Article(id=1198656286100385888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0382, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1676822400000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-20, revisedDate=1688486400000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711528562, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1699718400000, pubDateStr=2023-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711528562, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711528562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711528562, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656283525087620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3476', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711527949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711688683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656957746872554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656283525087620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3349, endPage=3353, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656286347849828, articleId=1198656286100385888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Ligustroflavone mediates the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib by arresting G1/S phase, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Natural products are an important source for the development of antitumor lead compounds, but the pharmacological effects and regulatory mechanisms of natural products in osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. The natural product ligustroflavone was used as the research object to analyze its efficacy in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle detection. The potential targets of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells were screened by public databases and bioinformatics, molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify the interaction between privet and target molecules. Western blot was used to detect the effect of privet on the target molecules and their downstream pathways. Ligustroflavone reduced the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and could arrest the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was the potential target of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Ligustroflavone inhibited the activation of CDK6-Rb axis. Together, ligustroflavone could regulate osimertinib resistance in NSCLC cells by binding cell cyclin-related molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted drug resistance of NSCLC with natural products, and also provides a new idea for the development of clinical drug combination.

, correspAuthors=He CUI, Peng CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tian LI, Ting WANG, Bao-juan XING, Zi-heng HE, Jiao CHEN, Xue-ting CAI, He CUI, Peng CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656288273035391, articleId=1198656286100385888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=女贞苷通过阻滞G1/S期抑制非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞增殖, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

天然产物是抗肿瘤先导化合物开发的重要来源, 但其在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 奥西替尼耐药中的药理学作用及其调控机制有待进一步阐明。本研究以天然产物女贞苷为研究对象, 通过细胞增殖实验和细胞周期检测分析女贞苷在非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞中的药效; 使用公共数据库及生物信息学手段筛选女贞苷在非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞中的潜在作用靶点; 并用分子对接结合微量热泳动实验鉴定女贞苷与靶点分子的作用关系; Western blot检测女贞苷对靶点分子及其下游通路的影响。结果发现, 女贞苷能够抑制非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞的活力, 其可阻滞耐药细胞G1/S期进程; 进一步分析发现, 细胞周期调控分子细胞周期依赖性激酶6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 6, CDK6) 是女贞苷在非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞中的潜在靶点; 女贞苷能够抑制CDK6-Rb轴的激活。综上, 天然产物女贞苷具有抵抗非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药性的作用, 其可通过调控细胞周期相关分子抑制耐药细胞增殖。本研究为天然产物治疗非小细胞肺癌靶向耐药提供了理论基础, 也为临床联合用药开发提供了新的思路。

, correspAuthors=崔鹤, 曹鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*崔鹤, E-mail: ;
曹鹏, Tel: 86-25-85608666, E-mail:
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女贞苷通过阻滞G1/S期抑制非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞增殖
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李天 1 , 王婷 2 , 邢宝娟 2 , 何子珩 2 , 陈姣 2 , 蔡雪婷 2 , 崔鹤 1, * , 曹鹏 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(11): 3349-3353
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(11): 3349-3353
女贞苷通过阻滞G1/S期抑制非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞增殖
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李天1, 王婷2, 邢宝娟2, 何子珩2, 陈姣2, 蔡雪婷2, 崔鹤1, * , 曹鹏1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023
  • 2.南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院, 江苏 南京 210028

通讯作者:

*崔鹤, E-mail: ;
曹鹏, Tel: 86-25-85608666, E-mail:
Ligustroflavone mediates the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib by arresting G1/S phase
Tian LI1, Ting WANG2, Bao-juan XING2, Zi-heng HE2, Jiao CHEN2, Xue-ting CAI2, He CUI1, * , Peng CAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2. Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
出版时间: 2023-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0382
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天然产物是抗肿瘤先导化合物开发的重要来源, 但其在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 奥西替尼耐药中的药理学作用及其调控机制有待进一步阐明。本研究以天然产物女贞苷为研究对象, 通过细胞增殖实验和细胞周期检测分析女贞苷在非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞中的药效; 使用公共数据库及生物信息学手段筛选女贞苷在非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞中的潜在作用靶点; 并用分子对接结合微量热泳动实验鉴定女贞苷与靶点分子的作用关系; Western blot检测女贞苷对靶点分子及其下游通路的影响。结果发现, 女贞苷能够抑制非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞的活力, 其可阻滞耐药细胞G1/S期进程; 进一步分析发现, 细胞周期调控分子细胞周期依赖性激酶6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 6, CDK6) 是女贞苷在非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞中的潜在靶点; 女贞苷能够抑制CDK6-Rb轴的激活。综上, 天然产物女贞苷具有抵抗非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药性的作用, 其可通过调控细胞周期相关分子抑制耐药细胞增殖。本研究为天然产物治疗非小细胞肺癌靶向耐药提供了理论基础, 也为临床联合用药开发提供了新的思路。

