Article(id=1198656223118721485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1383, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1671552000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-21, revisedDate=1677513600000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711513547, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1697040000000, pubDateStr=2023-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711513547, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711513547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711513547, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656209390764948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='10', pageStart='2835', pageEnd='3150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1697040000000', pubDateStr='2023-10-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711510274, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763711659007, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656833280897539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656833280897540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656209390764948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2890, endPage=2899, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656223521374695, articleId=1198656223118721485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research on dynamic on-line monitoring method of moisture attribute in three honey-processed Chinese herbal slice based on
in-situ general model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Aiming at the hysteresis and destructiveness of off-line static detection of critical quality attribute of the moisture content of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process, honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis were used as the research carriers, and the drying method was used to measure the moisture content as a reference value. The moving stage was used to simulate the movement process of samples on the conveyor belt in the actual on-site production process, and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were collected, combined with machine learning, to establish NIR on-site dynamic detection model of moisture content in multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice. The results show that the second derivative method is used to preprocess the spectrum. The number of decision trees (ntree), the number of random features (max feature), and the minimum number of samples for generating leaf nodes (node size) are selected: 46, 76, and 8, respectively. The quantitative analysis model of moisture content has the best effect. The prediction coefficient of determination (the prediction coefficient of determination, Rpre2) and the root mean square error of prediction (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP) of the model were 0.903 2 and 0.330 2, respectively. The NIR quantitative model for the moisture content of multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice established in this study has good predictive performance, and can achieve rapid, accurate and non-destructive quantitative analysis of the moisture content of honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis at the same time, and provides a method for determining the moisture content of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process.
, authors=null, authorsList=Han ZHANG, Wen-zhe WANG, Xiao-yan HU, Jing WANG, Yan-yu HAN, Xiao-meng WANG, Xiao-meng ZHANG, Xin-yu GUO, Xing-yue HUAN, Jing ZHAO, Nan LI, Yi-fei WANG, Zhi-sheng WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi-fei WANG, Zhi-sheng WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656224980992623, articleId=1198656223118721485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于现场通用模型的3种蜜炙饮片水分属性动态在线监测方法研究, columnId=1198656210498061206, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 中药制造质量控制与智能制造, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
