Article(id=1198628501545911132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628499750744699, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0076, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1674921600000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-29, revisedDate=1676822400000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763704904209, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1683820800000, pubDateStr=2023-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763704904209, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763704904209, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704904209, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198628499750744699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='5', pageStart='0', pageEnd='1400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763704903781, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137655840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208832201509172104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628499750744699, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208832201509172105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198628499750744699, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1267, endPage=1274, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198628501793375069, articleId=1198628501545911132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Rapid prediction of G protein-coupled receptor structures using nanoluciferase assay, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using beta-2 adrenergic receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine and angiotensin Ⅱtype 1 receptor as control, we here established a method for rapid prediction of the initial position amino acids of N-terminal, C-terminal, intracellular loops, extracellular loops and transmembrane (TM) regions in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and successfully predicted the structure of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3 (MRGPRX3). To achieve this purpose, nanoluciferase (Nluc) was inserted into the different sites of these GPCRs′ sequence by sequence and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC) method, and the luminescence value were measured to distinguish the different parts of GPCRs. The results showed that luminescence values of NLuc luciferase at TM region were less than 100 000, and the values were higher than 1 000 000 at N terminal, C terminal, or extracellular loops and intracellular loops, and the values were between 100 000 and 500 000 at junction. The predicted MRGPRX3 structure was analyzed in detail and was compared with AlphaFold predicted structure. In conclusion, this method could provide useful information of GPCR structure model for the ligand virtual screening, and could provide certain experimental basis for structural pharmacology.

, correspAuthors=Fan YANG, Jiu-yao ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-ming ZHUANG, Lu-lu GUO, Guo-xing FANG, Xin LUO, Si-yuan SHEN, Fan YANG, Jiu-yao ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198628504490312591, articleId=1198628501545911132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=利用纳米荧光素酶快速预测G蛋白偶联受体结构, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文以β2-肾上腺素能受体(beta-2 adrenergic receptor, β2-AR)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor, AT1R) 为例, 建立可快速预测G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) N端、C端、胞内环、胞外环、跨膜(transmembrane, TM) 区氨基酸起始位置的方法, 并通过此方法预测Mas相关基因G蛋白偶联受体X3 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3, MRGPRX3) 的结构。具体操作为利用不依赖序列和连接的克隆方法(sequence and ligation-independent cloning, Slic) 将纳米荧光素酶(nanoluciferase, NLuc) 插入GPCRs的不同位点, 在同一受体表达水平相同的条件下, 检测NLuc插入GPCRs不同位点对于发光值的影响。结果显示, 当NLuc插入GPCRs不同位点时, 检测到的NLuc发光值不同。当NLuc插入N端、C端、胞内环、胞外环等柔性区域时, 发光值在100万以上; 插入TM区域(刚性区域) 时, 发光值在10万以下, 甚至在1万以下; 插在柔性区域与刚性区域的交界处时, 发光值在10万~50万之间, 一般在10万左右。本研究建立了一种可快速确定GPCRs结构的生化方法, 并用此方法成功预测MRGPRX3的结构。此方法能够为配体的虚拟筛选提供有效信息, 为结构药理学提供一定的实验依据。

, correspAuthors=杨帆, 周玖瑶, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨帆,Tel: 13573115758, E-mail: ;
周玖瑶, Tel: 18620783138, E-mail:
