Article(id=1198628670769300137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1178, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667404800000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-03, revisedDate=1675267200000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704944554, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1689091200000, pubDateStr=2023-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704944554, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704944554, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704944554, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628666650493481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704943573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137716668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1812, endPage=1821, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628671041929925, articleId=1198628670769300137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Based on the metabolic mechanism of UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS Hippocampus to delay the aging of Drosophila melanogaster, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS metabonomics technology, the effect of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster was studied, and the change rule of endogenous metabolites in the aging process of Drosophila melanogaster after the intervention of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker japonicus was explored to clarify the anti-aging mechanism of Hippocampus. The natural aging model of Drosophila melanogaster was used. Different doses of raw Hippocampus and fried Hippocampus were given to observe the effects on the life span, climbing ability, sexual activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Drosophila melanogaster. Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS metabolomics technology, the metabolic profile of the aging Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed using metabonomics technology to explore the mechanism of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker delaying the aging of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that raw Hippocampus and crispy Hippocampus (1, 4 mg·mL-1) could significantly prolong the average life span, median life span and maximum life span of male fruit flies, and significantly improve the climbing ability and sexual vitality of fruit flies. Catalase (CAT) and aldehyde content were increased, while malonaldehyde (MDA) content was decreased. Through metabonomics technology, it was identified that the Hippocampus can significantly recall 16 metabolites and participate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. The anti-aging mechanism is related to amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism, which provides a substantial scientific basis for the development and utilization of Hippocampus and clarifying its role in senile diseases. The animal experiment of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (approval number: SXULL2021028).

, correspAuthors=Xiao-xia GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-kun WANG, Tian-hui ZHOU, Li-juan DUAN, Ai-rong ZHANG, Xue-mei QIN, Xiao-xia GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628674351235979, articleId=1198628670769300137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS大海马延缓果蝇衰老的代谢机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS代谢组学技术研究大海马对果蝇寿命的影响, 探究大海马干预后果蝇衰老进程中内源性代谢物的变化规律, 阐明大海马的抗衰老作用机制。采用果蝇自然衰老模型, 给予不同剂量的生品大海马与酥油炙大海马, 观察对果蝇寿命、攀爬能力、性活力及抗氧化酶活性的影响, 应用代谢组学技术对衰老果蝇的代谢轮廓分析, 探究大海马延缓果蝇衰老的作用机制。结果表明, 生品大海马、酥油炙大海马(1、4 mg·mL-1) 均能显著延长雄性果蝇的平均寿命、中位寿命和最高寿命, 可显著提高果蝇的攀爬能力与性活力, 提高过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 的含量和降低丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA) 的含量。通过代谢组学技术指认出大海马可以显著回调16种代谢物, 参与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、酪氨酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢、组氨酸代谢5条代谢通路。结果提示, 大海马可延缓果蝇衰老, 炮制后药效加强, 抗衰老机制与氨基酸代谢和糖代谢有关。本研究旨在为大海马的开发利用和阐明其在老年性疾病发挥作用提供充实的科学依据。本研究动物实验获得山西大学伦理委员会的批准(批准号: SXULL2021028)。

, correspAuthors=高晓霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*高晓霞, Tel: 86-351-7019297, E-mail:
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Gerontology, 2017, 63: 327, articleTitle=Energy metabolism and ageing in the mouse: a mini-review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960137525363030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, awardId=YDZJSX2021C033, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021C033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960137688940904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, awardId=202104010910001, language=CN, fundingSource=名优晋药再开发山西省重点实验室(202104010910001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960137856713083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, awardId=201605D111004, language=CN, fundingSource=地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(201605D111004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960137978347913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, awardId=2022TD2007, language=CN, fundingSource=山西中医药大学科技创新团队(2022TD2007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960128922845630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960128948011455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, companyId=1198960128922845630, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960128968982976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, companyId=1198960128922845630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960129174503898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960129195475421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, companyId=1198960129174503898, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960129203864031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, companyId=1198960129174503898, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山西大学化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198960129325498857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960129359053295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, companyId=1198960129325498857, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Shanxi Guangyuyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Taigu 030800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960129371636210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, companyId=1198960129325498857, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西广誉远国药有限公司, 