Article(id=1198628601349374015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1673712000000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-15, revisedDate=1676563200000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704928003, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1686499200000, pubDateStr=2023-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704928003, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704928003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704928003, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628599835227075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='6', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1724', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1686499200000', pubDateStr='2023-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704927643, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1766137690373, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832346359468483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832346359468484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628599835227075, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1441, endPage=1451, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628602213400641, articleId=1198628601349374015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The mechanism of modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation, columnId=1198628600783142971, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Research on Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Integrative Pharmacology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We used network pharmacology to predict the mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction (GCFZ), and validated the results of the analysis and explored the pharmacodynamic effects of GCFZ through animal experiments. Firstly, TCMID, SymMap, HERB, STITCH and GEO databases were utilized to obtain the target genes of GCFZ for the treatment of RA, which yielded a total of 1 250 differentially expressed genes for RA, 534 genes for GCFZ targets and 83 intersecting genes. Then functional enrichment analysis of the intersecting genes was performed through GO and KEGG databases, and the results revealed that GCFZ and its active ingredients mainly functioned through cytokine pathways, where chemokine signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway were enriched with a high number of genes. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the drug-target-disease network and screen key proteins, which included TNF, C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), C-X-C chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). The molecular docking technology was used to confirm the binding ability of the main active ingredients of GCFZ to the core proteins. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of GCFZ in low (4 g·kg-1), medium (8 g·kg-1) and high (16 g·kg-1) dose groups were investigated by constructing the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. X-ray imaging approach, HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining showed that GCFZ treatment significantly improved bone destruction, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage damage in CIA rats, while immunofluorescence results showed that GCFZ treatment could regulate the expression of TNF, CXCL8 and CCL5. In summary, our results indicate that GCFZ contains a variety of small molecule pharmacodynamic substances, which can exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and pathways, and obviously reduce the symptoms of arthritis in CIA rats. This animal experiment of our research was approved by the Experimental Animal Management and Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical College.

, authors=null, authorsList=Tian-yu WU, Ming ZHANG, Xiao-yu HE, Yan ZHANG, Tian XIA, Yi-qing YANG, Cheng-zhi TANG, Yong-jie CHEN, Zi-xia DING, Li-qiu CHEN, Xiao-nan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-nan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628603970814066, articleId=1198628601349374015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学探究加味甘草附子汤治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制, columnId=1198628601970131008, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用网络药理学方法预测加味甘草附子汤(modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction, GCFZ) 治疗类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 的作用机制, 通过动物实验验证分析结果并探讨GCFZ的药效学效果。首先利用TCMID、SymMap、HERB、STITCH和GEO数据库获取GCFZ治疗RA的靶基因, 共筛选得到RA差异表达基因1 250个, GCFZ靶点基因534个, 交集基因83个。随后通过GO和KEGG数据库对交集基因进行功能富集分析, 发现GCFZ及其活性成分主要通过细胞因子通路发挥作用, 其中趋化因子信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF) 信号通路富集基因数较多。接着使用Cytoscape3.8.0软件构建药物-靶点-疾病网络并筛选到TNF、趋化因子8 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 8, CXCL8)、趋化因子10 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 10, CXCL10)、趋化因子配体5 (C-C chemokine ligand 5, CCL5)、趋化因子2 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 2, CXCL2)、趋化因子受体4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, CXCR4) 等6个核心蛋白, 并通过分子对接技术验证GCFZ主要活性成分与核心蛋白结合能力。通过构建胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 大鼠模型探讨GCFZ低、中、高(4、8、16 g·kg-1) 剂量组的治疗效果, X射线影像学方法、HE染色、番红O-固绿染色结果显示, GCFZ干预能显著改善CIA大鼠骨质破坏、滑膜增生和软骨损伤, 免疫荧光结果显示GCFZ治疗能够调节TNF、CXCL8、CCL5的表达。综上, 本研究结果表明GCFZ含有多种小分子药效物质, 能够通过多靶点、多通路发挥治疗作用, 明显减轻CIA大鼠的关节炎症状。本研究动物实验获得蚌埠医学院实验动物管理和伦理委员会批准。

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*张小楠, Tel: 13609827842, E-mail:
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Green: Durgs; Violet: Pharmaceutical ingredient; Red: Genes for disease targeted by drugs; Yellow: Disease , figureFileSmall=+8R8v5KQP4Eq6DWKo5a7lw==, figureFileBig=x84+Q35aBqLBsDjaFh7Gow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960140566233742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=seQsylXlK719ZJXkVka76g==, figureFileBig=3LqzYFK+gGC9777yu/gBbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960140708840089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. A: GO enrichment analysis, including biological process, cellular component and molecular function; B: KEGG signaling pathways enrichment analysis bubble chart , figureFileSmall=seQsylXlK719ZJXkVka76g==, figureFileBig=3LqzYFK+gGC9777yu/gBbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960140834669228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uAdYiq1w8OIZ6BybvumWcQ==, figureFileBig=XxhG+aIlyqyUC/91OJUcow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960140981469886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Molecular