非小细胞肺癌  /  耐药  /  奥西替尼  /  女贞苷  /  细胞周期依赖性激酶6

Natural products are an important source for the development of antitumor lead compounds, but the pharmacological effects and regulatory mechanisms of natural products in osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. The natural product ligustroflavone was used as the research object to analyze its efficacy in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle detection. The potential targets of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells were screened by public databases and bioinformatics, molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify the interaction between privet and target molecules. Western blot was used to detect the effect of privet on the target molecules and their downstream pathways. Ligustroflavone reduced the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and could arrest the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was the potential target of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Ligustroflavone inhibited the activation of CDK6-Rb axis. Together, ligustroflavone could regulate osimertinib resistance in NSCLC cells by binding cell cyclin-related molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted drug resistance of NSCLC with natural products, and also provides a new idea for the development of clinical drug combination.

non-small cell lung cancer  /  drug resistance  /  osimertinib  /  ligustroflavone  /  cyclin-dependent kinase 6
李天, 王婷, 邢宝娟, 何子珩, 陈姣, 蔡雪婷, 崔鹤, 曹鹏. 女贞苷通过阻滞G1/S期抑制非小细胞肺癌奥西替尼耐药细胞增殖. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3349 -3353 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0382
Tian LI, Ting WANG, Bao-juan XING, Zi-heng HE, Jiao CHEN, Xue-ting CAI, He CUI, Peng CAO. Ligustroflavone mediates the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib by arresting G1/S phase[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (11) : 3349 -3353 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0382
肺癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一, 其在全球范围内的发病率和死亡率均居前列, 而非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 是肺癌的主要病理类型[1]。研究表明, 表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor, EGFR) 是NSCLC发生发展的关键驱动基因[2]。近年来, 以EGFR为靶点的第三代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂奥西替尼疗效显著, 但伴随出现的耐药问题制约了EGFR突变患者的总体有效率[3, 4]。目前, 临床解决奥西替尼耐药问题的方案众多, 多以奥西替尼联合其他靶点分子的抑制剂为主[5]。因此, 探究NSCLC奥西替尼耐药相关小分子抑制剂的药理学作用, 寻找行之有效的控制方法, 对临床不同分型患者的精准治疗具有潜在应用价值。
天然产物的化学结构丰富, 毒副作用较小, 是抗肿瘤先导化合物的重要来源[6]。越来越多研究表明, 天然产物在逆转EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药上具有显著作用[7]。在第一代分子靶向药吉非替尼耐药的PC9细胞中, 天然产物白藜芦醇与吉非替尼联合应用能有效减少肿瘤细胞中吉非替尼的代谢和外排, 增加胞内靶向药浓度[8]。EGFR突变的肺腺癌患者接受天然产物榄香烯联合吉非替尼治疗后, 其生存期相较使用吉非替尼单药显著延长[9]。榄香烯可能通过抑制c-MET逆转NSCLC细胞吉非替尼耐药性[10]。此外, 天然产物高三尖杉酯碱可以通过抑制JAK1/STAT3信号通路诱导吉非替尼耐药细胞的凋亡[11]。然而目前有关天然产物与奥西替尼耐药的相关研究尚不完善。女贞苷作为一种天然产物, 主要提取自木犀科植物女贞的干燥成熟果实女贞子。女贞子以其抗肿瘤功效, 在临床上多有应用。本研究以天然产物女贞苷为研究对象, 探究其在NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞中的药理学作用及其潜在作用机制。