针对中药制造过程原料单元蜜炙饮片水分含量关键质量属性离线静态检测具有滞后性及破坏性等问题, 以蜜炙款冬、蜜炙黄芪、蜜炙甘草为载体, 采用烘干法测定水分含量作为参考值, 采用运动载物台模拟实际现场传输带生产过程样品运动过程, 采集近红外(near infrared, NIR) 光谱, 结合机器学习方法, 建立多品种蜜炙饮片水分含量NIR现场动态检测模型。结果表明, 采用二阶导数法对光谱进行预处理, 决策树数量(ntree)、随机特征数量(max feature)、生成叶节点的最小样本数(node size) 分别选择46、76、8时, 建立的水分含量定量分析模型效果最优。模型的预测决定系数(the prediction coefficient of determination, Rpre2) 及预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP) 分别为0.903 2和0.330 2。本研究建立的多品种蜜炙饮片水分含量NIR通用定量模型具有良好的预测性能, 可实现同时对蜜炙款冬、蜜炙黄芪、蜜炙甘草水分含量的快速检测, 为中药制造过程原料单元蜜炙饮片的水分测定提供方法。
, authors=null, authorsList=张瀚, 王文哲, 胡小艳, 王静, 韩燕雨, 王晓萌, 张晓梦, 郭新雨, 郇星月, 赵静, 李楠, 王逸飞, 吴志生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王逸飞, 吴志生, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=rDr4Fr/+f5XXI2Gp5sNPXA==, magXml=t7zrVfuBI0m63JLWmMewdg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=V/yrvA39TQCA/hAZAEI1QQ==, pdfFileSize=2087967, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=LrfQo1TCBanKjxaVJ4MFTQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vwszSjhG5vYJGGwQsgRltw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960249601360808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960249769132986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, authorId=1198960249601360808, language=EN, stringName=Han ZHANG, firstName=Han, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Machine Learning,
2001,
45: 5-32., articleTitle=Random forests, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960259982263189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, awardId=82022073, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(82022073), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960260158423972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, awardId=82274110, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82274110), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960260355556270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, awardId=2020B1111120002, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111120002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960260548494268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, awardId=2022-JYB-JBZR-019, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费北京中医药大学揭榜挂帅项目(2022-JYB-JBZR-019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960260649157571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, awardId=2022-JYB-JBZR-018, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费北京中医药大学揭榜挂帅项目(2022-JYB-JBZR-018), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960260867261391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, awardId=90010062820031, language=CN, fundingSource=国家医学攻关产教融合创新平台-中药智能制造工程平台项目(90010062820031), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960249106432881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249123210098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, companyId=1198960249106432881, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249131598708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, companyId=1198960249106432881, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960249261622142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249270010753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, companyId=1198960249261622142, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Production and New Drug Development, Beijing 