxidative stress may be associated with sod-3 and hsp-16.2. Moreover, 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol did not extend the lifespan of daf-16 and age-1 mutants, indicating that age-1 and daf-16 are required for 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol to delay aging. It showed that magnolol 2-O-cinnamic acid has the potential to improve antioxidant capacity and delay aging, and the mechanism may be related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.

magnolol  /  magnolol derivative  /  lifespan  /  anti-aging  /  antioxidant  /  Caenorhabditis elegans
庞昕昕, 杨军, 杨洪柳, 范潇晓, 马涛, 刘永刚. 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚抗衰老及机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3321 -3329 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0224
Xin-xin PANG, Jun YANG, Hong-liu YANG, Xiao-xiao FAN, Tao MA, Yong-gang LIU. Anti-aging and mechanism of 2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3321 -3329 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0224
衰老被定义为组织、器官和神经元功能的进行性下降[1]。衰老是人类疾病的主要危险因素, 包括癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等神经退行性疾病[2-4]。随着对衰老研究的深入, 目前已经提出了多种理论, 包括自由基衰老理论、端粒理论、免疫学说、线粒体理论及细胞凋亡等[5]。根据自由基理论, 衰老是由体内过量的自由基引起的, 这会导致mtDNA的突变、缺失或积聚[6]。许多研究表明, 调控和改变多种遗传途径及其代谢活性可使寿命延长。这些途径主要包括饮食限制(dietary restriction, DR)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路(target of rapamycin, TOR) 和胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子信号通路[insulin/insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) signal, IIS][6, 7]。衰老虽然是无法避免的, 但是衰老的过程可以通过抗氧化剂进行调节[7]。研究表明, 天然抗氧化分子可以降低衰老相关疾病的风险。因此, 研究人员对天然抗氧化分子越来越感兴趣。目前已报道的具有显著抗氧化活性的化合物有300多种, 其中包括185种天然化合物[8-10]
厚朴酚(magnolol, MAG) 是从厚朴(Houpoea officinalis) 中分离得到的含有烯丙基双酚的天然活性单体。厚朴酚具有多种生物活性, 如抗氧化[11]、抗菌[12]、抗炎[13]和抗肿瘤[14]等。厚朴酚是厚朴抗炎、抗氧化和抗衰老的主要活性成分。近年来, 关于厚朴酚结构修饰在抗氧化和抗衰老方面受到的关注较少。有研究发现, 厚朴酚的抗氧化活性与烯丙基和游离酚羟基有关。为了减少其分子内氢键的影响, 本实验合成了厚朴酚衍生物, 2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚(2-O-cinnamic acid magnolol, MAG-26)。
秀丽隐杆线虫是多细胞模式生物, 其体细胞发育谱系已被明确研究[15]。秀丽隐杆线虫是第一个基因组被完全测序的动物, 在线虫的两万个基因中, 大约有15%~30%的基因是必需的。大约40%与人类疾病相关的基因在系统发育上与线虫中的基因相同[16]。因此研究线虫得到的生物学信息同样适用于人和高等动物[17], 并且由于其寿命短(约3周)、易于观察、遗传信息高度保守以及荧光标记后的器官具有可视化的优势, 所以秀丽隐杆线虫是遗传和抗衰老研究及其抗衰老药物筛选的理想模型[18]。因此, 本实验基于秀丽隐杆线虫模型, 探究MAG-26抗衰老的作用机制。
