Article(id=1198628668726673968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1293, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669651200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-29, revisedDate=1683302400000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704944067, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1689091200000, pubDateStr=2023-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704944067, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704944067, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704944067, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628666650493481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704943573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137716668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832456644490123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628666650493481, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1894, endPage=1903, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628668978332213, articleId=1198628668726673968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Anti-osteoporosis mechanism of
Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model and metabonomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoporotic activity and mechanism of action of extract of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model combined with metabolomics technology. A zebrafish model of prednisolone-induced osteoporosis was used to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of Panax quiquefolium L., and the expression of osteoblast-associated genes and osteoclast-associated genes in zebrafish was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), using bone fluorescence area and fluorescence density as evaluation indexes. Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to explore the change patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected. The results showed that the 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. from Jilin, Canada, Wenden and the United States can significantly improve the bone fluorescence area of zebrafish compared with model group. Furthermore, four sources 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. except United States also can significantly improve the bone fluorescence density of zebrafish. In addition, PCR showed that extract of Panax quiquefolium L. can significantly up-regulated the expression of vitamin D receptor b (vdrb), collagen type I α2 (col1a2) and cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc) genes, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap) and cathepsin K (ctsk) genes. Metabolomic analysis identified 24 key differential metabolites. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that Panax quiquefolium L. could regulate the levels of 10 key biomarkers by participating in purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism and improve the osteoporosis status of zebrafish. This study preliminically revealed the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of 50% ethanol extract from Panax quiquefolium L. through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway and also provides theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of anti-osteoporosis products of Panax quiquefolium L. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Sciences (approval number: SWS20181002).
, correspAuthors=Shan-shan ZHANG, Xiao-bin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue-zi QIU, Chuan-sen WANG, Feng-hua XU, Xuan-ming ZHANG, Li-zhen WANG, Pei-hai LI, Ke-chun LIU, Peng-fei TU, Hou-wen LIN, Shan-shan ZHANG, Xiao-bin LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628670379229829, articleId=1198628668726673968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于斑马鱼模型和代谢组学技术的西洋参抗骨质疏松作用机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本研究基于斑马鱼模型结合代谢组学技术探究西洋参提取物抗骨质疏松活性及其作用机制。采用泼尼松龙诱导的骨质疏松斑马鱼模型, 以骨骼荧光面积和荧光密度为评价指标, 开展西洋参的抗骨质疏松活性研究, 实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR) 检测西洋参对斑马鱼成骨细胞相关基因及破骨细胞相关基因表达的影响, 基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS) 的代谢组学技术探讨其生物标志物的变化规律和影响的代谢通路。