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Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 1081., articleTitle=MicroRNA expression profiling defines the impact of electronic cigarettes on human airway epithelial cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198960134983611290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=e0128951, pageEnd=null, url=http://doc.paperpass.com/foreign/rgArti20151731750.html, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Flegel C, Schö bel N, Altmüller J, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Flegel C , Schö bel N , Altmüller J , et al . RNA-Seq analysis of human trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia with a focus on chemoreceptors[J]. 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Schematic diagram of the luminescence value of <i>β</i>2-AR-xNLuc (A), 5-HT1A-xNLuc (B) and AT1R-xNLuc (C) detection and NLuc insertion position. NLuc: Nanoluciferase; <i>β</i>2-AR: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor; 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>: 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A; AT1R: Angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor; TM: Transmembrane; ICLs: Intracellular loops; ECLs: Extracellular loops , figureFileSmall=yaHAjsdR+L4UmE7yOWwwsA==, figureFileBig=48dqj7I/FIQ+FJ4afDLV4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960128646017319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ntxP2U1KXk0TI9yByhWGIg==, figureFileBig=CK8VSRZEfSRwjz9ZFzbvRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960128767652143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Summary and application of NLuc experimental methods. A: Schematic diagram of NLuc insertion position corresponding to luminescence value; B: Display of construction sites of MRGPRX3-xNLuc plasmid. Amino acids in the N-terminal, C-terminal and loop regions are represented by blue circles, those in the TM region are represented by red circles, and those in the junction are represented by green circles. MRGPRX3: Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3 , figureFileSmall=ntxP2U1KXk0TI9yByhWGIg==, figureFileBig=CK8VSRZEfSRwjz9ZFzbvRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960128872509753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZfTcxlPjOmEGlibnApvAAA==, figureFileBig=1RKyO8rW6buWSWEugLE3lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960128977367362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= ELISA results of MRGPRX3-xNLuc expression on cell surface. Mean ± SEM from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 3) were performed in triplicates. n.s.: No significance , figureFileSmall=ZfTcxlPjOmEGlibnApvAAA==, figureFileBig=1RKyO8rW6buWSWEugLE3lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960129119973712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eW89wu/7Iq4NuWhK572uTw==, figureFileBig=eD8exzHfM65p92ldAu+IPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960129224831326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Detection result of luminescence value of MRGPRX3-xNLuc. Purple means the luminescence value is above a million, blue means the luminescence value is between 100 000 and 500 000, and yellow means the luminescence value is less than 100 000 , figureFileSmall=eW89wu/7Iq4NuWhK572uTw==, figureFileBig=eD8exzHfM65p92ldAu+IPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960129329688938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Rybtfu5uXbI4bqwBf/LqSg==, figureFileBig=SBoGoqNpOsWwsdpuar6dtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960129501655417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The serpentine graph prediction of MRGPRX3. Purple represents the amino acids in the flexible region, blue represents the amino acids between the flexible region and the rigid region, and yellow represents the amino acids in the rigid region , figureFileSmall=Rybtfu5uXbI4bqwBf/LqSg==, figureFileBig=SBoGoqNpOsWwsdpuar6dtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960129728147854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Y6T4mBfivg6LJ/szOCTFHw==, figureFileBig=RZDjh7NfX6iGn36O/rQm8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960129870754210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Three-dimensional (3D) representation of P93, I94, V171 and W172 in the MRGPRX3 simulated by AlphaFold , figureFileSmall=Y6T4mBfivg6LJ/szOCTFHw==, figureFileBig=RZDjh7NfX6iGn36O/rQm8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198960130021749164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Domain AlphaFold prediction NLuc luminescence assay prediction
