Article(id=1198628504268010204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628499750744699, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1125, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1666713600000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-26, revisedDate=1675699200000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704904858, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1683820800000, pubDateStr=2023-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704904858, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704904858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704904858, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628499750744699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='5', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704903781, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137655840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832201509172104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628499750744699, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832201509172105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628499750744699, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1301, endPage=1306, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628504641303293, articleId=1198628504268010204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid concentrations in cell culture medium by UPLC, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with pre-column derivatization method for simultaneous determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid concentrations in CHO cell which expressed high levels of programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody, and its amino acid metabolism was analyzed by this method. Using 6-aminoquinoline-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) as a derivatization reagent, the free amino acids in different concentrations of amino acid standards or cell lines were transformed into stable UV-absorbent compounds, which were separated by gradient elution through ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL·min-1, the column temperature at 55 ℃, the loading amount of sample at 1 µL, the UV detection wavelength at 260 nm, and then the free amino acid concentration in cell lines which expressed PD-1 antibody was determined by external standard method. According to the changes of amino acids concentration during the process of cell culture, the amino acid metabolism was analyzed. The results showed that pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography could completely separate 17 kinds of amino acids within 11 minutes, has good linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.999 3) in the range of 0.75-500 μmol·L-1, the limits of detection was 0.1-0.3 μmol·L-1, the limits of quantitative was 0.5-1 μmol·L-1. The established method is quickly and reproducibility. Amino acid metabolism revealed that methionine, isoleucine and leucine may be the restrictive factors of expression for cell line. This method can be used for detection changes of free amino acid concentration in cell line.

, correspAuthors=Wen-feng MEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan HU, Wen-feng MEI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628507040445337, articleId=1198628504268010204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱法同时测定细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

建立柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱同时测定高表达程序性死亡蛋白-1 (programmed death protein-1, PD-1)抗体的细胞株培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度的方法, 根据浓度检测结果, 对表达抗PD-1抗体的细胞株进行氨基酸代谢分析。使用6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基氨基甲酸酯(6-aminoquinoline-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, AQC)作为衍生剂, 将不同浓度的氨基酸标准品或细胞株培养液中的游离氨基酸转化为稳定的紫外衍生物, 采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm)色谱柱梯度洗脱分离, 流速为0.7 mL·min-1, 柱温55 ℃, 进样量为1 µL, 在紫外检测器检测波长为260 nm的条件下进行检测, 使用外标法计算氨基酸浓度, 并对高表达抗PD-1抗体的细胞株培养液中游离氨基酸浓度进行测定, 根据细胞培养周期内氨基酸浓度变化进行代谢分析。结果表明, 柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法能在11 min内将17种氨基酸进行完全分离, 在0.75~500 µmol·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(相关系数R2 ≥ 0.999 3), 检测限为0.1~0.3 µmol·L-1, 定量限为0.3~1 µmol·L-1, 建立的方法具有快速、重现性高的优点, 氨基酸代谢分析显示, 蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸可能为细胞株生长和表达限制性成分。建立的柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法快速、准确, 可用于同时检测细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度的变化。

, correspAuthors=梅文枫, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梅文枫,Tel: 15705906497, E-mail:
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J Chromatogr, 1983, 282: 609-618., articleTitle=Determination of amino acids with 9-flfluoroenylmethyl-chloroformate and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960148225032522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, doi=10.1006/abio.1993.1270, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=211, issue=null, pageStart=279, pageEnd=287, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Cohen SA, Michaud DP, journalName=Anal Biochem, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Cohen SA , Michaud DP . Synthesis of a fluorescent derivatizingreagent, 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, and its applicationfor the analysis of hydrolysate amino acids via high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Anal Biochem, 1993, 211: 279-287., articleTitle=Synthesis of a fluorescent derivatizingreagent, 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, and its applicationfor the analysis of hydrolysate amino acids via high performance liquid