结果表明, 与模型组相比, 中国吉林、加拿大、中国文登、美国产的西洋参50%乙醇提取物均可显著提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光面积, 除美国产西洋参外, 其余产地西洋参50%乙醇提取物均可显著提高斑马鱼骨骼荧光密度。PCR结果表明, 西洋参可显著上调vitamin D receptor b (vdrb)、collagen type I α2 (col1a2)、cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc), 下调matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9)、anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap)、cathepsin K (ctsk) 基因的表达。代谢组学分析鉴定出24个关键差异代谢物, 通路分析表明西洋参可通过参与嘌呤代谢、三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖代谢途径, 回调10个关键生物质量标志物含量, 从而改善斑马鱼骨质疏松状态。本研究初步揭示了西洋参50%醇提物通过多靶点、多通路发挥抗骨质疏松活性, 为西洋参抗骨质疏松产品的开发利用提供理论基础。本实验获得山东省科学院生物研究所实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: SWS20181002)。
, correspAuthors=张姗姗, 李晓彬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=yxr5tqYYFPnePa/mDqCNCg==, magXml=3aLDyyt8bVyWNvcGAq9YCA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hHEikxfdxdKLvHyy0595Sg==, pdfFileSize=4243613, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/8nL3pzYItpjeatoWpZ9CQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HKJeH8EglzK3C8UkxKHpAw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=邱钺姿, 王传森, 徐凤华, 张轩铭, 王利振, 李培海, 刘可春, 屠鹏飞, 林厚文, 张姗姗, 李晓彬)}, authors=[Author(id=1198960096232436045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960096391819617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, authorId=1198960096232436045, language=EN, stringName=Yue-zi QIU, firstName=Yue-zi, middleName=null, lastName=QIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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1, 2, address=1.齐鲁工业大学 (山东省科学院), 山东省科学院生物研究所, 山东 济南 250103
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1, 2, address=1. Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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1, 2, address=1.齐鲁工业大学 (山东省科学院), 山东省科学院生物研究所, 山东 济南 250103
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3, address=3. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198960097352315345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, authorId=1198960097130017203, language=CN, stringName=徐凤华, firstName=凤华, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=3.青岛大学基础医学院, 山东 青岛 266000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960095200637185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095213220098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, companyId=1198960095200637185, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960095569735968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, companyId=1198960095200637185, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.青岛大学基础医学院, 山东 青岛 266000)])]), Author(id=1198960097486533092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198960097687859701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, authorId=1198960097486533092, language=EN, stringName=Xuan-ming ZHANG, firstName=Xuan-ming, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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1, 2, address=1.齐鲁工业大学 (山东省科学院), 山东省科学院生物研究所, 山东 济南 250103
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1, 2, address=1. Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
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Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960096098218302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, companyId=1198960095859142969, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院, 上海 200127)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198960103203368993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cNtEyIruhIWKJoS+I1lXcg==, figureFileBig=WV+rkwpas6nw2MVdpht58w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103350169645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Effect of extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. from different origins on the skeletal developmental status of zebrafish. n = 10. Ctl: Blank group; PD: 4 μg·mL-1 prednisolone group; ED: 25 μg·mL-1 etidronate disodium group; CWD: Panax quiquefolium L. extract in Wendeng, China; US: American Panax quiquefolium L. extract; CAN: Canada Panax quiquefolium