Article(id=1198628672937750764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1146, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667059200000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-30, revisedDate=1678377600000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704945072, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1689091200000, pubDateStr=2023-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704945072, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704945072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704945072, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628666650493481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704943573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137716668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1802, endPage=1811, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628673285878003, articleId=1198628672937750764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Study on the mechanism of Yiyi Fuzi powder in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on metabolomics and network pharmacology, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, a combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology was used to study the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of action of Yiyi Fuzi powder (YYFZ) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats. The animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: TCM-LAEC2021241). The metabolomic analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique identified 22 metabolites, including arachidonic acid, tryptophan, linoleic acid, phenylalanine, as significant biomarkers for the treatment of RA with YYFZ, and they were significantly regressed after YYFZ treatment. The analysis of YYFZ blood components also revealed that 11 blood components, including hypaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine, and deoxyaconitine, may be the components that exert direct pharmacological effects in YYFZ in vivo, and further network pharmacological analysis of blood components obtained that YYFZ may exhibit anti-inflammatory effects through acting on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The results of this study provide implications for the clinical application of YYFZ.

, correspAuthors=Yu-ming WANG, Yu-bo LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fang-fang ZHANG, Xiao-kai LI, Xue LI, Yu-yu WANG, Jun-ke WU, Yu-ming WANG, Yu-bo LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628675240423751, articleId=1198628672937750764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学和网络药理学探讨薏苡附子散治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用代谢组学和网络药理学相结合的方法研究薏苡附子散(Yiyi Fuzi powder, YYFZ) 对类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 大鼠的药效物质及作用机制。动物实验过程均遵循天津中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会要求(批准号: TCM-LAEC2021241)。采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术进行代谢组学分析发现花生四烯酸、色氨酸、亚油酸、苯丙氨酸等22个代谢物为YYFZ治疗RA的生物标志物, 并在YYFZ治疗后显著回调。同时对YYFZ入血成分分析发现次乌头碱、苯甲酰次乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱等11个入血成分可能是YYFZ体内直接发挥药效的成分, 进一步将入血成分进行网络药理学分析获得YYFZ可能通过作用于PI3K/Akt信号通路、雌激素信号通路、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)信号通路表现出抗炎作用。本研究结果为YYFZ的临床应用提供了借鉴。

, correspAuthors=王玉明, 李遇伯, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王玉明, Tel: 86-22-59591974, E-mail: ;
李遇伯, E-mail:
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Amino Acids, 2010, 39: 29-43., articleTitle=Metabolic correlations of glucocorticoids and polyamines in inflammation and apoptosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960142239761234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=10.1097/00024382-200014020-00012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=144, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Hasko G, Kuhel DG, Marton A, journalName=Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hasko G , Kuhel DG , Marton A , et al . Spermine differentially regulates the production of interleukin-12 p40 and interleukin-10 and suppresses the release of the T helper 1 cytokine interferon-gamma[J]. Shock, 2000, 14: 144-149., articleTitle=Spermine differentially regulates the production of interleukin-12 p40 and interleukin-10 and suppresses the release of the T helper 1 cytokine interferon-gamma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960142382367584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00851, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=570, pageEnd=587, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Shi Y, Zhao Y, Qian J, journalName=J Nat Prod, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Shi Y , Zhao Y , Qian J , et al . Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid profiling to distinguish between the Official Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Fuzi and adulterant species using LC-qToF-MS with chemometrics[J]. J Nat Prod, 2021, 84: 570-587., articleTitle=Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid profiling to distinguish between the Official Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Fuzi and adulterant species using LC-qToF-MS with chemometrics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960142504002410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.048, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=151, issue=null, pageStart=740, pageEnd=744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Tong P, Xu S, Cao G, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Tong P , Xu S , Cao G , et al . Chondroprotective activity of a detoxicated traditional Chinese medicine (Fuzi) of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx against severe-stage osteoarthritis model induced by mono-iodoacetate[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2014, 151: 740-744., articleTitle=Chondroprotective activity of a detoxicated traditional Chinese medicine (Fuzi) of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx against severe-stage osteoarthritis model induced by mono-iodoacetate, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960142617248627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=10.3390/molecules27134075, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=4075, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Zhang YG, Liu XX, Zong JC, journalName=Molecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhang YG , Liu XX , Zong JC , et al . Investigation driven by network pharmacology on potential components and mechanism of DGS, a natural vasoprotective combination, for the phytotherapy of coronary artery disease[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 4075., articleTitle=Investigation driven by network pharmacology on potential components and mechanism of DGS, a natural vasoprotective combination, for the phytotherapy of coronary artery disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960142797603721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=38, issue=null, pageStart=358, pageEnd=363, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhang X, Bao GF, Cui ZM, journalName=J Southeast Univ Med Sci Ed (东南大学学报医学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhang X , Bao GF , Cui ZM . Research progress of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis[J]. J Southeast Univ Med Sci Ed (东南大学学报医学版), 2019, 38: 358-363, articleTitle=Research progress of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960142936015768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=null, pageStart=3463, pageEnd=3470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Li XY, Xu N, Huang NN, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference= Li XY , Xu N , Huang NN , et al . An integrative pharmacological-based study on network mechanism of Xinkeshu Tablets intervention in atherosclerosis[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2018, 49: 3463-3470, articleTitle=An integrative pharmacological-based study on network mechanism of Xinkeshu Tablets intervention in atherosclerosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960143128953765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=151, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zhao YB, Gao J, journalName=China Contin Med Edu (中国继续医学教育), refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhao YB , Gao J . Clinical Study of Hormone-dependent Rheumatoid Arthritis[J]. China Contin Med Edu (中国继续医学教育), 2020, 12: 151-153, articleTitle=Clinical Study of Hormone-dependent Rheumatoid Arthritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960143292531638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, doi=10.3389/fphar.2021.816477, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=816477, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Qian K, Zheng XX, Wang C, journalName=Front Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Qian K , Zheng XX , Wang C , et al . β-Sitosterol inhibits rheumatoid synovial angiogenesis through suppressing VEGF signaling pathway[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 12: 816477., articleTitle=β-Sitosterol inhibits rheumatoid synovial angiogenesis through suppressing VEGF signaling pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960137282093366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, awardId=81903938, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目(81903938), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960137386950984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家中医药管理局青年歧黄学者支持项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960129518436866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960129551991300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, companyId=1198960129518436866, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960129560379910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, companyId=1198960129518436866, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津中医药大学中药学院, 天津 301617)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960134882951235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vVcF1gG8xGmnEnc2+/VH2A==, figureFileBig=iMoCn2IfzHRsMXtwwqOIhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960134987808848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The trend of changes in body weight (A), toe volume (B) and toe width (C). <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. YYFZ: Yiyi Fuzi powder; NS: Control group; Model: Model group; MTX: Methotrexate group; YYFZ-H: YYFZ high dose group (5.30 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); YYFZ-M: YYFZ medium dose group (2.65 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); YYFZ-L: YYFZ low dose group (1.33 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) , figureFileSmall=vVcF1gG8xGmnEnc2+/VH2A==, figureFileBig=iMoCn2IfzHRsMXtwwqOIhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135163969640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bMUM/0FQLKVPRkaw6IL49A==, figureFileBig=h0a9voTrMnm4VP7g00g0CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135285604465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Changes in rat serum biochemical parameters. Effect of YYFZ on IL-1<i>β</i> (A), 1L-6 (B), RF (C), and TNF-<i>α</i> (D) of serum. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>+</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>++</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group; 1L-1<i>β</i>: Interleukin-1<i>β</i>; 1L-6: Interleukin-6; RF: Rheumatoid factor; TNF-<i>α</i>: Tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> , figureFileSmall=bMUM/0FQLKVPRkaw6IL49A==, figureFileBig=h0a9voTrMnm4VP7g00g0CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135415627902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IafePaaRktDRDMiA8eiooA==, figureFileBig=T/Pvc+shkFOU97dexVyjOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135541457040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Pathological section of rat ankle joint. NS group (A), Model group (B), MTX group (C), YYFZ-H group (D), YYFZ-M (E), and YYFZ-L group (F). ×200. Red arrows indicate vascular proliferation, blue arrows indicate infiltration of synovial tissue, and black arrows indicate abnormal proliferation of synovial cells , figureFileSmall=IafePaaRktDRDMiA8eiooA==, figureFileBig=T/Pvc+shkFOU97dexVyjOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135709229210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tgsxFDrlNc/wrlu7tDy9WQ==, figureFileBig=ESKc1Ll3RThi3EyWmdHi/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135818281126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Multivariate statistical analysis of plasma metabolites of rat samples. Base peak chromatogram (BPI) diagram of positive ion mode of quality control (QC) sample (A); PCA score plot of YYFZ group and MTX group (B); OPLS-DA score plot of the control group <i>vs</i> model group (C), model validation map (D) , figureFileSmall=tgsxFDrlNc/wrlu7tDy9WQ==, figureFileBig=ESKc1Ll3RThi3EyWmdHi/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135935721657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BxPb2geulVgz2YO3cNYgbw==, figureFileBig=7SmWrX8kAggZwE1X8UxgJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136040579273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Results of metabolomics analysis of RA rats. Hierarchical clustering heat map (A); Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis of YYFZ intervening with identification of serum biomarkers with RA in rats (B); Metabolic pathway analysis of biomarkers in serum (C) , figureFileSmall=BxPb2geulVgz2YO3cNYgbw==, figureFileBig=7SmWrX8kAggZwE1X8UxgJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136141242577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6hh7kbwy3jHwb+iRW1m2Gg==, figureFileBig=bSoD9mO3dnYjg5TT+Y4r1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136283848930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Network pharmacological analysis. "Blood components-target-pathway" network of YYFZ (A); gene ontology (GO) enrichment of the YYFZ effect of RA (B). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis (C). BP: Biological process; CC: Cell composition; MF: Molecular function , figureFileSmall=6hh7kbwy3jHwb+iRW1m2Gg==, figureFileBig=bSoD9mO3dnYjg5TT+Y4r1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136430649585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. tR /min Metabolite Formula Ion Predicted Measured Error /×10-6 Model MTX YYFZ-H YYFZ-M YYFZ-L
1 0.72 Creatinine C4H7N3O [M+H]+ 114.066 8 114.067 2 3.50 ## * * * *
2 0.74 Spermidine C7H19N3 [M+H]+ 146.163 5 146.163 3 -1.36 ## ** ** *
3 0.86 Tryptophan C11H12N2O [M+Na]+ 227.079 6 227.079 1 -2.20 ## ** * *
4 1.00 Linoleic acid C18H32O2 [M+H]+ 281.248 4 281.249 2 2.84 ## ** *
5 1.76 Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 [M+H]+ 166.082 7 166.083 4 4.21 ## ** ** * *
6 8.08 Ketoglutaric acid C5H6O5 [M+K]+ 184.981 3 184.982 4 5.94 ## * *
7 3.00 L-Ornithine C5H12N2O2 [M+H]+ 133.099 1 133.097 4 -12.77 ## ** *
8 5.02 Lactosyceramide(d18:1/18:2) C48H89NO13 [M+H]+ 888.631 5 888.635 2 4.16 ## * *
9 7.37 L-Carnitine C7H15NO3 [M+Na]+ 184.096 9 184.099 7 15.21 ## * ** * *
10 4.92 TG (12:0/15:0/22:1) C52H100O6 [M+H]+ 821.755 2 821.759 8 5.59 ## ** * * *
11 8.07 LysoPC (20:0/0:0) C28H58NO7P [M+H]+ 552.403 8 552.402 9 -1.62 ## * ** * *
12 8.09 LysoPC (22:1/0:0) C30H60NO7P [M+H]+ 578.412 8 578.418 6 10.03 ## ** *
13 7.36 Palmitic acid C16H32O2 [M+Na]+ 279.232 0 279.233 5 5.37 ## ** *
14 4.61 Sphingosine C18H37NO2 [M+H]+ 300.290 3 300.290 2 -0.33 ## ** ** *
15 6.38 4-Pyridoxic acid C8H9NO4 [M+H]+ 184.069 2 184.067 2 10.86 ## * *
16 7.72 5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone C21H34O4 [M+K]+ 389.208 389.209 4 3.60 ## ** * *
17 11.25 Tetracosatetraenoy C31H53NO4 [M+K]+ 542.366 8 542.369 2 4.42 ## ** ** *
18 0.72 2-Hydroxybutyric acid C4H8O3 [M+Na]+ 127.038 8 127.040 1 10.23 ## * * *
19 5.52 PC (14:1/18:4) C40H70NO8P [M+K]+ 762.446 9 762.447 8 1.18 ## * *
20 6.02 Tetradecanedioic acid C4H7N3O [M+K]+ 297.146 8 297.151 2 14.81 ## ** * *
21 0.82 Phenylpyruvic acid C7H19N3 [M+H]+ 165.055 2 165.056 7 9.09 ## ** ** *
22 7.69 Arachidonic acid C11H12N2O [M+K]+ 343.200 6 343.201 9 3.79 ## * * *
), ArticleFig(id=1198960136569061627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

YYFZ biomarker information. ↑ and ↓ represent higher and lower level; ##P < 0.05 vs control group; **P < 0.05, *P < 0.01 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. tR /min Metabolite Formula Ion Predicted Measured Error /×10-6 Model MTX YYFZ-H YYFZ-M YYFZ-L
1 0.72 Creatinine C4H7N3O [M+H]+ 114.066 8 114.067 2 3.50 ## * * * *
2 0.74 Spermidine C7H19N3 [M+H]+ 146.163 5 146.163 3 -1.36 ## ** ** *
3 0.86 Tryptophan C11H12N2O [M+Na]+ 227.079 6 227.079 1 -2.20 ## ** * *
4 1.00 Linoleic acid C18H32O2 [M+H]+ 281.248 4 281.249 2 2.84 ## ** *
5 1.76 Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 [M+H]+ 166.082 7 166.083 4 4.21 ## ** ** * *
6 8.08 Ketoglutaric acid C5H6O5 [M+K]+ 184.981 3 184.982 4 5.94 ## * *
7 3.00 L-Ornithine C5H12N2O2 [M+H]+ 133.099 1 133.097 4 -12.77 ## ** *
8 5.02 Lactosyceramide(d18:1/18:2) C48H89NO13 [M+H]+ 888.631 5 888.635 2 4.16 ## * *
9 7.37 L-Carnitine C7H15NO3 [M+Na]+ 184.096 9 184.099 7 15.21 ## * ** * *
10 4.92 TG (12:0/15:0/22:1) C52H100O6 [M+H]+ 821.755 2 821.759 8 5.59 ## ** * * *
11 8.07 LysoPC (20:0/0:0) C28H58NO7P [M+H]+ 552.403 8 552.402 9 -1.62 ## * ** * *
12 8.09 LysoPC (22:1/0:0) C30H60NO7P [M+H]+ 578.412 8 578.418 6 10.03 ## ** *
13 7.36 Palmitic acid C16H32O2 [M+Na]+ 279.232 0 279.233 5 5.37 ## ** *
14 4.61 Sphingosine C18H37NO2 [M+H]+ 300.290 3 300.290 2 -0.33 ## ** ** *
15 6.38 4-Pyridoxic acid C8H9NO4 [M+H]+ 184.069 2 184.067 2 10.86 ## * *
16 7.72 5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone C21H34O4 [M+K]+ 389.208 389.209 4 3.60 ## ** * *