102488, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249316148100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, companyId=1198960249261622142, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中药制药与新药开发教育部工程研究中心, 北京 102488)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960249433588627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249446171540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, companyId=1198960249433588627, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102499, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960249454560147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, companyId=1198960249433588627, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京中医药大学房山医院, 北京 102499)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960257641841367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HE7/kpaEu21k1oabi69lDQ==, figureFileBig=2V2qLGEK6LwP+DNPUFHfGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960257788642018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
The near infrared (NIR) original spectrum of honey-processed Chinese herbal slices. A: Honey-processed Tussilago farfara; B: Honey-processed Astragalus; C: Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis , figureFileSmall=HE7/kpaEu21k1oabi69lDQ==, figureFileBig=2V2qLGEK6LwP+DNPUFHfGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960257973191407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=O223V1nMFmugPo2gNtBUxA==, figureFileBig=l8lcifrrcvn9+ipTZd8xMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960258161935102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
NIR prediction and moisture related reference graph. A: Honey-processed Tussilago farfara; B: Honey-processed Astragalus; C: Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis; D: Partial least squares (PLS) model of the three kind of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice; E: Random forest model of the three kind of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice , figureFileSmall=O223V1nMFmugPo2gNtBUxA==, figureFileBig=l8lcifrrcvn9+ipTZd8xMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960258279375628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qCntEu+9xgmPK9BK269Ugw==, figureFileBig=DBsoVWUS0/smpsVNXrra9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960258384233241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Influences of parameters on Random Forests model. A: Ntree; B: Max feature; C: Node size; D: Spectral pretreatment methods. OOB-err: Out-of-bag error , figureFileSmall=qCntEu+9xgmPK9BK269Ugw==, figureFileBig=DBsoVWUS0/smpsVNXrra9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960258476507939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Batch | Moisture content | Batch | Moisture content | Batch | Moisture content |
| Honey-processed Tussilago farfara | 200201 | 1 | 8.28 | 200901 | 1 | 7.85 | 2012140 | 1 | 7.01 |
| 2 | 8.11 | 2 | 8.15 | 2 | 7.34 |
| 3 | 8.48 | 3 | 8.33 | 3 | 7.45 |
| 200216 | 1 | 7.80 | 201001 | 1 | 9.85 | 19022304 | 1 | 7.63 |
| 2 | 8.11 | | 2 | 9.86 | 2 | 7.80 |
| 3 | 8.08 | | | | 3 | 8.00 |
| 200401 | 1 | 10.20 | 210101 | 1 | 10.22 | 19030229 | 1 | 9.67 |
| 2 | 10.13 | 2 | 9.69 | 2 | 10.05 |
| 3 | 9.67 | 3 | 9.85 | 3 | 9.79 |
| 200501 | 1 | 9.96 | 210105 | 1 | 9.14 | 19030330 | 1 | 9.87 |
| 2 | 9.37 | 2 | 9.71 | 2 | 9.79 |
| 3 | 10.5 | 3 | 9.56 | 3 | 9.68 |
| 200601 | 1 | 7.81 | 210301 | 1 | 9.54 | 20051402 | 1 | 10.12 |
| 2 | 7.96 | 2 | 9.8 | 2 | 9.75 |
| 3 | 8.02 | 3 | 9.31 | 3 | 10.07 |
| 200701 | 1 | 9.15 | 2001025 | 1 | 8.35 | 20200030 | 1 | 8.48 |
| 2 | 9.21 | 2 | 8.35 | 2 | 8.06 |
| 3 | 9.47 | 3 | 8.16 | 3 | 8.32 |