山西 太谷 030800)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960134526435352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VIXbMdLo23xTmKbOa68UPw==, figureFileBig=BLhn0QjEY5aJQelNCHsdnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960134648070186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Survival curve of drosophila before and after processing of <i>Hippocampus</i> and control group. A: Survival curve of raw <i>Hippocampus</i> and control <i>Drosophila</i>. B: Survival curve of processed with butter <i>Hippocampus</i> and control <i>Drosophila</i>. RHL: Raw <i>Hippocampus</i> 1 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; RHM: Raw <i>Hippocampus</i> 4 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; RHH: Raw <i>Hippocampus</i> 16 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; PBHL: Processed with butter <i>Hippocampus</i>, 1 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; PBHM: Processed with butter <i>Hippocampus</i> 4 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; PBHH: Processed with butter <i>Hippocampus</i> 16 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=VIXbMdLo23xTmKbOa68UPw==, figureFileBig=BLhn0QjEY5aJQelNCHsdnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960134836813885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qyzSrSS1B7vlzj7nKXlK6w==, figureFileBig=2dkqA8peadcXXNyHnAujIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960134958448713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of <i>Hippocampus</i> on CAT activity (A) and MDA content (B). <i>n</i> = 100, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> control group. CAT: Catalase; MDA: Malonaldehyde , figureFileSmall=qyzSrSS1B7vlzj7nKXlK6w==, figureFileBig=2dkqA8peadcXXNyHnAujIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135117832287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oxNfD3M9P7VecegJz6FFZw==, figureFileBig=u8MNqJV+gaZ3BB1X/Et7ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135289798772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Multivariate data analysis from UPLC-MS/MS. A: PLS-DA score plots of raw <i>Hippocampus</i>; B: PLS-DA model validation results of raw <i>Hippocampus</i>; C: PLS-DA score plots of processed with butter <i>Hippocampus</i>; D: PLS-DA model validation results of processed with butter <i>Hippocampus</i> , figureFileSmall=oxNfD3M9P7VecegJz6FFZw==, figureFileBig=u8MNqJV+gaZ3BB1X/Et7ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135415627903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mQmqcdOzxdiF/iqs2uNd5w==, figureFileBig=vOs6Zia55rGG2aJ7V1PQog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135545651343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Comparison of relative peak areas of the potential biomarkers in UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> drug delivery group , figureFileSmall=mQmqcdOzxdiF/iqs2uNd5w==, figureFileBig=vOs6Zia55rGG2aJ7V1PQog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135713423515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=92HNX0V6Ltynz+uJdtBCbg==, figureFileBig=Wbh8FkLVQ93Zg50L4Ve/Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135818281125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The relative content of the heatmap of differential metabolites. Con: Control; Mod: Model; RHL and RHM <i>Hippocampus</i> before processing (1, 4 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>); PBHL and PHBM, <i>Hippocampus</i> after processing (1, 4 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) , figureFileSmall=92HNX0V6Ltynz+uJdtBCbg==, figureFileBig=Wbh8FkLVQ93Zg50L4Ve/Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960135927333048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=f22XCjAodV2zCuqXl0jirQ==, figureFileBig=UZDpEKigBd+CsLQ0ZQrKEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136053162188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Venn diagram of metabolites of before and after processing. A: <i>Hippocampus</i> before processing; B: <i>Hippocampus</i> after processing , figureFileSmall=f22XCjAodV2zCuqXl0jirQ==, figureFileBig=UZDpEKigBd+CsLQ0ZQrKEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136204157145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=p9tz+9V27jwdgG/FKOQyaQ==, figureFileBig=PeKTPM978EvF2VVOIXQDrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136334180582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Summary diagram of pathway analysis with Met-PA. A: <i>Hippocampus</i> before processing; B: <i>Hippocampus</i> after processing , figureFileSmall=p9tz+9V27jwdgG/FKOQyaQ==, figureFileBig=PeKTPM978EvF2VVOIXQDrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960136460009716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Climbing index (CI)
Control 0.40 ± 0.05
RHL 0.54 ± 0.04
RHM 0.61 ± 0.04*
PBHL 0.61 ± 0.03**
PBHM 0.57 ± 0.02*
), ArticleFig(id=1198960136602616066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of Hippocampus on climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster before and after processing (n = 100, $\bar{x}$ ± s). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Climbing index (CI)
Control 0.40 ± 0.05
RHL 0.54 ± 0.04
RHM 0.61 ± 0.04*
PBHL 0.61 ± 0.03**
PBHM 0.57 ± 0.02*
), ArticleFig(id=1198960136816525585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Mating logarithmic Mating rate/% Mating time/min
Control 15 16 14.93 ± 1.15
RHL 20 20 17.45 ± 0.84
RHM 28 32 19.61 ± 0.80**
PBHL 26 28 20.08 ± 1.05**
PBHM 30 36 22.00 ± 0.78**
), ArticleFig(id=1198960137013657885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of Hippocampus on sexual activity of Drosophila melanogaster before and after processing (n = 50, $\bar{x}$ ± s). **P < 0.01 vs control group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group Mating logarithmic Mating rate/% Mating time/min
Control 15 16 14.93 ± 1.15
RHL 20 20 17.45 ± 0.84
RHM 28 32 19.61 ± 0.80**
PBHL 26 28 20.08 ± 1.05**
PBHM 30 36 22.00 ± 0.78**
), ArticleFig(id=1198960137164652840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Metabolite m/z tR/min Formula Ion VIP RHL/
Con
RHM/
Con
PBHL/Con PBHM/Con
1 N-Acetylhistamine 153.090 33 1.052 C7H11N3O [M+H]+ 1.10 * ** ** **
2 Adenine 135.054 46 1.056 C5H5N5 [M+H]+ 1.70 ** ** **
3 L-Acetylcarnitine 203.115 98 1.059 C9H17NO4 [M-H]- 1.30 **
4 Uric acid 168.028 36 1.059 C5H4N4O3 [M+H]+ 1.11 * *
5 L-Isoleucine 131.094 83 1.075 C6H13NO2 [M-H]- 1.44 **