17 11.25 Tetracosatetraenoy C31H53NO4 [M+K]+ 542.366 8 542.369 2 4.42 ## ** ** *
18 0.72 2-Hydroxybutyric acid C4H8O3 [M+Na]+ 127.038 8 127.040 1 10.23 ## * * *
19 5.52 PC (14:1/18:4) C40H70NO8P [M+K]+ 762.446 9 762.447 8 1.18 ## * *
20 6.02 Tetradecanedioic acid C4H7N3O [M+K]+ 297.146 8 297.151 2 14.81 ## ** * *
21 0.82 Phenylpyruvic acid C7H19N3 [M+H]+ 165.055 2 165.056 7 9.09 ## ** ** *
22 7.69 Arachidonic acid C11H12N2O [M+K]+ 343.200 6 343.201 9 3.79 ## * * *
), ArticleFig(id=1198960136787165454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Rt /min Metabolite Formula Ion Measured Predicted Error /×10-6 Fragment ion
1 4.02 Senbusine B C23H37NO6 [M+H]+ 424.272 424.269 9 4.95 406.246 3, 388.254 4, 378.266 3, 374.232 7
2 4.09 Senbusine A C23H37NO6 [M+H]+ 424.272 4 424.269 9 5.89 406.265 0, 388.252 6, 378.230 7, 374.235 5
3 4.86 Hetisine C20H27NO3 [M+H]+ 330.207 3 330.206 9 1.21 312.2
4 5.42 Fuziline C24H39NO6 [M+H]+ 454.282 1 454.280 5 3.52 436.271 9, 418.262 2, 404.244 4
5 5.64 Neoline C24H39NO6 [M+H]+ 438.288 3 438.285 6 6.16 420.278 8, 402.266 8, 388.257 2, 370.240 4, 356.226
6 8.72 14-Benzoylmesaconine C31H43NO10 [M+H]+ 590.296 5 590.295 8 -1.19 572.287 4, 558.272 5, 540.261 3, 526.245 1, 508.235 5
7 9.25 Benzoylaconine C32H45NO10 [M+H]+ 604.314 1 604.312 2 3.14 586.307 0, 572.289 1, 554.280 0, 540.261 4, 522.250 1, 508.238 4
8 9.74 Benzoylhypaconine C31H43NO9 [M+H]+ 574.303 5 574.301 6 3.31 542.278 9, 524.262 1, 510.252 6, 478.224 1
9 11.8 Hypaconitine C33H45NO10 [M+H]+ 616.313 5 616.312 2 2.11 556.296 3, 584.288 8, 524.269 0, 496.267 2
10 12.57 Deoxyaconitine C34H47NO10 [M+H]+ 630.328 6 630.327 8 1.27 570.303 4, 538.278 0, 510.282 8
11 16.20 Sitosterol C29H50O [M+H]+ 415.394 6 415.394 0 1.44 397.286 4
), ArticleFig(id=1198960137005269274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628672937750764, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis on components absorbed into blood of YYFZ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Rt /min Metabolite Formula Ion Measured Predicted Error /×10-6 Fragment ion
1 4.02 Senbusine B C23H37NO6 [M+H]+ 424.272 424.269 9 4.95 406.246 3, 388.254 4, 378.266 3, 374.232 7
2 4.09 Senbusine A C23H37NO6 [M+H]+ 424.272 4 424.269 9 5.89 406.265 0, 388.252 6, 378.230 7, 374.235 5
3 4.86 Hetisine C20H27NO3 [M+H]+ 330.207 3 330.206 9 1.21 312.2
4 5.42 Fuziline C24H39NO6 [M+H]+ 454.282 1 454.280 5 3.52 436.271 9, 418.262 2, 404.244 4
5 5.64 Neoline C24H39NO6 [M+H]+ 438.288 3 438.285 6 6.16 420.278 8, 402.266 8, 388.257 2, 370.240 4, 356.226
6 8.72 14-Benzoylmesaconine C31H43NO10 [M+H]+ 590.296 5 590.295 8 -1.19 572.287 4, 558.272 5, 540.261 3, 526.245 1, 508.235 5
7 9.25 Benzoylaconine C32H45NO10 [M+H]+ 604.314 1 604.312 2 3.14 586.307 0, 572.289 1, 554.280 0, 540.261 4, 522.250 1, 508.238 4
8 9.74 Benzoylhypaconine C31H43NO9 [M+H]+ 574.303 5 574.301 6 3.31 542.278 9, 524.262 1, 510.252 6, 478.224 1
9 11.8 Hypaconitine C33H45NO10 [M+H]+ 616.313 5 616.312 2 2.11 556.296 3, 584.288 8, 524.269 0, 496.267 2
10 12.57 Deoxyaconitine C34H47NO10 [M+H]+ 630.328 6 630.327 8 1.27 570.303 4, 538.278 0, 510.282 8
11 16.20 Sitosterol C29H50O [M+H]+ 415.394 6 415.394 0 1.44 397.286 4
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基于代谢组学和网络药理学探讨薏苡附子散治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制
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张芳芳 , 李晓凯 , 李雪 , 王玉玉 , 武君珂 , 王玉明 * , 李遇伯 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(7): 1802-1811
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(7): 1802-1811
基于代谢组学和网络药理学探讨薏苡附子散治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制
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张芳芳, 李晓凯, 李雪, 王玉玉, 武君珂, 王玉明* , 李遇伯*
作者信息
  • 天津中医药大学中药学院, 天津 301617

通讯作者:

*王玉明, Tel: 86-22-59591974, E-mail: ;
李遇伯, E-mail:
Study on the mechanism of Yiyi Fuzi powder in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on metabolomics and network pharmacology
Fang-fang ZHANG, Xiao-kai LI, Xue LI, Yu-yu WANG, Jun-ke WU, Yu-ming WANG* , Yu-bo LI*
Affiliations
  • School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
出版时间: 2023-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1146
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本研究采用代谢组学和网络药理学相结合的方法研究薏苡附子散(Yiyi Fuzi powder, YYFZ) 对类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 大鼠的药效物质及作用机制。动物实验过程均遵循天津中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会要求(批准号: TCM-LAEC2021241)。采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术进行代谢组学分析发现花生四烯酸、色氨酸、亚油酸、苯丙氨酸等22个代谢物为YYFZ治疗RA的生物标志物, 并在YYFZ治疗后显著回调。同时对YYFZ入血成分分析发现次乌头碱、苯甲酰次乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱等11个入血成分可能是YYFZ体内直接发挥药效的成分, 进一步将入血成分进行网络药理学分析获得YYFZ可能通过作用于PI3K/Akt信号通路、雌激素信号通路、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)信号通路表现出抗炎作用。本研究结果为YYFZ的临床应用提供了借鉴。

类风湿性关节炎  /  薏苡附子散  /  代谢组学  /  网络药理学  /  作用机制

In this study, a combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology was used to study the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of action of Yiyi Fuzi powder (YYFZ) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats. The animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: TCM-LAEC2021241). The metabolomic analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique identified 22 metabolites, including arachidonic acid, tryptophan, linoleic acid, phenylalanine, as significant biomarkers for the treatment of RA with YYFZ, and they were significantly regressed after YYFZ treatment. The analysis of YYFZ blood components also revealed that 11 blood components, including hypaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine, and deoxyaconitine, may be the components that exert direct pharmacological effects in YYFZ in vivo, and further network pharmacological analysis of blood components obtained that YYFZ may exhibit anti-inflammatory effects through acting on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The results of this study provide implications for the clinical application of YYFZ.