试剂与耗材   厚朴酚(批号: XP037, CAS: 528-43-8) 购自陕西新湃生物科技有限公司; 肉桂酸(cinnamic acid, 批号: C10752350, CAS: 140-10-3)、二环己基碳二亚胺(dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, DCC, 批号: C13253532, CAS: 538-75-0) 购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司; 4-二甲氨基吡啶(4-dimethylaminopyridine, DMAP, 批号: A2003001, CAS: 1122-58-3) 购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
实验动物   所有线虫品系均来自遗传学中心(Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, CGC), 包括N2 (野生型)、CF1553 (muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3: : GFP)])、DR26 daf-16 (m26)、TJ356 (zIs356[daf-16p: : daf-16a/b: : GFP+rol-6])、VC475 hsp-16.2 (gk249) 和TJ1052 age-1 (hx546)。在整个实验中, 所有线虫培养在接种有大肠杆菌OP50的线虫生长培养基(NGM) 平板上。
仪器   SPX-250型生化培养箱(北京科伟永兴仪器有限公司); 荧光倒置显微镜(日本Nikon公司, TS-2); 核磁共振仪(德国布鲁克公司); 磁力搅拌器(德国IKA公司)。
2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的合成方法   将厚朴酚(266 mg)、肉桂酸(148.159 mg)、DMAP (24.4 mg) 溶于15 mL无水CH2Cl2中, 将溶于5 mL无水CH2Cl2的DCC (825 mg) 缓慢加入上述溶液, 室温搅拌5 h。反应结束后, 加入20 mL二氯甲烷稀释反应物, 再分别用5% HCl (3×50 mL)、饱和NaHCO3 (3×50 mL) 和饱和NaCl (3×50 mL) 进一步洗涤后, 用旋转蒸发仪旋干得粗品, 将其湿法拌样后上样, 通过硅胶柱层析(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=20∶1) 纯化, 得到2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚白色粉末[19]
2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚   白色固体, 产率32.7%。纯度 > 98%。mp: 79.5~81.5 ℃。ESI-MS: m/z 419.222 6 [M+Na]+1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 7.67 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, H-3″), 7.51-7.36 (5H, m, H-5″, H-6″, H-7″, H-8″, H-9″), 7.29 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.2 Hz, H-4), 7.23 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-6), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, H-3), 7.03 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 2.3 Hz, H-4′), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-6′), 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz, H-3′), 6.41 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, H-2″), 5.95 (2H, m, H-8, H-8′), 5.18-5.09 (2H, m, H-9), 5.04-4.95 (2H, m, H-9′), 3.45 (2H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-7), 3.30 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-7′); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6, 101 MHz) δ 170.81, 165.17, 153.36, 146.78, 146.09, 138.58, 138.04, 137.31, 134.36, 132.01, 131.86, 131.19, 131.16, 129.99, 129.43, 129.27, 128.97, 128.93, 128.28, 124.25, 123.21, 117.96, 116.50, 115.91, 115.71, 60.23, 39.06。