| 200801 | 1 | 8.70 | 2012139 | 1 | 6.76 | 20201214 | 1 | 9.45 |
| 2 | 8.25 | 2 | 7.00 | 2 | 9.21 |
| 3 | 8.28 | 3 | 7.01 | 3 | 9.49 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | 20072002 | 1 | 8.07 | 200902 | 1 | 6.57 | 210101 | 1 | 7.57 |
| 2 | 8.68 | 2 | 7.14 | 2 | 7.62 |
| 3 | 9.23 | 3 | 6.54 | 3 | 7.41 |
| 20080132 | 1 | 9.22 | 200601 | 1 | 8.36 | 20210221 | 1 | 8.88 |
| 2 | 8.95 | 2 | 8.80 | 2 | 8.82 |
| 3 | 9.46 | 3 | 7.26 | 3 | 8.58 |
| 20210219 | 1 | 8.32 | 19030120 | 1 | 13.52 | 200401 | 1 | 8.84 |
| 2 | 8.07 | 2 | 13.50 | 2 | 8.79 |
| | 3 | 13.19 | 3 | 8.87 |
| 1911024 | 1 | 8.11 | 201201 | 1 | 8.83 | 200701 | 1 | 11.88 |
| 2 | 8.02 | 2 | 8.55 | 2 | 11.71 |
| 3 | 8.15 | 3 | 8.27 | 3 | 11.47 |
| 200801 | 1 | 8.14 | 200501b | 1 | 9.96 | 18051201 | 1 | 7.89 |
| 2103045 | 1 | 6.85 | 2 | 9.47 | 2 | 9.11 |
| 2 | 8.09 | | | 3 | 8.50 |
| 3 | 7.82 | 200901 | 1 | 9.17 | 200201a | 1 | 7.87 |
| 210105 | 1 | 8.58 | 2 | 8.94 | 2 | 7.29 |
| 2 | 8.29 | 3 | 8.58 | | |
| 3 | 8.31 | 200201b | 1 | 5.84 | 200410 | 1 | 5.46 |
| 201001 | 1 | 6.31 | 2 | 5.72 | 2 | 7.29 |
| 2 | 6.61 | 3 | 5.86 | 3 | 7.25 |
| 3 | 6.50 | 200501a | 1 | 7.69 | 2102050 | 1 | 8.47 |
| 2103110 | 1 | 8.55 | 2 | 7.69 | 2 | 9.36 |
| 2 | 7.84 | 3 | 7.92 | 3 | 8.17 |
| 3 | 8.97 | | | | | | |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 20210424 | 1 | 9.86 | 20100119 | 1 | 10.16 | 210101A | 1 | 9.42 |
| 2 | 10.26 | 2 | 9.27 | 2 | 9.40 |
| 3 | 9.42 | 3 | 9.01 | 3 | 9.66 |
| 21010356 | 1 | 10.65 | 200216 | 1 | 9.90 | 201201B | 1 | 9.37 |
| 2 | 10.53 | 2 | 9.69 | 2 | 9.36 |
| 3 | 10.16 | 3 | 9.82 | 3 | 9.66 |
| 2103136 | 1 | 8.32 | 210105B | 1 | 9.19 | 210101B | 1 | 9.56 |
| 2 | 7.41 | 2 | 8.99 | 2 | 9.69 |
| | 3 | 9.08 | 3 | 9.72 |
| 210301 | 1 | 9.60 | 201001A | 1 | 9.28 | 200101B | 1 | 7.04 |
| 2 | 9.34 | 2 | 9.33 | 2 | 6.97 |
| 3 | 9.26 | 3 | 8.92 | 3 | 6.87 |
| 210401 | 1 | 9.82 | 20071502 | 1 | 9.85 | 200601 | 1 | 9.07 |
| 2 | 9.31 | 2 | 9.47 | 2 | 8.97 |
| 3 | 8.88 | 3 | 9.62 | 3 | 9.24 |
| 200501 | 1 | 9.80 | 201201C | 1 | 9.04 | 200301 | 1 | 9.73 |
| 2 | 9.94 | 2 | 8.69 | 2 | 9.35 |
| 3 | 9.84 | 3 | 8.55 | 3 | 9.43 |
| 2002044 | 1 | 8.15 | 21010255 | 1 | 9.02 | 201001B | 1 | 9.77 |
| 2 | 8.52 | 2 | 9.22 | 2 | 9.62 |
| 3 | 8.61 | 3 | 9.52 | 3 | 9.47 |
| 2103126 | 1 | 8.61 | 1911019 | 1 | 8.23 | 200901B | 1 | 9.98 |
| 2 | 8.46 | | 2 | 8.06 | 2 | 9.38 |
| 3 | 6.99 | | | | 3 | 9.48 |
| 200901A | 1 | 10.11 | 200401 | 1 | 9.49 | 200101C | 1 | 9.08 |
| 2 | 9.51 | 2 | 9.64 | 2 | 8.63 |
| 3 | 9.43 | 3 | 9.76 | 3 | 8.65 |
| 210105A | 1 | 10.04 | | | | | | |
| 2 | 10.18 | | | | | | |
| 3 | 9.83 | | | | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960258619114284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Moisture content reference value of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice samples
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Batch | Moisture content | Batch | Moisture content | Batch | Moisture content |
| Honey-processed Tussilago farfara | 200201 | 1 | 8.28 | 200901 | 1 | 7.85 | 2012140 | 1 | 7.01 |
| 2 | 8.11 | 2 | 8.15 | 2 | 7.34 |
| 3 | 8.48 | 3 | 8.33 | 3 | 7.45 |
| 200216 | 1 | 7.80 | 201001 | 1 | 9.85 | 19022304 | 1 | 7.63 |
| 2 | 8.11 | | 2 | 9.86 | 2 | 7.80 |
| 3 | 8.08 | | | | 3 | 8.00 |
| 200401 | 1 | 10.20 | 210101 | 1 | 10.22 | 19030229 | 1 | 9.67 |
| 2 | 10.13 | 2 | 9.69 | 2 | 10.05 |
| 3 | 9.67 | 3 | 9.85 | 3 | 9.79 |
| 200501 | 1 | 9.96 | 210105 | 1 | 9.14 | 19030330 | 1 | 9.87 |
| 2 | 9.37 | 2 | 9.71 | 2 | 9.79 |
| 3 | 10.5 | 3 | 9.56 | 3 | 9.68 |
| 200601 | 1 | 7.81 | 210301 | 1 | 9.54 | 20051402 | 1 | 10.12 |
| 2 | 7.96 | 2 | 9.8 | 2 | 9.75 |
| 3 | 8.02 | 3 | 9.31 | 3 | 10.07 |