rheumatoid arthritis  /  Yiyi Fuzi powder  /  metabolomics  /  network pharmacology  /  mechanism
张芳芳, 李晓凯, 李雪, 王玉玉, 武君珂, 王玉明, 李遇伯. 基于代谢组学和网络药理学探讨薏苡附子散治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1802 -1811 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1146
Fang-fang ZHANG, Xiao-kai LI, Xue LI, Yu-yu WANG, Jun-ke WU, Yu-ming WANG, Yu-bo LI. Study on the mechanism of Yiyi Fuzi powder in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on metabolomics and network pharmacology[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1802 -1811 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1146
类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 通过侵入纤维血管组织导致软骨和骨侵蚀, 主要表现为肿胀、疼痛以及进行性骨损伤[1, 2]。现有的统计分析表明, RA不仅是一个医学特征, 而且是一个公共卫生问题。在国外, 关节炎是导致行动功能丧失的一个重要原因, 患病率为1%[3]。在国内, 患病率约为0.37%[4]。目前非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素或生物制剂是主要的抗风湿药物。但是易感染和高昂的成本以及对各种脏器伴有的不良反应限制了处方制剂的应用, 所以选择合适的治疗方法尤为重要。
薏苡附子散(Yiyi Fuzi powder, YYFZ) 出自《金匮要略》, 由薏苡仁和附子两味中药组成。方中薏苡仁利水渗湿, 附子温阳散寒。两药合用, 可温阳除湿, 通痹散寒。已有研究表明, 薏苡仁通过抑制促炎因子和氧化应激来抑制炎症反应[5, 6]。附子通过作用于RA关键靶点和代谢通路抑制炎症反应[7], 并且附子生物碱通过抑制RA中核因子-κB (nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB) 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) 信号通路的激活来抑制炎症介质的表达和合成[8]。然而目前尚不清楚两者合用对胶原诱导的关节炎(CIA) 大鼠的作用机制。
代谢组学和网络药理学是阐明复方潜在机制的有效工具[9]。代谢组学被定义为在各种刺激的作用下和某些生理因素改变的条件下, 检测生物体的整体代谢变化及规律[10]。而网络药理学对中药复方治疗疾病的作用机制提供了新的研究思路[11], 通过构建“药物-成分-靶点-通路”的虚拟筛选和分析, 可以快速获得YYFZ治疗疾病的关键靶点及代谢通路。本研究首先建立CIA大鼠模型评估其药效作用, 并对血浆样本进行代谢组学分析, 揭示潜在生物标志物及代谢通路; 其次, 通过对YYFZ体内成分分析获得直接作用于生物体的活性成分, 并利用网络药理学对其进行作用靶点及通路预测, 为深入研究YYFZ治疗RA的物质基础及作用机制提供支持。
药品和试剂  薏苡仁(湖南药圣堂中药科技有限公司, 批号: A190502)、附子(河北美威药业有限公司, 批号: 1801068-16), 经天津中医药大学李天祥教授鉴定薏苡仁为禾本科植物薏米Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf.的干燥成熟种仁, 附子为毛茛科植物乌头Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.的子根的加工品, 所有饮片均符合2020版《中华人民共和国药典》规定。弗氏不完全佐剂、牛二型胶原(批号分别为210144和210112) 均购自美国Sigma公司; 大鼠IL-1β试剂盒、大鼠IL-6试剂盒、大鼠TNF-α试剂盒(批号分别为TY20220328、TY20220512、TY20220415) 均购自天津伊特生命科学研发有限公司。甲氨蝶呤片(上海上药信谊药厂有限公司, 批号: H31020644); 戊巴比妥钠(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司, 批号: C12330784); 大鼠RF试剂盒(四川省维克奇生物科技有限公司, 批号: WKQ22090502)。
仪器  Waters Acquity UPLC液相色谱仪, Waters Xevo G2 Q-TOF/MS质谱仪, UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm), 美国Waters公司; ALLLEGRATM-64R高速冷冻离心机, 美国Beckman公司; TecanInfiniteF50酶标仪, 瑞士Tecan公司; 足趾容积测量仪, 安徽正华生物仪器设备有限公司; 数显游标卡尺, 金华市世匠工具有限公司。
实验动物清洁级6周龄(180~200 g) 雄性Wistar大鼠购于北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司[合格证号: SCXK (京) 2019-0008], 本研究经天津中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: TCM-LAEC2021241)。
样品的制备  精密称取薏苡仁、附子, 按照5∶3的比例[12]混合, 置于圆底烧瓶, 加入10倍量水浸泡45 min, 回流提取1 h, 趁热过滤; 药渣加8倍量水回流45 min, 趁热过滤, 合并滤液, 浓缩至黏稠浸膏(以生药计, 浓度为1 g·mL-1), 保存在4 ℃冰箱。阳性药的制备: 取一定质量的甲氨喋呤片, 置于离心管内加水溶解并超声10min, 最终配制成浓度为1 mg·mL-1的药液。牛Ⅱ型胶原乳剂(CⅡ) 的制备: 将弗氏不完全佐剂与酸性牛Ⅱ型胶原溶液1∶1混合均匀, 直至形成稳定的乳剂体系。