L. extract; CJL: Panax quiquefolium L. extract in Jilin, China , figureFileSmall=cNtEyIruhIWKJoS+I1lXcg==, figureFileBig=WV+rkwpas6nw2MVdpht58w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103543107639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HxJX52yeVL6Y6WXmx2p8Ig==, figureFileBig=TWYclyppjTh6xUZ7zW9nbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103702491202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Statistical results of the effect of different origins of Panax quiquefolium L. extract on the fluorescence area and skeletal IOD (integrated optical density) of zebrafish skeleton. A: The fluorescence area of the bones; B: The skeletal IOD of the bones. n = 10, $\bar{x}$ ± s. ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs Ctl; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs PD , figureFileSmall=HxJX52yeVL6Y6WXmx2p8Ig==, figureFileBig=TWYclyppjTh6xUZ7zW9nbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960103895429201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qhpASN/E/RB1iyLXfAokdw==, figureFileBig=8LBsijaLFYsXJQuX+VM9Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104071589979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Effects of Panax quiquefolium L. extract on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast related genes in zebrafish treated with PD. n = 30, $\bar{x}$ ± s. ####P < 0.000 1 vs Ctl; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs PD , figureFileSmall=qhpASN/E/RB1iyLXfAokdw==, figureFileBig=8LBsijaLFYsXJQuX+VM9Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104243556452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EcVI1Cuk5kqxCtfUHHD35Q==, figureFileBig=dZXlwerIYZmQ5gigchGjGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104436494446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
PCA score plot (A), PLS-DA score plot (B), PLS-DA model verification plot (C) and S-plot based on OPLS-DA model (D) of metabolites of zebrafish in Ctl, PD, CJL, CAN, US and CWD group in positive mode; PCA score plot (E), PLS-DA score plot (F), PLS-DA model verification plot (G) and S-plot based on OPLS-DA (H) model of metabolites of zebrafish in Ctl, PD, CJL, CAN, US and CWD group in negative mode , figureFileSmall=EcVI1Cuk5kqxCtfUHHD35Q==, figureFileBig=dZXlwerIYZmQ5gigchGjGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104633626746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=REALtT2Qs7AbuxzU4H66Fw==, figureFileBig=GetgDTXSAE5Kh3jPY55KtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104780427398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Relative percentage contents of 50 differential metabolites in Ctl, PD, CJL, CAN, US and CWD. ☆Indicates the short name for compound. Carbonitrile is 4-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile. Acetamide is N-1-[4-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-acetamide. Pentanoic acid is 3-methyl-5-oxo-5-(4-toluidino)-pentanoic acid. Isophthalonitrile is 2-(4-aminophenoxy)-isophthalonitrile. ####P < 0.000 1 vs Ctl; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs PD , figureFileSmall=REALtT2Qs7AbuxzU4H66Fw==, figureFileBig=GetgDTXSAE5Kh3jPY55KtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960104927228050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SaK8WzOCJctszSRGGr3cJQ==, figureFileBig=j1Py4/4WWLy/oC0R+887+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105078223001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Metabolic pathway analysis of the key biomarkers , figureFileSmall=SaK8WzOCJctszSRGGr3cJQ==, figureFileBig=j1Py4/4WWLy/oC0R+887+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960105229217956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primer | Forward primer (5'-3') | Reverse primer (5'-3') |
| β-actin | AGAGCTATGAGCTGCCTGACG | CCGCAAGATTCCATACCCA |
| ctsk | CGTCACTTCGGTGAAGAACC | ACAGTCCACCAGGTTCTGAG |
| trap | GGCCAAGTCCAAAGCTGATT | CGGATATGGACCACACTGGA |
| vdrb | TTTCACGCTTCAGACCTCCAG | AAGCCCTGCTCCTGGTACAT |
| colla2 | CAAGGAGTCTGCATGTCGGT | TCCCTTAGGACCCCTCTCAC |
| mmp9 | CAGAGAGGAAAAGGCAAGGTG | AGGAATACATCATGTGAATCAATG |
