Article(id=1198652616382185938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198652605778985059, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0529, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1682697600000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-29, revisedDate=1688832000000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763710653633, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1691769600000, pubDateStr=2023-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763710653633, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763710653633, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763710653633, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198652605778985059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='8', pageStart='0', pageEnd='2540', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1691769600000', pubDateStr='2023-08-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763710651106, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763710739504, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198652976601596347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198652605778985059, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198652976601596348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198652605778985059, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2434, endPage=2441, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198652616780644856, articleId=1198652616382185938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploring biological connotation of blood stasis syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis and establishment of improved animal models based on syndrome-symptom mapping, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Blood stasis syndrome is one of the core clinical syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the biological connotation of this syndrome is not clear, and there is a lack of disease improved animal models that match the characteristics of this disease and syndrome. The aim of this study was to screen the candidate biomarker gene set of blood stasis syndrome of RA, reveal the biological connotation of this syndrome, and explore and evaluate the preparation method of the improved animal model based on the characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom". The study was approved by the ethics committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2019-073-KY-01) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TYLL2021[K]018), and the study subjects gave their informed consent. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01). The whole blood samples were collected clinically from RA patients with blood stasis syndrome (3 cases) or other syndromes (7 types, 3 cases/type), and healthy volunteers (4 cases), and then transcriptome sequencing, KEGG, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis were performed. 126 pivotal genes were screened, and their functional annotation results were significantly enriched in "immune-inflammation" related pathways and lipid metabolism regulation (sphingolipids, ether lipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis). Syndrome-symptom mapping of hub gene set to the TCM primary and secondary symptoms, Western phenotypic symptoms and pathological links showed that joint tingling, abnormal joint morphology, petechiae and abnormal blood circulation are representative of blood stasis syndrome of RA. The results of the improved animal model showed that the rats in the collagen-induced arthritis + adrenaline hydrochloride (CIA+Adr) 3 model group had increased blood rheology, coagulation, platelet function and endothelial function abnormalities compared with the CIA-alone model group, suggesting that the rats with blood stasis syndrome of RA may be in a state of "blood stasis". The results of the study can help to advance the objective study of the evidence of blood stasis syndrome in RA, and provide new ideas for the establishment of an animal model that reflects the clinical characteristics of the disease and syndrome.

, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-jia CHEN, Tao LI, Ming-zhu XU, Xun GONG, Wei-xiang LIU, Pei-hao LI, Quan JIANG, Wei LIU, Xia MAO, Xin LI, Hai-yu XU, Na LIN, Yan-qiong ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan-qiong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198652619892818662, articleId=1198652616382185938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于症状映射的类风湿关节炎瘀血阻络证生物内涵研究及其病证结合动物模型建立和评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

瘀血阻络证是类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 的临床核心证候之一, 但其证候生物内涵尚不明确, 同时也缺乏符合病证特点的病证结合动物模型。本研究旨在筛选RA瘀血阻络证的候选生物标志基因集, 揭示其证候生物内涵, 同时在此基础上对病证结合动物模型的制备方法从病、证、症特点进行探索和评价。本研究经中国中医科学院广安门医院(批准号: 2019-073-KY-01) 和天津中医药大学第一附属医院(批准号: TYLL2021 [K] 字018) 伦理委员会批准, 研究对象知情同意。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会的规定(批准号: IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01)。临床收集RA瘀血阻络证(3例)、非瘀血阻络证(7种证型, 3例/证型) 及健康志愿者(4例) 的全血样本, 开展转录组测序、KEGG分析、基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA) 和加权基因共表达网络分析(weighted correlation network analysis, WGCNA), 共筛选到126个枢纽基因, 其功能注释结果显著富集于“免疫-炎症”相关通路和脂质代谢调节(鞘磷脂、醚脂质代谢和类固醇生物合成) 相关通路。对枢纽基因集与中医主次症、西医表型症状和病理环节相关的靶标基因集做症状映射分析结果显示, 关节刺痛、关节形态异常、瘀斑和血液循环异常是RA瘀血阻络证的代表性病证特点。病证结合动物模型实验结果表明, 相比单纯胶原诱导(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 模型组, CIA联合盐酸肾上腺素(adrenaline hydrochloride, Adr) 3模型组大鼠加剧了血液流变性、凝血功能、血小板功能和内皮功能的异常变化, 提示该种瘀血阻络证RA大鼠可能处于“血瘀”状态。本研究结果有助于推进RA瘀血阻络证的证候客观化研究, 并为建立反映临床特点的病证结合动物模型提供新思路。

