Article(id=1198656145276629804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1313, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669824000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-01, revisedDate=1679760000000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763711494988, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1694448000000, pubDateStr=2023-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763711494988, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763711494988, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763711494988, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198656143976399200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='9', pageStart='2541', pageEnd='2834', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1694448000000', pubDateStr='2023-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763711494677, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763711620095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198656670072144034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198656670072144035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198656143976399200, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2677, endPage=2684, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198656145507316527, articleId=1198656145276629804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Inhibitory effect of chikusetsusaponin IVa on proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CsIVa) is a natural active monomer of triterpene saponins in the Chinese herbal medicine of Panax japonicus, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other effects. However, its function and mechanism in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanisms of CsIVa on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In this study, we found that CsIVa could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and eliminate its potential toxic effect on normal breast cells (MCF-10A). The transcriptome sequencing results showed that the inhibition of proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by CsIVa was closely related to cell cycle and the pathway regulating cell cycle. Further studies confirmed that CsIVa blocked the cell cycle in G2/M phase by down-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin B1 and up-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). Moreover, CsIVa can block cell cycle through inhibiting PI3K/AKT signal pathway. In conclusion, CsIVa regulates the expression of cell cycle related proteins (p21, CDK1, cyclin B1) via inhibiting the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, blocks TNBC cell cycle, and thus exerts its anti-tumor activity.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chen LIANG, Ying ZHOU, Chang-chang FAN, Ding XU, Qi WU, Ruo-lan HUANG, Yao XU, Ying LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yao XU, Ying LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198656146929185607, articleId=1198656145276629804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=竹节参皂苷IVa抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖的研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

竹节参皂苷IVa (chikusetsusaponin IVa, CsIVa) 是中药材竹节参中三萜皂苷类的天然活性单体成分, 具有抗炎症和抗肿瘤等作用, 但是其在三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer, TNBC) 中的功能和机制尚不明确。本研究探讨了CsIVa对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的抑制作用及分子机制。通过CCK8法、Edu掺入法、平板克隆法及增殖标记物检测发现CsIVa具有抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的功能并且对正常乳腺细胞(MCF-10A) 无毒性作用。转录组测序分析结果显示, CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的功能与细胞周期及调控细胞周期的通路密切相关。进一步研究发现, CsIVa通过下调周期蛋白依赖性激酶1 (cyclin dependent kinase 1, CDK1)、细胞周期蛋白B1 (cyclin B1) 及上调细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制因子1A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, p21) 的表达将细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。并且CsIVa对细胞周期的阻滞作用是通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B (AKT) 信号通路的活性来实现的。综上所述, CsIVa通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的活性调控细胞周期相关蛋白(p21、CDK1、cyclin B1) 的表达, 阻滞TNBC细胞周期, 从而发挥抗肿瘤的活性。