体长测定   将厚朴酚及2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚溶解在大肠杆菌OP50中, 获得100 μmol·L-1 MAG培养液及12.5、50和100 μmol·L-1 MAG-26培养液, 将同步化的L4线虫随机转移到空白对照组及不同给药浓度的NGM平板中。培养24 h后, 用荧光倒置显微镜测量线虫从头顶到尾巴尖端的长度。独立重复实验3次。
运动能力测定和咽泵测定   将同步化的野生型L4线虫在给药板上培养。分别于第4天和第8天在显微镜下计数20 s内线虫的身体弯曲次数。于第5天和第9天在显微镜下计数20 s内线虫的咽泵频率。每组20条线虫, 独立重复实验3次。
脂褐素的测定   同步化的野生型L4幼虫在空白及其含有厚朴酚和不同浓度的2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的NGM平板上处理5天。用荧光倒置显微镜在明场和暗场中观察线虫形态, 拍摄单个线虫的图像, 并使用Image J软件分析线虫体内的荧光强度。独立重复实验3次。
急性氧化应激条件下的生存率检测   同步化的野生型L4幼虫转移到空白及其含有厚朴酚和不同浓度的2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的NGM平板上培养4天后, 将线虫转移到含有450 μmol·L-1胡桃醌的新板上。每1 h计数一次线虫的死亡数, 直到所有线虫死亡。独立重复实验3次。
急性热应激条件下的生存率检测   同步化的L4线虫转移到空白及其含有厚朴酚和不同浓度的2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的NGM平板上培养4天后, 在37 ℃下孵育3 h后, 每1 h计数一次线虫的死亡数, 直到所有线虫死亡。独立重复实验3次。
线虫体内活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 含量的测定   将同步化的野生型L4幼虫转移到空白及其含有厚朴酚和不同浓度的2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的NGM平板上培养, 5天后用M9缓冲液洗涤线虫, 20 μmol·L-1 H2DCFDA在20 ℃染色2 h后, 用M9洗涤线虫以除去染料。用荧光倒置显微镜在明场和暗场中观察形态, 拍摄单个线虫的图像, 并使用Image J软件分析线虫体内的荧光强度。独立重复实验3次。
热应激后线虫体内ROS含量的测定   同步化的野生型L4幼虫转移到空白及其含有厚朴酚和不同浓度的2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的NGM平板上培养, 5天后用M9缓冲液洗涤线虫, 20 μmol·L-1 H2DCFDA在20 ℃染色, 同时在37 ℃孵育2 h。用荧光倒置显微镜在明场和暗场中观察形态, 拍摄单个线虫的图像, 并使用Image J软件分析线虫中的荧光强度。独立重复实验3次。
寿命试验   将至少50只同步化的野生型L4幼虫转移到空白及其含有厚朴酚和2-O-肉桂酸厚朴酚的NGM平板上。将L4幼虫转移到实验板的天数定为第0天。通过机械刺激判断线虫是否死亡。每天计算活的和死亡的线虫, 直到所有线虫死亡。每天将线虫转移到新的实验板上。独立重复实验3次。
DAF-16核转位测定   使用转基因线虫TJ356 (zls356IV) 测定DAF-16:: GFP的亚细胞位置。同时加入0.25 mg·mL-1维生素C (vitamin C) 作为阳性对照, 同步化的线虫卵用vitamin C、MAG和MAG-26处理。4天后, 用荧光倒置显微镜拍摄单个线虫的图片, 线虫根据DAF-16:: GFP的定位分为3类, 统计各类别的线虫数量。独立重复实验3次。
转基因线虫CF1553中sod-3的表达   转基因线虫CF1553 (muIs84 [Psod-3: : GFP]) 线虫是sod-3与GFP融合表达的线虫, 将同步化的转基因线虫卵用MAG和MAG-26处理4天, 通过倒置荧光显微镜拍摄单个线虫图片, 使用Image J软件分析各组线虫的GFP荧光强度来检测线虫体内sod-3的表达量。独立重复实验3次。
MAG-26hsp-16.2daf-16age-1线虫存活的影响   hsp-16.2daf-16age-1线虫是将hsp-16.2daf-16age-1基因片段敲除的线虫, 将同步化的突变体线虫L4幼虫转移到用或不用100 μmol·L-1药物治疗的NGM板上, 并在20 ℃下孵育。线虫每天都被转移到新的NGM板上。在第4天, 将它们转移到含有450 μmol·L-1胡桃醌的新板上。触碰无反应则判定线虫死亡, 每隔1 h计数线虫的死亡数。独立重复实验3次。
统计学分析   使用GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software Inc.)、origin2021生成图形。使用GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software Inc.) 比较寿命。采用SPSS 26统计软件进行统计分析, 结果用x ± s表示。多组间比较如符合正态分布且方差齐则用单因素方差分析ANOVA, 不符合正态分布则采用Wilcoxon秩和检验, P < 0.05时差异有统计学意义。
