Article(id=1198656145364710189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1449, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1672502400000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-01, revisedDate=1679328000000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711495008, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1694448000000, pubDateStr=2023-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711495008, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711495008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711495008, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656143976399200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='9', pageStart='2541', pageEnd='2834', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1694448000000', pubDateStr='2023-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711494677, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763711620095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656670072144034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656670072144035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2685, endPage=2693, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656145616368433, articleId=1198656145364710189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. inhibit oxidative stress against H9c2 cell ischemia-reperfusion injury via VEGF-B/AMPK pathway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) is an effective component extracted and isolated from the traditional Uighur medicinal herb Cymbidium fragrans. Cymbidium fragrans has the effects of tonifying the heart and brain, promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, and has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 (rat cardiomyocytes) cells and its mechanism. A model (H/R) of hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury in H9c2 cells was established using hypoxia and glucose deprivation for 9 h combined with re-oxygenation and rehydration for 2 h to simulate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The effects of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on cell viability, markers of myocardial cell damage, oxidative stress levels, and reactive oxygen radical (ROS) content were investigated, Western blot was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway related proteins. The results showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans significantly increased the viability of myocardial cells after H/R injury, and decreased the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) in the cell supernatant. It significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and decreased intracellular ROS and nitric oxide (NO) content. Western blot analysis showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans decreased Bax levels in H9c2 cells damaged by H/R and increased Bcl-2 expression. Total flavones of Cymbidium fragrans upregulate VEGF-B/AMPK pathway related proteins VEGF-B, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein (p-AMPK) and phospho mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-MTOR) levels. The above research results indicate that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium can significantly reduce the H/R injury of myocardial cells, which may be related to the upregulation of VEGF-B/AMPK pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress response.

, authors=null, authorsList=KADER Kaderyea, Jian-guo XING, Di-wei LIU, Rui-fang ZHENG, Zu-wen MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rui-fang ZHENG, Zu-wen MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656147147289419, articleId=1198656145364710189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=香青兰总黄酮通过VEGF-B/AMPK通路缓解氧化应激抗H9c2细胞缺血再灌注损伤, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

香青兰总黄酮(total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L., TFDM) 是从维吾尔医药传统药材香青兰中提取分离出来的有效部位, 香青兰具有补益心脑、活血化瘀等功效, 长期广泛用于治疗心脑血管疾病。本研究旨在确定香青兰总黄酮对H9c2 (大鼠心肌细胞) 细胞缺氧复氧(hypoxia/re-oxygenation, H/R) 损伤的影响及其作用机制。采用缺氧缺糖9 h合并复氧复糖2 h建立H9c2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤模型, 模拟心肌缺血再灌注心肌损伤, 考察香青兰总黄酮对细胞活力、心肌细胞损伤标志物、氧化应激水平、活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen radical, ROS) 含量的影响, 并应用Western blot法检测血管内皮生长因子B (vascular endothelial growth factor B, VEGF-B) 和磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶[adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, AMPK] 通路相关蛋白表达。结果显示, 香青兰总黄酮显著提高H/R损伤后心肌细胞活力, 减少细胞上清中乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶同工酶含量。显著降低丙二醛, 增高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、降低细胞内ROS和一氧化氮含量。Western blot分析显示, 香青兰总黄酮降低H/R损伤H9c2细胞的BCL-2关联X蛋白水平, 上调B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因表达。香青兰总黄酮上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路相关蛋白VEGF-B、血管内皮生长因子受体1、神经纤毛蛋白1、过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ共激活因子1α、磷酸化AMPK、磷酸化的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白水平。上述研究结果表明, 香青兰总黄酮能够明显减轻心肌细胞H/R损伤, 其机制可能与上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路抑制氧化应激反应有关。