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*徐尧, Tel: 86-10-88001500, E-mail: ;
罗颖, Tel: 13343580355, E-mail:
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Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Enshi 445000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218538340943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, companyId=1198960218500592202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室, 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 湖北 恩施 445000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960223143687143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JNdUi+NuHDXvOvuurW6G/A==, figureFileBig=dJnyUxzhqNwrjhbDMZ8ZTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223256933367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Potential effects of chikusetsusaponin IVa (CsIVa) on the viability of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells (A-C) and normal breast cells (MCF-10A) (D-F). <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> DMSO group , figureFileSmall=JNdUi+NuHDXvOvuurW6G/A==, figureFileBig=dJnyUxzhqNwrjhbDMZ8ZTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223395344389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MhQUAHlTpBuqLHYqtNnLww==, figureFileBig=Sp+AfsNLona5Vm3BwWMTOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223512784911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Suppressive effects of CsIVa on proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells. A, B: Representative images of EdU staining of MDA-MB-231 cells and EdU-positive cell proportion. Scale bars represent 100 μm; C, D: Representative images of the cell colony formation assay and the quantification of colony number; E: mRNA expression of the proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (KI67); F, G: PCNA and KI67 protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis and quantified using Image J. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> DMSO group , figureFileSmall=MhQUAHlTpBuqLHYqtNnLww==, figureFileBig=Sp+AfsNLona5Vm3BwWMTOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223605059612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Br/xMNcPAarDZLtKCVp7EQ==, figureFileBig=507kl4um/C0FX/yc0QOMrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223718305832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= CsIVa suppresses proliferation through cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells, confirmed by transcriptome sequencing. A, B: GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes with top twenty enrichment scores , figureFileSmall=Br/xMNcPAarDZLtKCVp7EQ==, figureFileBig=507kl4um/C0FX/yc0QOMrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960223881883700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Q+xwDJv24USnR6YzHidWiw==, figureFileBig=x1u6SVtkNqdG/WzJx9hhbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224032878661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= CsIVa induces G2/M phase arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells. A: The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry analysis; B: Quantification of cell cycle distribution; C: mRNA expression of the G2/M cell cycle regulatory genes cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21), cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B1; D, E: Cell cycle G2/M regulatory genes (p21, CDK1 and cyclin B1) were assessed by Western blot and quantified by Image J. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> DMSO group , figureFileSmall=Q+xwDJv24USnR6YzHidWiw==, figureFileBig=x1u6SVtkNqdG/WzJx9hhbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224171290711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IJqwEPoL/aJ9BZ0aG8EmsQ==, figureFileBig=mFmRTcpgFgqicX8Sv2+lgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224381005929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= CsIVa induces cell cycle arrest through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. A: Bubble plot of the KEGG pathway enrichment of the differentially expressed genes; B, C: Western blot was performed to assess the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by detecting PI3K, AKT and p-AKT in MDA-MB-231 cells and quantified by Image J; D, E: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> SC79 (AKT activator) 2 h after 150 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> CsIVa treatment. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the downstream cell cycle-related proteins, including p21, CDK1 and cyclin B1 were examined by Western blot. The blots were quantified by Image J and the histograms are shown. <i>n</i> = 3, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> DMSO group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CsIVa group , figureFileSmall=IJqwEPoL/aJ9BZ0aG8EmsQ==, figureFileBig=mFmRTcpgFgqicX8Sv2+lgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224565555323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aSF77fy6Cz4Wf8EBnU5fBA==, figureFileBig=DhqrzuUnL1Yk6WBlCv36Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960224745910414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Schematic of CsIVa regulating the expression of cell cycle related proteins (p21, CDK1, cyclin B1) <i>via</i> inhibiting the 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竹节参皂苷IVa抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖的研究
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梁宸 1 , 周颖 2 , 凡畅畅 1 , 徐鼎 2 , 吴琪 2 , 黄若兰 2 , 徐尧 1, * , 罗颖 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(9): 2677-2684
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (9) : 2677 -2684
竹节参皂苷IVa抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖的研究
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Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Enshi 445000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218538340943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, companyId=1198960218500592202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室, 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 湖北 恩施 445000)])]), Author(id=1198960220887151380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xuyaowh@wust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960221017174820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, authorId=1198960220887151380, language=EN, stringName=Yao XU, firstName=Yao, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. 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Wuhan University of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan 430065, China
2. Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Enshi 445000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960221495325524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, authorId=1198960221281415998, language=CN, stringName=罗颖, firstName=颖, middleName=null, lastName=罗, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.武汉科技大学生命科学与健康学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