动物实验  经过一周的适应后, 随机取10只大鼠作为空白组, 剩余大鼠在足趾注射0.2 mL的CⅡ造模, 进行初次免疫, 造模当天记为实验第0天。第7天在大鼠足趾相同位置注射0.1 mL CⅡ, 进行第二次免疫; 空白组(control group, NS) 大鼠注射等量的生理盐水。之后将大鼠分为模型组(model)、甲氨蝶呤组(methotrexate group, MTX)、薏苡附子散高(YYFZ high dose group, YYFZ-H)、中(YYFZ medium dose group, YYFZ-M)、低(YYFZ low dose group, YYFZ-L) 剂量组, 每组10只。第二次免疫后第2天开始给药干预。MTX组灌胃剂量1 mg·kg-1, 每周给药2次, 剩余5天灌胃等体积蒸馏水; YYFZ-H、YYFZ-M、YYFZ-L组分别灌胃给予YYFZ水煎液5.30、2.65和1.33 g·kg-1, 空白组和模型组给予等量生理盐水。在初次免疫后的第45天采用1.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后腹主动脉取血, 静置30 min后将血浆样品在4 ℃, 3 500 r·min-1的条件下离心10 min, 吸取上清液冻存于-80 ℃冰箱中, 以备后续代谢组学及生化指标分析。并在采血后取大鼠的双侧踝关节, 置于4%中性福尔马林固定液中进行病理切片分析。
指标观察与检测  用电子数显游标卡尺、足趾容积测量仪测量大鼠造模前的足趾宽度和足趾容积, 造模后第1、3、7天各测量一次; 第7天起每隔3天测量一次足趾宽度与足趾容积直至取材。每个足趾平行测量3次取平均值。
代谢组学分析  将冻存的血浆样本室温解冻, 以血浆∶乙腈(1∶3) 的比例涡旋混匀, 以4 ℃, 13 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 吸取上清液进行UPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析。取每组血浆样本(约50 μL), 按照上述操作制备质量控制样本(quality control, QC), 其包含所有样品的生物学信息[13]
色谱条件Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), 柱温为45 ℃, 进样量5 μL, 流速为0.3 mL·min-1。流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A) 和0.1%甲酸乙腈(B)。梯度洗脱条件: 0~0.5 min, 1% B; 0.5~2 min, 1%~50% B; 2~9 min, 50%~99% B; 9~10 min, 99% B; 10~11 min, 99%~1% B; 11~13 min, 1% B。
质谱条件电喷雾电离源(ESI源), 在正离子模式下进行分析, 设置分子量扫描范围m/z 50~1 000; 毛细管电压3.0 kV; 干燥气温度325 ℃; 干燥气体流速10 mL·min-1; 离子源温度120 ℃; 去簇电压为60 V/ -60 V; 碰撞能量为35/-35 eV。
数据处理  将原始数据经过Masslynx 4.1软件(美国Waters公司) 导出, 经过80%修约后导入Simca-P软件(瑞典Umetrics公司) 进行多元统计分析, 分别建立主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA), 筛选得到可变重要性(VIP) > 1和t检验(P < 0.05) 的数据作为生物标志物, 并将生物标志物与HMDB数据库(http://www.hmdb.ca) 及文献信息进行匹配确定。此外, 通过热图及受试者工作特征曲线(ROC) 分析标志物的变化趋势。最后通过MetaboAnalyst (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/)[14]数据库对已鉴定的生物标志物进行代谢通路分析。
统计学分析  数据采用SPSS软件进行单因素方差分析, 所有数值均以means ± SD表示, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
YYFZ入血成分分析  将6只大鼠随机分为空白组和给药组, 每组3只。给药组每天以2.65 g·kg-1的剂量灌胃YYFZ水煎液, 空白组灌胃等量生理盐水, 给药5天。最后一次给药1 h后, 使用1.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠后腹主动脉收集血液, 静置30 min后, 将血样在4 ℃, 3 500 r·min-1条件下离心10 min, 吸取上清液, 贮存于-80 ℃冰箱, 备用。
色谱条件  色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm); 流速为0.3 mL·min-1; 进样量为10 μL; 流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(B), 梯度洗脱条件为0~1 min, 1% B; 1~2 min, 1%~5% B; 2~5 min, 5%~15% B; 5~10 min, 15%~30% B; 10~15 min, 30%~50% B; 15~20 min, 50%~70% B; 20~24min, 70%~99% B; 24~25min, 99%~1% B。
质谱条件  采用ESI源, 在正离子模式下分析, 质谱扫描范围m/z 50~1 000; 毛细管电压3.0 kV; 干燥气体流速10 mL·min-1; 离子源温度120 ℃; 脱溶剂气体温度350 ℃; 锥孔气流速50 L·h-1, 扫描范围50~2 000。
YYFZ入血成分及靶点筛选  基于对YYFZ入血成分的研究, 将鉴定出的入血成分信息在TCMSP数据库(https://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php) 检索相关靶点信息, 上传至PharmaMappe (http://lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/index.html) 及SwissTargetPrediction数据库(http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/) 预测各成分靶点, 经Uniprot数据库[15]转换为Gene name后去重。
RA相关靶点筛选  以“rheumatoid arthritis”为检索词检索疾病靶点。通过Genecards (http://www.genecards.org/)、TTD (http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/)[16]、OMIM (https://omim.org/)[17]数据库互相补充, 合并去重。将入血成分靶点与RA疾病靶点筛选交集靶点, 即为YYFZ治疗RA的潜在靶点。