| sparc | AAGCCATTGAGGTCGTGGAG | TGTTAGTGCCGCAGACATGC |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105417961648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Primers sequence. vdrb: Vitamin D receptor b; col1a2: Collagen type I α2; sparc: Cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein; mmp9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9; trap: Anti-tartrase acid phosphatase; ctsk: Cathepsin K
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primer | Forward primer (5'-3') | Reverse primer (5'-3') |
| β-actin | AGAGCTATGAGCTGCCTGACG | CCGCAAGATTCCATACCCA |
| ctsk | CGTCACTTCGGTGAAGAACC | ACAGTCCACCAGGTTCTGAG |
| trap | GGCCAAGTCCAAAGCTGATT | CGGATATGGACCACACTGGA |
| vdrb | TTTCACGCTTCAGACCTCCAG | AAGCCCTGCTCCTGGTACAT |
| colla2 | CAAGGAGTCTGCATGTCGGT | TCCCTTAGGACCCCTCTCAC |
| mmp9 | CAGAGAGGAAAAGGCAAGGTG | AGGAATACATCATGTGAATCAATG |
| sparc | AAGCCATTGAGGTCGTGGAG | TGTTAGTGCCGCAGACATGC |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105577345209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Relative percentage contents /% | | Trend |
| Ctl | PD | CJL | CAN | US | CWD | PD vs Ctl | CJL vs PD | CAN vs PD | US vs PD | CWD vs PD |
| (±) 11-HETE | 1.797 9 | 1.496 7 | 1.874 1 | 1.424 4 | 1.587 8 | 1.611 3 | | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
| N-Acetylaspartic acid | 2.301 7 | 3.257 8 | 1.883 9 | 2.708 0 | 2.645 0 | 2.576 3 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| α-D-Mannose 1-phosphate | 2.420 7 | 1.062 2 | 1.166 6 | 1.944 9 | 2.541 8 | 1.772 0 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Oleic acid | 1.618 9 | 1.072 3 | 1.547 5 | 1.463 1 | 1.313 4 | 1.714 6 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| N-Acetyl-D-glutamic acid | 0.924 2 | 1.212 0 | 0.964 6 | 0.751 9 | 0.718 1 | 1.074 4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Histidine | 0.624 6 | 1.714 7 | 0.741 2 | 0.580 1 | 0.737 4 | 0.610 6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| D-Ribulose 5-phosphate | 0.387 1 | 1.491 9 | 0.480 1 | 0.427 8 | 0.405 5 | 0.543 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| LysoPE 18:0 | 0.846 4 | 0.576 4 | 0.724 2 | 0.908 4 | 0.705 5 | 0.933 2 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Gluconic acid | 0.223 1 | 0.773 5 | 0.143 5 | 0.453 3 | 0.198 6 | 0.326 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| 4-Amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 0.281 0 | 0.630 4 | 0.120 1 | 0.215 5 | 0.292 2 | 0.096 6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid | 0.353 5 | 0.523 3 | 0.363 8 | 0.395 3 | 0.408 6 | 0.409 3 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| LPC 20:5 | 0.198 6 | 0.298 6 | 0.231 3 | 0.174 7 | 0.145 0 | 0.335 7 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| LPE 20:5 | 0.168 1 | 0.213 7 | 0.176 0 | 0.139 2 | 0.096 9 | 0.293 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | 0.106 3 | 0.206 4 | 0.197 5 | 0.127 2 | 0.104 0 | 0.209 5 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate | 0.057 2 | 0.293 2 | 0.150 7 | 0.133 8 | 0.139 9 | 0.083 8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Phosphoenolpyruvic acid | 0.094 3 | 0.179 0 | 0.098 3 | 0.100 9 | 0.129 8 | 0.088 5 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Thymidine 5'-monophosphate | 0.071 2 | 0.122 8 | 0.082 9 | 0.059 4 | 0.079 7 | 0.053 8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Citric acid | 0.016 5 | 0.119 1 | 0.014 0 | 0.040 3 | 0.050 3 | 0.025 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Ethylmalonic acid | 0.038 4 | 0.111 0 | 0.025 5 | 0.042 6 | 0.028 9 | 0.037 4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Guanosine | 0.146 6 | 0.294 4 | 0.114 1 | 0.107 1 | 0.127 6 | 0.154 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Glycerol 3-phosphate | 0.266 6 | 0.598 7 | 1.043 4 | 0.690 4 | 0.788 9 | 0.858 4 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Nicotinamide | 0.181 5 | 0.294 9 | 0.213 6 | 0.253 0 | 0.211 7 | 0.246 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Guanine | 0.039 8 | 0.103 0 | 0.027 0 | 0.031 5 | 0.029 4 | 0.031 8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| N-1-[4-Hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetamide | 0.009 7 | 0.051 4 | 0.005 1 | 0.008 4 | 0.007 1 | 0.004 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Creatine | 4.074 2 | 7.121 5 | 5.317 1 | 5.833 3 | 6.302 2 | 6.205 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Hypoxanthine | 1.752 1 | 2.429 6 | 1.729 3 | 1.759 7 | 1.226 2 | 1.944 6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Uric acid | 0.110 3 | 0.172 3 | 0.112 4 | 0.116 1 | 0.101 4 | 0.132 5 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Inosine | 0.087 6 | 0.128 8 | 0.099 3 | 0.085 3 | 0.074 7 | 0.101 2 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| DL-Norvaline | 1.295 2 | 1.785 9 | 1.381 5 | 1.482 7 | 1.556 6 | 1.577 4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| 2-Hydroxyphenylalanine | 1.432 5 | 0.648 2 | 0.822 5 | 0.723 5 | 0.862 7 | 0.532 1 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| 3-Methyl-5-oxo-5-(4-toluidino)pentanoic acid | 0.794 8 | 0.423 7 | 0.379 9 | 0.556 7 | 0.876 3 | 0.280 0 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| 2-(4-Aminophenoxy)isophthalo-nitrile | 0.271 3 | 0.366 9 | 0.302 7 | 0.283 9 | 0.257 7 | 0.416 3 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid | 1.541 4 | 0.386 7 | 0.913 6 | 0.344 1 | 0.984 8 | 0.602 9 | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105728340165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Relative percentage contents of differential metabolites. ↓ and ↑ indicate relative decrease or increase of percentage contents
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Relative percentage contents /% | | Trend |
| Ctl | PD | CJL | CAN | US | CWD | PD vs Ctl | CJL vs PD | CAN vs PD | US vs PD | CWD vs PD |
| (±) 11-HETE | 1.797 9 | 1.496 7 | 1.874 1 | 1.424 4 | 1.587 8 | 1.611 3 | | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
| N-Acetylaspartic acid | 2.301 7 | 3.257 8 | 1.883 9 | 2.708 0 | 2.645 0 | 2.576 3 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| α-D-Mannose 1-phosphate | 2.420 7 | 1.062 2 | 1.166 6 | 1.944 9 | 2.541 8 | 1.772 0 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Oleic acid | 1.618 9 | 1.072 3 | 1.547 5 | 1.463 1 | 1.313 4 | 1.714 6 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| N-Acetyl-D-glutamic acid | 0.924 2 | 1.212 0 | 0.964 6 | 0.751 9 | 0.718 1 | 1.074 4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Histidine | 0.624 6 | 1.714 7 | 0.741 2 | 0.580 1 | 0.737 4 | 0.610 6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| D-Ribulose 5-phosphate | 0.387 1 | 1.491 9 | 0.480 1 | 0.427 8 | 0.405 5 | 0.543 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| LysoPE 18:0 | 0.846 4 | 0.576 4 | 0.724 2 | 0.908 4 | 0.705 5 | 0.933 2 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Gluconic acid | 0.223 1 | 0.773 5 | 0.143 5 | 0.453 3 | 0.198 6 | 0.326 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| 4-Amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 0.281 0 | 0.630 4 | 0.120 1 | 0.215 5 | 0.292 2 | 0.096 6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid | 0.353 5 | 0.523 3 | 0.363 8 | 0.395 3 | 0.408 6 | 0.409 3 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| LPC 20:5 | 0.198 6 | 0.298 6 | 0.231 3 | 0.174 7 | 0.145 0 | 0.335 7 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| LPE 20:5 | 0.168 1 | 0.213 7 | 0.176 0 | 0.139 2 | 0.096 9 | 0.293 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | 0.106 3 | 0.206 4 | 0.197 5 | 0.127 2 | 0.104 0 | 0.209 5 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate | 0.057 2 | 0.293 2 | 0.150 7 | 0.133 8 | 0.139 9 | 0.083 8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Phosphoenolpyruvic acid | 0.094 3 | 0.179 0 | 0.098 3 | 0.100 9 | 0.129 8 | 0.088 5 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Thymidine 5'-monophosphate | 0.071 2 | 0.122 8 | 0.082 9 | 0.059 4 | 0.079 7 | 0.053 8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Citric acid | 0.016 5 | 0.119 1 | 0.014 0 | 0.040 3 | 0.050 3 | 0.025 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Ethylmalonic acid | 0.038 4 | 0.111 0 | 0.025 5 | 0.042 6 | 0.028 9 | 0.037 