chromatography, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198960144328523808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, awardId=JAT220085, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT220085), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198960144471130156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, awardId=2017XQ1021, language=CN, fundingSource=福建医科大学启航基金项目(2017XQ1021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198960140742394527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198960140746588833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, companyId=1198960140742394527, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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A: Changes of essential amino acids concentrations; B: Specific consumption rate of essential amino acids; C: Changes of non-essential amino acids concentrations; D: Specific consumption rate of non-essential amino acids , figureFileSmall=Bpvzro488ZkpP5JRIcX/Fg==, figureFileBig=LJ2ObSVYftH0DUbTg3AzpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960143992980480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Step No. Time /min %A %B %C %D Curve
  1 0.00 10.0   0.0 90.0   0.0 NA
  2 0.29   9.9   0.0 90.1   0.0 11
  3 5.49   9.0 80.0 11.0   0.0   7
  4 7.10   8.0 15.6 57.9 18.5   6
  5 7.3     8.0 15.6 57.9 18.5   6
  6 7.69   7.8   0.0 70.9 21.3   6
  7 7.99   4.0   0.0 36.3 59.7   6
  8 8.59   4.0   0.0 36.3 59.7   6
  9 8.68 10.0   0.0 90.0   0.0   6
10 10.20 10.0   0.0 90.0   0.0   6
), ArticleFig(id=1198960144076865545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628504268010204, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution conditions of mobile phase. A: Acetate - phosphate buffer; B: Acetonitrile solution (10%); C: Water; D: Acetonitrile; NA: Not available

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Step No. Time /min %A %B %C %D Curve
  1 0.00 10.0   0.0 90.0   0.0 NA
  2 0.29   9.9   0.0 90.1   0.0 11
  3 5.49   9.0 80.0 11.0   0.0   7
  4 7.10   8.0 15.6 57.9 18.5   6
  5 7.3     8.0 15.6 57.9 18.5   6
  6 7.69   7.8   0.0 70.9 21.3   6
  7 7.99   4.0   0.0 36.3 59.7   6
  8 8.59   4.0   0.0 36.3 59.7   6
  9 8.68 10.0   0.0 90.0   0.0   6
10 10.20 10.0   0.0 90.0   0.0   6
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超高效液相色谱法同时测定细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度
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胡妍 1 , 梅文枫 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(5): 1301-1306
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(5): 1301-1306
超高效液相色谱法同时测定细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度
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胡妍1, 梅文枫2, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建医科大学公共技术中心, 福建 福州 350122
  • 2.福建医科大学研究生院, 福建 福州 350122

通讯作者:

*梅文枫,Tel: 15705906497, E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid concentrations in cell culture medium by UPLC
Yan HU1, Wen-feng MEI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
  • 2. The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
出版时间: 2023-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1125
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建立柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱同时测定高表达程序性死亡蛋白-1 (programmed death protein-1, PD-1)抗体的细胞株培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度的方法, 根据浓度检测结果, 对表达抗PD-1抗体的细胞株进行氨基酸代谢分析。使用6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基氨基甲酸酯(6-aminoquinoline-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, AQC)作为衍生剂, 将不同浓度的氨基酸标准品或细胞株培养液中的游离氨基酸转化为稳定的紫外衍生物, 采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm)色谱柱梯度洗脱分离, 流速为0.7 mL·min-1, 柱温55 ℃, 进样量为1 µL, 在紫外检测器检测波长为260 nm的条件下进行检测, 使用外标法计算氨基酸浓度, 并对高表达抗PD-1抗体的细胞株培养液中游离氨基酸浓度进行测定, 根据细胞培养周期内氨基酸浓度变化进行代谢分析。结果表明, 柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法能在11 min内将17种氨基酸进行完全分离, 在0.75~500 µmol·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(相关系数R2 ≥ 0.999 3), 检测限为0.1~0.3 µmol·L-1, 定量限为0.3~1 µmol·L-1, 建立的方法具有快速、重现性高的优点, 氨基酸代谢分析显示, 蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸可能为细胞株生长和表达限制性成分。建立的柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱法快速、准确, 可用于同时检测细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度的变化。

超高效液相色谱法  /  氨基酸  /  代谢分析

To establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with pre-column derivatization method for simultaneous determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid concentrations in CHO cell which expressed high levels of programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody, and its amino acid metabolism was analyzed by this method. Using 6-aminoquinoline-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) as a derivatization reagent, the free amino acids in different concentrations of amino acid standards or cell lines were transformed into stable UV-absorbent compounds, which were separated by gradient elution through ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL·min-1, the column temperature at 55 ℃, the loading amount of sample at 1 µL, the UV detection wavelength at 260 nm, and then the free amino acid concentration in cell lines which expressed PD-1 antibody was determined by external standard method. According to the changes of amino acids concentration during the process of cell culture, the amino acid metabolism was analyzed. The results showed that pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography could completely separate 17 kinds of amino acids within 11 minutes, has good linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.999 3) in the range of 0.75-500 μmol·L-1, the limits of detection was 0.1-0.3 μmol·L-1, the limits of quantitative was 0.5-1 μmol·L-1. The established method is quickly and reproducibility. Amino acid metabolism revealed that methionine, isoleucine and leucine may be the restrictive factors of expression for cell line. This method can be used for detection changes of free amino acid concentration in cell line.