“入血成分-靶点-通路”网络图的构建  将YYFZ治疗RA靶点导入STRING数据库(https://string-db.org)[18]获得靶点相互作用的蛋白相互作用(PPI) 网络图, 并将结果导入Cytoscape 3.8.3[19]构建拓扑网络, 利用cytohubba功能对网络进行分析, 计算节点自由度(degree)、接近中心性(betweenness)。为进一步探讨其生物学意义, 使用DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)[20]进行GO (Gene Ontology) 功能和KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) 通路富集分析, 获得生物学过程及潜在信号通路。
为研究YYFZ的药效作用, 本研究测定了大鼠体重、足趾容积及足趾宽度变化趋势。结果如图 1所示, 与空白组相比, 模型组大鼠体重增长缓慢, 足趾容积及足趾宽度在CⅡ处理后显著升高, 说明大鼠造模效果较好。给药后MTX组及YYFZ各剂量组体重显著增加(P < 0.05), 足趾容积及足趾宽度显著下降(P < 0.05), 并且模型组大鼠足趾容积在5周左右达到高峰, YYFZ各剂量组在3周左右达到高峰, 总体呈下降趋势。说明YYFZ对RA有潜在治疗作用。
为研究YYFZ对CIA大鼠的抗炎作用, 本研究检测了血清中的RF、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量, 结果如图 2所示, 与空白组相比, 模型组RF、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量有显著性的升高(P < 0.05), 而与模型组相比, YYFZ-H和MTX组有显著性差异(P < 0.05), 其余各组也有回调趋势。提示YYFZ高剂量组可以起到显著的治疗作用。
踝关节切片如图 3所示, 空白组(图 3A) 大鼠踝关节组织较为完整, 滑膜细胞排列规则, 多数为单层, 未见炎性细胞浸润, 关节软骨表面平滑、完好。模型组(图 3B) 大鼠的滑膜细胞出现了明显的异常增生(黑色的箭头), 层数增多, 细胞的分布紊乱, 同时还伴随着炎症细胞的渗入, 在软骨中可以看到滑膜组织的渗透(蓝色的箭头), 软骨表面出现了裂痕, 血管增生(红色的箭头), 周围有炎症细胞浸润。MTX组(图 3C)、YYFZ-H (图 3D) 剂量组可以观察到滑膜细胞排列较为整齐, 存在轻度增生或无增生, 炎性细胞浸润较少; 而YYFZ-M组(图 3E) 可见不同程度的关节滑膜炎症和血管新生的形态改变。YYFZ-L组(图 3F) 中有明显的滑膜组织异常增生, 并且入侵软骨, 伴有血管增生和炎性细胞浸润。
采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术对QC样品进行考察, 在正离子模式下得到总离子流色谱图(图 4A), 其峰面积小于15%, 则方法学考察结果可靠, 可以进行后续操作。PCA (图 4B) 结果显示, 空白组和模型组、模型组和给药组的分布有一定趋向性。OPLS-DA显示(图 4C), 空白组与模型组代谢轮廓显著分离, 并且交叉验证结果(图 4D) 显示R2X = 0.55, Q2Y = 0.33, 说明所建模型预测能力良好。根据VIP值结合t检验(P < 0.05), 并汇总文献和HMDB数据库信息确认潜在的生物标志物。结果血浆样本中共筛选出22个生物标志物, 具体信息见表 1, 其中肌酸酐、色氨酸、亚油酸、D-苯丙氨酸、鸟氨酸、左旋肉碱、溶血卵磷脂类、花生四烯酸等15个标志物的含量均显著上升; α-酮戊二酸、棕榈酸、DL-2-羟基丁酸、十四烷二酸、苯丙酮酸等7个标志物含量显著下降。提示这22种生物标志物可能是CIA大鼠潜在生物标志物。而给予药物干预后, YYFZ高剂量组有显著的回调趋势(P < 0.05)。
为了更直观地观察标志物在各组中的变化, 采用分层聚类分析及ROC曲线图对22个生物标志物进行分析; 图 5可见, 与空白组相比, 模型组血浆标志物含量出现显著性变化, 提示标志物有一定判别能力。并且通过ROC曲线分析, 曲线下面积分布在0.93~0.74 (95%置信区间), 说明22个标志物具有诊断能力。
为进一步推测RA代谢紊乱机制, 将22个生物标志物进行代谢通路分析, 结果如图 5所示, 其中苯丙氨酸, 酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成; 亚油酸代谢; 苯丙氨酸代谢以及花生四烯酸代谢是主要涉及的代谢通路, 提示脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢是RA需要关注的通路。
通过比较空白组与给药组的血清样本, 以及准分子离子峰和二级质谱碎片信息, 本研究共鉴定出11种入血成分, 如表 2所示。
通过TCMSP数据库对表 2中的11个入血成分进行靶点预测, 最终获得YYFZ入血成分靶点272个以及RA疾病靶点1 597个。将入血成分与RA靶点进行Venny富集分析, 获得70个YYFZ治疗RA的靶点。
通过Cytoscape3.8.2绘制“成分-靶点-通路”网络图。如图 6A所示, 图中橙色代表共同靶点, 绿色代表通路, 红色代表入血成分。利用软件的Cytohubba功能分析网络图中的节点自由度和介数中心性。结果显示在入血成分中次乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头碱在网络中关联度数更高, 说明他们在网络中起了关键作用, 是YYFZ治疗RA的潜在有效成分。
为了进一步发现YYFZ治疗RA的作用机制, 对上述得到的共同靶点运用DAVID数据库进行GO富集分析和KEGG通路分析, 结果显示生物过程(biological process, BP) 获得276条富集结果, 主要涉及凋亡过程的负调控、蛋白质磷酸化等过程。细胞组成(cellular component, CC) 获得41条富集结果, 主要涉及胞质溶胶、细胞外泌体、细胞外区等; 分子功能(molecular function, MF) 获得75条富集结果, 主要涉及酶结合、类固醇激素受体活性、药物结合等(图 6)。KEGG通路分析以P < 0.05为筛选条件选取前20个绘制气泡图, 结果显示YYFZ治疗RA主要涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、雌激素信号通路、VEGF信号通路等。
