Article(id=1198624475861316305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1078, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1664121600000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-26, revisedDate=1668355200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703944410, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1681228800000, pubDateStr=2023-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703944410, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703944410, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703944410, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624466902287155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1092', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703942275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704125380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625234971619912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625234971619913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=928, endPage=937, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624476180083429, articleId=1198624475861316305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The preventive effect and mechanism of Dayuanyin in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through NF-κB signaling pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dayuanyin (DYY) has been shown to reduce lung inflammation in both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lung injury. This experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of DYY against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and to evaluate the effect of DYY on the protection of lung function. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are approved and in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science. Male C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, DYY group (800 mg·kg-1), and positive control sildenafil group (100 mg·kg-1). The animals were given control solvents or drugs by gavage three days in advance. On day 4, the animals in the model group, DYY group and sildenafil group were kept in a hypoxic chamber containing 10% ± 0.5% oxygen, and the animals in the control group were kept in a normal environment, and the control solvent or drugs continued to be given continuously for 14 days. The right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index, organ indices and other metrics were measured in the experimental endpoints. Meantime, the expression levels of the inflammatory factors in mice lung tissues were measured. The potential therapeutic targets of DYY on pulmonary hypertension were predicted using network pharmacology, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by Western blot assay. It was found that DYY significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated lung injury and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in mice. It can also inhibit hypoxia-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. DYY has a protective effect on lung function, as demonstrated by DYY has good efficacy in HPH, and preventive administration can slow down the disease progression, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by DYY.

, correspAuthors=Guan-hua DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-mei WANG, Ran-ran WANG, Tian-yi YUAN, Xue-mei QIN, Guan-hua DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624480160478171, articleId=1198624475861316305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=达原饮通过NF-κB信号通路预防低氧性肺动脉高压作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

达原饮(Dayuanyin, DYY) 在新冠肺炎和肺损伤中都有降低肺部炎症的作用。本实验拟探究DYY预防低氧性肺动脉高压(hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, HPH) 的药效和作用机制, 并对DYY保护肺功能的作用进行评价。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所动物伦理委员会的规定并获批准。将雄性C57/BL6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、达原饮组(800 mg·kg-1) 和阳性对照西地那非组(100 mg·kg-1), 造模前3天灌胃给予对照溶剂或药物, 第4天开始将模型组、达原饮组、西地那非组动物置于含10% ± 0.5%氧气的低氧舱中饲养, 正常对照组动物于正常环境中饲养, 继续连续给予对照溶剂或药物14天。实验终点检测小鼠右心室收缩压、右心室肥厚指数、脏器指数等各项指标, 同时检测小鼠肺组织中炎症因子的表达水平。利用网络药理学对DYY在肺动脉高压上的潜在作用靶点进行预测, 并通过Western blot实验检测细胞核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 信号通路相关蛋白的表达。DYY可显著降低HPH小鼠的右心室收缩压, 减轻小鼠肺脏损伤, 降低炎症因子表达, 还可抑制低氧诱导的NF-κB信号通路的激活。DYY具有保护肺功能的作用, 表现在DYY对HPH具有良好的药效, 预防用药可减缓疾病的发展。作用机制可能与DYY通过降低炎症因子的表达抑制NF-κB及信号转导和转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 的激活相关。

, correspAuthors=杜冠华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杜冠华, Tel: 86-10-63165184, E-mail:
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A: Body weight changes; B: RVSP of HPH mice; C, D: Statistics of RVSP (C) and heart rate (D) in four groups; E-J: Statistics of right ventricle/(left ventricle+septum) [RV/(LV+S)] (E), lung index (F), heart index (G), liver index (H), spleen index (I) and kidney index (J). <i>n</i> = 8-10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model. 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A: Lymphocyte (LYM); B: Number of monoplast (MON) in the blood; C: Percentage of MON in all white blood cells. <i>n</i> = 8-10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=MQ0Fy+3d2L8oVX3fiJaHGA==, figureFileBig=/c6iC2bLkfqrVp8ahPhKcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640571347305380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qKnbFoyXH2CfxiwoAfyhRQ==, figureFileBig=bg0O6hcedH2zmE2eETQtQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640571515077544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of DYY on pathological changes of lung and pulmonary vessels. A: Masson staining of lung tissue of HPH mice. Scale bar: 200 μm; B: Wall thickness of pulmonary arteries of HPH mice. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=qKnbFoyXH2CfxiwoAfyhRQ==, figureFileBig=bg0O6hcedH2zmE2eETQtQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640572643345323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NRvECKKo7+DUwIgTjTJpJg==, figureFileBig=PIxQBqbQf/69ddDU8d40IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640572710454190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Network of "DYY-active ingredients in DYY for the prevention of pulmonary hypertension (PH)-core target genes" , figureFileSmall=NRvECKKo7+DUwIgTjTJpJg==, figureFileBig=PIxQBqbQf/69ddDU8d40IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640572886614961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ISuUxb/iupUGuzkXhMg5Fg==, figureFileBig=CjJIfgMkPN+YmrK2FbQF8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573079552946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of 108 core targets of DYY against PH , figureFileSmall=ISuUxb/iupUGuzkXhMg5Fg==, figureFileBig=CjJIfgMkPN+YmrK2FbQF8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573343794101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=N/7mNTjl2JhKmPiX0GBHbg==, figureFileBig=KAS1p+drMcBhV+bRksanBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573566092217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of predicted target genes of DYY against PH. A: GO; B: KEGG. BP: Biological process; CC: Cellular component; MF: Molecular function , figureFileSmall=N/7mNTjl2JhKmPiX0GBHbg==, figureFileBig=KAS1p+drMcBhV+bRksanBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573729670077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MCsZKP6w4VXuzVxAAHuvoA==, figureFileBig=dyRZcxrDfcaGSIYvMFF8Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573842916287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effect of DYY on IL-1<i>β</i> (A) and IL-6 (B) expression in lung, and IL-6 in serum (C) of HPH mice. <i>n</i> = 6-10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=MCsZKP6w4VXuzVxAAHuvoA==, figureFileBig=dyRZcxrDfcaGSIYvMFF8Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640573947773889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=STsUux5NDIKZH6fWrY/I4w==, figureFileBig=6SXoC0zC2R3QciPap4NY8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640574144906179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Effect of DYY on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) pathway in lung of HPH mice. A-D: Densitometric analyses of the relative amount of p-NF-<i>κ</i>B (A), phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3, B), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, C) and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (p-ERK1/2, D) compared to NF-<i>κ</i>B, STAT3, <i>β</i>-actin and ERK1/2, respectively. <i>n</i> = 6-10, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=STsUux5NDIKZH6fWrY/I4w==, figureFileBig=6SXoC0zC2R3QciPap4NY8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640574300095433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qOrEAWTSCj/5Vb/thRmncA==, figureFileBig=O7e69E2fswBIQyFzcFmMMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640574480450508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption= The mechanism of DYY in HPH mice , figureFileSmall=qOrEAWTSCj/5Vb/thRmncA==, figureFileBig=O7e69E2fswBIQyFzcFmMMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199640574618862540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward primerReverse primer
β-ActinTGAGCTGCGTTTTACACCCTGCCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTTT
IL-6CCCCAATTTCCAATGCTCTCCCGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA
IL-TGCCACCTTTTGACAGTGATGTGATGTGCTGCTGCGAGATT