| 200701 | 1 | 9.15 | 2001025 | 1 | 8.35 | 20200030 | 1 | 8.48 |
| 2 | 9.21 | 2 | 8.35 | 2 | 8.06 |
| 3 | 9.47 | 3 | 8.16 | 3 | 8.32 |
| 200801 | 1 | 8.70 | 2012139 | 1 | 6.76 | 20201214 | 1 | 9.45 |
| 2 | 8.25 | 2 | 7.00 | 2 | 9.21 |
| 3 | 8.28 | 3 | 7.01 | 3 | 9.49 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | 20072002 | 1 | 8.07 | 200902 | 1 | 6.57 | 210101 | 1 | 7.57 |
| 2 | 8.68 | 2 | 7.14 | 2 | 7.62 |
| 3 | 9.23 | 3 | 6.54 | 3 | 7.41 |
| 20080132 | 1 | 9.22 | 200601 | 1 | 8.36 | 20210221 | 1 | 8.88 |
| 2 | 8.95 | 2 | 8.80 | 2 | 8.82 |
| 3 | 9.46 | 3 | 7.26 | 3 | 8.58 |
| 20210219 | 1 | 8.32 | 19030120 | 1 | 13.52 | 200401 | 1 | 8.84 |
| 2 | 8.07 | 2 | 13.50 | 2 | 8.79 |
| | 3 | 13.19 | 3 | 8.87 |
| 1911024 | 1 | 8.11 | 201201 | 1 | 8.83 | 200701 | 1 | 11.88 |
| 2 | 8.02 | 2 | 8.55 | 2 | 11.71 |
| 3 | 8.15 | 3 | 8.27 | 3 | 11.47 |
| 200801 | 1 | 8.14 | 200501b | 1 | 9.96 | 18051201 | 1 | 7.89 |
| 2103045 | 1 | 6.85 | 2 | 9.47 | 2 | 9.11 |
| 2 | 8.09 | | | 3 | 8.50 |
| 3 | 7.82 | 200901 | 1 | 9.17 | 200201a | 1 | 7.87 |
| 210105 | 1 | 8.58 | 2 | 8.94 | 2 | 7.29 |
| 2 | 8.29 | 3 | 8.58 | | |
| 3 | 8.31 | 200201b | 1 | 5.84 | 200410 | 1 | 5.46 |
| 201001 | 1 | 6.31 | 2 | 5.72 | 2 | 7.29 |
| 2 | 6.61 | 3 | 5.86 | 3 | 7.25 |
| 3 | 6.50 | 200501a | 1 | 7.69 | 2102050 | 1 | 8.47 |
| 2103110 | 1 | 8.55 | 2 | 7.69 | 2 | 9.36 |
| 2 | 7.84 | 3 | 7.92 | 3 | 8.17 |
| 3 | 8.97 | | | | | | |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 20210424 | 1 | 9.86 | 20100119 | 1 | 10.16 | 210101A | 1 | 9.42 |
| 2 | 10.26 | 2 | 9.27 | 2 | 9.40 |
| 3 | 9.42 | 3 | 9.01 | 3 | 9.66 |
| 21010356 | 1 | 10.65 | 200216 | 1 | 9.90 | 201201B | 1 | 9.37 |
| 2 | 10.53 | 2 | 9.69 | 2 | 9.36 |
| 3 | 10.16 | 3 | 9.82 | 3 | 9.66 |
| 2103136 | 1 | 8.32 | 210105B | 1 | 9.19 | 210101B | 1 | 9.56 |
| 2 | 7.41 | 2 | 8.99 | 2 | 9.69 |
| | 3 | 9.08 | 3 | 9.72 |
| 210301 | 1 | 9.60 | 201001A | 1 | 9.28 | 200101B | 1 | 7.04 |
| 2 | 9.34 | 2 | 9.33 | 2 | 6.97 |
| 3 | 9.26 | 3 | 8.92 | 3 | 6.87 |
| 210401 | 1 | 9.82 | 20071502 | 1 | 9.85 | 200601 | 1 | 9.07 |
| 2 | 9.31 | 2 | 9.47 | 2 | 8.97 |
| 3 | 8.88 | 3 | 9.62 | 3 | 9.24 |
| 200501 | 1 | 9.80 | 201201C | 1 | 9.04 | 200301 | 1 | 9.73 |
| 2 | 9.94 | 2 | 8.69 | 2 | 9.35 |
| 3 | 9.84 | 3 | 8.55 | 3 | 9.43 |
| 2002044 | 1 | 8.15 | 21010255 | 1 | 9.02 | 201001B | 1 | 9.77 |
| 2 | 8.52 | 2 | 9.22 | 2 | 9.62 |
| 3 | 8.61 | 3 | 9.52 | 3 | 9.47 |
| 2103126 | 1 | 8.61 | 1911019 | 1 | 8.23 | 200901B | 1 | 9.98 |
| 2 | 8.46 | | 2 | 8.06 | 2 | 9.38 |
| 3 | 6.99 | | | | 3 | 9.48 |
| 200901A | 1 | 10.11 | 200401 | 1 | 9.49 | 200101C | 1 | 9.08 |
| 2 | 9.51 | 2 | 9.64 | 2 | 8.63 |
| 3 | 9.43 | 3 | 9.76 | 3 | 8.65 |
| 210105A | 1 | 10.04 | | | | | | |
| 2 | 10.18 | | | | | | |
| 3 | 9.83 | | | | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960258799469371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Pretreatment | LVs | Rcal2 | RMSEC | RMSECV | RPD |
| Honey-processed Tussilago farfara | RAW | 3 | 0.840 2 | 0.395 5 | 0.439 7 | 2.250 4 |
| SNV | 2 | 0.846 9 | 0.385 8 | 0.409 2 | 2.410 2 |
| Normalization | 3 | 0.864 3 | 0.363 3 | 0.397 0 | 2.484 4 |
| SG9 | 3 | 0.863 7 | 0.364 0 | 0.407 0 | 2.423 2 |
| SG9+SNV | 3 | 0.873 3 | 0.351 0 | 0.380 7 | 2.590 3 |
| SG9+1D | 4 | 0.907 2 | 0.300 4 | 0.341 2 | 2.890 5 |
| SG9+2D | 3 | 0.921 5 | 0.276 2 | 0.326 5 | 3.020 4 |
| 1D | 3 | 0.884 6 | 0.335 0 | 0.356 4 | 2.767 3 |
| 2D | 2 | 0.900 1 | 0.311 7 | 0.334 8 | 2.945 7 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | RAW | 5 | 0.863 1 | 0.579 8 | 0.645 8 | 2.426 3 |
| SNV | 5 | 0.878 1 | 0.547 1 | 0.621 1 | 2.522 9 |
| Normalization | 5 | 0.886 2 | 0.528 6 | 0.596 9 | 2.625 3 |
| SG9 | 5 | 0.864 0 | 0.577 8 | 0.644 0 | 2.433 4 |