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*张彦琼, Tel: 86-10-64014411-2869, E-mail:
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Rheum Arthritis (风湿病与关节炎), 2022, 11: 74-77., articleTitle=Research progress of Chinese medicine to improve blood stasis evidence in rheumatoid arthritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960149063889048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding LL. Clinical Study on Whether Joint Tingling Is a Key Manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Blood Stasis Blocking the Ligament Evidence (关节刺痛是否类风湿关节炎瘀血阻络证关键表现的临床研究) [D]. 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J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med (山东中医药大学学报), 2017, 41: 476-481., articleTitle=Preparation and evaluation of a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis with blood stasis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960148464103544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, awardId=2018YFC1705201, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1705201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960148543795323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, awardId=CI2021A03807, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03807), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960139010142472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960139022725383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, companyId=1198960139010142472, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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A: DEGs heat map; B: DEGs based KEGG pathway enrichment bubble map; C: Expression profile gene based GSEA enrichment score curve; D: Gene expression profile removal batch benefit; E: Soft threshold screening; F: Module eigenvector clustering; G: Biomodule and clinical phenotype correlation analyses. RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; DEGs: Differential expressive genes; KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome; GSEA: Gene set enrichment analysis

, figureFileSmall=6XkMweHY+mqIQTaDxDhlZw==, figureFileBig=PCjaL4IodqPR0EG79fVgLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960147457470516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PPLvMKnpObN7Gely1EIB9Q==, figureFileBig=TtZ7pWUAJCD6R8wwTaTAPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960147583299646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Exploring the biological basis of RA with blood stasis syndrome.

A: The results of pathway enrichment; B: The results of syndrome-symptom mapping analysis

, figureFileSmall=PPLvMKnpObN7Gely1EIB9Q==, figureFileBig=TtZ7pWUAJCD6R8wwTaTAPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960147667185734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=essCuFXUTIQs10hVjvvEGQ==, figureFileBig=WfpJ83qqozOvDnC2WYO09w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960147805597773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The macroscopic indicator test results of characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom".

A: Weight; B: Arthritis score; C: Changes in joint morphology; D: Joint swelling; E: Joint surface temperature. n = 6, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs NC group

, figureFileSmall=essCuFXUTIQs10hVjvvEGQ==, figureFileBig=WfpJ83qqozOvDnC2WYO09w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960147923038294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Bg060wkfyL0lXD9EvRgLmA==, figureFileBig=vl9TCfUIJN4QFB4AhW++tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960148015312988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The microcosmic indicator test results of characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom".

A: Plasma viscosity; B: Erythrocyte cumulative pressure; C: Platelet count; D: Fibrinogen; E: Serum levels of eNOS; F: Serum levels of iNOS; G: Serum levels of VEGF; H: Mechanical pain sensitivity; I: Cold pain sensitivity; J: Hot pain sensitivity. eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; VEGF: Vascular endothelial factor. n = 6, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs NC group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CIA group