4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Guanosine | 0.146 6 | 0.294 4 | 0.114 1 | 0.107 1 | 0.127 6 | 0.154 0 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Glycerol 3-phosphate | 0.266 6 | 0.598 7 | 1.043 4 | 0.690 4 | 0.788 9 | 0.858 4 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Nicotinamide | 0.181 5 | 0.294 9 | 0.213 6 | 0.253 0 | 0.211 7 | 0.246 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Guanine | 0.039 8 | 0.103 0 | 0.027 0 | 0.031 5 | 0.029 4 | 0.031 8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| N-1-[4-Hydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetamide | 0.009 7 | 0.051 4 | 0.005 1 | 0.008 4 | 0.007 1 | 0.004 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Creatine | 4.074 2 | 7.121 5 | 5.317 1 | 5.833 3 | 6.302 2 | 6.205 1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Hypoxanthine | 1.752 1 | 2.429 6 | 1.729 3 | 1.759 7 | 1.226 2 | 1.944 6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Uric acid | 0.110 3 | 0.172 3 | 0.112 4 | 0.116 1 | 0.101 4 | 0.132 5 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Inosine | 0.087 6 | 0.128 8 | 0.099 3 | 0.085 3 | 0.074 7 | 0.101 2 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| DL-Norvaline | 1.295 2 | 1.785 9 | 1.381 5 | 1.482 7 | 1.556 6 | 1.577 4 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| 2-Hydroxyphenylalanine | 1.432 5 | 0.648 2 | 0.822 5 | 0.723 5 | 0.862 7 | 0.532 1 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| 3-Methyl-5-oxo-5-(4-toluidino)pentanoic acid | 0.794 8 | 0.423 7 | 0.379 9 | 0.556 7 | 0.876 3 | 0.280 0 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| 2-(4-Aminophenoxy)isophthalo-nitrile | 0.271 3 | 0.366 9 | 0.302 7 | 0.283 9 | 0.257 7 | 0.416 3 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid | 1.541 4 | 0.386 7 | 0.913 6 | 0.344 1 | 0.984 8 | 0.602 9 | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960105904500944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Adduct | m/z | tR / min | HMDB | KEGG pathway |
| Gluconic acid | [M-H]- | 195.050 34 | 1.332 | HMDB0000625 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate | [M-H]- | 289.032 81 | 1.428 | HMDB0001068 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| D-Ribulose 5-phosphate | [M-H]- | 230.018 57 | 1.464 | HMDB0000618 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| Uric acid | [M+H]+ | 169.035 69 | 1.697 | HMDB0000289 | Purine metabolism |
| Citric acid | [M-H]- | 191.019 09 | 2.089 | HMDB0000094 | Citrate cycle |
| Guanine | [M+H]+ | 152.056 78 | 2.851 | HMDB0000132 | Purine metabolism |
| Hypoxanthine | [M+H]+ | 137.045 85 | 2.853 | HMDB0000157 | Purine metabolism |
| Inosine | [M+H]+ | 269.088 01 | 2.897 | HMDB0000195 | Purine metabolism |
| Guanosine | [M-H]- | 282.084 08 | 2.927 | HMDB0000133 | Purine metabolism |
| Phosphoenolpyruvic acid | [M-H]- | 166.974 24 | 2.947 | HMDB0000263 | Citrate cycle |
), ArticleFig(id=1198960106122604763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628668726673968, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Identification results of key biomarkers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Adduct | m/z | tR / min | HMDB | KEGG pathway |
| Gluconic acid | [M-H]- | 195.050 34 | 1.332 | HMDB0000625 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate | [M-H]- | 289.032 81 | 1.428 | HMDB0001068 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| D-Ribulose 5-phosphate | [M-H]- | 230.018 57 | 1.464 | HMDB0000618 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| Uric acid | [M+H]+ | 169.035 69 | 1.697 | HMDB0000289 | Purine metabolism |
| Citric acid | [M-H]- | 191.019 09 | 2.089 | HMDB0000094 | Citrate cycle |
| Guanine | [M+H]+ | 152.056 78 | 2.851 | HMDB0000132 | Purine metabolism |
| Hypoxanthine | [M+H]+ | 137.045 85 | 2.853 | HMDB0000157 | Purine metabolism |
| Inosine | [M+H]+ | 269.088 01 | 2.897 | HMDB0000195 | Purine metabolism |
| Guanosine | [M-H]- | 282.084 08 | 2.927 | HMDB0000133 | Purine metabolism |
| Phosphoenolpyruvic acid | [M-H]- | 166.974 24 | 2.947 | HMDB0000263 | Citrate cycle |
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