实验材料   女贞苷(上海陶术生物科技有限公司, T3802); 奥西替尼(美国Med Chem Express公司, HY-15772); 噻唑蓝溴化四唑(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司, V900888); 结晶紫染色液(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司, C0121); 细胞周期检测试剂盒(南京百赛生物科技有限公司, C6031L); 细胞周期依赖性激酶6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 6, CDK6) 抗体(abs159277)、cyclin D1抗体(abs159002) 均购自上海爱必信生物科技有限公司; Rb antibody sampler kit (美国Cell Signaling Technology公司, 9969T); β-actin抗体(美国Bioworld公司, AP0060)。
全波长多功能酶标仪(美国ThermoFisher公司, Varioskan flash); 流式细胞仪(美国BD Biosciences公司, FACS Aria Ⅱ); MST微量热泳动分子互作仪(德国NanoTemper公司, NT.115 Pico)。
细胞培养   NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞PC9 (PC9-OR)、NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞H1975 (H1975-OR) 使用含有10%胎牛血清、青霉素(100 u·mL-1) 和链霉素(100 mg·mL-1) 的RPMI-1640培养液, 培养于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中。
MTT检测细胞活力   取处于对数生长期的PC9-OR和H1975-OR细胞消化计数后, 以5×103个/孔接种于96孔板。将女贞苷(1 mmol·L-1) 用RMPI-1640培养基稀释, 取药物浓度5、10、15、20、25、30、40、60 μmol·L-1处理PC9-OR细胞。培养48 h后加入10 μL MTT (5 mg·mL-1) 溶液培养4 h, 弃去上清, 再加入100 μL DMSO溶液, 使用酶标仪以570和630 nm的双波长检测吸光度, 计算细胞增殖率。
细胞周期检测   取预先饥饿处理的PC9-OR和H1975-OR细胞接种于6孔板中, 待细胞贴壁后按空白对照组、女贞苷高剂量组(20 μmol·L-1)、低剂量组(10 μmol·L-1) 和奥西替尼对照组给药, 培养48 h, 离心收集细胞, 乙醇固定过夜, 离心, 加入RNAase和PI混合物, 避光孵育30 min, 流式细胞仪上机检测细胞周期, 每组设置平行3个复孔。
生物信息分析    通过PubChem数据库中获得天然产物SMILES号, 利用Swiss Target Prediction数据库预测天然产物作用靶点。通过GeneCards数据库检索与NSCLC相关的疾病靶点。采用ClusterProfiler包进行GO功能与KEGG通路富集分析。采用PDB数据库检索蛋白三维结构, PubChem数据库检索天然产物结构, 通过Autodock Vina软件进行分子对接分析。
微量热泳动(microscale thermophoresis) 实验   将CDK6蛋白进行赖氨酸标记后, 测定蛋白荧光强度。在PCR管中使用结合反应缓冲液将女贞苷梯度稀释16个浓度。取10 μL被标记的CDK6蛋白分别与PCR管中不同浓度的女贞苷溶液按照1∶1的比例等体积混合, 毛细管吸取混合液, 置于MST微量热泳动仪中, 收集并导出数据, 使用MO.Affinity Analysis软件进行数据处理。
Western blot取处于对数生长期的PC9-OR和H1975-OR细胞消化计数后, 以2×105个/孔接种于6孔板中, 待细胞贴壁后按空白对照组、女贞苷高、低剂量组和奥西替尼阳性对照组给药, 培养48 h。提取细胞总蛋白, 经SDS-PAGE电泳, 转膜, 封闭, 一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。次日, 加入相应的二抗孵育, 使用凝胶成像系统检测, 观察蛋白条带并分析结果。
统计学方法   采用GraphPad 9.0进行统计学分析, 计量资料以x ± s表示。组间比较采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
为探究天然产物女贞苷在NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞中的药效活力, 采用梯度浓度的女贞苷处理细胞48 h后行MTT检测。结果显示, 女贞苷在PC9-OR和H1975-OR细胞中的IC50值分别为19.9和19.13 μmol·L-1 (图 1), 提示天然产物女贞苷可以抑制NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞活力。
取对数生长期PC9-OR和H197-OR细胞进行女贞苷加药处理48 h后, 流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果显示, 停滞在G1期的女贞苷处理组细胞数百分比显著高于对照组细胞数的百分比(图 2), 提示女贞苷可能通过阻滞NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞G1/S期转换发挥药效。
为探究女贞苷抵抗NSCLC奥西替尼耐药性的分子机制, 通过检索Swiss Target Prediction数据库获得女贞苷相关靶点105个; 同时检索GeneCards数据库筛选NSCLC疾病已知靶点分子19 482个。韦恩图分析上述两个数据集, 筛选获得103个女贞苷参与NSCLC的潜在作用靶点。针对这些靶点进行GO分析发现, 女贞苷主要与NSCLC细胞增殖、氧化反应等功能相关(图 3A)。KEGG富集分析显示, 女贞苷在NSCLC细胞中可能参与调控受体激活、细胞周期等通路(图 3B)。综上提示, 女贞苷可能通过调控增殖相关分子发挥作用。