), ArticleFig(id=1199640574757274577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). IL: Interleukin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward primerReverse primer
β-ActinTGAGCTGCGTTTTACACCCTGCCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTTT
IL-6CCCCAATTTCCAATGCTCTCCCGCACTAGGTTTGCCGAGTA
IL-TGCCACCTTTTGACAGTGATGTGATGTGCTGCTGCGAGATT
), ArticleFig(id=1199640574849549266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberName of compoundNumber of target genes
GC4Quercetin134
BS7Kaempferol52
BS5β-Sitosterol32
HQ4Baicalein30
ZM2Anhydroicaritin28
HQ19Stigmasterol27
), ArticleFig(id=1199640574912463825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624475861316305, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

The number of core target genes of key active ingredients in DYY

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberName of compoundNumber of target genes
GC4Quercetin134
BS7Kaempferol52
BS5β-Sitosterol32
HQ4Baicalein30
ZM2Anhydroicaritin28
HQ19Stigmasterol27
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达原饮通过NF-κB信号通路预防低氧性肺动脉高压作用及机制研究
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王建美 1, 2 , 王冉冉 1 , 袁天翊 1 , 秦雪梅 2 , 杜冠华 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(4): 928-937
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(4): 928-937
达原饮通过NF-κB信号通路预防低氧性肺动脉高压作用及机制研究
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王建美1, 2, 王冉冉1, 袁天翊1, 秦雪梅2, 杜冠华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京市药物靶点研究与新药筛选重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006

通讯作者:

*杜冠华, Tel: 86-10-63165184, E-mail:
The preventive effect and mechanism of Dayuanyin in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through NF-κB signaling pathway
Jian-mei WANG1, 2, Ran-ran WANG1, Tian-yi YUAN1, Xue-mei QIN2, Guan-hua DU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beijing Key Lab of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
出版时间: 2023-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1078
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达原饮(Dayuanyin, DYY) 在新冠肺炎和肺损伤中都有降低肺部炎症的作用。本实验拟探究DYY预防低氧性肺动脉高压(hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, HPH) 的药效和作用机制, 并对DYY保护肺功能的作用进行评价。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所动物伦理委员会的规定并获批准。将雄性C57/BL6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、达原饮组(800 mg·kg-1) 和阳性对照西地那非组(100 mg·kg-1), 造模前3天灌胃给予对照溶剂或药物, 第4天开始将模型组、达原饮组、西地那非组动物置于含10% ± 0.5%氧气的低氧舱中饲养, 正常对照组动物于正常环境中饲养, 继续连续给予对照溶剂或药物14天。实验终点检测小鼠右心室收缩压、右心室肥厚指数、脏器指数等各项指标, 同时检测小鼠肺组织中炎症因子的表达水平。利用网络药理学对DYY在肺动脉高压上的潜在作用靶点进行预测, 并通过Western blot实验检测细胞核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 信号通路相关蛋白的表达。DYY可显著降低HPH小鼠的右心室收缩压, 减轻小鼠肺脏损伤, 降低炎症因子表达, 还可抑制低氧诱导的NF-κB信号通路的激活。DYY具有保护肺功能的作用, 表现在DYY对HPH具有良好的药效, 预防用药可减缓疾病的发展。作用机制可能与DYY通过降低炎症因子的表达抑制NF-κB及信号转导和转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 的激活相关。

达原饮  /  低氧性肺动脉高压  /  右心室压  /  肺血管重塑  /  炎症因子  /  核因子κB信号通路

Dayuanyin (DYY) has been shown to reduce lung inflammation in both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lung injury. This experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of DYY against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and to evaluate the effect of DYY on the protection of lung function. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are approved and in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science. Male C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, DYY group (800 mg·kg-1), and positive control sildenafil group (100 mg·kg-1). The animals were given control solvents or drugs by gavage three days in advance. On day 4, the animals in the model group, DYY group and sildenafil group were kept in a hypoxic chamber containing 10% ± 0.5% oxygen, and the animals in the control group were kept in a normal environment, and the control solvent or drugs continued to be given continuously for 14 days. The right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy index, organ indices and other metrics were measured in the experimental endpoints. Meantime, the expression levels of the inflammatory factors in mice lung tissues were measured. The potential therapeutic targets of DYY on pulmonary hypertension were predicted using network pharmacology, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by Western blot assay. It was found that DYY significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated lung injury and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in mice. It can also inhibit hypoxia-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. DYY has a protective effect on lung function, as demonstrated by DYY has good efficacy in HPH, and preventive administration can slow down the disease progression, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by DYY.