docking of core proteins with small molecule ligands. A: CCL5-coumarin; B: CXCL2-coumarin; C: CXCL8-quercetin; D: CXCL10-rutin; E: CXCR4-quercetin; F: TNF-quercetin; green: Small molecular ligand; purple: Protein residue. CCL5: C-C chemokine ligand 5; CXCL: C-X-C chemokine ligand; CXCR: C-X-C chemokine receptor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor , figureFileSmall=uAdYiq1w8OIZ6BybvumWcQ==, figureFileBig=XxhG+aIlyqyUC/91OJUcow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960141124076240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bTcoP0b/LI6mIAdyeN65/Q==, figureFileBig=W7UywKQCEfZfoOiU5Ox3+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960141296042728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= GCFZ treatment alleviates arthritic symptoms in CIA rats. A: Body weight; B: Arthritis score; C: Degree of foot swelling; D: X-ray imaging images of soft tissue swelling and bone destruction in each group of CIA rats. a: Bone erosion soft tissue swelling; b: Joint space; c: Soft tissue swelling. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> CIA groups. GCFZ: Modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction; CIA: Collagen-induced arthritis; MTX: Methotrexate. GCFZ-H: 16 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>; GCFZ-M: 8 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>; GCFZ-L: 4 g·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=bTcoP0b/LI6mIAdyeN65/Q==, figureFileBig=W7UywKQCEfZfoOiU5Ox3+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960141480592126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VC+o2M9zgJrA9R48NQLt4A==, figureFileBig=d3bMG/wOWs+R7fX7XVfOHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960141652558610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= GCFZ treatment improves joint histopathological changes in CIA rats. A: HE staining of knee joint; B: Safranin O-Fast Green staining of ankle joint; C: Pathological score of knee joint. <i>n</i> = 6, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001. ns: No significance , figureFileSmall=VC+o2M9zgJrA9R48NQLt4A==, figureFileBig=d3bMG/wOWs+R7fX7XVfOHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960141782582049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R0C2CJcZ5tMIraHse7khCg==, figureFileBig=p0NVGyYbVlKqdwawtjbF+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960141908411184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628601349374015, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= GCFZ down-regulates the expression of TNF, CCL5 and CXCL8 in the synovial tissue of CIA rats , 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基于网络药理学探究加味甘草附子汤治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制
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吴天宇 1 , 张铭 2 , 何晓宇 3 , 张妍 4 , 夏天 4 , 杨依清 4 , 唐承志 1 , 陈永杰 1 , 丁子夏 4 , 陈莉秋 5 , 张小楠 2, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究 2023,58(6): 1441-1451
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药学学报 |专题报道: 基于整合药理学的中医药现代化研究 2023 , 58 (6) : 1441 -1451