6 L-Methionine 149.051 13 1.076 C5H11NO2S [M+H]+ 1.26 **
7 L-Histidine 155.069 67 1.293 C6H9N3O2 [M+H]+ 1.45 ** ** ** **
8 D-Maltose 342.116 16 1.355 C12H22O11 [M+H]+ 1.24 * ** *
9 Adenosine monophosphate 347.063 3 1.645 C10H14N5O7P [M+H]+ 1.40 ** ** ** **
10 L-Valine 117.079 21 1.646 C5H11NO2 [M-H]- 1.56 ** ** **
11 D-Glucose 180.063 41 1.798 C6H12O6 [M-H]- 1.28 ** ** ** **
12 D-Proline 115.063 64 1.799 C5H9NO2 [M-H]- 1.67 * ** **
13 L-Tyrosine 181.074 06 1.983 C9H11NO3 [M+H]+ 1.20 * * *
14 Inosine 268.080 94 2.568 C10H12N4O5 [M-H]- 1.01 *
15 D-Tryptophan 204.090 01 5.042 C11H12N2O2 [M+H]+ 1.32 * * *
16 LysoPC(18:3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)) 517.317 43 9.925 C26H48NO7P [M-H]- 1.39 ** **
17 LysoPC(16:0/0:0) 495.333 16 11.311 C24H50NO7P [M-H]- 1.73 ** ** **
), ArticleFig(id=1198960137261121844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628670769300137, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Differential metabolites in Drosophila melanogaster which were associated with aging d etected by UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS. ↑ and ↓ represent higher and lower level; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, control group vs drug delivery group; VIP: Variable importance for the projection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Metabolite m/z tR/min Formula Ion VIP RHL/
Con
RHM/
Con
PBHL/Con PBHM/Con
1 N-Acetylhistamine 153.090 33 1.052 C7H11N3O [M+H]+ 1.10 * ** ** **
2 Adenine 135.054 46 1.056 C5H5N5 [M+H]+ 1.70 ** ** **
3 L-Acetylcarnitine 203.115 98 1.059 C9H17NO4 [M-H]- 1.30 **
4 Uric acid 168.028 36 1.059 C5H4N4O3 [M+H]+ 1.11 * *
5 L-Isoleucine 131.094 83 1.075 C6H13NO2 [M-H]- 1.44 **
6 L-Methionine 149.051 13 1.076 C5H11NO2S [M+H]+ 1.26 **
7 L-Histidine 155.069 67 1.293 C6H9N3O2 [M+H]+ 1.45 ** ** ** **
8 D-Maltose 342.116 16 1.355 C12H22O11 [M+H]+ 1.24 * ** *
9 Adenosine monophosphate 347.063 3 1.645 C10H14N5O7P [M+H]+ 1.40 ** ** ** **
10 L-Valine 117.079 21 1.646 C5H11NO2 [M-H]- 1.56 ** ** **
11 D-Glucose 180.063 41 1.798 C6H12O6 [M-H]- 1.28 ** ** ** **
12 D-Proline 115.063 64 1.799 C5H9NO2 [M-H]- 1.67 * ** **
13 L-Tyrosine 181.074 06 1.983 C9H11NO3 [M+H]+ 1.20 * * *
14 Inosine 268.080 94 2.568 C10H12N4O5 [M-H]- 1.01 *
15 D-Tryptophan 204.090 01 5.042 C11H12N2O2 [M+H]+ 1.32 * * *
16 LysoPC(18:3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)) 517.317 43 9.925 C26H48NO7P [M-H]- 1.39 ** **
17 LysoPC(16:0/0:0) 495.333 16 11.311 C24H50NO7P [M-H]- 1.73 ** ** **
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基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS大海马延缓果蝇衰老的代谢机制研究
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王玉昆 1, 2 , 周添慧 1, 2 , 段丽娟 1, 2 , 张爱荣 3 , 秦雪梅 1, 2 , 高晓霞 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(7): 1812-1821
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(7): 1812-1821
基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS大海马延缓果蝇衰老的代谢机制研究
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王玉昆1, 2, 周添慧1, 2, 段丽娟1, 2, 张爱荣3, 秦雪梅1, 2, 高晓霞1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
  • 2.山西大学化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006
  • 3.山西广誉远国药有限公司, 山西 太谷 030800

通讯作者:

*高晓霞, Tel: 86-351-7019297, E-mail:
Based on the metabolic mechanism of UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS Hippocampus to delay the aging of Drosophila melanogaster
Yu-kun WANG1, 2, Tian-hui ZHOU1, 2, Li-juan DUAN1, 2, Ai-rong ZHANG3, Xue-mei QIN1, 2, Xiao-xia GAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2. The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 3. Shanxi Guangyuyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Taigu 030800, China
出版时间: 2023-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1178
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基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS代谢组学技术研究大海马对果蝇寿命的影响, 探究大海马干预后果蝇衰老进程中内源性代谢物的变化规律, 阐明大海马的抗衰老作用机制。采用果蝇自然衰老模型, 给予不同剂量的生品大海马与酥油炙大海马, 观察对果蝇寿命、攀爬能力、性活力及抗氧化酶活性的影响, 应用代谢组学技术对衰老果蝇的代谢轮廓分析, 探究大海马延缓果蝇衰老的作用机制。结果表明, 生品大海马、酥油炙大海马(1、4 mg·mL-1) 均能显著延长雄性果蝇的平均寿命、中位寿命和最高寿命, 可显著提高果蝇的攀爬能力与性活力, 提高过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT) 的含量和降低丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA) 的含量。通过代谢组学技术指认出大海马可以显著回调16种代谢物, 参与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、酪氨酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢、组氨酸代谢5条代谢通路。结果提示, 大海马可延缓果蝇衰老, 炮制后药效加强, 抗衰老机制与氨基酸代谢和糖代谢有关。本研究旨在为大海马的开发利用和阐明其在老年性疾病发挥作用提供充实的科学依据。本研究动物实验获得山西大学伦理委员会的批准(批准号: SXULL2021028)。

大海马  /  酥油炙  /  果蝇  /  延缓衰老  /  代谢组学

Based on the UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS metabonomics technology, the effect of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster was studied, and the change rule of endogenous metabolites in the aging process of Drosophila melanogaster after the intervention of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker japonicus was explored to clarify the anti-aging mechanism of Hippocampus. The natural aging model of Drosophila melanogaster was used. Different doses of raw Hippocampus and fried Hippocampus were given to observe the effects on the life span, climbing ability, sexual activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Drosophila melanogaster. Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS metabolomics technology, the metabolic profile of the aging Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed using metabonomics technology to explore the mechanism of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker delaying the aging of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that raw Hippocampus and crispy Hippocampus (1, 4 mg·mL-1) could significantly prolong the average life span, median life span and maximum life span of male fruit flies, and significantly improve the climbing ability and sexual vitality of fruit flies. Catalase (CAT) and aldehyde content were increased, while malonaldehyde (MDA) content was decreased. Through metabonomics technology, it was identified that the Hippocampus can significantly recall 16 metabolites and participate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. The anti-aging mechanism is related to amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism, which provides a substantial scientific basis for the development and utilization of Hippocampus and clarifying its role in senile diseases. The animal experiment of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (approval number: SXULL2021028).