| SG9+SNV | 5 | 0.877 8 | 0.547 8 | 0.621 5 | 2.521 4 |
| SG9+1D | 5 | 0.889 7 | 0.520 5 | 0.624 2 | 2.510 8 |
| SG9+2D | 5 | 0.889 7 | 0.520 5 | 0.624 2 | 2.510 8 |
| 1D | 5 | 0.897 1 | 0.502 6 | 0.576 7 | 2.718 3 |
| 2D | 5 | 0.890 6 | 0.518 3 | 0.616 5 | 2.541 8 |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | RAW | 6 | 0.618 9 | 0.449 4 | 0.511 7 | 1.422 7 |
| Normalization | 4 | 0.572 4 | 0.476 1 | 0.517 7 | 1.406 2 |
| SNV | 6 | 0.699 4 | 0.399 2 | 0.450 9 | 1.614 9 |
| SG11 | 6 | 0.616 6 | 0.450 8 | 0.513 9 | 1.416 6 |
| SG9 | 6 | 0.617 8 | 0.450 1 | 0.512 9 | 1.419 5 |
| SG9+1D | 4 | 0.671 0 | 0.417 6 | 0.477 3 | 1.525 5 |
| SG9+2D | 4 | 0.729 6 | 0.378 6 | 0.431 0 | 1.689 2 |
| 1D | 4 | 0.672 1 | 0.416 9 | 0.479 9 | 1.517 1 |
| 2D | 4 | 0.777 3 | 0.343 6 | 0.409 7 | 1.776 9 |
| Three kinds of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice | RAW | 3 | 0.592 2 | 0.771 7 | 0.793 6 | 1.522 8 |
| Normalization | 3 | 0.662 4 | 0.702 2 | 0.733 8 | 1.647 0 |
| SNV | 4 | 0.759 3 | 0.592 9 | 0.624 4 | 1.935 5 |
| SG11 | 5 | 0.765 8 | 0.584 8 | 0.619 5 | 1.950 7 |
| 1D | 5 | 0.811 2 | 0.525 1 | 0.553 0 | 2.185 5 |
| 2D | 5 | 0.814 5 | 0.520 5 | 0.548 6 | 2.203 0 |
| MSC | 4 | 0.748 2 | 0.606 4 | 0.635 1 | 1.902 8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960258950464325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Performance indexes of quantitative model with different spectral pretreatment methods. LVs: Level of potential variables; Rcal2: The calibration coefficient of determination; RMSEC: Root mean square error of calibration; RMSECV: Root mean square error of cross-validation; RPD: Validation set to standard error of prediction; RAW: Raw spectrum; SNV: Standard normalization variate; SG: Savitzky-Golay smoothing; 1D: First derivative; 2D: Second derivative; MSC: Multiple scatter correction
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Pretreatment | LVs | Rcal2 | RMSEC | RMSECV | RPD |
| Honey-processed Tussilago farfara | RAW | 3 | 0.840 2 | 0.395 5 | 0.439 7 | 2.250 4 |
| SNV | 2 | 0.846 9 | 0.385 8 | 0.409 2 | 2.410 2 |
| Normalization | 3 | 0.864 3 | 0.363 3 | 0.397 0 | 2.484 4 |
| SG9 | 3 | 0.863 7 | 0.364 0 | 0.407 0 | 2.423 2 |
| SG9+SNV | 3 | 0.873 3 | 0.351 0 | 0.380 7 | 2.590 3 |
| SG9+1D | 4 | 0.907 2 | 0.300 4 | 0.341 2 | 2.890 5 |
| SG9+2D | 3 | 0.921 5 | 0.276 2 | 0.326 5 | 3.020 4 |
| 1D | 3 | 0.884 6 | 0.335 0 | 0.356 4 | 2.767 3 |
| 2D | 2 | 0.900 1 | 0.311 7 | 0.334 8 | 2.945 7 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | RAW | 5 | 0.863 1 | 0.579 8 | 0.645 8 | 2.426 3 |
| SNV | 5 | 0.878 1 | 0.547 1 | 0.621 1 | 2.522 9 |
| Normalization | 5 | 0.886 2 | 0.528 6 | 0.596 9 | 2.625 3 |
| SG9 | 5 | 0.864 0 | 0.577 8 | 0.644 0 | 2.433 4 |
| SG9+SNV | 5 | 0.877 8 | 0.547 8 | 0.621 5 | 2.521 4 |
| SG9+1D | 5 | 0.889 7 | 0.520 5 | 0.624 2 | 2.510 8 |
| SG9+2D | 5 | 0.889 7 | 0.520 5 | 0.624 2 | 2.510 8 |
| 1D | 5 | 0.897 1 | 0.502 6 | 0.576 7 | 2.718 3 |
| 2D | 5 | 0.890 6 | 0.518 3 | 0.616 5 | 2.541 8 |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | RAW | 6 | 0.618 9 | 0.449 4 | 0.511 7 | 1.422 7 |
| Normalization | 4 | 0.572 4 | 0.476 1 | 0.517 7 | 1.406 2 |
| SNV | 6 | 0.699 4 | 0.399 2 | 0.450 9 | 1.614 9 |
| SG11 | 6 | 0.616 6 | 0.450 8 | 0.513 9 | 1.416 6 |
| SG9 | 6 | 0.617 8 | 0.450 1 | 0.512 9 | 1.419 5 |
| SG9+1D | 4 | 0.671 0 | 0.417 6 | 0.477 3 | 1.525 5 |
| SG9+2D | 4 | 0.729 6 | 0.378 6 | 0.431 0 | 1.689 2 |
| 1D | 4 | 0.672 1 | 0.416 9 | 0.479 9 | 1.517 1 |
| 2D | 4 | 0.777 3 | 0.343 6 | 0.409 7 | 1.776 9 |
| Three kinds of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice | RAW | 3 | 0.592 2 | 0.771 7 | 0.793 6 | 1.522 8 |