基于网络药理学探究加味甘草附子汤治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制
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吴天宇1, 张铭2, 何晓宇3, 张妍4, 夏天4, 杨依清4, 唐承志1, 陈永杰1, 丁子夏4, 陈莉秋5, 张小楠2, *
作者信息
  • 1.蚌埠医学院公共卫生学院, 安徽 蚌埠 233030
  • 2.蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030
  • 3.蚌埠医学院第一附属医院, 安徽 蚌埠 233004
  • 4.蚌埠医学院临床医学院, 安徽 蚌埠 233030
  • 5.蚌埠医学院第二附属医院, 安徽 蚌埠 233040
通讯作者:
*张小楠, Tel: 13609827842, E-mail:
The mechanism of modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation
Tian-yu WU1, Ming ZHANG2, Xiao-yu HE3, Yan ZHANG4, Tian XIA4, Yi-qing YANG4, Cheng-zhi TANG1, Yong-jie CHEN1, Zi-xia DING4, Li-qiu CHEN5, Xiao-nan ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
  • 3. The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
  • 4. Clinical Medicine Department of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
  • 5. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233040, China
出版时间: 2023-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0052
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利用网络药理学方法预测加味甘草附子汤(modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction, GCFZ) 治疗类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 的作用机制, 通过动物实验验证分析结果并探讨GCFZ的药效学效果。首先利用TCMID、SymMap、HERB、STITCH和GEO数据库获取GCFZ治疗RA的靶基因, 共筛选得到RA差异表达基因1 250个, GCFZ靶点基因534个, 交集基因83个。随后通过GO和KEGG数据库对交集基因进行功能富集分析, 发现GCFZ及其活性成分主要通过细胞因子通路发挥作用, 其中趋化因子信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF) 信号通路富集基因数较多。接着使用Cytoscape3.8.0软件构建药物-靶点-疾病网络并筛选到TNF、趋化因子8 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 8, CXCL8)、趋化因子10 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 10, CXCL10)、趋化因子配体5 (C-C chemokine ligand 5, CCL5)、趋化因子2 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 2, CXCL2)、趋化因子受体4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, CXCR4) 等6个核心蛋白, 并通过分子对接技术验证GCFZ主要活性成分与核心蛋白结合能力。通过构建胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 大鼠模型探讨GCFZ低、中、高(4、8、16 g·kg-1) 剂量组的治疗效果, X射线影像学方法、HE染色、番红O-固绿染色结果显示, GCFZ干预能显著改善CIA大鼠骨质破坏、滑膜增生和软骨损伤, 免疫荧光结果显示GCFZ治疗能够调节TNF、CXCL8、CCL5的表达。综上, 本研究结果表明GCFZ含有多种小分子药效物质, 能够通过多靶点、多通路发挥治疗作用, 明显减轻CIA大鼠的关节炎症状。本研究动物实验获得蚌埠医学院实验动物管理和伦理委员会批准。

加味甘草附子汤  /  类风湿关节炎  /  网络药理学  /  分子对接  /  胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠

We used network pharmacology to predict the mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction (GCFZ), and validated the results of the analysis and explored the pharmacodynamic effects of GCFZ through animal experiments. Firstly, TCMID, SymMap, HERB, STITCH and GEO databases were utilized to obtain the target genes of GCFZ for the treatment of RA, which yielded a total of 1 250 differentially expressed genes for RA, 534 genes for GCFZ targets and 83 intersecting genes. Then functional enrichment analysis of the intersecting genes was performed through GO and KEGG databases, and the results revealed that GCFZ and its active ingredients mainly functioned through cytokine pathways, where chemokine signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway were enriched with a high number of genes. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the drug-target-disease network and screen key proteins, which included TNF, C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), C-X-C chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). The molecular docking technology was used to confirm the binding ability of the main active ingredients of GCFZ to the core proteins. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of GCFZ in low (4 g·kg-1), medium (8 g·kg-1) and high (16 g·kg-1) dose groups were investigated by constructing the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. X-ray imaging approach, HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining showed that GCFZ treatment significantly improved bone destruction, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage damage in CIA rats, while immunofluorescence results showed that GCFZ treatment could regulate the expression of TNF, CXCL8 and CCL5. In summary, our results indicate that GCFZ contains a variety of small molecule pharmacodynamic substances, which can exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and pathways, and obviously reduce the symptoms of arthritis in CIA rats. This animal experiment of our research was approved by the Experimental Animal Management and Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical College.

modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction  /  rheumatoid arthritis  /  network pharmacology  /  molecular docking  /  collagen-induced arthritis rat
吴天宇, 张铭, 何晓宇, 张妍, 夏天, 杨依清, 唐承志, 陈永杰, 丁子夏, 陈莉秋, 张小楠. 基于网络药理学探究加味甘草附子汤治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (6) : 1441 -1451 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0052
Tian-yu WU, Ming ZHANG, Xiao-yu HE, Yan ZHANG, Tian XIA, Yi-qing YANG, Cheng-zhi TANG, Yong-jie CHEN, Zi-xia DING, Li-qiu CHEN, Xiao-nan ZHANG. The mechanism of modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (6) : 1441 -1451 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0052
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 是一种由多因素交互诱发的慢性炎性自身免疫病, 多种免疫细胞和细胞因子相互作用促发关节腔微环境内的炎症, 最终导致持续性的滑膜炎和关节软骨损伤[1, 2]。RA在发病过程中往往累及心血管、肺部、皮肤等关节外器官和系统, 关节症状和关节外并发症严重降低了患者生活质量, 其作为一种慢性非传染性疾病在全球范围内已造成较大疾病负担[3, 4]。RA无法治愈, 临床治疗常通过传统抗风湿药物与非甾体类抗炎药、糖皮质激素等联合应用或使用靶向药降低疾病活动度, 但由于药物耐受性差、毒副作用明显或价格过高等弊端限制了常规药物的应用, 因此寻找RA治疗新途径并阐明其作用机制尤为重要[5]
近年来, 中药复方因其生物活性物质丰富、靶点众多、毒副作用低等优点被广泛应用于疾病的临床治疗[6, 7]。中医理论认为RA是由于风寒湿热入体留注于关节, 气血通行不畅所致的痹症。甘草附子汤是治疗痹症的经典中药汤剂, 方中含甘草、附子、白术和桂枝4味辛散温通药, 附子与桂枝祛风散寒、温经止痛, 白术除湿宣痹, 甘草和胃调中, 全方共奏祛风散寒、通络益气之效, 对RA具有较好的治疗效果。但RA病程迁延、证候复杂, 课题组前期结合患者主要症状, 随症在原方内加入了知母、白芍、威灵仙、鸡血藤、木瓜、伸筋草等6味中药配伍, 临床疗效优异, 但其具体机制尚不明晰。本研究旨在通过网络药理学方法探究加味甘草附子汤(modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction, GCFZ) 治疗RA的潜在分子机制, 并通过构建胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 大鼠模型探讨GCFZ的治疗效果, 分析结果并加以验证, 为临床治疗方案的优化和新型药物的研发提供理论依据。
网络药理学数据资料来源    通过GEO数据库下载RA基因表达数据, 选择GSE55235数据集[8]中10例正常样本和10例RA患者样本进行分析, 数据平台为GPL96 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE55235)。利用TCMID数据库(TCMID v1.0, http://www.megabionet.org/tcmid/, 2012-11-12)、SymMap数据库(SymMap v2, https://www.symmap.org/, 2019) 和HERB数据库(http://herb.ac.cn/, 2020) 分别筛选附子、桂枝、甘草、白术、知母、白芍、威灵仙、鸡血藤、木瓜和伸筋草对应的小分子化合物, 并通过STITCH数据库(STRING v11.5, http://stitch.embl.de/, 2016-1-4) 获取小分子物质对应的靶基因。将筛选得到的候选基因通过GO数据库和KEGG数据库进行功能富集分析, 并通过STRING在线数据库(STRING v11.5, https://cn.string-db.org/, 2021-8-12) 获取蛋白质互作关系; 利用PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, 2017-1-1)、Uniprot数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/, 2022-12-24) 和PDB数据库(http://www.rcsb.org/, 2018-2-14) 获取蛋白质受体和小分子配体结构以用于分子对接。