, authors=null, authorsList=卡德尔业·卡德尔, 邢建国, 刘砥威, 郑瑞芳, 马祖文, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑瑞芳, 马祖文, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郑瑞芳, Tel: 13139911620, E-mail: ;
马祖文, E-mail:
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EMBO Mol Med, 2014, 6: 307-321., articleTitle=VEGF-B-induced vascular growth leads to metabolic reprogramming and ischemia resistance in the heart, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960234703192444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, doi=10.1073/pnas.1801379115, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=115, issue=null, pageStart=10351, pageEnd=10356, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arjunan P, Lin X, Tang Z, et al. VEGF-B is a potent antioxidant[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2018, 115: 10351-10356., articleTitle=VEGF-B is a potent antioxidant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960234791272839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=18, issue=null, pageStart=1263, pageEnd=1266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=J Clin Exp Med (临床与实验医学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Z, Ma XG, Zhao Z. Effects of baserol and total flavonoids on tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in asthmatic mice[J]. 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(TFDM) can improve the viability of H9c2 cells injured by hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R). <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the model (H/R) group , figureFileSmall=UKo9Lqkr7p6wh+q9b+M7sA==, figureFileBig=jkMqXVd4nrtgPS5KFRWhYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960226876621483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IHpx0YFDTxmNJ0etixtOVA==, figureFileBig=ZchyvgSjGykmPDVW+TJ1xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960227149251254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of TFDM on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, A) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB, B) released from H9c2 cells injured by H/R. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the model group , figureFileSmall=IHpx0YFDTxmNJ0etixtOVA==, figureFileBig=ZchyvgSjGykmPDVW+TJ1xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960227279274697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PCkc+CCMiYI4+M0Vnnvwpg==, figureFileBig=zhRFtFFfN01zyaiF9BDpqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960227451241174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of TFDM on oxidative stress content in H9c2 myocardial cells after H/R injury. A: Malondialdehyde (MDA) level; B: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level; C: Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level; D: carbon monoxide (NO) level. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the model group , figureFileSmall=PCkc+CCMiYI4+M0Vnnvwpg==, figureFileBig=zhRFtFFfN01zyaiF9BDpqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960227639984870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=p2w0LIPDKhuhSbW/d9R6NA==, figureFileBig=P94OBuA0UJaJyDlcbhInQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960227837117178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Inhibition of TFDM (25, 50 and 100 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in H/R damaged H9c2 cells. ROS expression was determined by a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> the model group. DCFH-DA: 2', 7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate , figureFileSmall=p2w0LIPDKhuhSbW/d9R6NA==, figureFileBig=P94OBuA0UJaJyDlcbhInQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960228122329872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wYtYroblpu3TFdOM+XbPtA==, figureFileBig=vxZudRK04FtnGmkEFxDB1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960228323656479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of TFDM on the expression of an apoptosis-related protein in H9c2 damaged H/R cells. A: Western blot of Bax and Bcl-2; B: Bax, Bcl-2 protein expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the model group. Bax: BCL-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2 , figureFileSmall=wYtYroblpu3TFdOM+XbPtA==, figureFileBig=vxZudRK04FtnGmkEFxDB1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960228545954610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vmqglU0hKPCvc+ac0ZeRTQ==, figureFileBig=N+nJiDS2ocz20EQyB5/qEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960228650812223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145364710189, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effect of TFDM on the associated protein expression of the VEGF-B/AMPK pathway, in H/R damaged H9c2 cells. A: Western blot of VEGFR-1, VEGF-B, NRP-1 and PGC-1<i>α</i>; B: Western blot of AMPK, p-AMPK, MTOR and p-MTOR. 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香青兰总黄酮通过VEGF-B/AMPK通路缓解氧化应激抗H9c2细胞缺血再灌注损伤