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基于症状映射的类风湿关节炎瘀血阻络证生物内涵研究及其病证结合动物模型建立和评价
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陈文佳 1 , 李涛 2 , 胥明珠 2 , 巩勋 3 , 刘蔚翔 3 , 李培豪 4 , 姜泉 3 , 刘维 4 , 毛霞 1 , 李欣 1 , 许海玉 1 , 林娜 1 , 张彦琼 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(8): 2434-2441
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (8) : 2434 -2441
基于症状映射的类风湿关节炎瘀血阻络证生物内涵研究及其病证结合动物模型建立和评价
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Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960139035308298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198652616382185938, companyId=1198960139010142472, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700)])])]
陈文佳1, 李涛2, 胥明珠2, 巩勋3, 刘蔚翔3, 李培豪4, 姜泉3, 刘维4, 毛霞1, 李欣1, 许海玉1, 林娜1, 张彦琼1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
  • 2.云南中医药大学中药学院, 云南 昆明 650500
  • 3.中国中医科学院广安门医院, 北京 100053
  • 4.天津中医药大学第一附属医院, 天津 300193
通讯作者:
*张彦琼, Tel: 86-10-64014411-2869, E-mail:
Exploring biological connotation of blood stasis syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis and establishment of improved animal models based on syndrome-symptom mapping
Wen-jia CHEN1, Tao LI2, Ming-zhu XU2, Xun GONG3, Wei-xiang LIU3, Pei-hao LI4, Quan JIANG3, Wei LIU4, Xia MAO1, Xin LI1, Hai-yu XU1, Na LIN1, Yan-qiong ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 2. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
  • 3. Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
  • 4. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
出版时间: 2023-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0529
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瘀血阻络证是类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 的临床核心证候之一, 但其证候生物内涵尚不明确, 同时也缺乏符合病证特点的病证结合动物模型。本研究旨在筛选RA瘀血阻络证的候选生物标志基因集, 揭示其证候生物内涵, 同时在此基础上对病证结合动物模型的制备方法从病、证、症特点进行探索和评价。本研究经中国中医科学院广安门医院(批准号: 2019-073-KY-01) 和天津中医药大学第一附属医院(批准号: TYLL2021 [K] 字018) 伦理委员会批准, 研究对象知情同意。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会的规定(批准号: IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01)。临床收集RA瘀血阻络证(3例)、非瘀血阻络证(7种证型, 3例/证型) 及健康志愿者(4例) 的全血样本, 开展转录组测序、KEGG分析、基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA) 和加权基因共表达网络分析(weighted correlation network analysis, WGCNA), 共筛选到126个枢纽基因, 其功能注释结果显著富集于“免疫-炎症”相关通路和脂质代谢调节(鞘磷脂、醚脂质代谢和类固醇生物合成) 相关通路。对枢纽基因集与中医主次症、西医表型症状和病理环节相关的靶标基因集做症状映射分析结果显示, 关节刺痛、关节形态异常、瘀斑和血液循环异常是RA瘀血阻络证的代表性病证特点。病证结合动物模型实验结果表明, 相比单纯胶原诱导(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 模型组, CIA联合盐酸肾上腺素(adrenaline hydrochloride, Adr) 3模型组大鼠加剧了血液流变性、凝血功能、血小板功能和内皮功能的异常变化, 提示该种瘀血阻络证RA大鼠可能处于“血瘀”状态。本研究结果有助于推进RA瘀血阻络证的证候客观化研究, 并为建立反映临床特点的病证结合动物模型提供新思路。

类风湿关节炎  /  瘀血阻络证  /  转录组学  /  加权基因共表达网络分析  /  症状映射  /  病证结合

Blood stasis syndrome is one of the core clinical syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the biological connotation of this syndrome is not clear, and there is a lack of disease improved animal models that match the characteristics of this disease and syndrome. The aim of this study was to screen the candidate biomarker gene set of blood stasis syndrome of RA, reveal the biological connotation of this syndrome, and explore and evaluate the preparation method of the improved animal model based on the characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom". The study was approved by the ethics committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2019-073-KY-01) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TYLL2021[K]018), and the study subjects gave their informed consent. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01). The whole blood samples were collected clinically from RA patients with blood stasis syndrome (3 cases) or other syndromes (7 types, 3 cases/type), and healthy volunteers (4 cases), and then transcriptome sequencing, KEGG, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis were performed. 126 pivotal genes were screened, and their functional annotation results were significantly enriched in "immune-inflammation" related pathways and lipid metabolism regulation (sphingolipids, ether lipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis). Syndrome-symptom mapping of hub gene set to the TCM primary and secondary symptoms, Western phenotypic symptoms and pathological links showed that joint tingling, abnormal joint morphology, petechiae and abnormal blood circulation are representative of blood stasis syndrome of RA. The results of the improved animal model showed that the rats in the collagen-induced arthritis + adrenaline hydrochloride (CIA+Adr) 3 model group had increased blood rheology, coagulation, platelet function and endothelial function abnormalities compared with the CIA-alone model group, suggesting that the rats with blood stasis syndrome of RA may be in a state of "blood stasis". The results of the study can help to advance the objective study of the evidence of blood stasis syndrome in RA, and provide new ideas for the establishment of an animal model that reflects the clinical characteristics of the disease and syndrome.