实验动物    雄性SD大鼠45只, 6~8周龄, 体重(200 ± 20) g, 由安徽医科大学提供, 许可证号: SCXK (皖) 2017-001, 在蚌埠医学院科研中心SPF级环境中饲养, 自由饮水、饮食。所开展动物实验符合蚌埠医学院实验动物管理和伦理委员会要求, 审批号为: 伦动科批字[2021] 第192号。
加味甘草附子汤制备    药方组成: 制附子15 g、桂枝10 g、甘草9 g、白术15 g、知母12 g、白芍20 g、威灵仙12 g、鸡血藤20 g、木瓜12 g、伸筋草20 g, 所有中药购自安徽毫药千草中药饮片有限公司。制备方法: 参照2020版《中华人民共和国药典》制备, 提前使用3 L水浸泡药材0.5 h, 随后入锅熬煮, 武火熬煮后转文火蒸煮至300 mL, 冷却后滤过, 放入4 ℃冰箱备用, 使用前加热。将以上制备好的加味甘草附子汤进行质谱的质量控制检测, 结果显示在本课题组重点研究的黄酮类化合物中主要有槲皮素和柚皮素, 其在50 mL汤剂的上样量中, 检测到槲皮素的浓度为10.079 6 μg·mL-1, 柚皮素的浓度为13.682 1 μg·mL-1, 可以用于后续的实验中。
主要试剂    牛Ⅱ型胶原(immunization grade bovine type Ⅱ collagen, 20022)、弗氏不完全佐剂(incomplete Freund's adjuvant, 7002) (Chondrex公司); 甲氨蝶呤(国药准字H31020644, 上海上药信谊药厂有限公司); 4%多聚甲醛通用型组织固定液(BL359A, Biosharp公司); 异氟烷(R510-22, RWD公司); 鼠抗趋化因子配体5 (C-C chemokine ligand 5, CCL5) (PL0301786, PLLABS公司); 鼠抗肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)、鼠抗趋化因子8 (C-X-C chemokine ligand 8, CXCL8) (60291-1-Ig、27095-1-AP, Proteintech公司); TRIzol (15596026, Ambion公司)。
差异表达分析    利用R软件的limma包[9]根据分组信息进行基因差异表达分析, 定义满足参数q < 0.05和∣log2FC∣ ≥ 1的基因为差异表达基因, 利用phearmap包和plot包绘制差异表达基因聚类热图和火山图。
GCFZ小分子成分筛选和药物-成分-靶点-疾病网络构建    在TCMID[10]、SymMap[11]和HERB数据库[12]中输入GCFZ含有的10味中药名称, 搜索并下载药物对应的小分子化合物数据, 取3个数据库中的小分子物质交集作为分析所用的化合物, 并利用STITCH数据库筛选交集小分子化合物对应的靶基因, 筛选条件为“interaction score > 0.7”。随后通过R软件得到疾病差异表达基因与药物靶点基因的交集基因并得到药物-成分-靶基因-疾病关系对, 使用Cytoscape 3.8.0构建药物-成分-靶点-疾病网络图。
GOKEGG富集分析   通过R软件基于GO数据库[13]和KEGG生物化学通路数据库[14]对上述交集基因进行功能富集分析, 参数设定为P ≤ 0.05、q ≤ 0.05。P值越小认为该条目和交集基因联系紧密, 输出结果按P值的大小从小到大排列。选择生物过程(biological process, BP)、细胞组分(cell component, CC)、分子功能(molecular function, MF) 和富集通路结果中的前15个条目绘制条形图。
蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 网络图及核心蛋白筛选    根据上述筛选得到的交集基因, 利用STRING在线工具[15]进行PPI网络分析, 物种限定为“Homo sapiens”, 设置最低交互分数为“high confidence (0.700)”, 得到PPI网络关系。随后使用Cytoscape3.8.0对PPI关系网络的拓扑结构进行分析, 利用CytoNCA插件对各节点间的连接度进行打分, 指标包括中介中心性(betweenness centrality, BC)、贴近中心性(closeness centrality, CC)、度中心性(degree centrality, DC)、特征向量中心性(eigenvector centrality, EC)、基于局部平均连通度的方法(local average connectivity-based method, LAC) 和网络中心性(network centrality, NC)。利用R软件设定每个参数所在列的中位值并进行过滤, 对每个打分都大于中位值的基因进行保留, 得到重要节点, 筛选hub蛋白[16], 最后通过Cytoscape3.8.0进行可视化展示。
分子对接   根据药物-成分-靶点-疾病关系确定hub蛋白对应的小分子活性成分。首先通过PubChem数据库确定小分子配体的名称及2D结构, 通过Uniprot数据库和PDB数据库确定蛋白受体的ID及三维结构; 随后利用Chem3D软件优化并确定小分子配体的3D结构, 通过AutoDockTools1.5.7确定蛋白受体的活性区间并得到输入文件, 利用vina进行分子对接, 利用PyMOL软件进行可视化处理。
胶原诱导性关节炎(collagen-induced arthritis, CIA) 大鼠模型的构建   造模前, 适应性饲养1周, 选择精神状态良好、关节活动正常的SD大鼠用于模型构建。取2 mg·mL-1弗氏不完全佐剂与2 mg·mL-1牛Ⅱ型胶原等体积混匀并充分搅拌使其乳化, 当乳化剂在水中成团凝集而不散开时, 得到配置成功的牛Ⅱ型胶原-弗氏佐剂乳化剂, 配置过程全程在冰上操作。通过大鼠尾根部皮内注射乳化剂诱发关节炎, 初次免疫时每只大鼠注射剂量为200 μL, 1周后加强免疫, 每只大鼠注射剂量为100 μL[17, 18]。加强免疫后定期对大鼠进行关节炎评分、足爪厚度测量以证明关节炎模型是否构建成功。
实验分组和药物治疗   二次免疫后, 每3天对大鼠关节炎指数(arthritis index, AI) 进行评分, AI > 4分时认为CIA大鼠模型构建成功, 开始给药。通过随机数表法将造模成功的大鼠分为6组, 每组6只, 分别为对照组(vehicle)、模型组(CIA)、加味甘草附子汤低(GCFZ-L)、中(GCFZ-M)、高(GCFZ-H) 剂量组和甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate, MTX) 组, 除MTX组外, 其余各组连续灌胃30天。根据人体用药量结合动物的体表面积计算公式得到甘草附子汤低、中、高剂量组给药浓度分别为4、8、16 g·kg-1; MTX组给药浓度为1 mg·kg-1, 每周1次; 对照组和模型组给予2 mL PBS溶液。