ultra high performance liquid chromatography  /  amino acid  /  metabolism analysis
胡妍, 梅文枫. 超高效液相色谱法同时测定细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (5) : 1301 -1306 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1125
Yan HU, Wen-feng MEI. Simultaneous determination of 17 kinds of free amino acid concentrations in cell culture medium by UPLC[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (5) : 1301 -1306 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1125
癌症的治疗是人类持续努力并不断取得进展的过程。在过去的200年间, 癌症的治疗方法已有多次突破, 从早期的化疗到随后的靶向治疗, 再到目前的以生物分子为主的精准治疗, 这给众多的肿瘤患者带来希望[1]。与传统化学药物相比, 抗肿瘤单克隆抗体显示出更强的特异性和更好的治疗效果, 抗体药物的出现也在逐步地改变肿瘤治疗局面[2, 3]。尤其是当单克隆抗体从最初的鼠源抗体发展为人源化抗体后[4], 该类药物已成为目前最具潜力的抗肿瘤药物[5-7]
程序性死亡因子1 (programmed death protein-1, PD-1) 单抗是当今肿瘤领域最热门的药物之一, PD-1/PD-L1通路的研究引领了肿瘤治疗由传统的放化疗向免疫治疗领域方向性的变革[8]。抗PD-1抗体能阻止PD-L1与PD-1结合, 激活人体自身的免疫系统, 从而杀死肿瘤细胞[9-12]。经过20多年的研发, 抗PD-1单抗相关的临床试验显示, 抗PD-1抗体能激活免疫系统识别并杀灭不同类型的肿瘤, 且具有毒性低、副反应少以及抗癌谱广等特点[13], 两款抗PD-1抗体—Opdivo和Keytruda已在2014年得到美国FDA批准用于肿瘤临床治疗[14-16]
在生物制药领域, 通常选用中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO) 作为宿主细胞, 来大规模生产单抗[17]。氨基酸是刺激细胞生长的重要组分, 培养CHO的过程中会消耗或者释放氨基酸, 在培养基中须及时调整氨基酸浓度, 使细胞的密度、活率在培养周期内都能达到符合要求的水平, 因此, 在细胞生长过程中需监测培养液中氨基酸浓度的变化, 找出培养过程中的营养限制性成分[18], 再选用合适的培养基和添加补料的方式, 可以提高细胞培养液中单抗的表达量[19]
目前, 实验室测定氨基酸浓度的方法有很多种, 常见的有全自动氨基酸仪法、毛细管电泳法、液相色谱-质谱串联法、高效液相色谱法等[20-22], 前三种方法技术成本较高、不易普及, 高效液相色谱法操作简单, 成本较低, 应用范围广, 常用于实验室常规检测。超高效液相色谱(UPLC) 是从高效液相(HPLC) 基础上发展起来的新色谱技术, 与HPLC方法相比, UPLC方法具有节约时间、分辨率更高、溶剂使用更少等特点[23, 24]
由于氨基酸的分子质量较小, 极性较强, 没有发色基团, 不利于直接检测。通过衍生试剂给氨基酸添加发色基团更有利于检测。