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卡德尔业·卡德尔 1 , 邢建国 1 , 刘砥威 1 , 郑瑞芳 1, 2, * , 马祖文 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(9): 2685-2693
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (9) : 2685 -2693
香青兰总黄酮通过VEGF-B/AMPK通路缓解氧化应激抗H9c2细胞缺血再灌注损伤
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卡德尔业·卡德尔1, 邢建国1, 刘砥威1, 郑瑞芳1, 2, * , 马祖文3, *
作者信息
  • 1.新疆药物研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 2.中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院, 江苏 南京 211198
  • 3.新疆医科大学第五附属医院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
通讯作者:
*郑瑞芳, Tel: 13139911620, E-mail: ;
马祖文, E-mail:
Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. inhibit oxidative stress against H9c2 cell ischemia-reperfusion injury via VEGF-B/AMPK pathway
KADER Kaderyea1, Jian-guo XING1, Di-wei LIU1, Rui-fang ZHENG1, 2, * , Zu-wen MA3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi 830002, China
  • 2. School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
  • 3. The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
出版时间: 2023-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1449
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香青兰总黄酮(total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L., TFDM) 是从维吾尔医药传统药材香青兰中提取分离出来的有效部位, 香青兰具有补益心脑、活血化瘀等功效, 长期广泛用于治疗心脑血管疾病。本研究旨在确定香青兰总黄酮对H9c2 (大鼠心肌细胞) 细胞缺氧复氧(hypoxia/re-oxygenation, H/R) 损伤的影响及其作用机制。采用缺氧缺糖9 h合并复氧复糖2 h建立H9c2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤模型, 模拟心肌缺血再灌注心肌损伤, 考察香青兰总黄酮对细胞活力、心肌细胞损伤标志物、氧化应激水平、活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen radical, ROS) 含量的影响, 并应用Western blot法检测血管内皮生长因子B (vascular endothelial growth factor B, VEGF-B) 和磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶[adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, AMPK] 通路相关蛋白表达。结果显示, 香青兰总黄酮显著提高H/R损伤后心肌细胞活力, 减少细胞上清中乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶同工酶含量。显著降低丙二醛, 增高超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、降低细胞内ROS和一氧化氮含量。Western blot分析显示, 香青兰总黄酮降低H/R损伤H9c2细胞的BCL-2关联X蛋白水平, 上调B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因表达。香青兰总黄酮上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路相关蛋白VEGF-B、血管内皮生长因子受体1、神经纤毛蛋白1、过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ共激活因子1α、磷酸化AMPK、磷酸化的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白水平。上述研究结果表明, 香青兰总黄酮能够明显减轻心肌细胞H/R损伤, 其机制可能与上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路抑制氧化应激反应有关。

香青兰总黄酮  /  心肌缺血再灌注损伤  /  缺氧/复氧损伤  /  氧化应激  /  细胞凋亡  /  血管内皮生长因子B  /  磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶

Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) is an effective component extracted and isolated from the traditional Uighur medicinal herb Cymbidium fragrans. Cymbidium fragrans has the effects of tonifying the heart and brain, promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, and has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 (rat cardiomyocytes) cells and its mechanism. A model (H/R) of hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury in H9c2 cells was established using hypoxia and glucose deprivation for 9 h combined with re-oxygenation and rehydration for 2 h to simulate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The effects of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on cell viability, markers of myocardial cell damage, oxidative stress levels, and reactive oxygen radical (ROS) content were investigated, Western blot was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway related proteins. The results showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans significantly increased the viability of myocardial cells after H/R injury, and decreased the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) in the cell supernatant. It significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and decreased intracellular ROS and nitric oxide (NO) content. Western blot analysis showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans decreased Bax levels in H9c2 cells damaged by H/R and increased Bcl-2 expression. Total flavones of Cymbidium fragrans upregulate VEGF-B/AMPK pathway related proteins VEGF-B, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein (p-AMPK) and phospho mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-MTOR) levels. The above research results indicate that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium can significantly reduce the H/R injury of myocardial cells, which may be related to the upregulation of VEGF-B/AMPK pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress response.