线虫的体长、身体弯曲和咽泵频率可以反映线虫的生长发育状态, 同时体长还可以反映药物的毒性[20]。有毒药物使线虫生长缓慢, 从而导致同样的条件下, 有毒药物处理的线虫比正常生长的线虫身体长度短。在正常衰老过程中, 大多数动物都会经历肌肉能力和协调能力的下降。随着年龄的增长, 单位时间内线虫的弯曲次数和吞咽次数会随之下降[21]。本实验用不同剂量的MAG-26处理后, 研究MAG-26对线虫体长、身体弯曲和咽泵频率的影响。与对照组相比, MAG-26处理后的线虫体长没有变化; 同时MAG-26对线虫的咽泵频率和运动能力也没有产生影响。以上实验结果表明, MAG-26对线虫的生长发育没有影响, 也表明MAG-26对线虫没有产生毒性。
脂褐素可以从整体反映线虫的衰老[22]。脂褐素被广泛认为是衰老的生物标志物, 是由体内不饱和脂肪酸氧化产生的一种不溶性颗粒[23], 脂褐素随着生物体年龄的增长而积累, 可以作为健康或者衰老速度的标志物[24]。因此本实验使用不同剂量的MAG-26处理后发现(图 1A~E), 与对照组和MAG组相比, 50、100 μmol·L-1 MAG-26可以显著降低线虫肠道脂褐素的荧光强度, 说明MAG-26可以降低线虫体内的脂褐素水平, 改善线虫整体水平的衰老。50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26处理后降低线虫脂褐素的水平显著高于厚朴酚(图 1F)。
热应激和氧化应激已被证明可以加速生物体内细胞的氧化, 可以在短时间内对线虫造成高强度的氧化损伤, 产生大量的ROS, 进而导致线虫的衰老[25]图 2A是线虫在热应激下的生存曲线, 从图中可以看出, MAG-26可以延长热应激下线虫的中位生存期。如图 2B所示, 在热应激实验中, 模型组线虫的中位生存期为2.5 h, MAG和50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26组线虫的中位生存期分别为3.33和3.67 h。与模型组相比, MAG-26可以提高线虫的中位生存期, 且MAG-26的效果优于MAG。如图 2C所示, 模型组的平均寿命为2.73 h, 各浓度MAG-26组线虫的平均寿命分别为3.097、3.597和3.387 h。与模型组相比, MAG-26可以延长热应激下线虫的平均寿命, 其中50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26组线虫的平均寿命更长。
图 2D是线虫在氧化应激下的生存曲线, 从图中可以看出, MAG-26可以延长氧化应激下线虫的中位生存期。如图 2E所示, 在胡桃醌诱导的氧化应激实验中, 模型组、MAG、12.5、50、100 μmol·L-1 MAG-26组线虫的中位生存期分别为4、5、4.667、6.16和4 h, 说明经12.5、50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26处理后的线虫的中位生存期, 与模型组相比显著延长。如图 2F所示, 模型组的平均寿命为3.953 h, 50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26组线虫的平均寿命为6.313 h, 与模型组相比, MAG-26可以改善氧化应激下线虫的平均寿命。
从本实验结果可见, MAG-26可以显著延长热应激和氧化应激下线虫的中位生存期, 说明MAG-26在氧化应激和热应激下对线虫具有保护作用, 可以增强线虫在急性应激下的抗逆性, 并且从该实验结果中可以看出, 50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26增强线虫急性应激下抗逆性的效果最显著。
在正常衰老过程中会不断产生ROS, ROS具有很强的氧化能力, 因此ROS被认为是引起衰老的主要原因。氧化应激和热应激的实验结果表明, MAG-26可以显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫的抗逆性, 但其作用机制尚不明确。为了研究MAG-26提高线虫应激下的生存能力是否是通过降低体内的ROS水平来实现的, 本实验检测了空白组和给药组在正常衰老和热应激条件下, 线虫体内ROS的荧光强度。如图 3A所示, 正常衰老过程中, 与空白组相比, MAG组和50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26组可以显著降低线虫体内的ROS水平(P < 0.05), 进而改善线虫的衰老。如图 3B所示, 在热应激条件下, 与模型组和MAG组相比, 50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26可以显著降低热应激后线虫体内的ROS水平, 说明MAG-26的抗氧化效果显著优于MAG, 也进一步说明了MAG-26提高线虫的抗逆性与降低线虫体内ROS水平相关。从以上实验结果中可以得出, 50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26的效果最佳, 100 μmol·L-1 MAG-26的抗衰老效果开始下降或者没有抗衰老效果, 推测可能是因为MAG-26的抗衰老效果存在中低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的情况。