N-terminal M1-E20 M1-E20
TM1 T21-R55 T21-R55
ICL1 M56-N59 M56-N59
TM2 A60-L87 A60-L87
ECL1 I88-H92 I88-H92, P93*, I94*
TM3 P93-I124 S95-I124
ICL2 L125-Y137 L125-Y137
TM4 L138-F163 L138-F163
ECL2 L164-S170 L164-S170, V171*, W172*
TM5 V171-L203 C173-L203
ICL3 C204-L211 C204-L211
TM6 T212-F239 T212-F239
ECL3 S240-K247 S240-K247
TM7 W248-A294 W248-A294
C-terminal L295-Q322 L295-Q322
), ArticleFig(id=1198960130160161215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198628501545911132, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of AlphaFold prediction and the method established in this manuscript for predicting MRGPRX3. *The amino acids differed between the AlphaFold prediction and the NLuc luminescence assay prediction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Domain AlphaFold prediction NLuc luminescence assay prediction
N-terminal M1-E20 M1-E20
TM1 T21-R55 T21-R55
ICL1 M56-N59 M56-N59
TM2 A60-L87 A60-L87
ECL1 I88-H92 I88-H92, P93*, I94*
TM3 P93-I124 S95-I124
ICL2 L125-Y137 L125-Y137
TM4 L138-F163 L138-F163
ECL2 L164-S170 L164-S170, V171*, W172*
TM5 V171-L203 C173-L203
ICL3 C204-L211 C204-L211
TM6 T212-F239 T212-F239
ECL3 S240-K247 S240-K247
TM7 W248-A294 W248-A294
C-terminal L295-Q322 L295-Q322
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庄钰铭 1, 2 , 郭璐璐 2 , 方国兴 1, 2 , 罗欣 2 , 沈思源 2 , 杨帆 2, * , 周玖瑶 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(5): 1267-1274
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(5): 1267-1274
利用纳米荧光素酶快速预测G蛋白偶联受体结构
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庄钰铭1, 2, 郭璐璐2, 方国兴1, 2, 罗欣2, 沈思源2, 杨帆2, * , 周玖瑶1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广州中医药大学中药学院, 广东 广州 511400
  • 2.山东大学基础医学院, 山东 济南 250014

通讯作者:

*杨帆,Tel: 13573115758, E-mail: ;
周玖瑶, Tel: 18620783138, E-mail:
Rapid prediction of G protein-coupled receptor structures using nanoluciferase assay
Yu-ming ZHUANG1, 2, Lu-lu GUO2, Guo-xing FANG1, 2, Xin LUO2, Si-yuan SHEN2, Fan YANG2, * , Jiu-yao ZHOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, China
  • 2. Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
出版时间: 2023-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0076
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本文以β2-肾上腺素能受体(beta-2 adrenergic receptor, β2-AR)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor, AT1R) 为例, 建立可快速预测G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) N端、C端、胞内环、胞外环、跨膜(transmembrane, TM) 区氨基酸起始位置的方法, 并通过此方法预测Mas相关基因G蛋白偶联受体X3 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3, MRGPRX3) 的结构。具体操作为利用不依赖序列和连接的克隆方法(sequence and ligation-independent cloning, Slic) 将纳米荧光素酶(nanoluciferase, NLuc) 插入GPCRs的不同位点, 在同一受体表达水平相同的条件下, 检测NLuc插入GPCRs不同位点对于发光值的影响。结果显示, 当NLuc插入GPCRs不同位点时, 检测到的NLuc发光值不同。当NLuc插入N端、C端、胞内环、胞外环等柔性区域时, 发光值在100万以上; 插入TM区域(刚性区域) 时, 发光值在10万以下, 甚至在1万以下; 插在柔性区域与刚性区域的交界处时, 发光值在10万~50万之间, 一般在10万左右。本研究建立了一种可快速确定GPCRs结构的生化方法, 并用此方法成功预测MRGPRX3的结构。此方法能够为配体的虚拟筛选提供有效信息, 为结构药理学提供一定的实验依据。

G蛋白偶联受体  /  纳米荧光素酶  /  柔性区域  /  刚性区域  /  结构预测

Using beta-2 adrenergic receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine and angiotensin Ⅱtype 1 receptor as control, we here established a method for rapid prediction of the initial position amino acids of N-terminal, C-terminal, intracellular loops, extracellular loops and transmembrane (TM) regions in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and successfully predicted the structure of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3 (MRGPRX3). To achieve this purpose, nanoluciferase (Nluc) was inserted into the different sites of these GPCRs′ sequence by sequence and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC) method, and the luminescence value were measured to distinguish the different parts of GPCRs. The results showed that luminescence values of NLuc luciferase at TM region were less than 100 000, and the values were higher than 1 000 000 at N terminal, C terminal, or extracellular loops and intracellular loops, and the values were between 100 000 and 500 000 at junction. The predicted MRGPRX3 structure was analyzed in detail and was compared with AlphaFold predicted structure. In conclusion, this method could provide useful information of GPCR structure model for the ligand virtual screening, and could provide certain experimental basis for structural pharmacology.