total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L.  /  myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury  /  hypoxia/re-oxygenation  /  oxidative stress  /  apoptosis  /  vascular endothelial growth factor B  /  adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase
卡德尔业·卡德尔, 邢建国, 刘砥威, 郑瑞芳, 马祖文. 香青兰总黄酮通过VEGF-B/AMPK通路缓解氧化应激抗H9c2细胞缺血再灌注损伤. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (9) : 2685 -2693 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1449
KADER Kaderyea, Jian-guo XING, Di-wei LIU, Rui-fang ZHENG, Zu-wen MA. Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. inhibit oxidative stress against H9c2 cell ischemia-reperfusion injury via VEGF-B/AMPK pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (9) : 2685 -2693 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1449
缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease, IHD) 发病率高、死亡率高, 一直是威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一[1, 2]。动脉旁路移植、溶栓和经皮冠状动脉介入等治疗手段可恢复心肌血液供应, 但随后的心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, MIRI) 严重影响患者的康复和预后[3]。MIRI损伤的发病机制复杂, 与氧化应激、炎症反应、细胞内钙超载、线粒体损伤、内质网应激、内皮细胞损伤、心肌能量代谢障碍等有关[4-8]。目前, 缺乏有效的治疗MIRI的方法, 因此迫切需要深入探索其发病机制, 寻找新的治疗策略。
氧化应激反应是MIRI的重要病理机制, 抗氧化被认为是减轻心肌梗死期间MIRI的重要策略之一[9]。血管内皮生长因子B (vascular endothelial growth factor B, VEGF-B) 是一种有效的抗氧化剂, VEGF-B在体内主要分布在代谢旺盛的组织和细胞如骨骼肌、脑和心肌细胞等部位[10], 尤其在心脏中的表达最为丰富。VEGF-B是抗氧化途径的关键调节因子, 其上调通过及时清除自由基, 减少活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen radical, ROS) 的生成从而抑制氧化应激, 减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤, 保护心肌细胞[11]。腺苷激活蛋白激酶[adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, AMPK] 是对抗心脏各种病理过程的关键内源性防御分子调节器[12], VEGF-B通过显著增强细胞能量调控因子AMPK被磷酸化, 进而调节细胞能量和代谢稳态[13]。研究表明, 白藜芦醇通过调控VEGF-B/AMPK通路发挥抑制心肌梗死的作用[11]
香青兰为唇形科一年生草本植物香青兰Dracocephalum moldavica L.的干燥全草, 在维吾尔医药中有着悠久的应用历史, 因其确切的治疗心脑血管疾病效果, 被收载于《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·维药分册》1998年版。香青兰具有补益心脑、活血化瘀等功效, 主要用于心脑血管疾病的治疗, 其化学成分主要有黄酮类、挥发油、萜类、氨基酸、微量元素及多肽等[14]。香青兰总黄酮(total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L., TFDM) 是香青兰中提取分离出来的黄酮类有效部位, 具有心脏保护和神经保护作用, 广泛用于治疗心脑血管疾病[14, 15]。研究表明, TFDM能够通过抑制氧化应激、炎症反应、钙超载和细胞凋亡发挥抑制MIRI损伤作用[15]。课题组[16]前期研究, TFDM能够调控VEGF-B表达抑制内皮损伤, 从而发挥抑制多柔比星的心脏毒性作用。但有关TFDM对细胞缺氧复氧(hypoxia/re-oxygenation, H/R) 损伤H9c2细胞中VEGF-B/AMPK通路的调控作用还未见报道。因此, 本研究采用H/R损伤建立心肌细胞损伤模型, 探讨香青兰总黄酮抑制心肌缺血再灌注损伤是否与上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路抑制氧化应激损伤有关。