Dayuanyin  /  hypoxic pulmonary hypertension  /  right ventricular systolic pressure  /  pulmonary vascular remodeling  /  inflammatory factor  /  nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway
王建美, 王冉冉, 袁天翊, 秦雪梅, 杜冠华. 达原饮通过NF-κB信号通路预防低氧性肺动脉高压作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (4) : 928 -937 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1078
Jian-mei WANG, Ran-ran WANG, Tian-yi YUAN, Xue-mei QIN, Guan-hua DU. The preventive effect and mechanism of Dayuanyin in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (4) : 928 -937 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1078
达原饮(Dayuanyin, DYY) 出自明代吴又可著的《瘟疫论》, 是用于治疗发热性瘟疫的经典名方, 全方由白芍、槟榔、草果、甘草、黄芩、厚朴、知母7味中药组成[1]。现代药理学研究表明, DYY在治疗呼吸道感染、肝炎及肺损伤等[2]方面发挥重要作用, 尤其是自2019年底新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发以来, 多项临床试验和基础实验均表明, DYY在减轻新冠肺炎症状[3, 4], 降低炎症因子表达, 保护肺脏组织等方面作用显著[5], 其中DYY组方中的主要活性成分厚朴酚[6]、黄芩苷[7]和槟榔碱[8]等也具有降低炎症因子表达, 改善肺部炎症的作用。达原饮治疗病毒性肺炎的作用特点突出表现在肺脏功能的选择性作用, 包括肺部感染、炎症、损伤和修复的过程, 但对于肺部血管是否具有保护作用, 目前未见报道。
肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension, PH) 是指肺动脉压力超过一定界值的、血流动力学异常的一种疾病状态, 最终导致右心衰竭, 甚至死亡[9, 10]。2018年, 世界肺动脉高压大会将肺动脉高压分为五类, 其中包含低氧性肺动脉高压(hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, HPH)。研究发现在HPH发生发展过程中, 肺部炎症及相关病变扮演着重要角色, 当低氧发生时, 肺泡中大量炎症细胞浸润, 引起肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖, 造成肺血管重塑, 导致HPH[11]。HPH的发病机制复杂, 目前研究较多的有磷酸磷脂酰肌醇-3羟基激酶和丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and serthreonine protein kinase, PI3K/AKT) 信号通路, c-Jun氨基末端激酶(phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)/信号转导和转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 信号通路和细胞核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB) 信号通路等, 其中NF-κB是血管炎症的关键调节因子, 低氧可激活NF-κB释放白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、IL-1等细胞因子介导氧化应激, 引起炎症反应[12]
目前PH的治疗药物主要包括内皮素受体拮抗剂、磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂、前列环素类药物和可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶激动剂等[13], 这些药物在一定程度上延长了患者生存时间, 但作用主要基于肺动脉血管的舒张, 并未从根本上治疗肺动脉高压, 目前没有针对性治疗HPH的药物[14, 15]
中药是我国的传统治疗药物, 以其多成分多靶点协同作用的特点已应用于多种疾病, 包括PH的作用研究, 从中药中寻找治疗PH的创新药物是药物研发的新途径[16]。在本课题组前期工作中, 通过文献调研, 选择了若干具有肺部保护作用的中药复方, 进行筛选评价, 结果发现DYY可能具有较好的心肺保护作用。基于DYY较好的心肺保护作用和抗击肺部炎症作用的特点, 推测DYY可能对HPH具有一定的药效作用。本研究利用低氧两周诱导的PH小鼠模型[17], 对DYY在HPH上的药效进行评价, 并结合网络药理学探讨其作用机制, 旨在阐明DYY对HPH具有预防作用, 初步探究其对肺功能和肺血管的作用及作用特点。