RA是一种以对称性关节滑膜炎为特征, 由免疫、环境、遗传等多种因素参与的慢性全身性自身免疫疾病。本研究以CIA大鼠为研究对象, 在关节部位产生炎症。据报道, RF的存在或缺失对RA具有重要意义, 且参与形成的复合物可能进一步导致炎性细胞(如巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞) 的聚集, 导致组织损伤[21]。关节滑膜组织驻留着静止状态的滑膜细胞, 在炎性因子刺激下巨噬细胞被激活分化, 形成M1型和M2型巨噬细胞, 其中M1型巨噬细胞能够分泌多种炎性因子促使炎性细胞浸润, 导致血管形成以及骨与软骨破坏[22], TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6等促炎因子均是在M1巨噬细胞作用下大量产生。本研究结合组织病理学也证实YYFZ能够显著降低炎症因子的含量, 并且改善滑膜组织增生和炎性细胞浸润。
通过对大鼠血浆样品进行代谢组学分析可知, YYFZ治疗RA与脂质代谢及氨基酸代谢通路的紊乱有关。磷脂是生物膜结构主要构成分子, 在细胞层面辅助生物体功能。甘油磷脂是连接脂肪酸代谢和葡萄糖代谢的桥梁, 也是机体中含量最高的一类脂质。本研究检测到的脂肪酸主要为磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LysoPC)、甘油三酯在模型组大鼠血浆中均有显著升高, 表明CIA大鼠影响了甘油磷脂代谢。当磷脂类成分紊乱时, 细胞膜功能也会受到影响, 造成组织生理状态功能异常。PC和LysoPC在相关酶的催化下可以互相转换, 在磷酸酯酶的作用下磷脂会转变为亚油酸和花生四烯酸[23]。亚油酸还参与着机体胆固醇的代谢, 将小分子胆固醇转运至肝脏代谢成胆汁酸和类固醇激素, 若胆固醇代谢出现障碍, 体液内胆固醇沉积, 导致甘油三酯乳化生成花生四烯酸[24]。本研究中甘油三酯含量下降, 因而胆固醇代谢受阻, 导致体内甘油三酯、花生四烯酸在体内沉积, 激活炎症通路。花生四烯酸是生物体内广泛分布的不饱和脂肪酸, 在病理状态下花生四烯酸被分解成具有不同生物活性的衍生物, 参与机体炎症反应、细胞凋亡等生物过程[25]。前列腺素(PGs) 由花生四烯酸经过环氧合酶(COX) 通路代谢生成, 经过进一步代谢产生多种活性物质, 参与多种生物活动。PGs可调控血管重塑与生成过程, 并能够控制血管张力, 影响RA的进程[26, 27]
氨基酸代谢途径紊乱与滑膜炎症反应密切相关, 色氨酸可以对细胞的应激反应进行调节, 诱导IL-6的合成与释放[28]。本研究中色氨酸在CIA大鼠中的含量上升, 经YYFZ治疗后有明显的的下调趋势, 表明YYFZ对色氨酸诱导的炎症因子的释放具有抑制作用。亚精胺是精氨酸通过鸟氨酸代谢途径产生的衍生物, 炎症的发展可影响多胺含量的发生[29]。亚精胺及其氧化物在RA患者的滑膜液、关节炎大鼠的血浆中表现出抗炎活性[30]。亚精胺还可通过增加抗炎性细胞因子IL-10的生成, 抑制促炎性细胞因子的表达, 从而保护巨噬细胞免受炎性损伤[31]。本研究中鸟氨酸含量在模型组大鼠显著升高, 同时促进精氨酸物质生成更多的亚精胺类物质, 这与模型组大鼠亚精胺类含量上升相一致。同时又会抑制促炎因子的释放对炎症进行负反馈调节。
通过对比空白血清和含药血清, 最终鉴定出11种入血成分。其中大部分为附子中的生物碱, 且多为低毒性的苯甲酰型生物碱, 有研究发现双酯型乌头碱与水解产物苯甲酰型生物碱具有相似的作用靶点, 因此推测二者具有相近的药理作用[32]。由于双酯型生物碱与蛋白亲和力更强因而表现出更强的药理活性, 但Tong等[33]将附子炮制脱毒后用于治疗碘乙酸单酯诱导骨关节炎模型大鼠, 发现脱毒附子对于关节损伤有一定改善作用, 且主要成分为无毒生物碱, 提示附子的水解产物对疾病存在治疗作用。
网络药理学与传统的单靶点作用模式相比, 更适合研究中药复方的复杂应用[34]。通过网络药理学预测发现, PI3K-AKT信号通路、雌激素信号通路、VEGF信号通路可能是YYFZ治疗RA的关键通路。RA病变中, PI3K/AKT信号转导途径的活化可诱导炎症因子如TNF-α、IL-1β, 参与炎症反应, 参与滑膜炎症、软骨破环和骨侵蚀、血管翳的形成, 血管翳是RA进展过程中特征性病理产物[35]。雌激素等在RA中的含量与正常人相比有显著的差别, 激素水平的变化是判断RA病程的关键。激活雌激素受体可以调节PI3K-Akt信号通路和ROS信号通路, 从而促进细胞炎症和氧化损伤的发生[36]。另外, 雌激素还能直接或间接地抑制多种炎症因子、细胞因子和生长因子, 从而保护关节软骨[37]。VEGF能够促进血管通透性, 使内皮细胞增殖和迁移, 产生趋化性和毛细血管高通透性, 参与炎症的发展。同时血管翳包裹在关节软骨表面, 导致关节液无法被软骨吸收, 进而造成软骨和骨损伤[38]
本研究通过整合代谢组学和网络药理学技术, 从“多成分、多靶点”角度分析了YYFZ治疗RA的可能作用机制, 发现YYFZ治疗RA的生物标志物主要集中在花生四烯酸代谢网络中。进一步的网络研究分析表明PI3K-AKT信号通路、雌激素信号通路、VEGF信号通路可能是YYFZ治疗RA的关键通路。结合文献信息, 在VEGF信号通路中, VEGF与细胞膜表面受体结合后引起大量Ca2+内流, 活化cPLA2, 使大量花生四烯酸游离, 引起代谢紊乱。以上研究结果为YYFZ临床应用提供了借鉴。
作者贡献: 张芳芳和李晓凯负责实验部分和文章撰写; 李雪、王玉玉负责代谢组学实验; 武君珂负责数据分析; 王玉明和李遇伯指导并修改论文。
利益冲突: 本作者声明无利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(81903938)
  • 国家中医药管理局青年歧黄学者支持项目
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2023年第58卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1146
  • 接收时间:2022-10-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-30
  • 修回日期:2023-03-10
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(81903938)
国家中医药管理局青年歧黄学者支持项目
作者信息
    天津中医药大学中药学院, 天津 301617

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*王玉明, Tel: 86-22-59591974, E-mail: ;
李遇伯, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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