药品与试剂  香青兰总黄酮(质量分数: 60.60%~62.35%, 批号: 20180406) 由新疆药物研究所自制; 细胞增殖及细胞毒性检测(cell counting kit-8, CCK-8)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) 检测试剂盒、ROS荧光探针购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司; DMEM低糖培养基、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)、0.25%胰酶-EDTA购自HyClone公司; 彩色蛋白marker购自北京全式金生物技术有限公司; 乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase, LDH) 购自碧云天生物技术公司; 超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB, CK-MB)、一氧化碳(nitric oxide, NO) 检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所; BCL-2关联X蛋白(BCL-2-associated X protein, Bax) 抗体(CST27725)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) 抗体(CST34983)、AMPK抗体(CST2532)、p-AMPK抗体(Thr172, CST2535) 均购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司; VEGF-B抗体(ab185696)、VEGFR-1抗体(ab32152)、过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ共激活因子1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, PGC-1α) 抗体(ab54481)、神经纤毛蛋白1 (neuropilin 1, NRP-1) 抗体(ab175932) 均购自英国Abcam公司; GAPDH抗体(TA-08)、山羊抗小鼠IgG/辣根过氧化物酶标记(ZB-2305)、山羊抗兔IgG/辣根过氧化物酶标记(ZB-2301) 购自中国北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。
仪器  多功能微孔板检测仪(瑞士TECAN SPARK公司, SPARK); 多功能成像系统(法国VILBER公司, FUSION FX6); 电泳仪和电泳槽(美国Bio-Rad公司, 042BR199224); 台式高速冷冻离心机TGL-16k (湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司, TGL-16k); 光学显微镜(日本OLYMPUS, CX21)。
细胞株及细胞培养  大鼠心肌细胞H9c2 (CBP 60588) 来源于中国医学科学院基础医学研究所细胞资源中心。H9c2细胞培养于含有10% FBS的DMEM低糖培养基中, 当细胞生长至融合度达80%~90%时, 用0.25%胰酶-EDTA溶液消化细胞, 并将其置于5% CO2、37 ℃培养箱中进行传代培养。
H/R模型建立及分组  取对数生长期的H9c2细胞, 去除旧DMEM低糖培养基, PBS清洗2遍, 更换为无糖无血清培养基, 放入厌氧盒里后置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中进行9 h的缺氧缺糖处理, 随后, 弃旧培养基, 更换含10% FBS的DMEM低糖培养基, 放入37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中继续培养2 h, 即复氧复糖2 h。建立H9c2细胞H/R损伤模型, 模拟心肌缺血再灌注损伤。
H9c2细胞随机分为5组, 对照组(control组)、缺氧/复氧模型组(H/R组) 及TFDM各浓度组(25、50和100 µg·mL-1)。TFDM给药组细胞使用相应质量浓度的TFDM进行预给药处理12 h。除对照组外, 其余各组均建立H/R损伤模型。
细胞活力检测  将H9c2细胞用含10% FBS的DMEM低糖培养基按照1×104个/孔的细胞数接种于96孔板中, 按照上述分组进行H/R模型及给药处理, 再按照CCK-8试剂盒说明书测定细胞活力, 酶标仪450 nm检测吸光度(A) 值, 按照下面公式计算细胞活力百分比: 细胞活力% = (A实验-A空白)/(A对照-A空白) ×100%
心肌损伤标志物测定  将H9c2细胞用含10% FBS的DMEM低糖培养基按照1×104个/孔的细胞数接种于96孔板中, 按照上述分组进行H/R模型及给药处理, 收集各组细胞培养液, 按照试剂盒说明书测定LDH、CK-MB的活性。
SOD、MDA、GSH-Px及NO检测  将H9c2细胞用含10% FBS的DMEM低糖培养基按照1×104个/孔的细胞数接种于96孔板中, 按照上述分组进行H/R模型及给药处理, 按照检测试剂盒说明书收集细胞并用全自动酶标仪测定MDA、SOD、GSH-Px、NO的水平。