由于女贞苷可能通过阻滞细胞周期抑制耐药细胞增殖, 进一步筛选受其调控的G1/S期相关靶分子。在生信分析获得的103个候选分子中, 筛选获得7个细胞周期相关蛋白, 分别为TP53、CCNB1、CCNB2、CDK1、CDK6、GSK3B、ABL1进行后续研究。通过分子对接分析发现, 女贞苷与CDK6的结合能较高(-10.5 kcal·mol-1, 图 4A)。微量热泳动仪显示的运动轨迹曲线发现, 女贞苷可以与CDK6直接结合, 且二者结合随着化合物浓度的增高而增强, 其亲和力的平衡解离常数Kd=607 nmol·L-1 (如图 4B)。由此提示, 女贞苷可能通过直接结合CDK6调控NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞周期进程。
为进一步明确女贞苷结合CDK6调控细胞周期的机制, Western blot实验对CDK6下游调控的周期相关分子Rb的表达与激活进行分析。结果显示, 与空白对照组相比, 女贞苷处理后的PC9-OR和H1975-OR细胞中, CDK6、cyclin D1、pRb蛋白表达水平显著降低(图 5), 提示女贞苷对耐药细胞周期的阻滞作用可能通过调节CDK6-Rb轴发挥作用。
全球癌症报告显示, 肺癌的发生率和致死率位居前列。目前对于肺癌的治疗手段包括手术切除、化疗和靶向治疗等。奥西替尼作为一线靶向用药, 在晚期NSCLC的治疗中发挥了重要作用, 但随着治疗时间的延长, 其耐药性也开始出现。因此寻求高效、低毒的治疗药物, 以求逆转奥西替尼耐药有着重要的临床价值。近来有研究证实, 中药联合靶向治疗可有效降低EGFR-TKIs的耐药性[12]。晚期肺癌以气虚证、阴虚证等多见, 多使用补气药如黄芪、甘草等; 补阴药麦冬、女贞子等中药进行治疗[13]。Sun等[14]对101例经过吉非替尼治疗的患者进行观察发现其中医证候存在由气虚转向气阴两虚, 气阴两虚向阴虚转化的趋势。女贞苷提取自木犀科植物女贞的干燥成熟果实女贞子中。女贞子属补阴药, 味甘、苦, 归肝、肾经, 具有提高机体免疫功能、抗炎抑菌、保肝护肝、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等功效[15]。近年来, 女贞子的抗肿瘤作用愈发受到重视[16], 临床上也多有应用, 但对其提取物女贞苷能否逆转NSCLC奥西替尼耐药则未见报道。本研究发现, 女贞苷可以通过阻滞耐药细胞G1/S期进程, 从而抑制细胞增殖。
细胞周期作为一种高度调控的过程, 参与细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡, 其失调可能导致细胞异常增殖。CDK是细胞周期调控的一类关键酶, 其发挥作用需要细胞周期蛋白(cyclin) 提供酶活性所必需的结构域, 活性受到许多CDK信号通路以及CDK抑制因子的共同影响[17]。如在肺癌疾病进展的患者中约有10%~20%的患者会出现CDK4、CDK6等编码细胞周期蛋白的基因发生改变, 进而调节下游靶蛋白Rb的活性与表达, 破坏细胞周期调控机制[18]。本研究通过网络药理学技术对女贞苷与NSCLC疾病相关靶点进行预测, 重点关注女贞苷抑制耐药细胞周期进程的相关分子, 进而通过分子对接等方法筛选出女贞苷在NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞中的潜在靶点CDK6。同时, 本课题组还发现了一些其他的调控分子, 将于后续研究中分析。CDK6是cdc2相关激酶家族成员, 在丝裂原诱导下CDK6与细胞周期蛋白D结合形成复合物; CDK活化激酶促进复合物磷酸化激活, 进而促进Rb的磷酸化, 使得转录因子E2F从磷酸化的Rb蛋白脱落, 游离的E2F促使DNA合成, 推动细胞周期[19]。本研究通过Western blot发现, 女贞苷能够下调Rb蛋白的磷酸化水平。
综上所述, 女贞苷作为一种提取自女贞子的天然产物能够有效逆转NSCLC奥西替尼耐药性, 其可能通过抑制CDK6-Rb轴阻滞NSCLC奥西替尼耐药细胞细胞周期进程。该研究为丰富肿瘤靶向耐药分子机制及特异性抑制剂的开发提供实验支持, 也为临床指导联合治疗方案的制定提供理论基础。
作者贡献: 曹鹏、崔鹤负责实验设计、论文修改, 提供了方法理论支持和建议; 李天完成实验数据、论文写作与修改; 王婷、邢宝娟、何子珩、陈姣、蔡雪婷帮助完成实验数据及分析。
利益冲突: 本文作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82125037)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273153)
  • 江苏省临床中药学交叉医学创新中心(CXZX202225)
  • 江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(BE2018755)
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2023年第58卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0382
  • 接收时间:2023-02-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-20
  • 修回日期:2023-07-05
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82125037)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82273153)
江苏省临床中药学交叉医学创新中心(CXZX202225)
江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展)项目(BE2018755)
作者信息
    1.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023
    2.南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院, 江苏 南京 210028

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*崔鹤, E-mail: ;
曹鹏, Tel: 86-25-85608666, E-mail:
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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