体重监测、关节炎指数和足爪肿胀指数评估   根据大鼠关节和软组织的红肿程度和关节畸形情况对关节炎炎症程度进行评分, 单个关节最高分为4分, 评判标准如下: 0分, 正常; 1分, 个别足趾、关节红肿; 2分, 大部分足趾红肿伴有足底肿胀; 3分, 足爪严重红肿并伴有轻度关节畸形; 4分, 肿胀累及踝关节以上, 伴有严重关节畸形且不能自由活动。根据大鼠足趾关节肿胀程度进行评分, 单个足爪最高分为6分, 评分标准如下: 0分, 正常; 1~5分, 1个足趾肿胀变形记为1分, 累加得分; 6分, 足趾全部肿胀变形并伴有足底肿胀且不能负重。每3天由实验人员对实验大鼠进行体重测量、关节炎评分和足爪肿胀指数评分。
X射线影像学方法、组织病理学染色和免疫荧光染色    处死前, 使用异氟烷麻醉大鼠, 固定大鼠四肢, 使用X射线摄影系统(飞利浦医疗) 对各组大鼠后肢软组织肿胀情况及骨质情况进行成像检查。大鼠脱颈处死, 取下肢骨组织, 使用4%多聚甲醛固定后脱钙, 脱水透明后浸蜡包埋切片, 厚度为5 μm, 膝关节进行苏木精伊红(H & E) 染色和番红O-固绿染色, 踝关节进行免疫荧光染色, 使用光学显微镜观察各组大鼠组织病理学改变, 使用共聚焦显微镜观察组织内相关蛋白表达情况, 对关节组织的滑膜增生、炎性细胞浸润、关节软骨破坏、新生血管生成等炎性指标进行评价。
统计学分析   通过SPSS 21.0处理实验数据, 多组间数据采用单因素方差分析, 两组间数据采用独立样本t检验, P < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
R软件输出结果发现, 与健康对照组相比, RA患者滑膜组织中差异基因表达明显, 其中上调基因数699个, 下调基因数551个。
药物小分子物质搜索结果发现, 除伸筋草外其余9味中药在3个数据库中均有交集, 伸筋草只在HERB数据库和SymMap数据库中有交集, 用其交集小分子物质搜索对应的靶基因。合并去除重复数据后, 共筛选得到GCFZ小分子化学物质365种, 对应靶点基因534个, 其中与RA相关的交集基因83个。药物-成分-靶点-疾病网络图显示, 山柰酚(kaempferol)、槲皮素(quercetin)、香豆素(coumarin)、柚皮素(naringenin)、芍药苷(paeoniflorin) 靶点众多, 可能是GCFZ发挥抗风湿作用的主要活性成分(图 1)。
GO富集分析结果显示, BP主要富集在细胞因子应答(response to cytokine)、细胞对有机物的反应(cellular response to organic substance)、细胞对细胞因子刺激的反应(cellular response to cytokine stimulus)、细胞因子介导的信号通路(cytokine-mediated signaling pathway) 和炎症反应(inflammatory response) 等生物学过程; CC主要富集在质膜外侧面(external side of plasma membrane)、质膜整体成分(integral component of plasma membrane)、质膜内在成分(intrinsic component of plasma membrane)、膜筏(membrane raft) 和质膜(plasma membrane) 等细胞组分; MF主要富集在趋化因子受体结合(chemokine receptor binding)、细胞因子活性(cytokine activity)、C-C趋化因子结合(C-C chemokine binding)、G蛋白偶联肽受体结合(G protein-coupled peptide receptor binding) 和趋化因子结合(chemokine binding) 等分子功能(图 2A)。GO富集结果提示, GCFZ可能通过调节多种生物学过程发挥抗RA作用, 其中可能与细胞因子相关分子功能和生物过程密切相关。
KEGG富集分析结果显示, 交集基因主要富集在病毒蛋白与细胞因子及细胞因子受体的相互作用过程(viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor)、趋化因子信号通路(chemokine signaling pathway)、白介素(interleukin) 17信号通路(IL-17 signaling pathway)、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用过程(cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction) 和TNF信号通路(TNF signaling pathway) 等炎症相关通路(图 2B)。KEGG富集结果提示, GCFZ可能通过作用于以上炎症通路发挥治疗作用, 其中主要集中在细胞因子相关的信号通路。
将83个交集基因导入STRING在线数据库得到PPI网络图, 通过Cytoscape 3.8.0软件对PPI关系网络的拓扑结构进行分析, 初始结果共得到65个节点, 263条边, 最终共筛选出TNF、趋化因子受体4 (CXCR4)、CXCL8、CXCL10、CCL5、CXCL2等6个核心基因。
分子对接结果显示, TNF、CXCL8及CXCR4与GCFZ的主要活性成分槲皮素结合紧密, CXCL10与芦丁(rutin) 有良好对接构象, CXCL2和CCL5与GCFZ主要活性成分香豆素能够良好对接。每个小分子配体与其目标蛋白结合能绝对值均大于4.25[19]。分子对接结果说明, GCFZ主要活性成分与筛选的核心蛋白能够自然对接, 提示其可能通过作用于TNF、CXCL8等炎性因子而发挥治疗作用(图 3)。
通过大鼠体重变化情况、关节炎指数、足爪肿胀指数和X射线影像学结果评估GCFZ对CIA大鼠关节炎的影响。相较于对照组大鼠稳定增长的体重变化情况, 模型组大鼠体重增长缓慢且体重显著低于对照组(P < 0.000 1); GCFZ-M组、GCFZ-H组和MTX组大鼠体重较模型组增长明显(P < 0.001, P < 0.000 1) (图 4A)。与模型组相比, 经GCFZ和MTX治疗后各组大鼠的关节炎指数和足爪肿胀指数得到显著改善, 且治疗效果有剂量依赖性(P < 0.01, 图 4BC)。足爪图片和X射线影像学结果显示, 模型组大鼠软组织红肿明显且伴有严重的骨质破坏, 而GCFZ治疗组和MTX组大鼠足爪红肿和骨质破坏得到显著改善(图 4D)。
膝关节HE染色结果显示, 对照组大鼠关节组织内滑膜无增生, 软骨组织结构正常, 未见炎性细胞浸润; 与对照组相比, 模型组大鼠关节组织内滑膜明显增厚, 软骨表面不规则且出现损伤, 镜下可见大量炎性细胞; 与模型组相比, GCFZ-L组和GCFZ-M组大鼠软骨损伤得到改善, 但仍存在滑膜增生肥大和少量炎性细胞浸润, 而GCFZ-H组和MTX组滑膜增生和软骨损伤得到明显改善, 炎性细胞显著减少(图 5A)。踝关节番红O-固绿染色结果显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组大鼠软骨组织着色较淡, 关节软骨表面粗糙且不完整, 软骨面表层可见脱落组织, 镜下不可见软骨潮线, 软骨细胞形态不规则且数量较少; 与模型组相比, GCFZ-L组大鼠软骨损伤得到改善, 软骨细胞数量明显增多, 可见软骨潮线, 但软骨表面仍不规则且有少许脱落组织, GCFZ-M组、GCFZ-H组和MTX组大鼠关节软骨破坏得到显著改善, 软骨组织结构较为完整, 软骨潮线清晰(图 5B)。