rheumatoid arthritis  /  blood stasis syndrome  /  transcriptomics  /  weighted gene co-expression network analysis  /  syndrome-symptom mapping  /  combination of disease and syndrome
陈文佳, 李涛, 胥明珠, 巩勋, 刘蔚翔, 李培豪, 姜泉, 刘维, 毛霞, 李欣, 许海玉, 林娜, 张彦琼. 基于症状映射的类风湿关节炎瘀血阻络证生物内涵研究及其病证结合动物模型建立和评价. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (8) : 2434 -2441 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0529
Wen-jia CHEN, Tao LI, Ming-zhu XU, Xun GONG, Wei-xiang LIU, Pei-hao LI, Quan JIANG, Wei LIU, Xia MAO, Xin LI, Hai-yu XU, Na LIN, Yan-qiong ZHANG. Exploring biological connotation of blood stasis syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis and establishment of improved animal models based on syndrome-symptom mapping[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (8) : 2434 -2441 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0529
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 是一种慢性、炎症性自身免疫性疾病, 以侵蚀关节及周围组织为主要表现[1]。RA属中医“痹证”范畴, 因正气亏虚, 卫外不固, 复感风寒湿热之邪, 痹阻肌体经脉关节, 致气血痹阻不通而成[2]。《类证治裁》载“痹久必有浊痰败血, 瘀滞经络”[3], 也指出瘀血阻络可导致痹症的关节疼痛, 是RA的重要证型之一。“凡是疼痛, 皆瘀血凝滞之故也”[4], 各种疼痛是痹证(RA) 瘀血阻络证最突出的临床表现之一。临床实践发现, 瘀血阻络证可见于RA发展的各个时期[5], 不同时期证候偏重于瘀血的程度不同, RA证型也不同[6], 其疼痛多表现为刺痛、痛定不移, 发生率高达100%[7]。目前, RA瘀血阻络证的证候生物基础尚不明确, 同时也缺少符合临床特点的病证结合动物模型[8], 极大地制约了该病证的生物学内涵和对证方药作用原理的研究深入, 影响了临床对RA瘀血阻络证的精准辨证和治疗。
因此, 本研究首先应用基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA) 和加权基因共表达网络分析(weighted correlation network analysis, WGCNA) 筛选RA瘀血阻络证的枢纽基因, 并通过通路富集和症状映射分析探索RA瘀血阻络证的生物学内涵。其次, 本研究基于胶原诱导(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 大鼠模型合并盐酸肾上腺素(adrenaline hydrochloride, Adr) 诱导瘀血阻络证建立病证结合动物模型, 基于对RA瘀血阻络证代表性症状特点的认识, 根据病、证、症特点评价3种动物模型造模方法的优劣, 以期推进RA瘀血阻络证的证候客观化研究, 并为动物模型反映临床病-证-症特点的评价提供新思路。
疾病组的全血样本收集自2019年12月至2021年7月于中国中医科学院广安门医院和天津中医药大学第一附属医院被诊断为瘀血阻络证和其他核心证候(湿热痹阻证、痰瘀痹阻证、气阴两虚证、肝肾亏虚证、气血两虚证、风湿痹阻证和寒湿痹阻证) 的RA患者(3例/证型), 健康对照组的全血样本收集自健康志愿者(4例)。本研究经中国中医科学院广安门医院和天津中医药大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(批准号: 2019-073-KY-01和TYLL2021[K]字018), 研究对象知情同意, 自愿签署知情同意书。RA的西医诊断参照1987年美国风湿病学会(ACR) 发布的分类标准[9]和2010年ACR/欧洲抗风湿病联盟(EULAR) 发布的分类标准[10]; 中医诊断参照2017年中华中医药学会风湿病分会《类风湿关节炎病证结合诊疗指南》[11], 纳排标准与前期研究相同[12]