目前常用的衍生剂有邻苯二醛(OPA)[25]、异硫氰酸苯酯(PITC)[26]、氯甲酸芴甲酯(FMOC-Cl)[27]、6-氨基喹啉-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化环氨基甲酸酯(6-aminoquinoline-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, AQC)[28]等, 其中OPA不与二级氨基酸反应; PITC、FMOC-Cl都能与一级、二级氨基酸反应, 但需要去除剩余溶剂再进行色谱分析, 且PITC样品中痕量的PITC会缩短分析柱寿命, FMOC-Cl生成多种衍生产物影响测定; AQC能通过一步反应与一级、二级氨基酸反应生成稳定的衍生化氨基酸与副产物N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(N-hydroxysuccinimide, NHS) (图 1A), 过量的AQC则水解成6-氨基喹啉(6-aminoquinoline, AMQ), NHS不被色谱柱保留, AMQ对氨基酸含量测定无影响, 衍生产物单一、稳定, 具有很强的紫外吸收和荧光吸收, 衍生过程操作简单, 反应快速且特效, 成为近几年应用较为广泛的氨基酸柱前衍生剂之一。
综上所述, 本研究拟建立了一种以AQC为柱前衍生试剂的超高效液相色谱同时测定细胞培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度的方法, 并用于细胞培养液中游离氨基酸浓度测定, 根据氨基酸浓度检测结果, 对细胞进行氨基酸代谢分析, 可为优化细胞培养基的配比提供理论依据, 对提高抗PD-1抗体的表达量具有指导意义。
仪器与试剂  Waters UPLC H-class bio system超高效液相色谱仪, 包括四元泵、自动进样器、四通道柱温箱, 紫外检测器, Empower 3色谱工作站(Waters公司, 美国); Forma371型CO2培养箱(Thermo Scientific公司, 美国); Milli-Q纯水机(Millipore公司, 美国); Vortex 3涡旋振荡器(IKA公司, 德国); 烘箱(GZX-9146MBE型, 上海博迅生物科技股份有限公司); 超声波清洗仪(SB25-12D型, 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司)。
实验材料  实验所用宿主细胞为LONZA公司的GS基因敲除的CHOK1SV GS-KO (GS-CHO)细胞, 表达抗人PD-1抗体的重组GS-CHO细胞株由实验室自行构建, 抗体重链、轻链表达质粒转染宿主细胞, 经有限稀释法及后续活力、表达量测试筛选得到1株表达量高、细胞活力好的单克隆命名为122; AccQ.Fluor™衍生试剂包, 包含硼酸缓冲液、AQC粉末和乙腈(Waters公司, 美国); 氨基酸水解标准品, 包含17种氨基酸, 其中胱氨酸浓度为1.25 mmol·L-1, 其余16种氨基酸浓度为2.5 mmol·L-1、醋酸盐-磷酸盐缓冲液(Waters公司, 美国), 乙腈(色谱纯, Fluka, 美国), HyCell CHO培养基(HyClone公司, 美国)。
色谱条件  色谱柱: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm); 流速为0.7 mL·min-1; 柱温55 ℃, 进样量为1 µL; 紫外检测波长为260 nm, 流动相A: 醋酸盐-磷酸盐缓冲液, 流动相B: 10%乙腈, 流动相C: 水, 流动相D: 乙腈, 梯度洗脱条件如表 1所示。
衍生试剂的配制  取装有定量AQC粉末的小瓶, 加入1 mL乙腈, 涡旋振荡, 55 ℃加热5 min溶解, 制成3 mg·mL-1的衍生剂, -20 ℃保存。
样品溶液的制备  取不同培养天数的细胞培养液, 10 000×g的转速离心10 min, 将细胞培养液上清液用纯水稀释20倍, 作为样品溶液。
氨基酸标准品/样品溶液氨基酸衍生化的制备  吸取10 µL标准品/样品溶液注入6 mm × 50 mm样品管底部, 再加入70 µL硼酸盐缓冲液涡旋混合, 吸取20 µL衍生剂至样品管中, 立即涡旋混合几秒钟, 置于55 ℃烘箱中加热10 min, 将衍生后的氨基酸标准品/样品溶液转移至带有内衬管的液相小瓶中。
方法学考察