Hippocampus kuda Bleeker  /  processed with butter  /  Drosophila melanogaster  /  anti-aging  /  metabolomics
王玉昆, 周添慧, 段丽娟, 张爱荣, 秦雪梅, 高晓霞. 基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS大海马延缓果蝇衰老的代谢机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1812 -1821 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1178
Yu-kun WANG, Tian-hui ZHOU, Li-juan DUAN, Ai-rong ZHANG, Xue-mei QIN, Xiao-xia GAO. Based on the metabolic mechanism of UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS Hippocampus to delay the aging of Drosophila melanogaster[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (7) : 1812 -1821 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1178
衰老是生命体在增龄过程中发生的退行性变化, 随着时间推移, 机体细胞、组织、器官功能均会逐渐衰退[1]。衰老是许多人类疾病的危险因素, 诸如心血管疾病、神经退行疾病、生殖功能减退[2]。中医药在衰老理论方面有诸多论述, 如肾虚衰老、脾虚衰老、阴阳虚损等, 认为肾精虚衰是衰老根本, 元气亏虚是衰老关键[3]。随着我国人口老龄化的发展及老年医学逐步从以治疗为中心向以康养为中心的转变, 在充分挖掘古老的中医药理论瑰宝的基础上, 明确中医药干预衰老的科学优势和科学内涵, 开展科学性、系统性、安全性和有效性的研究, 提高老年人生活质量已经成为人们研究的重点和方向。
大海马(Hippocampus kuda Bleeker) 来源于海龙科动物, 其形态具有马头蛇尾瓦楞身的特征, 最早记载于《本草拾遗》, 具有强身健体、温肾壮阳、舒筋活络等功效, 临床中被广泛应用在肾阳不足及肾虚衰老相关的疾病治疗中, 是补肾阳、延缓衰老的名贵中药材, 素有“南方人参”的别称[4]。现代研究表明, 大海马具有性激素样作用、延缓衰老、抗氧化、增强学习功能、降血压、降血脂、抗疲劳等作用[5]。在临床使用中海马大多经炮制后入药, 主要炮制方法有酒炙、滑石粉炙、酥油炙等, 研究发现经炮制后的效果颇佳[6]。本课题组前期有应用1H-NMR和GC-MS代谢组学技术针对不同品种海马及酥油炙炮前后的化学成分进行系统表征和分析, 发现酥油前后多种化学成分发生显著变化, 并且炮制后海马个体间含量稳定, 并且在复方中的均一性良好[7]。但是针对大海马发挥抗衰老的作用机制尚不清晰, 亟待进一步系统化探索和深入研究。
代谢组学强调把机体作为一个完整系统进行研究, 通过监测生命系统中代谢网络的动态变化, 从机体代谢角度研究疾病或药物干预导致的机体变化规律, 可用于发现疾病生物标志物以及探索生命系统与药物之间复杂效应关系的有效工具[8]。果蝇具有寿命周期短, 繁殖快的特点, 并且在代谢途径与生理功能类似于哺乳动物, 被广泛应用于研究衰老、神经退行疾病、毒理学模型等研究中[9, 10]。因此, 本研究基于果蝇为模式生物, 旨在通过观察海马炮制前后对果蝇寿命的影响来评价海马抗衰老的活性, 并以果蝇生殖能力、攀爬能力、性活力以及抗氧化为指标多层次、多角度分析大海马的抗衰老活性及其炮制前后的延缓衰老作用比较。进一步通过研究大海马对果蝇内源性代谢产物的影响, 探索大海马炮制前后延缓果蝇衰老的作用机制, 以期能够为海马药材的充分开发利用提供科学依据。
实验动物  果蝇品系: W1118系白眼黑腹果蝇, 山西大学应用生物学研究所提供, 在25 ℃、75 %相对湿度, 自然昼夜节律光照的智能人工气候箱中培养。将CO2气体通入果蝇培养瓶中将其致晕, 在通有CO2的脱脂棉上, 分取雄性并收集。动物实验遵循山西大学动物伦理委员会的规定并通过动物实验伦理审查(批准号: SXULL2021028)。
仪器与主要试剂  UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS (Thermo-Fisher Scientific美国); 电子天平(型号: FA2004, 上海良平仪器仪表有限公司); 人工气候箱(型号: MGC-HP, 上海一恒科技有限公司); 立式压力蒸汽灭菌器(型号: LDZX-30KBS, 上海申安医疗器械厂); 高通量组织研磨仪(型号: DHFSTPRP-24, 宁波洛尚智能科技有限公司); 高速冷冻离心机(型号: Neofuge 13R, 上海立申科学仪器有限公司); 多功能酶标仪(型号: Infinite M200 Pro, 瑞士Tecan公司); Milli-Q纯水仪(美国Millipore公司); 果蝇培养管(高9.4 cm, 内径2.6 cm, 北京中创宏达科技有限公司); HPLC级乙腈、HPLC级甲酸(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。蔗糖与丙酸, 分析纯, 购自天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司; 市售玉米粉; 琼脂, 分析纯, 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司; 食品级酵母粉, 购自安琪酵母股份有限公司; 过氧化氢酶试剂盒(CAT, A007-1-1)、丙二醛试剂盒(MDA, A003-1-2), 购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