| Normalization | 3 | 0.662 4 | 0.702 2 | 0.733 8 | 1.647 0 |
| SNV | 4 | 0.759 3 | 0.592 9 | 0.624 4 | 1.935 5 |
| SG11 | 5 | 0.765 8 | 0.584 8 | 0.619 5 | 1.950 7 |
| 1D | 5 | 0.811 2 | 0.525 1 | 0.553 0 | 2.185 5 |
| 2D | 5 | 0.814 5 | 0.520 5 | 0.548 6 | 2.203 0 |
| MSC | 4 | 0.748 2 | 0.606 4 | 0.635 1 | 1.902 8 |
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| Sample | Band filtering | Cal | | Pre |
| Rcal2 | RMSEC | RMSECV | BIAS | Rpre2 | RMSEP | BIASp | RPD |
| Honey-processed Tussilago farfara | RAW | 0.912 9 | 0.260 5 | 0.335 8 | -0.004 2 | | 0.916 0 | 0.336 3 | -0.020 6 | 4.889 3 |
| VIP | 0.918 3 | 0.252 3 | 0.306 8 | -0.006 7 | 0.908 6 | 0.350 9 | -0.046 7 | 4.718 7 |
| MWPLS | 0.912 9 | 0.260 5 | 0.335 8 | -0.004 2 | 0.916 0 | 0.336 3 | -0.020 6 | 4.889 3 |
| SR | 0.914 5 | 0.258 0 | 0.316 0 | -0.001 6 | 0.920 4 | 0.327 3 | -0.055 2 | 5.087 1 |
| CARS | 0.935 2 | 0.224 7 | 0.274 7 | -0.007 8 | 0.844 4 | 0.457 7 | -0.016 3 | 3.587 9 |
| UVE | 0.883 6 | 0.301 3 | 0.344 5 | 0.001 0 | 0.921 9 | 0.305 1 | -0.003 2 | 5.061 8 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | RAW | 0.884 1 | 0.510 2 | 0.598 3 | 0.007 0 | 0.887 7 | 0.572 6 | -0.241 2 | 6.768 7 |
| VIP | 0.867 3 | 0.545 9 | 0.660 5 | -0.005 9 | 0.834 1 | 0.696 1 | -0.318 4 | 5.678 8 |
| MWPLS | 0.884 1 | 0.510 2 | 0.598 3 | 0.007 0 | 0.887 7 | 0.572 6 | -0.241 2 | 6.768 7 |
| SR | 0.867 5 | 0.545 6 | 0.630 4 | -0.001 8 | 0.841 4 | 0.680 7 | -0.293 3 | 5.722 8 |
| CARS | 0.905 8 | 0.460 0 | 0.519 2 | -0.002 1 | 0.876 2 | 0.601 4 | -0.220 8 | 6.284 5 |
| UVE | 0.887 7 | 0.502 3 | 0.603 2 | -0.000 8 | 0.890 0 | 0.566 8 | -0.236 0 | 6.822 1 |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | RAW | 0.821 0 | 0.302 6 | 0.378 9 | -0.001 0 | 0.650 9 | 0.435 8 | -0.044 4 | 2.383 8 |
| VIP | 0.810 0 | 0.311 7 | 0.377 9 | -0.004 9 | 0.661 7 | 0.429 0 | -0.028 7 | 2.414 4 |
| MWPLS | 0.821 0 | 0.302 6 | 0.378 9 | -0.001 0 | 0.650 9 | 0.435 8 | -0.044 4 | 2.383 8 |
| SR | 0.641 8 | 0.428 1 | 0.471 2 | 0.002 9 | 0.465 8 | 0.539 2 | -0.066 9 | 1.931 8 |
| CARS | 0.839 4 | 0.286 6 | 0.317 8 | 0.000 1 | 0.707 6 | 0.398 9 | -0.050 9 | 2.612 4 |
| UVE | 0.819 4 | 0.304 0 | 0.378 4 | -0.000 2 | 0.641 7 | 0.441 5 | -0.041 6 | 2.351 2 |
| Three kinds of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice | RAW | 0.780 7 | 0.584 1 | 0.614 4 | -0.003 0 | 0.840 4 | 0.585 9 | -0.045 8 | 4.361 0 |
| VIP | 0.765 3 | 0.604 3 | 0.632 5 | -0.003 0 | 0.833 1 | 0.606 2 | -0.081 5 | 4.316 2 |
| UVE | 0.780 9 | 0.584 0 | 0.614 2 | -0.003 1 | 0.841 5 | 0.5858 | -0.049 1 | 4.380 7 |
| MWPLS | 0.780 7 | 0.584 1 | 0.614 4 | -0.003 0 | 0.840 4 | 0.585 9 | -0.045 8 | 4.361 0 |
| CARS | 0.826 8 | 0.519 1 | 0.557 1 | -0.001 3 | 0.861 0 | 0.520 7 | -0.007 5 | 4.646 8 |
| SR | 0.805 8 | 0.549 7 | 0.572 5 | -0.001 7 | 0.840 2 | 0.551 5 | -0.005 4 | 4.333 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960259231482722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Performance indexes of quantitative model with different spectral band filtering methods. BIAS: Rate of deviation; Rpre2: The prediction coefficient of determination; RMSEP: Root mean square error of prediction; BIASp: Rate of deviation of prediction; VIP: Variable importance in the projection; MWPLS: Moving windows partial least squares; SR: Stepwise regression; CARS: Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling; UVE: Uniformative variable elimination; Cal: Calibration; Pre: Prediction
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample | Band filtering | Cal | | Pre |
| Rcal2 | RMSEC | RMSECV | BIAS | Rpre2 | RMSEP | BIASp | RPD |
| Honey-processed Tussilago farfara | RAW | 0.912 9 | 0.260 5 | 0.335 8 | -0.004 2 | | 0.916 0 | 0.336 3 | -0.020 6 | 4.889 3 |