雄性Lewis大鼠30只, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司[许可证号: SCXK (京) 2021-0006], 实验动物许可证号: SYXK (京) 2021-0017。饲养于22 ± 2 ℃的环境中, 自由摄食和饮水, 适应饲养7天后用于后续实验。本研究所涉及动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国中医科学院动物伦理委员会的相关规定(批准号: IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01)。
牛Ⅱ型胶原乙酸溶液(20022) 和弗氏不完全佐剂(7002) 均购自美国Chondrex公司; 盐酸肾上腺素注射液(国药准字H1202052) 购自天津金耀氨基酸有限公司; 丙酮(20101223) 购自北京化工厂; 大鼠纤维蛋白原(Fbg) ELISA检测试剂盒(JL18422) 购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司; 大鼠内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) 和血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial factor, VEGF) ELISA检测试剂盒(M1003124X、M1003127X、ML064294X) 购自上海酶联生物有限公司; 血小板稀释液/计数液(PH1067) 购自福州飞净生物科技有限公司。
Von frey hair疼痛测试仪(丹麦DanMic Global LLC公司); 37370型热辐射仪(意大利Ugo Basil公司); 08009型微量血浆测试仪(北京罗利生仪器有限公司); MultiskanMK3酶标仪(美国ThermoFisherScientific公司); 烤片机(KPJ-1A)、轮转式切片机(QPJ-C)、生物组织包埋机(BMJ-1B)(天津天利航空机电有限公司); BX50型正置显微镜(日本奥林巴斯公司)。
全血样本收集、总RNA提取和质检以及转录组测序方法详见前期研究[12]。筛选P < 0.01和FC > 2的基因作为差异基因, 基于KEGG数据库进行通路信息挖掘。
数据清洗、GSEA分析和WGCNA分析参数设置详见前期研究[12]。GSEA分析的衡量变异系数(rank metric score, RMS)、WGCNA分析的基因显著性(gene significance, GS) 及模块显著性(module significance, MS) 用以衡量基因与生物模块和临床信息的相关性、显著性。选取变异系数、作用通路和生物模块代表性均排名前50%的基因作为RA瘀血阻络证的枢纽基因集。
分别从中医证候本体及病-证-方关联定量计算平台SoFDA[13](http://www.tcmip.cn/Syndrome/front/) 和人类本体表型库(HPO) 数据库(https://hpo.jax.org/app/) 获得与中医主次症、西医表型症状和病理环节相关的靶标基因集, 结合枢纽基因集的KEGG作用通路富集分析分类结果进行交集分析。
30只雄性Lewis大鼠随机分为正常对照(NC) 组、CIA模型组、CIA+Adr1模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组5组。取适量牛Ⅱ型胶原溶液与等容积的不完全弗氏佐剂制成乳浊液, 终浓度为1 mg·mL-1, 按每只0.2 mL于尾根部(CIA模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组、CIA+Adr3模型组) 或足趾部(CIA+Adr1模型组) 皮下注射。初次免疫7天后按每只0.1 mL, 于相同部位皮下加强免疫一次。在复制CIA模型的同时, 对CIA+Adr1模型组和CIA+Adr2模型组以0.1 mg·kg-1剂量[14]进行Adr皮下注射, 对CIA+Adr3模型组以0.3 mg·kg-1剂量[14]进行Adr皮下注射, CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组2 h后置于4 ℃冷水中游泳5 min, 不擦拭风干, 连续7天。
关节炎评分为80分制[15], 每只大鼠评价其4个踝腕关节、4个足中段、12个指趾关节。自免疫8天开始, 每2日用游标卡尺测量大鼠的右后肢踝部最细处直径作为关节肿胀度。
大鼠的机械刺激、热刺激和冷刺激痛阈通过Von frey hair机械疼痛测试仪、热辐射疼痛测试仪和丙酮来检测。分别在造模前、造模后测量(每3天1次), 每次测量维持3~5个周期, 中间间隔5 min, 最后计算取平均值。具体检测方法详见前期研究[16]
麻醉后腹主动脉取血, 取枸橼酸钠(1∶9) 抗凝后血浆1.5 mL, 使用血液黏度测试仪测定血浆黏度; 取抗凝后血浆0.5 mL, 加入压积管中, 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 以温氏管法测定红细胞压积百分比。取抗凝后血浆20 μL, 立即加0.38 mL血小板稀释液混匀, 静置后进行显微观测计数。其余血液样本离心分离得血清, 用于纤维蛋白原、eNOS、iNOS和VEGF含量检测。