动物  SPF (specified pathogen free) 级C57/BL6J雄性小鼠40只, 21~22 g, 购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 许可证编号: SCXK (京) 2021-0006。小鼠饲养于温度(23 ± 1) ℃、湿度50% ± 5%条件下, 可自由饮水进食。动物福利和实验过程按照中国医学科学院药物研究所动物伦理委员会规定执行并获批准。
药品与试剂  达原饮提取物: 中药饮片槟榔、白芍、黄芩、厚朴、知母、草果、甘草购自北京美康堂医药科技有限公司, 质量均符合2020版《中华人民共和国药典》要求, 按处方比例(槟榔∶白芍∶黄芩∶厚朴∶知母∶草果∶甘草= 4∶2∶2∶2∶2∶1∶1) 投料, 加入5、4、3倍体积水回流提取3次, 每次1 h。合并提取液经浓缩、干燥得到浸膏粉, 提取率为25.50%。取达原饮提取物浸膏粉适量, 以生理盐水配成80 mg·mL-1, 给药剂量为800 mg·kg-1。西地那非(S4684, 纯度≥ 99%, Selleckchem公司), 以0.5%甲基纤维素(MC, M112867, Aladdin公司) 配成10 mg·mL-1混悬液, 给药剂量为100 mg·kg-1。三溴乙醇(T48402, Sigma公司), 加60%叔戊醇(A103417, Aladdin公司) 溶解, 以生理盐水配成4% (w/v) 的过饱和三溴乙醇溶液, 作为麻醉剂, 腹腔注射剂量为400 mg·kg-1β肌动蛋白(β-actin)、IL-1β和IL-6引物序列由PubMed网站设计(表 1), 北京奥科鼎盛生物科技有限公司合成; IL-6免疫酶联反应(ELISA) 试剂盒(EK206/3-96, 联科生物公司); p-NF-κB抗体(3033, 1∶1 000)、NF-κB抗体(8242, 1∶1 000)、p-STAT3抗体(9145, 1∶1 000)、STAT3抗体(9039, 1: 1 000)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2 (extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, ERK1/2) 抗体(3142, 1∶1 000)、p-ERK1/2抗体(4370, 1∶1 000) (Cell Signaling Technology公司); 增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA) 抗体(29, 1∶1 000, Abcam公司); β-actin抗体(60008-1-IG, 1∶5 000, Proteintech公司); 辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗兔(P03S02, 1∶5000)、山羊抗鼠(P03S01, 1∶5 000) 二抗(北京金普来生物科技有限公司)。
仪器  Millar微型压力导管(美国Millar公司); SpectraMax M5酶标仪(Molecular Devices公司); Allergra X-22R Centrifuge高速冷冻离心机(Beckman Coulter公司); Attendor 140 Pro低氧舱(广州华粤行公司); NIHON KOHDEN血液分析仪(日本光电公司); TX223L电子天平(日本岛津制作所); DYY-6C型电泳仪电源(北京六一生物科技有限公司); Applied Biosystems 7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher公司)。
动物分组与模型制备  C57/BL6J雄性小鼠共40只, 适应性饲养3天, 按照随机数字表法分为4组: 正常对照组、模型组、西地那非组(100 mg·kg-1)、达原饮组(800 mg·kg-1), 每组10只。小鼠自由饮水进食, 提前3天灌胃给药, 正常对照组和模型组灌胃给予10 mL·kg-1的0.5% MC。从第4天开始除正常对照组外, 其余各组均置于含10% ± 0.5%氧气的低氧舱中, 饲养两周, 舱内放有CO2吸附剂和除湿剂, 分别除去舱内的CO2和H2O。每天上午开舱1 h给药, 并监测小鼠体重及死亡情况。实验终点时, 400 mg·kg-1三溴乙醇麻醉固定小鼠, 并检测小鼠的血流动力学、脏器指数、静脉血中细胞分布、炎症因子和蛋白信号通路等。
血流动力学检测  实验终点时, 腹腔注射400 mg·kg-1三溴乙醇麻醉固定小鼠。剪开小鼠的右颈部皮肤, 钝性分离颈外静脉, 暴露血管, 剔除周围神经和肌肉, 远心端结扎, 近心端系一活结, 用显微剪在血管上剪一“V”型切口, 将米勒导管经颈外静脉到达上腔静脉再到右心房最后到达右心室, 出现稳定的右心室波形, 检测右心室收缩压(right ventricular systolic pressure, RVSP), 持续记录2 min[18]
脏器指数检测  预冷的无菌生理盐水沿右心室灌流, 取小鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾各脏器组织, 生理盐水冲洗, 滤纸吸干水分, 电子天平称重。脏器指数(%) =脏器质量/小鼠体质量× 100%。沿心耳下缘剪下整个心室, 沿室间隔边缘剪下右心室, 称量心室和右心室(RV) 的质量, 计算左心室加室间隔(LV+S) 质量。富尔顿指数为RV/(LV+S), 作为右心室有无肥厚的检测指标[17]