2.湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室, 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 湖北 恩施 445000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960218345402943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218349597248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, companyId=1198960218345402943, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Wuhan University of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan 430065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218362180161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, companyId=1198960218345402943, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉科技大学生命科学与健康学院, 湖北 武汉 430065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960218500592202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218529952333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, companyId=1198960218500592202, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Enshi 445000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960218538340943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198656145276629804, companyId=1198960218500592202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室, 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 湖北 恩施 445000)])])]
梁宸1, 周颖2, 凡畅畅1, 徐鼎2, 吴琪2, 黄若兰2, 徐尧1, * , 罗颖1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学生命科学与健康学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室, 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 湖北 恩施 445000
通讯作者:
*徐尧, Tel: 86-10-88001500, E-mail: ;
罗颖, Tel: 13343580355, E-mail:
Inhibitory effect of chikusetsusaponin IVa on proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells
Chen LIANG1, Ying ZHOU2, Chang-chang FAN1, Ding XU2, Qi WU2, Ruo-lan HUANG2, Yao XU1, * , Ying LUO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Wuhan University of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2. Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Enshi 445000, China
出版时间: 2023-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1313
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竹节参皂苷IVa (chikusetsusaponin IVa, CsIVa) 是中药材竹节参中三萜皂苷类的天然活性单体成分, 具有抗炎症和抗肿瘤等作用, 但是其在三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer, TNBC) 中的功能和机制尚不明确。本研究探讨了CsIVa对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的抑制作用及分子机制。通过CCK8法、Edu掺入法、平板克隆法及增殖标记物检测发现CsIVa具有抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的功能并且对正常乳腺细胞(MCF-10A) 无毒性作用。转录组测序分析结果显示, CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的功能与细胞周期及调控细胞周期的通路密切相关。进一步研究发现, CsIVa通过下调周期蛋白依赖性激酶1 (cyclin dependent kinase 1, CDK1)、细胞周期蛋白B1 (cyclin B1) 及上调细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制因子1A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, p21) 的表达将细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。并且CsIVa对细胞周期的阻滞作用是通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B (AKT) 信号通路的活性来实现的。综上所述, CsIVa通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的活性调控细胞周期相关蛋白(p21、CDK1、cyclin B1) 的表达, 阻滞TNBC细胞周期, 从而发挥抗肿瘤的活性。

竹节参皂苷IVa  /  三阴性乳腺癌  /  细胞增殖  /  细胞周期  /  PI3K/AKT信号通路

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CsIVa) is a natural active monomer of triterpene saponins in the Chinese herbal medicine of Panax japonicus, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other effects. However, its function and mechanism in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanisms of CsIVa on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In this study, we found that CsIVa could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and eliminate its potential toxic effect on normal breast cells (MCF-10A). The transcriptome sequencing results showed that the inhibition of proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by CsIVa was closely related to cell cycle and the pathway regulating cell cycle. Further studies confirmed that CsIVa blocked the cell cycle in G2/M phase by down-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin B1 and up-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). Moreover, CsIVa can block cell cycle through inhibiting PI3K/AKT signal pathway. In conclusion, CsIVa regulates the expression of cell cycle related proteins (p21, CDK1, cyclin B1) via inhibiting the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, blocks TNBC cell cycle, and thus exerts its anti-tumor activity.