采用GraphPad Prism v8软件进行统计学分析, 所有结果均以均值±标准差(x ± s) 表示。单因素多组间比较采用one-way ANOVA方法, 双因素多组间比较采用two-way ANOVA方法。若方差非齐性, 则进一步采用非参数检验。相关性分析采用Pearson或Spearman相关性分析。P < 0.05表示有显著性差异。
在RA瘀血阻络证和健康对照两组中共筛选出3 851个差异表达基因, 其中上调基因81个, 下调基因3 770个。KEGG分析结果显示(图 1AB), RA瘀血阻络证的差异表达基因显著富集于“免疫-炎症”相关通路和代谢相关通路, 同时还参与氧化磷酸化和鞘磷脂代谢等生物过程。转录组表达谱的GSEA分析富集结果表明(图 1C), 与7种非瘀血阻络证相比, 瘀血阻络证的差异表达基因更显著地参与脂质代谢调节(鞘磷脂、醚脂质代谢和类固醇生物合成) 和肾素血管紧张素系统调节相关的作用通路。WGCNA分析将转录组表达谱的17 010个基因划分为19个特征模块(图 1D~F), 其中1个特征模块与瘀血阻络证正相关, 3个特征模块与瘀血阻络证负相关(图 1G)。
整合GSEA和WGCNA分析结果后, 选取变异系数(前50%: 558个)、作用通路代表性(前50%: 501个) 和生物模块代表性(前50%: 556个) 均排名前50%的基因(126个) 作为RA瘀血阻络证的枢纽基因集, 其功能富集结果主要包括“免疫-炎症”、内分泌功能、神经功能、细胞功能、血液循环功能和代谢相关作用通路(图 2A), 与RA瘀血阻络证的中医主次症、西医表型症状和病理环节相关的靶标基因集做症状映射分析如图所示(图 2B), 条形图长度表示映射靶标数, 可见中医症状中, 关节刺痛与细胞功能和免疫炎症关联最密切; 西医症状中, 关节形态异常与细胞功能和免疫炎症关联最密切。条形图颜色表示映射靶标数占该子集的比值, 越接近蓝色比值越高, 可见中医症状中, 痛有定处与神经功能和细胞功能关联最密切; 西医症状中, 瘀斑和血液循环最密切。
与NC组相比, CIA模型组、CIA+Adr1模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组大鼠的体重在后期呈现下降或不再增长的趋势(P < 0.05, 图 3A), 关节炎临床积分和后肢肿胀度显著升高(图 3B~D)。与CIA模型组相比, CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的首次发病时间显著延长(P < 0.01, 图 3B), 但后肢肿胀度代表的病情严重程度无显著差异(P > 0.05, 图 3D)。值得注意的是, CIA+Adr1模型组的CIA免疫部位为足趾部, 其首次发病时间显著早于CIA模型组(P < 0.01, 图 3BD)。与NC组和CIA模型组相比, CIA+Adr1模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组对关节表面温度的影响差异不显著(P > 0.05, 图 3E)。
与NC组相比, CIA模型组、CIA+Adr1模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的血浆黏度显著升高(均P < 0.05, 图 4A), 各模型组的红细胞积压显著升高(均P < 0.05, 图 4B), CIA+Adr1模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的血小板计数显著增加(均P < 0.05, 图 4C)。与NC组和CIA模型组相比, CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的纤维蛋白原指标显著升高(均P < 0.05, 图 4D)。与NC组相比, CIA模型组、CIA+Adr1模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组血清中的iNOS和VEGF水平显著升高; 与CIA模型组相比, CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的血清中eNOS水平无显著降低, 而iNOS和VEGF水平显著降低(均P < 0.05, 图 4E~G)。表明CIA合并Adr模型大鼠加剧了CIA模型的血液流变性、凝血功能、血小板功能和内皮功能异常变化, 该种瘀血阻络证RA大鼠可能处于“血瘀”状态。
与NC组相比, CIA模型组、CIA+Adr1模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的3种痛阈值(机械痛阈值、冷痛阈值和热辐射痛阈值) 均显著降低(均P < 0.05, 图 4H~J), 表现为机械缩足反射阈值降低、冷刺激反应评分升高和热刺激反应时间延长。与CIA模型组相比, CIA+Adr1模型组、CIA+Adr2模型组和CIA+Adr3模型组的热痛潜伏时间减少、热辐射痛阈值升高, 说明瘀血阻络证造模可能缓解单纯CIA造模影响下的热刺激痛觉敏化。