对膝关节组织的滑膜增生、炎性细胞浸润、关节软骨破坏、新生血管生成等炎性指标进行评价, 结果发现, 各剂量GCFZ治疗后, 大鼠组织病理学改变得到显著改善, 且治疗效果呈现剂量依赖性(P < 0.05), 高剂量治疗组的效果与甲氨蝶呤治疗组相似, 结果没有统计学差异(图 5C)。
KEGG富集分析得到的通路图中发现, 上文中筛选得到的核心蛋白TNF、CCL5和CXCL8显著上调, 且能够调控RA炎症进展, 因此本研究通过免疫荧光染色检测GCFZ治疗后3种蛋白的表达情况验证预测结果。结果发现, 与对照组相比, 模型组大鼠滑膜组织中TNF、CCL5和CXCL8的表达显著上调, 而GCFZ治疗组和MTX组大鼠滑膜组织中TNF、CCL5和CXCL8的表达较模型组相比下降, 其中GCFZ-H组的表达量最低(图 6)。
RA是一种慢性系统性自身免疫病, 以进行性的关节损伤和功能障碍为主要临床特征, 严重的关节损伤和关节外系统并发症可能会造成RA患者的不可逆性残疾或死亡[20]。尽管临床上实行的标准治疗方案能够缓解部分患者的不良症状, 但由于RA的高度异质性和需要长期服药的特性, 可能导致患者出现药物耐受、毒副作用甚至治疗失败的不良现象, 因此探究安全有效的新型治疗方法至关重要[21]。甘草附子汤是治疗RA的中医经典复方, 具有振阳祛湿、补中止痛的良好效果, 本研究灵活运用中医配伍治疗, 结合RA患者常见的肢体麻木、血气淤堵、遇寒痛剧、脾胃不调等临床体征, 加入了知母、白芍、威灵仙、鸡血藤、木瓜、伸筋草6味中药以发挥舒筋活络、活血化瘀、调养气血的功效, 临床治疗效果显著, 具有优异的抗RA作用, 但具体的作用机制尚不明确。本研究在临床治疗案例基础上通过网络药理学方法初步探究了GCFZ的有效成分、作用靶标及治疗RA的潜在分子机制, 并结合动物实验进一步阐明了GCFZ的药效学效果, 为其临床应用、新药开发及探索RA治疗新靶点提供了理论基础。
传统中草药含有丰富的小分子活性物质, 已有药理学研究证明许多复方汤剂或中药单体能够通过多靶点、多途径有效缓解RA的相关症状, 降低疾病活动度[22-24]。与上述研究结果类似, 本研究结果证明GCFZ含有365种小分子化合物, 能够靶向与RA密切相关的83个靶标发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用。研究表明, 传统甘草附子汤主要通过药物中含有的黄酮类、生物碱类和皂苷类小分子化合物发挥抗炎镇痛作用[25]。与该研究结果相似, 本研究的网络药理学结果也表明GCFZ中发挥主要药效的是黄酮类和皂苷类化合物。但相较于传统甘草附子汤, GCFZ由于多种配伍药物的相须相使, 其补火助阳、散寒止痛、祛风除湿、通血活络的功效更为显著, 治疗效果更佳。RA的主要病理特征之一是促炎细胞因子诱发的持续性滑膜炎症和软骨损伤, 其中滑膜免疫细胞分泌的TNF-α和趋化因子介导的炎性信号通路在滑膜成纤维细胞激活、破骨细胞分化及关节软骨破坏等病理生理过程中发挥重要作用[26, 27]。TNF是RA发病的关键细胞因子, 以其为核心的级联炎症反应能够诱导多种促炎细胞的激活和炎性因子的分泌, 促进关节组织的破坏[28]; 趋化因子及其受体在炎症发生过程中能够介导淋巴细胞的募集和新生血管的形成, 这与RA关节腔微环境中免疫系统的紊乱和血管翳的形成密切相关[29, 30]。本研究通过PPI网络对药物靶标基因进行分析发现, TNF、CXCL8、CXCR4、CXCL10、CXCL2和CCL5可能是GCFZ治疗RA的关键靶点, 分子对接结果进一步证明TNF等核心蛋白能够与GCFZ主要活性成分良好对接, 提示GCFZ可能通过靶向以上炎性因子发挥治疗作用。同时, 交集基因的功能富集分析也提示GCFZ可能通过趋化因子信号通路、TNF信号通路发挥治疗作用。
CIA大鼠模型是国内外常用的关节炎模型, 造模成功后大鼠的足爪形态学、关节炎指数、组织病理学及各种抗体和炎性因子变化与人类发病过程中的体症类似[18, 31]。本研究通过构建CIA大鼠模型, 探究了GCFZ对关节炎大鼠的治疗效果并验证了通过网络药理学筛选得到的相关蛋白的表达。研究结果表明, GCFZ能够改善CIA大鼠的关节炎症状, 显著降低足爪肿胀程度和关节炎指数。同时, 组织病理学也提示GCFZ治疗能够有效抑制关节组织的滑膜增生、炎细胞浸润及软骨破坏, 具有较好的治疗效果。如上文所述, 本研究的网络药理学结果表明TNF等6个炎性因子可能是GCFZ发挥治疗效果关键靶标, KEGG富集分析结果进一步显示, TNF、CXCL8和CCL5的表达在RA相关炎性通路中表达显著增高, 但经GCFZ治疗后, CIA大鼠滑膜组织中TNF、CXCL8和CCL5的表达显著下调, 说明GCFZ可能通过下调多种炎性细胞因子来治疗RA。
综上, 本研究结果表明加味甘草附子汤药效成分丰富并能靶向调控多种炎性介质治疗RA, 降低疾病活动度, 为探索RA治疗新方法提供了理论依据。本研究不足之处在于缺乏对机制方面的深入探究, 在接下来的实验中, 本团队将结合本研究结果着重探究GCFZ调控TNF及其受体介导的炎性通路的具体作用机制。
作者贡献: 吴天宇、张铭、何晓宇负责网络药理学分析、动物实验、数据分析及文章撰写; 张妍、夏天负责数据收集; 杨依清、唐承志、陈永杰、丁子夏参与文章修改; 张小楠、陈莉秋负责实验设计和文章指导审阅。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 安徽省高校自然科学研究项目重点项目(KJ2020A0588)
  • 安徽省重点科研平台开放课题基金项目(KLICD-2022-Z5)
  • 蚌埠医学院研究生创新项目(Byycx22024)
  • 国家级大学生创新训练项目(202210367059)
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2023年第58卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0052
  • 接收时间:2023-01-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-15
  • 修回日期:2023-02-17
基金
安徽省高校自然科学研究项目重点项目(KJ2020A0588)
安徽省重点科研平台开放课题基金项目(KLICD-2022-Z5)
蚌埠医学院研究生创新项目(Byycx22024)
国家级大学生创新训练项目(202210367059)
作者信息
    1.蚌埠医学院公共卫生学院, 安徽 蚌埠 233030
    2.蚌埠医学院心脑血管疾病基础与临床重点实验室, 安徽 蚌埠 233030
    3.蚌埠医学院第一附属医院, 安徽 蚌埠 233004
    4.蚌埠医学院临床医学院, 安徽 蚌埠 233030
    5.蚌埠医学院第二附属医院, 安徽 蚌埠 233040

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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