检测心肌细胞内ROS水平  将H9c2细胞用含10% FBS的DMEM低糖培养基按照1×104个/孔的细胞数接种于96孔板中, 按照上述分组进行H/R模型及给药处理。用含有2', 7'-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐(2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, DCFH-DA) 终浓度为10 μmol·L-1的无血清培养基替换旧培养基, 37 ℃培养箱中避光孵育30 min, 用PBS缓冲液洗3次, 以充分去除未进入细胞内的DCFH-DA。每孔加入PBS缓冲液100 μL后, 在荧光显微镜下观察荧光强度, 并使用酶标仪在激发波长488 nm和发射波长525 nm条件下检测荧光强度。
Western blot检测  取对数生长期细胞, 按每毫升1×105个的细胞数接种于6孔板中, 细胞长至70%~80%, 按照上述分组进行H/R模型及给药处理。各孔细胞中吸走旧培养基, 预冷的PBS洗涤2遍, 每孔加入适量的强效RIPA裂解液(含1% PMSF和1%蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂) 冰上裂解20 min。低温离心(12 000 r·min-1、10 min), BCA试剂盒测定蛋白样品的浓度, 分别加入蛋白上样缓冲液, 金属浴95 ℃煮5 min, -20 ℃保存。取适量蛋白经SDS-多聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后, 电转至PVDF膜上。5%脱脂奶粉封闭, 加入一抗VEGFR-1、VEGF-B、NRP-1、AMPK、p-AMPK、MTOR、p-MTOR、Bax、Bcl-2、GAPDH (稀释比例均为1∶1 000), 4 ℃冰箱孵育过夜, 次日洗膜, 室温用辣根过氧化物酶偶联的二抗孵育2 h, 洗膜, 使用灵敏型发光液试剂盒在化学发光成像系统采集图像, Image J软件分析条带灰度。
统计学分析  采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行数据处理和作图, 结果均以x ± s表示, 采用单因素方差ANOVA进行多组数据间比较分析, 认为P < 0.05差异具有统计学意义。
图 1所示, 与对照组比, 模型组缺氧缺糖9 h复氧复糖2 h后细胞活力为50%左右, 显著减低(P < 0.001), 提示造模成功。与模型组相比, 50和100 µg·mL-1 TFDM干预后均可提高H9c2细胞活力明显升高(P < 0.01), 表明香青兰总黄酮可改善H/R损伤的H9c2细胞活力, 并呈现一定的剂量依赖性。
LDH和CK-MB是常用的心肌细胞损伤标志物。如图 2AB所示, 与对照组比较, 模型组细胞LDH及CK-MB释放显著升高(P < 0.001、P < 0.000 1), 表明出现明显的心肌细胞损伤。与模型组相比, TFDM各浓度处理组LDH以及CK-MB活性明显下降(P < 0.01、P < 0.001), 提示TFDM有效减轻H/R处理H9c2细胞LDH、CK-MB的释放, 表明香青兰总黄酮可以减轻H/R造成的心肌细胞损伤。
NO、SOD、GSH-Px与MDA分别作为评价氧化应激在抗氧化能力和氧化能力方面的重要指标, 也是细胞氧化损伤的一个重要检测指标[17]。与对照组比较, 模型组细胞内MDA水平升高(图 3A, P < 0.01), SOD、GSH-Px、NO活性降低(图 3B~D, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.000 1)。而TFDM显著降低了H/R损伤的细胞内MDA水平(P < 0.05), 剂量依赖性地升高了SOD、GSH-Px、NO活性(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。以上结果说明, 香青兰总黄酮能够显著抑制氧化应激反应。
ROS介导的氧化应激在H/R损伤过程中起着关键作用。具体来说, 过量ROS可导致心肌细胞死亡[18-20]。为了进一步验证TFDM抗氧化应激能力, 采用DCFH-DA作为活性氧检测探针, 对H/R损伤的细胞内ROS含量进行了检测。在活性氧存在时DCFH被氧化为不能穿透细胞膜的强绿色荧光物质2', 7'-二氯荧光素(2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein, DCF), 荧光强度(mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) 与细胞内活性氧水平成正比。如图 4所示, 与对照组比, H/R损伤的模型组细胞DCF的荧光强度显著增加(P < 0.01), 这表明心肌细胞内ROS产生过量。与模型组比较, TFDM可剂量依赖性地降低DCF的荧光强度(P < 0.05)。
促凋亡蛋白Bax及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2是参与细胞凋亡调节的重要蛋白[21]。本研究发现, TFDM预处理降低了H/R损伤后心肌细胞Bax蛋白的表达, 增加了Bcl-2蛋白的表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, 图 5)。由此可见, TFDM可以调节细胞凋亡相关蛋白并抑制心肌细胞H/R损伤导致的细胞凋亡。