G protein-coupled receptor  /  nanoluciferase  /  flexible area  /  rigid area  /  prediction of structure
庄钰铭, 郭璐璐, 方国兴, 罗欣, 沈思源, 杨帆, 周玖瑶. 利用纳米荧光素酶快速预测G蛋白偶联受体结构. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (5) : 1267 -1274 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0076
Yu-ming ZHUANG, Lu-lu GUO, Guo-xing FANG, Xin LUO, Si-yuan SHEN, Fan YANG, Jiu-yao ZHOU. Rapid prediction of G protein-coupled receptor structures using nanoluciferase assay[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (5) : 1267 -1274 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0076
G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) 是人类基因组中最大的跨膜受体蛋白家族, 人体内表达800多种GPCRs参与生物体中80%的跨膜信号转导[1-3], GPCRs可以将细胞外的光照、激素、神经递质等刺激转化为细胞内信号, 参与调节生命活动中大部分的生理过程。GPCRs表达广泛, 是很多疾病发生的关键因素, 因此是一类重要的药物靶点, 长期以来在药理学领域中发挥重要作用, 它们是中枢神经系统、胃肠道等其他许多疾病领域中的处方药物的靶标[4-6]。目前, 2017年FDA批准的临床上有34% (475种) 的药物都是靶向GPCRs研发的[7, 8]
GPCRs具有相似的结构特征, 它由7个跨膜(transmembrane, TM) α螺旋蛋白构成, α螺旋蛋白之间通过3个较短的胞外环(extracellular loops, ECLs) 和胞内环(intracellular loops, ICLs) 连接, 此外还有N端(N terminal) 部分和C端(C terminal) 部分, 一些GPCRs还具有helix 8结构[9, 10]。虽然结构上具有相似性, 但不同GPCR之间的差别非常大, 这也决定了其功能的特异性, 因此精确了解GPCR的结构, 对于药物设计起到至关重要的作用。近年来, 由于冷冻电镜技术的快速发展, GPCRs的结构药理学研究取得了很多突破性成果, 得到了几百个GPCRs的结构信息[11-13]。但是从分子克隆到蛋白纯化[14-16], 再到最终获得冷冻电镜下的复合物结构, 十分耗时。另外, 目前GPCR的纯化依然面临一些问题, 如占整个GPCR家族大约50%的嗅觉受体因其表达量低和易聚集等特点, 在体外很难获得稳定的蛋白, 其冷冻电镜复合物结构解析起来十分困难, 而利用HEK293细胞转染的方法可以快速表达蛋白并对其功能进行检测。HEK293细胞系广泛应用于细胞生物学和生物技术领域, 将重组DNA瞬时转染进HEK293人类细胞系的手段已十分娴熟[17-19]。此外, 生物发光系统广泛应用于生物医学, 如高灵敏度的细胞分析和基于生物发光的分子成像[20, 21]。其中, 新型的纳米荧光素酶(nanoluciferase, NLuc)系统具有应用广泛、灵敏度高、稳定性高和体积小等特点, 为生物发光成像领域开拓了新的可能性[22, 23]。基于GPCRs骨架结构的特殊性, 即GPCRs都是由7个跨膜螺旋折叠而成, 且相对位置比较固定, 为刚性区域, 而N端、C端及连接跨膜螺旋的loop为柔性区域, 本文建立了一种快速检测NLuc发光值以预测GPCRs结构的系统, 为预测GPCRs结构提供一种新型高效的生化实验方法。
Mas相关基因G蛋白偶联受体X3 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3, MRGPRX3) 是MRGPRs家族成员中的一种, 属于G蛋白偶联受体A家族。这类受体是脊椎动物继硬骨鱼进化出现四肢、产生抓挠行为之后所伴随产生的。其原因可能和瘙痒-抓挠循环有关, 动物只有进化到有了四肢之后才会产生抓挠行为。MRGPRX3是MRGPRX亚家族中研究最少的, 是唯一没有激动剂报道的受体, 然而其重要程度不亚于其他痒觉受体。有研究表明, MRGPRX3介导痒觉和痛觉的信号[24], 且过表达人类MRGPRX3的转基因大鼠皮肤表型异常, 证明其可能在表皮细胞增殖过程中起重要作用[25]。此外, 最近的一项研究[26]显示, 男性婴儿MRGPRX3基因的甲基化差异与受孕环境有关, 但在女性婴儿中没有, 这表明MRGPRX3基因调控可能调控性别二态性。同时, 在小脑、唾液腺、肺、乳房、睾丸和角膜内皮细胞中均能检测到高水平的MRGPRX3 mRNA[27-29]。因此, 深入研究MRGPRX3调控各种生理过程中作用机制及在不同疾病过程中的调控作用显得格外重要。本文通过建立的NLuc快速预测GPCRs结构的方法, 预测了MRGPRX3这一孤儿受体的结构, 为深入解析MRGPRX3配体识别及激活机制提供理论基础, 并为靶向痒觉受体MRGPRX3的药物开发提供结构依据。