chikusetsusaponin IVa  /  triple negative breast cancer  /  cell proliferation  /  cell cycle  /  PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
梁宸, 周颖, 凡畅畅, 徐鼎, 吴琪, 黄若兰, 徐尧, 罗颖. 竹节参皂苷IVa抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖的研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (9) : 2677 -2684 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1313
Chen LIANG, Ying ZHOU, Chang-chang FAN, Ding XU, Qi WU, Ruo-lan HUANG, Yao XU, Ying LUO. Inhibitory effect of chikusetsusaponin IVa on proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (9) : 2677 -2684 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1313
乳腺癌(breast cancer) 是威胁全世界女性生命健康安全的重要因素[1]。临床上, 主要以手术结合放化疗作为各类乳腺癌的治疗方案[2]。但是, 三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer, TNBC) 相较于其他乳腺癌亚型, 侵袭和转移能力更强, 特别是其多药耐药能力较强, 导致其预后较差、易复发, 是最为复杂难治的乳腺癌亚型[3]。因此, 探寻高效低毒的新药对临床上治疗TNBC至关重要。
近年来, 中药材以自身特有的优势在抗肿瘤药物的研发、应用中发挥着重要作用[4, 5]。竹节参(Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer) 为我国珍贵中药材之一, 具有极高的药用价值[6], 先前的研究证实, 竹节参在抗炎症、抗肿瘤、保护心血管及神经中枢等方面具有重要的调控功能[7]。受限于早期分离技术不成熟, 药物有效成分和功能不明确, 导致中药材的应用范围较窄。近些年, 随着中药现代化的推进和药物分离技术的进步, 中药材中的活性单体成分及其作用被逐步揭示, 其在医药领域的应用潜力受到了广泛关注, 且已被证实具有高效低毒、特异性强的特点[8-11]。目前, 从竹节参中提取分离出的主要生物活性成分是竹节参皂苷, 其中最具代表性的活性单体成分是竹节参皂苷IVa (chikusetsusaponin IVa, CsIVa)[12, 13]。本研究拟以三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞为研究对象, 通过细胞生物学和分子生物学手段对中药单体竹节参皂苷IVa在乳腺癌中的功能和分子机制进行探索, 为临床治疗TNBC提供新的思路。
药品及试剂  竹节参皂苷IVa (上海同田生物); 人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231 (中国科学院细胞库); 人正常乳腺上皮细胞系MCF-10A、MCF-10A细胞专用培养基(CM-0525) (武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司); 青霉素和链霉素、胰蛋白酶、Cell Counting Kit-8 (C0037)、细胞周期与细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(C1052)、BeyoClickTM EdU-488细胞增殖检测试剂盒(C0071S)、蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot) 及IP细胞裂解液(P0013)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(增强型, P0010) (碧云天生物技术有限公司); 胎牛血清(Newzerum公司); L-15 Leibovitz培养基(SH30525.01, Hyclone公司); HiScript Ⅱ Q Select RT SuperMix for Qpcr (R232-01)、ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix (Q321-02) (南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司); 飞科特超敏ECL发光液(MA0186-1, 大连美仑生物技术有限公司); 增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) 抗体、蛋白激酶B (AKT) 抗体、第473位丝氨酸磷酸化的AKT (p-AKT) 抗体、PI3K抗体、山羊抗兔HRP标记抗体、山羊抗鼠HRP标记抗体(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司); 增殖标志物KI67 (marker of proliferation Ki-67) 抗体(Abcam公司); 周期蛋白依赖性激酶1 (cyclin dependent kinase 1, CDK1) 抗体、细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制因子1A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, p21)抗体、细胞周期蛋白B1 (cyclin B1) 抗体、GAPDH抗体(武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司)。
CCK-8细胞毒性及细胞增殖检测  将处于对数生长期的MDA-MB-231和MCF-10A细胞以1×104个/孔的密度接种于96孔板中(每组设置6个复孔) 并置于培养箱中培养24 h, 按照100、120、140、160、180、200、220 μmol·L-1的药物浓度在MDA-MB-231细胞中加入CsIVa, 按照50、100、150、200、250、300、350 μmol·L-1的药物浓度在MCF-10A细胞中加入CsIVa, 分别于CsIVa处理0、24、48、72 h后加入CCK-8, 用酶标仪在450 nm波长处测得吸光值, 并进行统计分析。
Edu-488细胞增殖检测  将处于对数生长期的MDA-MB-231细胞以1×105个/孔的密度接种于24孔板中培养24 h后, 加入150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa处理24 h, 对照组加入等体积DMSO处理。依据细胞增殖检测试剂盒(碧云天生物技术有限公司) 说明书配制EdU工作液, 加入24孔板中置于37 ℃恒温箱中孵育2 h, 4%多聚甲醛室温固定20 min, 0.3% Triton X-100室温通透10 min, Click反应液室温避光孵育30 min, Hoechst 333342室温孵育10 min, 随后通过激光共聚焦显微镜采集图像并统计分析。
克隆形成实验  将150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa处理(DMSO处理对照组) 24 h后的MDA-MB-231细胞用胰酶消化吹散至单细胞状态, 以1×103个/孔的密度接种于6孔板中, 期间每隔3天更换一次完全培养基。待肉眼可见细胞克隆且大小合适时, 用4%多聚甲醛室温固定30 min, 0.2%结晶紫室温染色20 min, 1× PBS溶液洗净晾干后采集图像并统计分析。
流式细胞术细胞周期检测  将150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa或DMSO处理24 h后的MDA-MB-231细胞用不含EDTA的胰酶消化收集, 预冷的70%乙醇4 ℃固定过夜, 碘化丙啶染色液37 ℃避光孵育30 min后, 通过流式细胞仪采集数据并分析。