大海马生品, 炮制大海马(酥油炙) 均由山西广誉远国药有限公司提供, 大海马经山西大学中医药现代研究中心主任秦雪梅鉴定为2020版《中国药典》所收录的正品大海马(Hippocampus kuda Bleeker) 的干燥体, 保存于山西大学中医药现代研究中心。将生品、炮制大海马研磨, 过药典5号筛, 得大海马药材粉末。
培养基的制备  将10 g琼脂、70 g蔗糖、85 g玉米粉加适量蒸馏水溶解煮沸, 并加入18 g酵母粉搅拌煮沸, 并加入5 mL丙酸制成1 000 mL基础培养基。在基础培养基中分别添加生品大海马低剂量(raw Hippocampus, RHL, 1 mg·mL-1)、中剂量(RHM, 4 mg·mL-1)、高剂量(RHH, 16 mg·mL-1) 和酥油炙大海马低剂量(processed with butter Hippocampus, PBHL, 1 mg·mL-1)、中剂量(PBHM, 4 mg·mL-1)、高剂量(PBHH, 16 mg·mL-1) 制成含药培养基。
果蝇寿命实验  收集3 d内羽化的雄性果蝇, 使用基础培养基培养至30天龄时随机分组, 即对照组(control)、生品大海马低剂量组(RHL, 1 mg·mL-1)、生品大海马中剂量组(RHM, 4 mg·mL-1)、生品大海马高剂量组(RHH, 16 mg·mL-1)、炮制大海马低剂量组(PBHL, 1 mg·mL-1)、炮制大海马中剂量组(PBHM, 4 mg·mL-1)、炮制大海马高剂量组(PBHL, 16 mg·mL-1)。对照组使用空白培养基培养, 给药组在各给药培养基中培养。每组果蝇约200只, 隔3天为果蝇更换一次新鲜培养基, 每日记录果蝇死亡状况直至全部死亡, 意外死亡果蝇不作统计。每组果蝇的平均存活天数计为平均寿命, 每组最后剩余10%果蝇的存活天数算术平均数计为最高寿命。
攀爬实验  收集3天内羽化的雄性果蝇, 平均分为5组, 即对照组(Control)、RH低剂量组(RHL, 1 mg·mL-1)、RH中剂量组(RHM, 4 mg·mL-1)、PBH低剂量组(PBHL, 1 mg·mL-1)、PBH中剂量组(PBHM, 4 mg·mL-1)。每组果蝇100只。在各自培养基培养15天后, 将待测果蝇平均装入高22 cm、内径3.2 cm的测定管中, 饥饿2 h后轻晃管, 使果蝇置于底部。统计20 s内果蝇垂直爬行距离大于15 cm的果蝇数量(A), 计算攀附指数(climbing index, CI) = A/总数[11]。实验分别进行3次, 每次间隔20 min。
性活力实验  收集8 h内羽化的果蝇, 分为5组, 分组同攀爬实验。雌雄果蝇各50只, 每组50对, 在各自培养基中连续培养15天后做性活力测定。将同一实验组果蝇平均分为5管, 每管10对果蝇, 雌雄果蝇各10只置于同一测定管中, 记录60 min内交配的果蝇对数、交配时间。如果60 min后交尾果蝇没有分开, 则等其自然分开并记录交尾时长[12]
大海马抗氧化酶活性测定实验  收集3天内羽化的雄性果蝇, 平均分为5组, 分组同攀爬实验。每组果蝇约为100只, 在各自培养基培养15天后分别放入干净灭菌的培养管中饥饿, 2 h后使用液氮速冻, 收集果蝇样本并保存在-80 ℃冰箱。将20只果蝇样本转入2 mL EP管中, 称重后按比例加入生理盐水, 加入在冰箱预冷的钢珠, 使用组织研磨仪快速匀至均质。迅速放入高速冷冻离心机中离心(4 ℃, 3 500 r·min-1, 10 min), 吸取上清液备用, 即为10%组织匀浆液。按照各试剂盒说明书进行果蝇体内测定过氧化氢酶和丙二醛的含量。
果蝇代谢组学实验
分组及给药  收集72 h内羽化的雄果蝇成虫, 随机分为15天衰老组对照组(control)、15天衰老果蝇+ 1 mg·mL-1 RHL、15天衰老果蝇+ 4 mg·mL-1 RHM、15天衰老果蝇+ 1 mg·mL-1 PBHL、15天衰老果蝇+ 4 mg·mL-1 PBHM。以基础培养基喂养15天衰老组, 以含海马药物的培养基喂养的15天果蝇为衰老给药组。
果蝇样本收集  取果蝇样本10只, 加入200 μL的提取溶剂(甲醇∶水= 4∶1), 放入冰箱预冷的钢珠, 使用组织研磨仪充分研磨, 高速离心(4 ℃, 13 000 ×g, 20 min) 后取上清转移至新的EP管中, 于4 ℃冰箱静置过夜, 再次离心(4 ℃, 3 500 r·min-1, 20 min) 后取上清待测。从每个待测样品中吸取10 μL混匀, 即为QC样本。
色谱条件  采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) 色谱柱, 流动相: A (水, 含0.1%甲酸)、B (乙腈, 含0.1%甲酸), 流动相梯度为0~1.5 min, 3% B; 1.5~5 min, 4%~49% B; 5~8 min, 49%~65 % B; 8~10 min, 65%~70% B; 10~15 min, 70%~75% B; 15~17 min, 75%~98% B; 17~20 min, 98% B; 20~24 min, 98%~3% B。流速为0.2 mL·min-1, 进样量为5 μL, 柱温为40 ℃。