细胞系   实验所用的细胞株人胚胎肾细胞HEK-293T细胞株购买于中国科学院细胞库。
菌株   本文中用于扩增质粒和构建质粒转化的E. coli DH5α感受态细胞购自北京全式金生物公司。
主要试剂   中分子量DNA标志物购自北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限公司。DNA上样缓冲液(6×)、辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗小鼠二抗购自碧云天生物技术有限公司。琼脂粉、酵母提取物、胰蛋白胨均购自OXOID公司。琼脂糖购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、多聚甲醛、多聚赖氨酸均购自索莱宝生物科技有限公司。Flag一抗购自德国Sigma Aldrich公司。胎牛血清、DMEM高糖培养基、胰蛋白酶、PBS缓冲液、青霉素-链霉素双抗均购自生工生物工程股份有限公司。聚乙烯亚胺(PEI) 购自翌圣生物科技股份有限公司。腔肠素400a购自Promega公司。
主要仪器   PCR仪(BioRad公司)、电泳仪(北京市六一仪器厂)、金属浴(Thermo Scientific公司)、恒温二氧化碳细胞培养箱(Thermo Fisher公司)、超净工作台(苏净安泰公司)、TECAN酶标仪(Infinite M200 Pro NanoQuant公司)、Berthold LB940微孔板式多功能分析仪(Berthold Technologies公司)。
质粒构建   在实验室已有β2-肾上腺素能受体(beta-2 adrenergic receptor, β2-AR)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor, AT1R) 的相应质粒pcDNA3.1-β2-AR-WT、pcDNA3.1-5-HT1A-WT、pcDNA3.1- AT1R-WT及pcDNA3.1-MRGPRX3-WT质粒基础上, 应用不依赖序列和连接的克隆方法(sequence and ligation-independent cloning, Slic)[14]构建受体不同位点插入NLuc的质粒, 所用引物及质粒测序服务均由青岛擎科天成生物技术有限公司合成提供。
ELISA检测细胞表面受体表达    为了评估NLuc插入受体不同位点之后受体的表达水平, 使用PEI转染试剂在6孔板中将已成功构建的质粒瞬时转染HEK293细胞; 在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养24 h后, 将转染的细胞接种到24孔板中, 每孔2×105个细胞, 并在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下进一步培养24 h。将细胞固定在4%多聚甲醛中, 室温静置5 min, 并在室温下用5% BSA封闭1 h。小心吸弃封闭液, 每孔逐滴加入单克隆抗Flag一抗(1∶3 000) 在4 ℃下孵育过夜, 回收一抗, 洗涤后与辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗小鼠二抗在室温下孵育1 h。吸弃二抗, 加入400 μL TMB溶液, 当显色反应到适当颜色(最弱的孔呈蓝色) 时, 吸出100 μL, 加入到事先准备好的96孔板中。向96孔板加入100 μL 0.25 mol·L-1 HCl (以1× TBST配制) 终止液终止反应, 并使用TECAN酶标仪测量450 nm处的光密度值。
细胞转染与荧光值检测   人胚胎肾细胞HEK-293T由含有10% FBS和1%青链霉素的DMEM高糖培养基, 培养于37 ℃、5% CO2、湿度一定的培养箱中。