上述结果表明, 50 μmol·L-1 MAG-26效果最佳, 因此后续实验选取本浓度为给药浓度。为了研究MAG-26是否可以延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命, 本实验以野生型秀丽隐杆线虫为模型, L4期给药探究MAG-26对线虫衰老的影响。如图 4A所示, 与空白组相比, MAG-26组线虫寿命的生存曲线向右移动显著(P < 0.05), 并且MAG-26组线虫的最大生存天数与空白组和MAG组相比更长。如图 4B所示, 空白组的中位寿命为16.83天, MAG-26处理后线虫的中位寿命为17.67天。与空白组相比, MAG-26可以显著延长线虫的中位生存期。如图 4C所示, 空白组线虫的平均寿命为16.99天, MAG-26处理后线虫的平均寿命为18.17天。与空白组相比, MAG-26可以显著提高线虫的平均寿命。综上所述, MAG-26可以延长线虫的中位生存期和平均寿命, 其线虫的最大生存天数也显著右移, 说明MAG-26可以显著延长线虫的寿命。
TJ356线虫是DAF-16与GFP融合表达的线虫。FOXO转录因子DAF-16对于线虫的dauer期形成、寿命延长和抗逆性都是不可或缺的, 受胰岛素信号通路抑制[26]。在正常生长条件下, TJ356线虫DAF-16主要保留在细胞质中(图 5A), 但用MAG-26干预后, 能够促进DAF-16由细胞浆转入细胞核(图 5BC)。与对照组相比, MAG-26可以显著激活DAF-16向细胞核转移(图 5D)。结果表明, MAG-26的抗衰老机制与DAF-16密切相关。
DAF-16入核后激活其DAF-16下游基因sod-3表达, sod-3编码线虫的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD), 参与体内氧化与抗氧化平衡[27]。CF1553线虫是sod-3与GFP融合表达的线虫, 本实验通过倒置荧光显微镜观察各组线虫的GFP荧光强度来检测线虫体内sod-3的表达量。如图 6所示, 与对照组相比, MAG-26组线虫体内荧光水平明显增强, 说明MAG-26可以显著提高CF1553线虫体内的sod-3水平, 增强抗氧化应激基因的表达, 进一步说明药物可能是通过增加sod-3的表达来改善氧化应激下线虫的存活率。
DAF-16的下游靶标包括参与体内氧化与抗氧化平衡的基因sod-3、小分子热休克蛋白基因(hsp-16.2), 这些基因的过表达可以有效延长线虫的寿命, 提高线虫抵抗外界应激的能力。上述实验已经表明, MAG-26可以提高线虫体内sod-3的表达。本实验使用hsp-12.6线虫, 该线虫是将hsp-16.2基因片段敲除的线虫。如图 7A所示, MAG-26并不能提高hsp-12.6线虫氧化应激后的存活率。进一步说明MAG-26改善氧化应激下的存活率可能与hsp-16.2有关, MAG-26可能是通过激活应激反应信号通路延长了秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。
IIS通路是一个与寿命、应激耐受、代谢调节、蛋白平衡等相关的信号通路。AGE-1/PI3K和DAF-16/FOXO分别是该通路的中游和下游的两个主要节点, 常用于判断秀丽隐杆线虫抗氧化、抗衰老活性的基因相关指标。age-1线虫是第一个发现的与线虫寿命相关的基因, 并且通过胰岛素信号通路发挥抗衰老作用, 如图 7B所示, 在胡桃醌损伤条件下, MAG-26处理后对age-1线虫并没有保护作用, 说明MAG-26抗衰老作用可能与age-1有关。daf-16是胰岛素信号通路下游的关键节点, 如图 7C所示, MAG-26并不能延长daf-16线虫的存活时间。通过以上实验结果初步表明, MAG-26对线虫的保护作用可能与age-1、daf-16有关。
近年来, 随着我国老龄化人口所占比例逐渐增加, 与衰老相关疾病的患者数量呈上升趋势。研究表明, 癌症、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病都与衰老有关[28]
秀丽隐杆线虫是研究抗衰老的理想模型。线虫的体长、身体弯曲和咽泵频率可以反映线虫的生长发育状态, 同时体长还可以反映药物的毒性。本实验中MAG-26处理后并没有影响线虫的体长、身体弯曲和咽泵频率, 说明MAG-26对线虫的生长发育没有影响, 也表明该药物对线虫没有产生毒性作用。线虫中脂褐素的含量随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加。脂褐素被广泛认为是衰老的生物标志物, 不能通过胞吐作用排泄, 并且随着时间的推移可以在细胞中积累[29]。脂褐素累积过多会对线虫的身体造成损害, 最终加速线虫的衰老。本实验结果表明MAG-26可以减少线虫体内脂褐素的累积, 改善线虫整体水平的衰老。本实验研究了MAG-26对线虫的寿命的影响, 结果发现MAG-26处理后延长了线虫的平均寿命和中位寿命, 说明MAG-26在不影响线虫生理状态的前提下改善了线虫的衰老。