| VIP | 0.918 3 | 0.252 3 | 0.306 8 | -0.006 7 | 0.908 6 | 0.350 9 | -0.046 7 | 4.718 7 |
| MWPLS | 0.912 9 | 0.260 5 | 0.335 8 | -0.004 2 | 0.916 0 | 0.336 3 | -0.020 6 | 4.889 3 |
| SR | 0.914 5 | 0.258 0 | 0.316 0 | -0.001 6 | 0.920 4 | 0.327 3 | -0.055 2 | 5.087 1 |
| CARS | 0.935 2 | 0.224 7 | 0.274 7 | -0.007 8 | 0.844 4 | 0.457 7 | -0.016 3 | 3.587 9 |
| UVE | 0.883 6 | 0.301 3 | 0.344 5 | 0.001 0 | 0.921 9 | 0.305 1 | -0.003 2 | 5.061 8 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | RAW | 0.884 1 | 0.510 2 | 0.598 3 | 0.007 0 | 0.887 7 | 0.572 6 | -0.241 2 | 6.768 7 |
| VIP | 0.867 3 | 0.545 9 | 0.660 5 | -0.005 9 | 0.834 1 | 0.696 1 | -0.318 4 | 5.678 8 |
| MWPLS | 0.884 1 | 0.510 2 | 0.598 3 | 0.007 0 | 0.887 7 | 0.572 6 | -0.241 2 | 6.768 7 |
| SR | 0.867 5 | 0.545 6 | 0.630 4 | -0.001 8 | 0.841 4 | 0.680 7 | -0.293 3 | 5.722 8 |
| CARS | 0.905 8 | 0.460 0 | 0.519 2 | -0.002 1 | 0.876 2 | 0.601 4 | -0.220 8 | 6.284 5 |
| UVE | 0.887 7 | 0.502 3 | 0.603 2 | -0.000 8 | 0.890 0 | 0.566 8 | -0.236 0 | 6.822 1 |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | RAW | 0.821 0 | 0.302 6 | 0.378 9 | -0.001 0 | 0.650 9 | 0.435 8 | -0.044 4 | 2.383 8 |
| VIP | 0.810 0 | 0.311 7 | 0.377 9 | -0.004 9 | 0.661 7 | 0.429 0 | -0.028 7 | 2.414 4 |
| MWPLS | 0.821 0 | 0.302 6 | 0.378 9 | -0.001 0 | 0.650 9 | 0.435 8 | -0.044 4 | 2.383 8 |
| SR | 0.641 8 | 0.428 1 | 0.471 2 | 0.002 9 | 0.465 8 | 0.539 2 | -0.066 9 | 1.931 8 |
| CARS | 0.839 4 | 0.286 6 | 0.317 8 | 0.000 1 | 0.707 6 | 0.398 9 | -0.050 9 | 2.612 4 |
| UVE | 0.819 4 | 0.304 0 | 0.378 4 | -0.000 2 | 0.641 7 | 0.441 5 | -0.041 6 | 2.351 2 |
| Three kinds of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice | RAW | 0.780 7 | 0.584 1 | 0.614 4 | -0.003 0 | 0.840 4 | 0.585 9 | -0.045 8 | 4.361 0 |
| VIP | 0.765 3 | 0.604 3 | 0.632 5 | -0.003 0 | 0.833 1 | 0.606 2 | -0.081 5 | 4.316 2 |
| UVE | 0.780 9 | 0.584 0 | 0.614 2 | -0.003 1 | 0.841 5 | 0.5858 | -0.049 1 | 4.380 7 |
| MWPLS | 0.780 7 | 0.584 1 | 0.614 4 | -0.003 0 | 0.840 4 | 0.585 9 | -0.045 8 | 4.361 0 |
| CARS | 0.826 8 | 0.519 1 | 0.557 1 | -0.001 3 | 0.861 0 | 0.520 7 | -0.007 5 | 4.646 8 |
| SR | 0.805 8 | 0.549 7 | 0.572 5 | -0.001 7 | 0.840 2 | 0.551 5 | -0.005 4 | 4.333 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960259420226416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Model | Algorithm | Cal | | Pre |
| Rcal2 | RMSEC | Rpre2 | RMSEP |
| Honey- processed Tussilago farfara | PLS | 0.914 5 | 0.258 0 | | 0.920 4 | 0.327 3 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | PLS | 0.887 7 | 0.502 3 | 0.890 0 | 0.566 8 |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | PLS | 0.839 4 | 0.286 6 | 0.707 6 | 0.398 9 |
| Generic model | PLS | 0.826 8 | 0.519 1 | 0.861 0 | 0.520 7 |
| Random Forest | 0.965 9 | 0.230 2 | 0.903 0 | 0.330 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960259613164410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656223118721485, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=
Performance indexes of quantitative model with different algorithms
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Model | Algorithm | Cal | | Pre |
| Rcal2 | RMSEC | Rpre2 | RMSEP |
| Honey- processed Tussilago farfara | PLS | 0.914 5 | 0.258 0 | | 0.920 4 | 0.327 3 |
| Honey-processed Astragalus | PLS | 0.887 7 | 0.502 3 | 0.890 0 | 0.566 8 |
| Honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis | PLS | 0.839 4 | 0.286 6 | 0.707 6 | 0.398 9 |
| Generic model | PLS | 0.826 8 | 0.519 1 | 0.861 0 | 0.520 7 |
| Random Forest | 0.965 9 | 0.230 2 | 0.903 0 | 0.330 2 |
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