用前一天传至6孔板中的HEK-293T细胞进行转染[17-19], 密度在50%~70%为最佳。使用PEI转染试剂在6孔板中将已成功构建的质粒瞬时转染入HEK-293T细胞; 在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养48 h后, 使用胰蛋白酶消化细胞, 至1.5 mL管中, 800 r·min-1离心后弃上清, 再用HBSS重悬细胞并进行细胞铺板, 然后加入10 μL腔肠素400a (工作浓度为5 μmol·L-1, 使用时需要现用现配)。平衡5 min后, 在具有410 nm (NLuc-腔肠素400a) 滤光片的Berthold LB940微孔板式多功能分析仪中读取数据, 积分时间为每孔1 s。平板连续读取4次, 对测量值全部进行分析。
统计学分析    采用双侧单因素方差分析及Turkey检验进行统计学分析。
β2-AR受体的N端、C端、TM区域、胞外环、胞内环及交界位置插入NLuc, 统称为β2-AR-xNLuc (x表示NLuc插入GPCR的氨基酸位置)。构建质粒并利用Berthold LB940微孔板式多功能分析仪在具有410 nm波长读取NLuc发光值。结果显示, N15 (N端)、K140 (胞内环)、L302 (胞外环)、C383 (C端) NLuc发光值均在100万以上; S120 (TM区域) NLuc发光值在10万以下, N196 (交界位置) NLuc发光值在50万以下(图 1A)。
在5-HT1A受体的N端、C端、TM区域、胞外环、胞内环及交界位置插入NLuc, 统称为5-HT1A-xNLuc (x表示NLuc插入GPCR的氨基酸位置)。构建质粒并利用Berthold LB940微孔板式多功能分析仪在具有410 nm波长读取NLuc发光值。结果显示, G23 (N端)、S253 (胞内环)、C187 (胞外环)、C420 (C端) NLuc发光值均在100万以上; V80 (TM区域) NLuc发光值在10万以下, V233 (交界位置) NLuc发光值在50万以下(图 1B)。
在AT1R受体的N端、C端、TM区域、胞外环、胞内环及交界位置插入NLuc, 统称为AT1R-xNLuc (x表示NLuc插入GPCR的氨基酸位置)。构建质粒并利用Berthold LB940微孔板式多功能分析仪在具有410 nm波长读取NLuc发光值。结果显示, D16 (N端)、L138 (胞内环)、Y184 (胞外环)、S338 (C端) NLuc发光值均在100万以上; V147 (TM区域) NLuc发光值在10万以下, G97 (交界位置) NLuc发光值在50万以下(图 1C)。
通过对β2-AR受体、5-HT1A受体、AT1R受体不同位点插入NLuc检测发光值的实验, 总结规律为: ① NLuc插入位置为柔性区域时, 包括N端、C端、胞外端、胞内端时, NLuc发光值为100万以上; ② NLuc插入位置为刚性区域时, 如TM部分, NLuc发光受极大影响, 处于10万以下, 甚至不到1万; ③ NLuc插入位置处于刚性区域与柔性区域交界位置时, NLuc发光值处于10万~50万之间, 更接近于10万(图 2A)。
在pcDNA3.1-MRGPRX3-WT质粒基础上, 利用Slic实验于T10、P22、Q26、T31、V40、R55、R58、A60、S77、L87、R91、I94、G109、I124、W129、C132、L138、C143、C161、L164、C173、T180、L203、K208、L211、F225、F239、L244、W246、L249、L260、G276、L287、A294、P299、Q310等氨基酸后分别插入NLuc, 统称为MRGPRX3-xNLuc (x表示NLuc插入GPCR的氨基酸位置)。并在GPCRdb预测的蛇形图上标注。位于N端、C端及loop区域的氨基酸用蓝色圈表示, 位于TM区域的氨基酸用红色圈表示, 位于交界处的用绿色圈表示(图 2B)。
在HEK293细胞中过表达上述成功构建的质粒, ELISA方法结果显示, 在受体不同位点插入NLuc后的受体表达量基本一致(图 3)。转染并利用Berthold LB940微孔板式多功能分析仪在具有410 nm波长读取NLuc发光值。其中T10-NLuc、R58-NLuc、R91-NLuc、W129-NLuc、C132-NLuc、L164-NLuc、K208-NLuc、L244-NLuc、P299-NLuc、Q310-NLuc发光值均在100万以上, P22-NLuc、R55-NLuc、A60-NLuc、L87-NLuc、I94-NLuc、I124-NLuc、L138-NLuc、C161-NLuc、C173-NLuc、L203-NLuc、L211-NLuc、F239-NLuc、W246-NLuc、A294-NLuc发光值在10万~50万之间, Q26-NLuc、T31-NLuc、V40-NLuc、S77-NLuc、G109-NLuc、C143-NLuc、T180-NLuc、F225-NLuc、L249-NLuc、L260-NLuc、G276-NLuc、L287-NLuc发光值在10万以下(图 4)。