热应激和氧化应激会在短时间内对秀丽隐杆线虫造成高强度的氧化损伤, 产生大量的ROS, 进而导致线虫的衰老[20]。本实验结果中, MAG-26可以显著增加热应激和氧化应激后线虫的中位生存率, 说明MAG-26对秀丽隐杆线虫在氧化应激和热应激下具有保护作用, 可以增强线虫在急性应激下的抗逆性。ROS被认为是引起衰老的主要原因, 在正常衰老过程中就会不断产生ROS, 本实验发现给药后可以显著降低正常衰老过程中和热应激下线虫体内的ROS水平, 说明MAG-26通过降低ROS来改善线虫的衰老, 并且从以上实验结果中发现, MAG-26在中低剂量时效果很显著, 高剂量的MAG-26抗氧化、抗衰老的效果逐渐减弱或没有效果, 推测可能是因为MAG-26存在中低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的现象。
TJ356线虫是DAF-16与GFP融合表达的线虫。MAG-26可以显著激活DAF-16向细胞核转移, 表明MAG-26的抗衰老机制与DAF-16密切相关。CF1553线虫是sod-3与GFP融合表达的线虫, sod-3基因编码线虫的超氧化物歧化酶, MAG-26处理后sod-3的表达显著上调。小分子热休克蛋白基因(hsp-16.2) 的过表达可以有效延长线虫的寿命, 提高线虫抵抗外界应激的能力。在氧化应激下, MAG-26可以显著提高野生型N2线虫的存活率, 这可能是由于MAG-26对热休克蛋白hsp-16.2表达上调的影响, 进而提高其抗逆性, 而且MAG-26不能延长hsp-16.2线虫氧化应激后的寿命, 表明MAG-26改善氧化应激下线虫的存活率的机制可能与基因sod-3hsp-16.2有关。
IIS通路是第一条被确定的进化非常保守的衰老调控通路。IIS通路在秀丽隐杆线虫和哺乳动物的寿命调节中起主要作用, 即降低IIS通路的活性会使寿命延长, 而活性增加会加速衰老过程。衰老基因age-1编码磷脂酰肌醇-3-OH激酶(PI3K)[30, 31], daf-16调节规范IIS级联下游的老化过程[32]。AGE-1/PI3K和DAF-16/FOXO分别是该通路上的中游和下游的两个主要节点, 常用于判断秀丽隐杆线虫抗氧化、抗衰老活性的相关基因指标。MAG-26可以显著延长野生型N2线虫在氧化应激下的存活率, 但age-1daf-16线虫在氧化应激下的存活率与对照组相比没有显著性差异, 这表明age-1daf-16是MAG-26介导线虫延缓衰老所必需的。
据报道, 天然产物厚朴酚具有多种生物活性, 如抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等。为了提高厚朴酚的抗衰老活性, 本研究设计并合成了一种厚朴酚衍生物。为了验证该化合物的抗衰老活性, 本研究用秀丽隐杆线虫模型系统证明了MAG-26具有显著的抗氧化和抗衰老活性并且效果优于厚朴酚。
本研究表明, MAG-26可以促进秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命并减少脂褐素的累积, 显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫在氧化应激下的抗逆性并降低热应激下线虫体内ROS水平。MAG-26可以显著激活DAF-16向细胞核转移, 入核后激活其下游基因sod-3hsp-16.2表达。此外研究发现, MAG-26发挥抗衰老活性可能与age-1daf-16基因有关, 这表明MAG-26可能通过IIS通路来改善秀丽隐杆线虫的衰老, 延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。
作者贡献: 庞昕昕和刘永刚构思并设计了本研究; 庞昕昕和杨军撰写和修改手稿; 杨军和范潇晓参与了线虫实验; 马涛和杨洪柳进行了数据处理与分析。
利益冲突: 本文不存在任何利益相关问题。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706505)
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2023年第58卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0224
  • 接收时间:2023-02-24
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-24
  • 修回日期:2023-06-23
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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706505)
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    1.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    2.北京泰德制药股份有限公司, 北京 100176

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*马涛, Tel: 13522210700; E-mail: ;
刘永刚, Tel: 13716767724; E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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