本研究检测了TFDM对VEGF-B/AMPK通路及通路中相关蛋白的影响。结果显示(图 6), 模型组PGC-1α、VEGF-B和其受体VEGFR-1、NRP-1的表达及AMPK、MTOR的磷酸化水平显著低于对照组(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。而TFDM干预后, 使VEGF-B、PGC-1α等蛋白的表达及AMPK、MTOR的磷酸化水平都显著性升高(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 综上所述, TFDM可能通过上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路发挥心脏保护作用。
本研究旨在阐明香青兰总黄酮对H9c2细胞凋亡的作用及其潜在机制。结果表明, 香青兰总黄酮预处理可减轻心肌氧化应激和缺氧复氧损伤。此外, 香青兰总黄酮有效抑制细胞凋亡并上调VEGF-B/AMPK途径的表达。这些观察结果表明, 香青兰总黄酮可能通过作用于VEGF-B/AMPK通路而抑制H9c2细胞凋亡和氧化应激损伤, 为心肌缺血再灌注损伤的治疗提供了新的见解。
目前, 心肌缺血的治疗主要是导管辅助再灌注和冠状动脉溶栓, 心肌得到及时再灌注, 然而再灌注会引起缺血再灌注损伤, 导致患者不良预后。氧化应激在心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发病机制中起着重要作用[22]。氧化应激是细胞中促氧化剂和抗氧化剂之间氧化还原失衡的结果[23]。过量的ROS和内源性抗氧化系统的损伤可能导致炎症细胞因子的释放和MDA等活性醛的增强[24]。外源性施用抗氧化剂或上调内源性抗氧化剂是预防再灌注诱导的心脏损伤的重要途径[25]。因此, 具有抗氧化特性的药物可能是一种有效的心脏保护策略。
香青兰是唇形科青兰属植物, 维吾尔医和蒙古医广泛用其治疗心脑血管疾病[26]。其单位药材制剂益心巴迪然吉布亚颗粒和其复方制剂爱维心口服液在临床和基础研究中均被证实具有明确的心脏保护作用[27]。文献[28]报道, 黄酮类和酚酸类化合物是香青兰抗心肌缺血活性部位中的活性成分。香青兰总黄酮有效部位是课题组用40%乙醇提取香青兰药材得到香青兰提取液, 经HPD600型大孔吸附树脂分离纯化, 得到的香青兰总黄酮有效部位。通过测定解析液, 其中木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、迷迭香酸、香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、田蓟苷、刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷总含量达53%以上。建立高效液相色谱法对香青兰抗心肌缺血活性部位进行化学成分指认, 共指认了29个化合物, 大部分是黄酮类化合物[29]。课题组[15, 30]前期证实, 香青兰总黄酮具有多种药理活性, 抑制钙超载、炎症反应、程序性坏死等作用, 香青兰总黄酮有效部位还能够抑制SD大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤, 抑制心肌细胞和内皮细胞凋亡和程序性坏死, 其治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤作用明显。本次研究结果显示, 香青兰总黄酮低、中、高剂量可以抑制H/R损伤H9c2细胞活力。前期验证, 不同浓度香青兰总黄酮预给药心肌细胞24和48 h, 对细胞无明显损伤, 说明所选浓度无毒。香青兰总黄酮溶解度差, 药物溶解时使用1‰二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) 全培养基溶解, 实验前已验证1‰ DMSO对H9c2没有毒性, 因此不会对实验造成影响。在香青兰总黄酮增强心肌细胞活性实验中, 25、50和100 µg·mL-1香青兰总黄酮促进了H9c2细胞的增殖, 抑制LDH和CK-MB的释放, 这表明香青兰总黄酮能抑制H/R损伤的H9c2细胞毒性。此外, 香青兰总黄酮通过抑制内在凋亡信号通路抑制细胞凋亡, 包括抑制促凋亡因子Bax和上调抗凋亡因子Bcl-2表达。香青兰总黄酮还可以抑制心肌细胞氧化应激损伤, 减少ROS释放, 并呈浓度依赖性地升高了H/R损伤的细胞内SOD、GSH-Px、NO活性, 减少MDA产生, 抑制氧化应激损伤。