结合本文中总结的NLuc实验规律及图 4可知, T10、R58、R91、W129、C132、L164、K208、L244、P299、Q310可能位于N端、C端及loop区域, P22、R55、A60、L87、I94、I124、L138、C161、C173、L203、L211、F239、W246、A294可能位于N端与TM区域、C端与TM区域或者loop与TM区域的交界处, Q26、T31、V40、S77、G109、C143、T180、F225、L249、L260、G276、L287可能位于TM区域, 预测结构用蛇形图展示(图 5)。
本文利用此方法预测了MRGPRX3, 发现此方法预测的结构与AlphaFold所预测的基本一致, 但存在细微差别, 如AlphaFold预测P93、I94位点在TM3区域, 可信度低, V171、W172在ECL2区域, 残基置信度分数(pLDDT) 范围在70~90之间(表 1图 6)。
GPCR家族在人体内分布广泛, 功能复杂, 在多种疾病的发生和进展过程中扮演着重要的角色。GPCR是非常重要的药物开发靶点, 研究其结构对药物的研发起着不可替代的作用。
G蛋白偶联受体又称7次跨膜螺旋蛋白, 其结构具有一定的保守性, 本研究利用其结构的特点, 建立了一种能快速预测GPCRs结构的方法, 在pcDNA3.1质粒上构建GPCRs不同位点后插入NLuc的质粒, 并通过转染、ELISA检验及检测其NLuc发光值, 通过发光值的大小来判断NLuc的插入区域为柔性区域或是刚性区域, 1周以内则可以预测GPCRs的结构。
MRGPRX家族属于GPCRs的一类, 在感觉神经元和免疫细胞上有表达, 近年来作为新型药物靶点受到广泛关注。MRGPRX家族包括MRGPRX1、MRGPRX2、RGPRX3、MRGPRX4四个成员, MRGPRX1特异性表达在人体的背根神经节中, 能够被抗疟疾药物氯喹和内源性肽段BAM8-22激活; MRGPRX2又称假过敏受体, 在肥大细胞中高表达, 能够被阳离子聚合物C48/80和内源性配体cortistatin-14所激活, 并且许多临床使用的药物引起的不良反应都与MRGPRX2相关; MRGPRX4已被证实是胆汁淤积性瘙痒的靶点; 而目前对MRGPRX3的报道较少, 临床病症不明确且还没有确切的配体, 但MRGPRX3在调控人体内各种生理过程中起着不可或缺的作用[24-29]。本文通过建立的NLuc快速预测GPCRs结构的方法, 预测了MRGPRX3这一孤儿受体的结构, 为深入解析MRGPRX3配体识别及激活机制提供理论基础, 并为靶向痒觉受体MRGPRX3的药物开发提供结构依据。
AlphaFold网站预测了人类98.5%的蛋白质结构, 此外还预测大肠杆菌、小鼠等20个科研常用生物的蛋白质结构。其预测的结构与实验确定的结构大致相同, 但细节上存在较大偏差。通过将已被解析出来的结构和AlphaFold网站预测的结构进行对比发现, AlphaFold所预测的可信度不高的区域大多为loop区域, 然而这个区域往往存在着识别配体或激发下游信号的重要位点。此方法可以为GPCR关键位点的确定起到预测的作用, 能够为配体的虚拟筛选提供有效信息, 为结构药理学提供一定的实验依据。
作者贡献: 庄钰铭撰写了论文; 庄钰铭、罗欣、沈思源完成了实验; 庄钰铭、郭璐璐、方国兴分析了实验数据; 杨帆、周玖瑶负责设计本项实验; 全部作者均阅读并参与修改了本文。
利益冲突: 本文的作者声明无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31900936)
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2023年第58卷第5期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0076
  • 接收时间:2023-01-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-29
  • 修回日期:2023-02-20
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(31900936)
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    1.广州中医药大学中药学院, 广东 广州 511400
    2.山东大学基础医学院, 山东 济南 250014

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*杨帆,Tel: 13573115758, E-mail: ;
周玖瑶, Tel: 18620783138, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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