质谱条件  采用电喷雾离子源(ESI), 采集模式为正离子模式与负离子模式, 离子源温度550 ℃; 雾化气体N2, 辅助气Gas1为55 kPa, 辅助气Gas2为55 kPa, 气帘气Cur Gas为30 kPa; 裂解电压为±60 V, 碰撞能量为±35 eV, 碰撞能量扩展均为15 eV, 质量扫描范围: m/z 100~1 500。
LC-MS数据处理  将获得的LC-MS/MS原始数据导入Compound Discoverer 3.0软件(Thermo公司, 美国) 以获得匹配和对齐的峰值数据。主要参数为质量范围100~1 500 Da; 质量偏差5 ppm; 信噪比阔3。将从Compound Discoverer 3.0软件导出的数据在Excel 2016中进行总峰面积归一化处理, 并将归一化后的数据导入SIMCA-P 14.1软件(Umetrics公司, 瑞典) 进行主成分分析(PCA), 偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA) 和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)。结合S-plot图中VIP > 1及t检验(P < 0.05) 筛选大海马给药组与模型组之间显著改变的差异变量。根据在线数据库并结合二级碎片离子对筛选出的差异变量进行指认鉴定: Metlin(http://metlin.scripps.edu), HMDB(http://www.hmdb.ca), Massbank(http://www.massbank.jp), Pubchem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Lipid Maps(http://www.silvermaps.org), 使用Met PA(http://metpa.metabolomics.ca) 进行代谢通路富集分析, 并使用KEGG(http://www.kegg.jp) 及相关文献报道对生物标志物所涉及的代谢通路进行分析。
统计分析  本实验数据使用SPSS statistics 16.0、Graphpad Prism 7.0、Excel 2016等软件处理。结果以均值±标准误($\bar{x}$ ± s) 表示。空白对照组与给药组间生存率比较采用Log-rank检验, 两组间比较采用t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, 以P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
大海马炮制前后对果蝇寿命的影响结果如图 1所示。结果显示, 1和4 mg·mL-1的生品大海马与炮制大海马均可显著延长果蝇的平均寿命和最高寿命(P < 0.05)。16 mg·mL-1的生品大海马与炮制大海马对果蝇寿命无延长作用。与对照组相比, 1 mg·mL-1的生品大海马可提高果蝇的平均寿命7.28%, 提高中位寿命4.26%, 提高最高寿命6.10% (P < 0.05); 4 mg·mL-1的生品大海马可提高果蝇的平均寿命15.42%, 提高中位寿命10.64%, 提高最高寿命10.99% (P < 0.01); 1 mg·mL-1的炮制大海马可提高果蝇的平均寿命16.65%, 提高中位寿命10.64%, 提高最高寿命10.01% (P < 0.01); 4 mg·mL-1的炮制大海马可提高果蝇的平均寿命8.46%, 提高中位寿命4.26%, 提高最高寿命3.04% (P < 0.05)。实验结果显示, 中、低剂量的生品大海马与炮制大海马均可显著延长果蝇寿命, 故低剂量与中剂量为有效剂量, 后续实验对低、中剂量进行考察。中剂量的生品大海马与低剂量的炮制大海马延长寿命效果更佳, 提示大海马在炮制后药效可能增强。
大海马炮制前后对15天果蝇攀爬能力的影响结果如表 1所示。结果显示, 与对照组相比, 4 mg·mL-1的生品大海马与1、4 mg·mL-1的炮制大海马均可提高果蝇的攀爬能力, 且差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05), 中剂量生品大海马与低剂量炮制大海马提高果蝇的攀爬能力效果相当。
大海马炮制前后对果蝇性活力的影响结果如表 2所示。与对照组相比, 中低剂量的生品大海马与炮制大海马均可不同程度地提高果蝇的交配率。与对照组相比, 中剂量生品大海马与低剂量、中剂量炮制大海马均可延长果蝇的交配时间, 且差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。
大海马炮制前后对15天果蝇体内CAT活力与MDA含量的影响如图 2所示。与对照组相比, 中剂量(4 mg·mL-1) 的生品大海马与炮制大海马均可提高果蝇体内CAT的活力(P < 0.01), 低剂量(1 mg·mL-1) 组果蝇的CAT活力有上调趋势而差异无统计学意义。与对照组相比, 中剂量生品大海马与低、中剂量的炮制大海马均可降低果蝇体内MDA的含量, 且差异具有显著性(P < 0.05)。实验结果表明, 大海马具有抗氧化的作用。
果蝇样本的离子流色谱图通过UPLC-MS/MS的正、负离子模式获得。在批量样本进样分析过程中, 每随机进6针样品进一针QC, 以监测LC-MS稳定性。从6针QC样品分别提取10个离子, 分别计算10个离子的保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD值, 用来监督LC-MS系统的稳定性。结果显示, 10个提取离子tR的RSD为0.06%~0.26%, 相对峰面积的RSD为4.56%~12.04%, 结果表明本研究所建立的分析方法的重复性和稳定性符合大批量血清样本代谢组学的分析要求。
UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS获得代谢组学数据后, 通过PLS-DA分析确定各组果蝇代谢物轮廓的差异。结果表明, 给予大海马生品及炮制品后果蝇代谢轮廓发生了显著变化。在PLS-DA模型评分图上观察到各组果蝇中代谢轮廓发生的明显分离。
为了更加直观反映大海马对果蝇衰老代谢物的调节作用, 通过分别构建大海马炮制前后的PLS-DA模型验证实验对各组进行代谢轮廓分析, 通过参数R2Q2分析模型的可靠性和过度拟合程度。图 3AC为大海马炮制前后给予衰老果蝇样本的PLS-DA图, 清晰地看到给予大海马后与原衰老组果蝇显著分开, 表明代谢轮廓发生明显变化, 如图 3BD所示, 炮制前大海马给予果蝇PLS-DA模型的R2 = 0.917, Q2 = 0.757, 大海马炮制后PLS-DA模型的R2 = 0.991, Q2 = 0.881, 且Q2交与Y轴负轴, 表明模型稳定良好, 不存在过拟合现象。上述结果表明, 大海马能够调节衰老果蝇体内代谢轮廓, 发挥改善衰老的作用。并结合VIP > 1, 及t检验(P < 0.05) 筛选进一步对大海马炮制前后对体内代谢物的显著差异变量。
根据果蝇代谢物的质荷比、分子式、二级碎片离子、保留时间, 并结合在线数据库对各组之间显著变化的代谢物进行鉴定, 共指认出17个大海马延缓果蝇衰老潜在的差异代谢物(表 3)。生品大海马能够显著调节衰老果蝇体内10种代谢物, 包括肌苷、L-缬氨酸、D-葡萄糖、N-乙酰组胺、腺嘌呤、组氨酸、D-麦芽糖、磷酸腺苷、脯氨酸、LysoPC(16:0/0:0) 等代谢物。炮制后大海马能够显著回调衰老果蝇体内16代谢物, 包括L-缬氨酸、D-葡萄糖、N-乙酰组胺、腺嘌呤、组氨酸、D-麦芽糖、磷酸腺苷、脯氨酸、尿酸、L-乙酰基肉碱、L-异亮氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-酪氨酸、D-色氨酸、LysoPC(18:3(9Z、12Z、15Z))、LysoPC(16:0/0:0) 等。结果表明, 给予大海马药物后, 衰老果蝇的代谢物可以被明显调节, 代谢紊乱的情况可以得到改善(图 4)。在差异代谢物的相对含量热图(图 5), 可以清楚观察到各组之间的代谢物变化水平, 这一结果也反映了给予衰老果蝇大海马药物后, 可以显著调节其中氨基酸、脂质类代谢物的水平。但是炮制前的低剂量组改善回调代谢物相对不明显, 而大海马炮制前(4 mg·mL-1) 和炮制后(1和4 mg·mL-1) 都显示出较好的调节作用, 提示海马炮制后可能具有增效的作用。与此同时, 炮制后回调的衰老果蝇体内代谢物相对增加(图 6), 主要包括尿酸、L-乙酰基肉碱、L-异亮氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-酪氨酸、D-色氨酸、LysoPC(18:3(9Z、12Z、15Z)) 等代谢物。
将通过代谢组学技术找到的大海马显著回调果蝇衰老的17种生物标志物导入Metaboanalyst 5.0数据库中进行代谢通路分析。代谢通路影响值(impact value) > 0.1的通路被视为贡献值较大的通路, 最终发现涉及6条代谢通路。大海马炮制后改善果蝇衰老的代谢通路如图 7A, 主要包括苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、酪氨酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢、组氨酸代谢等5条代谢通路。大海马炮制前改善果蝇衰老的代谢物涉及组氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢2条代谢通路。以上结果提示大海马炮制后可能通过更多途径改善果蝇机体的衰老, 总的来说, 大海马炮制后改善果蝇衰老涉及代谢通路更全面。
衰老是涉及多系统、多组织的复杂退化过程, 中医上认为肾虚是衰老发生的生理基础和根本原因, 肾主生长发育和生殖通过肾精和肾气的生理功能体现[13]。研究表明, 肾功能下降和氨基酸代谢紊乱是衰老的主要特征[14]。大海马作为临床上常用的温补肾阳的中药, 可以增强机体免疫能力, 发挥延缓衰老、改善性活力的作用[15]。本研究基于果蝇自然衰老的生物模型, 发现给予大海马药物后其可延长果蝇的平均寿命, 提高最高寿命, 并且大海马可以显著提升果蝇攀爬能力、延长交配时间, 增强果蝇机体力量和提高性活力, 同时显著提高果蝇的CAT活力, 显著降低MDA含量, 通过提高果蝇清除自由基的能力来延缓衰老。在寿命实验和行为学研究中发现生品大海马中剂量(4 mg·mL-1) 与炮制后大海马低剂量(1 mg·mL-1) 对果蝇机能的抗衰老效果几近相当, 从多层次、多角度提示海马炮制后药效增强。
在衰老过程中, 不同的代谢途径发挥着不同的作用, 通过一些中间产物的联系, 各种代谢通路之间形成相互联系、相互协调和相互制约的代谢网络, 共同调节生理机能[16]。为了进一步探究大海马炮制前后延缓果蝇衰老的作用机制, 本研究采用UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS技术和多元统计分析方法, 基于代谢组学系统比较大海马炮制前后延缓果蝇衰老的生物代谢物, 结果发现大海马延缓果蝇衰老的16种生物标志物, 并且衰老影响果蝇的代谢通路有5条, 分别是苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、组氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、酪氨酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢。