RA的病因与发病机制尚未明确[17], 中医认为“素体虚弱, 正气不足, 腠里不密, 卫外不顾”是其内因; “感受风、寒、湿、热之邪, 阻遏经络、肌肉、关节之间, 使气血运行不畅”则是其外因[18]。引起RA的各种病因均可导致瘀血的产生, 因而瘀血阻络证可出现于RA各期[19]。初期时, 外感风寒湿, 外邪痹阻经脉, 气血运行不畅; 疾病发展时, 正邪交争以气滞血瘀为主要特征; 病程拖延日久或治不得法则出现久病入络[20]。“血瘀”在RA发病过程中既可以成为主要的发病因素, 又可作为其主要的病理机制而贯穿于整个疾病的始终, 因此, 探索RA瘀血阻络证的生物学内涵并为其制备合适的病证结合动物模型具有重要意义。
血瘀证是证候生物学研究的前沿领域[21]。血瘀理论于《黄帝内经》时期就已具雏形[22], 在现代又得到了长足的发展, 如陈可冀院士[23]认为, 瘀血应分为有形之瘀和无形之瘀。“有形之瘀”如血栓、红肿、结块、皮肤瘀斑、结缔组织异常增生、动脉粥样硬化等; “无形之瘀”如血液流变学改变、病灶组织液增多所致的炎症等。余林中等[24]则提出“宏观血瘀”和“微观血瘀”的概念。本研究在建立和评价病证结合动物模型时既关注舌象、瘀斑和疼痛感受等宏观血瘀表征, 又关注血液流变性、凝血功能、血小板参数和血管内皮功能等微观血瘀征象。常用的Adr短期给药复合冰水应激的血瘀证大鼠模型的造模方式可诱导急性应激状态, 但难以体现中医血瘀证由气机郁滞到血瘀的缓慢变化过程[14], 且目前合并血瘀证的RA经典动物模型尚缺乏对其临床对应性的评价和比较, 因此本研究分别采取长期小剂量和中剂量注射Adr的方法模拟气滞血瘀[25], 同时进一步比较CIA合并血瘀证模型动物与单纯CIA模型动物在病、证、症病变特点方面的异同。
RA瘀血阻络证在理论上具有气血运行不畅、外邪阻遏经络、肌肉、关节的征象, 临证以关节刺痛、痛定不移、疼痛夜甚和舌质紫暗、有瘀点或瘀斑的舌象为辨证要点[11], 利用临床样本的转录组表达谱分析结果发现这主要与“免疫-炎症”相关通路和脂质代谢异常等有关, 症状映射结果则说明关节刺痛、关节形态异常、瘀斑和血液循环异常是其代表性病证特点。本研究依托RA经典动物模型CIA大鼠模型, 加入Adr皮下注射及冰浴等刺激条件, 制备RA瘀血阻络证病证结合动物模型, 模型动物所表现出的踝趾关节肿胀疼痛、机械痛阈值敏化等疾病表征和冷痛阈值敏化、舌质暗红或淡紫、皮温降低、食少便溏和血液流变学异常等的血瘀证表征与该病证临床患者的肌肉关节剧痛、肢体麻木、肌肤甲错或干燥无泽、舌质紫暗有瘀斑或瘀点等典型症状相符, 能够为后续生物学内涵机制验证和对证方药作用原理研究提供可靠的实验载体。图 5从左到右依次显示了本研究中RA瘀血阻络证患者的临床表征与病证结合动物模型的宏观、微观表征之间的对应关系, 单纯CIA模型和3种病证结合动物模型对本研究所涉及的宏观、微观表征各项指标的模型效度。从病、证、症特点角度评价了所构建的RA瘀血阻络证病证结合动物模型的临床相关性和模型效度, 综合评价结果表明CIA+Adr3模型组大鼠的宏观、微观表征更接近临床患者, 其相关症状指标的响应度优于其他3种造模方法, 后期将基于该模型继续开展RA瘀血阻络证相关的病理机制研究和对证方药作用原理研究。
作者贡献: 陈文佳负责实验开展、数据分析和文章撰写; 李涛、胥明珠参与负责实验开展、数据搜集; 巩勋、刘蔚翔、李培豪、姜泉、刘维负责临床样本采集处理、临床患者信息搜集; 张彦琼、林娜、许海玉、毛霞、李欣负责整体研究方案设计、论文审阅指导及研究经费支持。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1705201)
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03807)
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2023年第58卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0529
  • 接收时间:2023-04-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-29
  • 修回日期:2023-07-09
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1705201)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03807)
作者信息
    1.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700
    2.云南中医药大学中药学院, 云南 昆明 650500
    3.中国中医科学院广安门医院, 北京 100053
    4.天津中医药大学第一附属医院, 天津 300193

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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