实时荧光定量PCR (realtime PCR)  Trizol法提取150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa或DMSO处理24 h后的MDA-MB-231细胞总RNA, 测定含量并鉴定RNA结构完整后, 用逆转录试剂盒(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 合成cDNA。以合成的cDNA为模板, 依据ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix试剂盒说明书进行实时荧光定量PCR检测(GAPDH为内参基因)。Realtime PCR引物序列如下: PCNA, F: 5′-GAAGCACCAAACCAGGAG-3′, R: 5′-CCAGAAGGCATCTTTAC-TACAC-3′; KI67, F: 5′-AGAAGAAGTGGTGCTTCGGAA-3′, R: 5′-AGTTT GCGTGGCCTGTACTAA-3′; p21, F: 5′-GCCCGTGAG CGATGGAACT-3′, R: 5′-GC-AGCAGAGCAGGTGAG GTG-3′; CDK1, F: 5′-GAGAAAATTGGAGAAGGT-3′, R: 5′-ATGGAAAGAAACTCAAAGAT-3′; Cyclin B1, F: 5′-GCACTTTCCTCCTT-CTCA-3′, R: 5′-CGATGTGGC ATACTTGTT-3′。
Western blot  消化收集用150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa或DMSO处理24 h后的MDA-MB-231细胞, 加入Western blot及IP细胞裂解液, 冰上裂解30 min, 离心取上清并定量, 加入上样缓冲液置于沸水浴中处理10 min变性。通过10%或12.5%的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白并转印至PVDF膜上, 用5%脱脂牛奶在37 ℃恒温箱中封闭1 h。依据说明书稀释一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜。次日用TBST溶液洗膜3次后, 室温孵育HRP标记的二抗1 h, TBST溶液洗膜3次, 随后通过ECL发光液进行化学发光成像并采集图像(以GAPDH为内参蛋白)。
转录组测序  消化收集用150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa或DMSO处理24 h后的MDA-MB-231细胞, 交由苏州帕诺米克生物医药科技有限公司完成。
统计学分析  文中所有Western blot条带灰度值均使用Image J软件获取, 所有实验均经过3次及以上重复验证, 获得的数据通过Excle或GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计与分析。分析方法为单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA), P < 0.05视为具有统计学意义。数据以平均值±标准差(x ± s) 表示。
为探究CsIVa对MDA-MB-231细胞活力的影响, 利用CCK-8法检测不同浓度CsIVa处理后, MDA-MB-231细胞的活力的变化。如图 1A~C所示, CsIVa对MDA-MB-231细胞的生长具有显著抑制作用并且呈浓度和时间的依赖性。药物作用MDA-MB-231细胞24、48、72 h的半数抑制浓度(IC50) 分别是150、140、135 μmol·L-1。为排除CsIVa的潜在毒性作用, 通过CCK-8法检测不同浓度对正常乳腺细胞(MCF-10A) 活力的影响。如图 1D~F所示, 200 μmol·L-1及以下浓度的CsIVa对细胞没有明显生长抑制作用。基于CsIVa对MDA-MB-231和MCF-10A细胞活性的影响, 后续实验CsIVa的作用浓度和时间确定为用150 μmol·L-1的药物浓度作用24 h。
为进一步确认CsIVa对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的影响, 用150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa处理24 h后, 通过EdU掺入法和平板克隆法检测MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的变化。结果表明, 与对照组相比, CsIVa处理后的MDA-MB-231细胞中EdU阳性细胞数显著降低, 并且细胞克隆形成数与对照组相比也明显减少, 说明CsIVa能够显著抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖(图 2A~D)。PCNA和KI67是评价细胞增殖状态的重要指标, 在肿瘤细胞中, 两者均呈现过表达状态, realtime PCR和Western blot实验结果表明, 与对照组相比, CsIVa干预后PCNA和KI67的表达显著下降(图 2E~G)。综上所述, CsIVa能够显著抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖。
为进一步探究CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的原因, 收集用150 μmol·L-1 CsIVa处理24 h后的MDA-MB-231细胞及其对照(等体积DMSO处理) 并进行转录组测序分析。以表达差异倍数|log2(fold change)| > 1, 显著性P < 0.05为筛选条件, 筛选出了1 638个差异表达的基因, 其中有649个基因在CsIVa处理后表达上调, 989个基因则呈现表达下调。对这些差异表达的基因进行GO富集分析及KEGG信号通路富集分析发现, 细胞周期异常是CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的潜在原因(图 3AB)。
转录组测序结果表明, 细胞周期异常是CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的原因。本研究进一步通过流式细胞术加以证实, 如图 4AB所示, 与对照组相比, CsIVa显著增加了G2/M期细胞所占的百分比, 由2.51% ± 1.84%上升至10.76% ± 2.36%, 并且S期细胞所占的百分比由27.62% ± 4.58%下降至16.95% ± 3.67%。表明CsIVa的确是通过干预细胞周期, 将其阻滞于G2/M期, 抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖。基于转录测序结果及文献调研, 利用realtime PCR和Western blot检测细胞周期中G2/M期相关调控分子的表达, 如cyclin B1、CDK1、p21等, 结果表明, 无论在mRNA水平还是蛋白水平, CsIVa均能显著抑制cyclin B1和CDK1的表达, 同时上调p21的表达(图 4C~E)。上述实验结果说明, CsIVa通过调控细胞周期中G2/M期相关调控分子的表达介导乳腺癌细胞G2/M周期阻滞。
上述结果已经证实, CsIVa能够显著促进p21的表达, 而p21是PI3K/AKT信号通路的重要下游靶点之一[14, 15]。已有研究表明, PI3K/AKT信号通路是乳腺细胞内调控细胞增殖及细胞周期的关键信号通路[16, 17], 并且KEGG信号通路富集分析结果也表明CsIVa介导的MDA-MB-231细胞周期阻滞与PI3K/AKT调控通路相关(图 5A), 因此进一步探究PI3K/AKT信号通路是否参与CsIVa对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和细胞周期的调控, 通过Western blot检测CsIVa干预后细胞内PI3K、AKT及p-AKT水平的变化。如图 5BC所示, 与对照组相比, CsIVa处理组中PI3K的表达及AKT的磷酸化水平明显降低。为进一步明确PI3K/AKT信号通路在CsIVa介导的MDA-MB-231细胞周期紊乱中的作用, 在CsIVa处理后用10 μmol·L-1 SC79 (AKT磷酸化激动剂) 作用2 h恢复MDA-MB-231细胞中AKT的激活。如图 5DE所示, CsIVa联合SC79处理后的细胞内p-AKT、CDK1、cyclin B1的表达显著高于CsIVa单独处理的细胞, 而p21的表达呈现相反的结果。此外, 与DMSO处理的对照组细胞相比, 这两组细胞内p-AKT、CDK1、cyclin B1的表达均显著降低, 而p21的表达显著升高。上述结果说明, CsIVa对于MDA-MB-231细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响, 是通过PI3K/AKT信号通路实现的。