氨基酸作为蛋白质合成基本组成单位, 参与人体生长、繁殖和免疫所必需的关键代谢途径, 当机体衰老时体内氨基酸代谢紊乱[17]。异亮氨酸和缬氨酸同为支链氨基酸, 在调节机体能量代谢平衡方面起着重要的作用[18]。苯丙氨酸作为一种必需氨基酸, 能去除氧自由基, 在体内大部分经由羟化酶生成酪氨酸, 并且可以跟酪氨酸一起合成重要的激素和神经递质, 参与机体糖脂代谢[19]。色氨酸在多种与衰老相关的生物系统中起着重要作用, 含量与年龄呈负相关, 并且研究也发现在肥胖、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化和其他年龄相关性代谢性疾病中的色氨酸水平也有所降低[20-22]。研究表明, 因衰老生物体内蛋白质和激素等合成速度降低, 肠道菌群代谢活动紊乱, 所以可能吸收缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸等必需氨基酸用于自身合成蛋白, 进而导致这些氨基酸的含量下降, 影响机体正常代谢循环, 加剧组织及器官的衰老[23]。本研究中, 衰老果蝇机体内的异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸等果蝇机内的氨基酸代谢紊乱。给予生品大海马后, 能够显著回调缬氨酸、色氨酸的水平, 而经炮制后的大海马可以显著回调酪氨酸、色氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的水平, 表明炮制后大海马发挥延缓衰老作用更为全面, 同时异亮氨酸、酪氨酸代谢可能是大海马炮制后增强延缓衰老作用的潜在机制之一。
蛋氨酸是构成人体的必需氨基酸之一, 因其不能在体内自身生成, 所以必须由外部获得[24]。如果蛋氨酸缺乏就会导致体内蛋白质合成受阻, 造成机体损害。体内氧自由基造成的膜脂质过度氧化是导致机体多种损害的原因, 而蛋氨酸通过多种途径来抗击这些损害[25]。本研究发现给予经炮制后大海马后, 可以显著回调蛋氨酸的水平, 然而生品大海马能够回调但没有显著性差异, 提示大海马炮制后通过调节果蝇机体的蛋氨酸代谢途径发挥延缓衰老, 可以作为炮制增效的潜在药效标志物之一。
葡萄糖是维持人体活动能量的重要来源, 参与淀粉和蔗糖的代谢[18], 同时由于机体的衰老引起体内能量代谢的功能出现失调[26]。本研究中衰老果蝇体内淀粉和蔗糖代谢出现明显异常, 给予大海马炮制前后的药物可以显著调节衰老果蝇体内的葡萄糖, 与此同时, 在行为学实验中发现大海马能够提升果蝇的攀附指数, 具有增强机体力量的作用, 二者结合提示大海马可以调节衰老果蝇的糖代谢紊乱, 发挥增强衰老机体的作用。
基于以上, 本研究将延缓衰老、性活力、抗氧化三者系统地联系起来, 并进一步利用代谢组学技术全面系统表征大海马延缓果蝇衰老的代谢机制, 从整体观角度来考察大海马干预果蝇机体衰老的代谢变化的规律, 充分体现中医药整体调节的特点。本研究只是基于果蝇生物模型进行研究, 在未来的研究中可以选取更多的生物模型进行系统性、多层次、全方位进行研究, 进一步探讨大海马延缓衰老的作用机制, 运用符合中医药发展规律的现代科学技术, 阐明中医药在老年性疾病中的优势作用, 为大海马的开发利用提供充实的科学依据。
作者贡献: 高晓霞、秦雪梅、张爱荣负责实验思路设计; 王玉昆、段丽娟负责完成主要的实验部分; 王玉昆、周添慧、段丽娟负责完成实验数据及文章撰写; 高晓霞负责指导论文撰写与修改。
利益冲突: 本文研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 山西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021C033)
  • 名优晋药再开发山西省重点实验室(202104010910001)
  • 地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(201605D111004)
  • 山西中医药大学科技创新团队(2022TD2007)
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2023年第58卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1178
  • 接收时间:2022-11-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-03
  • 修回日期:2023-02-02
基金
山西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021C033)
名优晋药再开发山西省重点实验室(202104010910001)
地产中药功效物质研究与利用山西省重点实验室(201605D111004)
山西中医药大学科技创新团队(2022TD2007)
作者信息
    1.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006
    2.山西大学化学生物学与分子工程教育部重点实验室, 山西 太原 030006
    3.山西广誉远国药有限公司, 山西 太谷 030800

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*高晓霞, Tel: 86-351-7019297, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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