系统适用性实验  取氨基酸标准品溶液、高表达抗PD-1抗体的细胞培养液, 按照游离氨基酸衍生化方法, 制备上样溶液, 采用设定的色谱条件依次进行分离分析。
线性  用水将氨基酸标准品进行倍比稀释, 制得胱氨酸1.25~500 μmol·L-1, 其他氨基酸0.75~250 μmol·L-1共7个浓度的溶液, 按照氨基酸衍生化方法制得标准品溶液, 采用设定的色谱条件进行分析, 以峰面积为纵坐标, 对应的氨基酸浓度为横坐标, 进行线性回归, 计算线性回归方程和相关系数。
检测限和定量限  将氨基酸工作标准品进行不断稀释, 以信噪比= 3时的进样浓度为检测限, 以信噪比= 10时的进样浓度为定量限。
精密度  取衍生后的氨基酸标准品溶液重复进样6次, 计算17种氨基酸标准品保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)。
重复性  准确移取细胞培养液6份, 10 000×g的转速离心10 min, 将培养液上清液用纯水稀释20倍后, 按照样品溶液氨基酸衍生化方法制得上样溶液, 按照色谱条件进行分离, 计算17种氨基酸峰保留时间和面积的RSD值。
溶液稳定性实验  取表达抗PD-1抗体的细胞培养液上清, 10 000×g的转速离心10 min, 取培养液上清液用纯水稀释20倍, 按照样品溶液氨基酸衍生化的方法制得上样溶液, 分别于0、2、4、6、8 h进样, 每次重复3次, 计算这15针样品17个氨基酸峰面积的平均RSD, 以考察溶液的稳定性。
氨基酸代谢分析  在细胞培养周期内的14天, 每天固定时间吸取细胞培养液, -20 ℃保存, 培养周期结束后, 培养液恢复至室温后10 000×g的转速离心10 min, 取培养液上清液用纯水稀释20倍, 按照样品溶液氨基酸衍生化的方法制得上样溶液。按照色谱条件测定1~14天内17种氨基酸浓度的变化。
氨基酸标准品和细胞培养液上清液中游离氨基酸分离色谱图如图 2AB所示, 均在相同保留时间的位置出现17个氨基酸峰, 其中AMQ峰为衍生剂AQC水解产生的试剂峰, 不影响氨基酸峰的测定。17个峰对称性好, 半胱氨酸与赖氨酸的分离度为1.75, 其余峰之间分离度均远大于1.5, 符合中国药典中高效液相色谱法的系统适应性实验要求。
随着氨基酸工作标准品浓度增大, 17种氨基酸峰的峰面积也随之增大, 将浓度与峰面积之间进行线性拟合, 得17种氨基酸的R2 ≥ 0.999 3, 线性关系良好。
当信噪比= 3时, 半胱氨酸检测限为0.1 µmol·L-1, 其余16种氨基酸检测限为0.3 µmol·L-1; 当信噪比= 10时, 半胱氨酸定量限为0.3 µmol·L-1, 其余16种氨基酸定量限为1 µmol·L-1, 灵敏度高。
精密度检测实验结果显示, 17种氨基酸标准品的保存时间RSD为0.03%~0.3%, 峰面积RSD为0.45%~0.98%, 仪器精密度好。细胞培养液上清液中, 17种氨基酸的保存时间RSD为0.18%~0.90%, 峰面积RSD为0.42%~1.21%, 方法重复性高。
根据溶液稳定性考察方法, 每隔2 h重复进样3次, 8 h内总计15次, 经计算, 这15次实验17种氨基酸峰面积的平均RSD为1.12%, 小于2%, 说明样品溶液稳定。
将1~14天的细胞培养液按照样品制备方法和氨基酸衍生化方法制得上样溶液, 按照建立的方法进行浓度测定, 结果如图 3所示, CHO细胞12种必需氨基酸浓度曲线(图 3A) 和比消耗速率(图 3B) 显示, 蛋氨酸比消耗速率比其他必需氨基酸更高, 且在对数生长期消耗最快; 亮氨酸和异亮氨酸分别在第9天和第11天耗竭, 由于补料中不含亮氨酸, 细胞培养后期无法检出亮氨酸浓度。蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸在培养基已含有的情况下, 仍在细胞培养后期耗竭, 说明这两种必需氨基酸为生长和(或) 抗体表达限制性成分。非必需氨基酸中(图 3CD), 天冬氨酸及谷氨酸在第8天(对数生长期) 都消耗至较低浓度, 在细胞培养的维持期和衰亡期保持稳定的比消耗速率。丙氨酸在第4~8天不断积累, 从第9天开始, 丙氨酸从生成转换为消耗模式, 浓度逐步降低。甘氨酸和丝氨酸在培养后期有短暂的生成积累。