VEGF-B是在1996年作为VEGF同源物被发现, 长期以来一直被认为是VEGF家族中比较模糊的成员之一。VEGF-B主要存在于心肌、冠状动脉平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞和胰腺及肺、脂肪中表达。VEGF-B有2种亚型即VEGF-B167和VEGF-B186, 在大多数组织中, VEGF-B167是占VEGF-B转录总量80%以上的主要亚型[10]。VEGF-B与VEGFR-1和NRP-1结合, 发挥心肌保护作用。研究表明, VEGF-B在心肌中的过度表达可直接促进心室的新生血管形成, 维持与心内膜下心肌中冠状血管的连接, 加速心内膜下内皮细胞的增殖, 并挽救心肌梗死(myocardial infarction, MI) 后心肌组织的结构和功能损伤[31]。VEGF-B通过VEGFR-1磷酸化AMPK蛋白增加了脂质氧化的关键基因的表达。AMPK也激活PGC-1α, 通过与PPARγ或雌激素相关受体相互作用激活线粒体生物合成的基因。AMPK通过磷酸化eEF2K直接调控蛋白的合成。eEF2K主要负责抑制蛋白的延伸, 是MTOR通路的下游靶分子。过表达AMPKγ3亚基可促进PGC-1α的表达。AMPK可使PGC-1α的Thr177和Ser538两个位点发生磷酸化。也有研究[32]发现, AMPK可通过调控p38MAPK、HDAC5等来间接调控PGC-1α的表达。综上所述, AMPK作为能量感受器, 可作为多种药物的作用靶点, 可能对肿瘤、肥胖等代谢性疾病具有潜在的治疗作用。因此, AMPK参与的VEGF-B可用于增加缺血性心脏病患者的冠状血管系统, 并重新编程心肌代谢以改善心脏功能[33]。VEGF-B可以通过与VEGFR-1结合来提升许多关键的抗氧化基因, 包括下游效应器之一GSH-Px, 以发挥抗氧化作用[34]。白藜芦醇是多酚植物中的天然抗毒素。白藜芦醇预处理显著降低了异丙肾上腺素处理大鼠体内超氧化物和MDA的产生, 并增加SOD活性以发挥抗氧化作用。因此, 白藜芦醇可通过VEGF-B/AMPK/eNOS/NO信号通路保护MI后的心肌[11]。有文献[35]报道, 白藜芦醇和香青兰总黄酮均可抑制炎症的发生。白藜芦醇是单体, 香青兰总黄酮是复合物, 相对于白藜芦醇, 香青兰总黄酮有多成分、多靶点的特点, 且对炎症的抑制作用更有效。
课题组前期研究发现, 香青兰总黄酮能够通过激活VEGF-B表达保护内皮细胞, 抑制多柔比星的心脏毒性[17], 此研究中通过Western blot法检测VEGF-B/AMPK相关通路蛋白表达, 缺氧复氧损伤H9c2细胞后, VEGF-B蛋白表达明显被抑制, 下游受体VEGFR-1、NRP-1表达也受到抑制, PGC-1α、p-AMPKα/AMPKα和p-MTOR/MTOR蛋白表达降低, VEGF-B/AMPK通路在缺氧复氧损伤H9c2细胞中发挥重要作用。给予TFDM后, 结果提示TFDM可能通过激活VEGF-B/AMPK通路, 发挥抑制H9c2细胞缺氧复氧损伤的作用。
综上所述, TFDM显著抑制H/R引起的H9c2细胞氧化应激损伤且上调抗氧化系统, 降低ROS的生成, 从而抑制心肌H/R过程中心肌细胞的凋亡。其机制可能与上调VEGF-B/AMPK通路有关, 但其详细机制还需进一步实验验证, 后续实验将主要通过小分子RNA干扰抑制VEGF-B和AMPK表达, 对TFDM如何调控H/R引起的心肌细胞损伤进行蛋白和基因水平上深层次的研究。
作者贡献: 卡德尔业·卡德尔进行了实验、数据分析和统计, 并撰写了论文; 邢建国、刘砥威监督和协助实验进行及实验数据分析和统计; 郑瑞芳和马祖文指导和监督了整个实验过程并协助了论文的撰写。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2020D01C228)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01D50)
  • 中央政府引导地方科技发展专项(ZYYD2022A02)
  • 自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(ky2021094)
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2023年第58卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1449
  • 接收时间:2023-01-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-01
  • 修回日期:2023-03-21
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2020D01C228)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01D50)
中央政府引导地方科技发展专项(ZYYD2022A02)
自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(ky2021094)
作者信息
    1.新疆药物研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    2.中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院, 江苏 南京 211198
    3.新疆医科大学第五附属医院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011

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*郑瑞芳, Tel: 13139911620, E-mail: ;
马祖文, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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