已有研究证实CsIVa具有多种药理学活性, 但对其抗肿瘤活性的研究较少且大都处于基础药理学研究, 尚未阐明其具体作用机制, 制约了其应用于临床抗肿瘤的潜力。而CsIVa在乳腺癌中的功能及其作用机制尚不清楚。本研究发现CsIVa能够显著抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖且排除了CsIVa的潜在毒性作用。进一步的转录组测序分析结果揭示了细胞周期紊乱是CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的潜在原因。继续深入探究发现CsIVa能够诱导MDA-MB-231细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期, 而这一作用是通过介导PI3K/AKT信号通路的活性来实现的, 该通路通过靶向G2/M期抑制系统, 包括CDK1、p21和cyclin B1, 来促进细胞周期的进程(图 6)。这些结果能够为临床治疗TNBC提供新的思路。
细胞周期进程的失控是癌症发生的基本机制之一, 几乎在所有类型的癌症细胞中均发现细胞周期调控蛋白的异常表达[18], 目前在临床实践或临床试验中已经开发了靶向细胞周期的多种治疗方法[19, 20], 但是对于具有异质性的乳腺癌, 特别是三阴性乳腺癌亚型来说, 临床上尚缺乏具有针对性的有效药物。近年来, 研究发现中药有效成分在阻滞乳腺癌细胞周期方面的效果明显且具有高效低毒的特点, 可以通过调控不同的靶点直接或间接影响细胞周期的进程, 抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖[21-23]。中药有效成分已经成为临床上治疗乳腺癌的新方法。CsIVa是从中药材竹节参中分离提取出的天然活性单体成分之一, 在前期发现CsIVa能够显著抑制三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的基础上, 通过转录组测序和流式细胞术证实CsIVa能够将MDA-MB-231的细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。CDK1、cyclin B1和p21是G2/M期抑制系统中的关键调控因子, cyclin B1通过与CDK1结合活化CDK1, 激活的CDK1发挥促进细胞由G2期向M期转换的功能, p21是细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制因子, 通过阻止cyclin B1与CDK1的结合, 抑制CDK1的活化, 进而阻断细胞G2/M期的进程。Realtime PCR和Western blot的结果证实, CsIVa干预之后, p21的表达明显上调, 而CDK1和cyclin B1的表达明显下降, 说明CsIVa通过调控G2/M期的抑制系统, 将细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期, 发挥抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的功能。
研究发现, PI3K/AKT信号通路的过度激活与乳腺癌细胞的异常增殖及细胞周期的失控密切相关[24-26]。本研究初步探索了PI3K/AKT信号通路在CsIVa抑制MDA-MB-231细胞周期和增殖中的作用。Western blot结果证实, CsIVa处理后的细胞中PI3K及p-AKT的表达显著下调, 表明CsIVa能够抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的活性。利用AKT磷酸化激动剂SC79恢复CsIVa处理后的细胞内的AKT磷酸化, 发现SC79的干预使得CsIVa处理后的细胞内p-AKT、CDK1、cyclin B1的表达显著上调, 而p21的表达显著下降, 进一步证实了CsIVa的确是通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的活性介导MDA-MB-231细胞周期的抑制。值得注意的是, CsIVa能够抑制PI3K蛋白的表达, 但在转录组测序分析中并未发现PI3K mRNA水平的差异性表达, 后续的realtime PCR结果也证实了这一点(数据未提供), 提示CsIVa对于PI3K的调控机制可能涉及翻译后修饰调控层面。研究发现, PI3K蛋白的泛素化修饰是调控其蛋白稳定性的重要机制之一, 而E3泛素连接酶表达的异常是其中的关键调节因素[27-29]。在转录组测序分析结果中, 本课题组发现CsIVa处理后的MDA-MB-231细胞中有多种E3泛素连接酶的表达异常升高, 如FBXO32、KLHL38、KLHL24等。说明CsIVa可能是通过调节E3泛素连接酶的表达介导PI3K蛋白的泛素化修饰和蛋白酶体的降解, 进而在翻译后层面抑制PI3K的表达。那么CsIVa如何调节E3泛素连接酶的表达, E3泛素连接酶如何实现对PI3K蛋白的调控等, 都有待于后续进一步探究。这些问题的揭示将有助于更加清晰地阐明CsIVa抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖的直接机制, 为其临床应用奠定理论基础。
综上所述, CsIVa能够显著抑制三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖并对正常的乳腺细胞MCF-10A无毒性作用, 其发挥功能的分子作用机制可能是通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的活性调控细胞周期相关蛋白(p21、CDK1、cyclin B1) 的表达, 进而诱导MDA-MB-231的细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期来实现的, 这些研究结果表明中药单体CsIVa在TNBC中具有抗肿瘤活性, 为临床上筛选高效低毒的治疗TNBC药物提供理论依据。
作者贡献: 罗颖、梁宸、周颖、凡畅畅进行实验操作、数据采集和分析; 徐鼎、吴琪、黄若兰进行转录组测序结果分析; 罗颖、徐尧进行实验设计、论文撰写与修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者之间无利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(32000545)
  • 恩施州科技局计划项目(XYJ2022000061)
  • 湖北省教育厅计划项目(B2021021)
  • 湖北民族大学高水平科研成果校内培育项目(PY22003)
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2023年第58卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1313
  • 接收时间:2022-12-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-01
  • 修回日期:2023-03-26
基金
国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(32000545)
恩施州科技局计划项目(XYJ2022000061)
湖北省教育厅计划项目(B2021021)
湖北民族大学高水平科研成果校内培育项目(PY22003)
作者信息
    1.武汉科技大学生命科学与健康学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
    2.湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室, 湖北民族大学生物与食品工程学院, 湖北 恩施 445000

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*徐尧, Tel: 86-10-88001500, E-mail: ;
罗颖, Tel: 13343580355, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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