本实验使用AQC作为衍生剂, 将高表达抗PD-1抗体细胞株培养液中的游离氨基酸转化为稳定的衍生物, 经UPLC快速分离, 能在11 min内完全分离细胞株培养液中17种氨基酸。在色谱柱分离样品的0.29~7.10 min中, 四元溶剂泵梯度曲线从11变至6, 梯度变化快, 将乙腈先稀释10倍配成流动相B, 基线波动更小, 浓度梯度更稳定, 更有利于待分析氨基酸与培养液中保留时间相近(如tR 1.890 min, tR 2.435 min) 的氨基酸干扰峰分开, 本实验在筛选高产量细胞株时, 选用5种不同培养基组合进行培养, 不同培养基收获的细胞上清均用水稀释20倍, 与衍生剂反应后, 培养基继续被稀释10倍, 培养基中氨基酸经AQC柱前衍生后, 极性明显降低, 能在色谱柱上获得较好的保留; 培养基中干扰物质不被衍生, 或者衍生后的干扰物质因极性因素不被色谱柱保留, 或者在260 nm没有吸收峰, 衍生化操作过程使得培养基的基质效应显著降低; 因AQC与未质子化的伯胺基或者仲胺基反应, pH低于6不利于衍生反应, 本实验所选用的培养基组合pH均呈中性, 不影响AQC与氨基酸反应, 因此不同组成成分的培养基基质不影响氨基酸浓度的测定。本实验建立了柱前衍生-超高效液相色谱同时测定表达PD-1抗体的细胞株培养液中17种游离氨基酸浓度的方法, 并对检测方法进行了方法学验证, 实验结果表明, 氨基酸在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好, 灵敏度高, 仪器精密度和重现性、溶液稳定性均符合药典要求, 建立的浓度检测方法具有快速、稳定的优点, 为细胞培养周期内细胞培养液中游离氨基酸浓度测定提供了可靠的检测方法。17种氨基酸代谢分析显示, 蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸在细胞培养周期内消耗迅速, 说明这3种氨基酸可能为细胞株生长或(和) 表达的限制性成分, 在后续细胞培养过程中, 可在培养基中添加这几种氨基酸, 根据氨基酸浓度检测结果优化氨基酸的添加量。糖酵解途径产物丙酮酸在转氨酶作用下生成丙氨酸, 所以在细胞培养前期有丙氨酸积累, 积累的丙氨酸在细胞培养后期重新转化为丙酮酸进入三羧酸循环, 其在细胞培养后期处于消耗状态。通过对氨基酸代谢进行分析, 可为优化细胞培养基的配比提供理论依据, 对提高抗PD-1抗体的表达量具有指导意义。
作者贡献: 胡妍主要进行了本文分析方法建立、实验数据分析处理、撰写文章及对文章进行修改等; 梅文枫主要进行氨基酸代谢分析提供实验思路, 对文章的撰写及修改提供建议和指导。
利益冲突: 无利益冲突。
  • 福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT220085)
  • 福建医科大学启航基金项目(2017XQ1021)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1125
  • 接收时间:2022-10-26
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-26
  • 修回日期:2023-02-07
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福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT220085)
福建医科大学启航基金项目(2017XQ1021)
作者信息
    1.福建医科大学公共技术中心, 福建 福州 350122
    2.福建医科大学研究生院, 福建 福州 350122

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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