全血细胞计数  实验结束后取小鼠静脉血20 μL, 采用血液分析仪及其配套试剂检测各组小鼠血液中的淋巴细胞和单细胞的数量。
肺病理组织学观察  经灌流后分离小鼠肺组织, 取左肺下叶, 置于含4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定, 石蜡包埋后连续切片, Masson染色, 观察肺组织病理变化(特别是肺血管的病理变化)。检测、计算血管厚度[血管厚度= (外径-内径)/2], 并观察组织纤维化程度。
DYY活性成分相关作用靶点  利用TCMSP数据库(https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmspsearch.php) 收集白芍、槟榔、草果、甘草、黄芩、厚朴、知母7味中药的活性成分, 以口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability, OB) ≥ 30%、类药性(drug-likeness, DL) ≥ 0.18作为筛选条件, 并结合文献调研进行合理的取舍, 收集到DYY的活性成分。同时利用TCMSP数据库预测DYY活性成分靶点, TCMSP中未纳入的使用Swiss TargetPrediction数据库预测靶点。利用UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/) 对收集到的活性成分靶点进行蛋白名称与基因的转化, 最终获得DYY活性成分预测的靶点基因。
PH疾病相关靶点  以“pulmonary hypertension”为关键词在“DrugBank” ( https://go.drugbank.com/ ) 、“GeneCard” (http://www.genecards.org/ ) 、“OMIM” ( http://www.omim.org/ ) 等数据库中获得疾病靶点基因, 利用UniProt数据库对靶点基因的名称进行规范化处理。
构建DYY预防PH相关化合物-靶点基因网络  取DYY活性成分靶点基因与疾病靶点基因的交集, 得到共同靶点基因信息。以DYY对PH起预防作用的靶点基因为起点, 寻找靶点基因映射的活性成分及中药, 构建DYY-活性成分-靶点基因之间的相互作用网络[12]。网络可直观阐明疾病与活性化合物和微观分子靶点基因间的复杂关系, 并获得DYY预防PH相关联的多种成分和靶点基因。
构建DYY抗PH作用靶点相互作用网络  将共有靶点基因带入STRING数据库(http://string-db.org/), 物种设为“Homo sapiens”, 最低置信度为0.99, 获得蛋白之间相互作用(PPI) 信息。利用Cytoscape3.8.2构建PPI网络, 以拓扑学参数度值(degree) 为依据筛选, 并以节点大小的形式显现, 度值越大反映的是DYY在预防PH的靶点中与该靶点相互作用的靶点数目越多, 该靶点在DYY预防PH过程中的作用越大。
DYY预防PH靶点基因的相关通路富集分析  利用Metascape平台对DYY预防PH的靶点基因分别进行细胞组成(cellular component, CC)、分子功能(molecular function, MF)、生物过程(biological process, BP) 分析和KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) 通路富集分析。富集分析结果, 经微生信平台对CC、MF、BP中P值最小的前10进行结果展示, 同时对KEGG通路分析中P值最小的前20进行展示。
肺组织中IL-6和IL-1β的表达  通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR) 检测肺组织中炎症因子的表达。RT-qPCR体系: 2×AceQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix 10 μL、10 μmol·L-1 Primer 1 μL、cDNA 5 μL、ddH2O 4 μL, 反应条件为: 预变性95 ℃ 5 min, 循环反应(40次): 95 ℃ 10 s、60 ℃ 30 s, 融解曲线: 95 ℃ 15 s、60 ℃ 60 s、95 ℃ 15 s, 使用ABI7900HT进行荧光定量分析。以β-actin作为内参, 采用2-ΔΔCT法统计分析基因的相对表达量。
ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IL-6的表达  取冻存于-80 ℃的小鼠血清, 冰上溶解, 离心, 取上清用于检测, 具体操作过程详见说明书。
Western blot检测小鼠肺组织中的STAT3、NF-κB、ERK1/2和PCNA的表达  向50 mg肺组织中加入0.5 mL RAPI裂解缓冲液, 研磨、冰上裂解30 min, 4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 收集上清, BCA (bicinchoninic acid) 法定量分析, 按照比例加入定量的5×上样缓冲液和H2O, 100 ℃加热10 min使蛋白变性。蛋白使用SDS-PAGE进行电泳, Western blot检测小鼠肺组织中STAT3、NF-κB、ERK1/2和PCNA的表达。
统计学方法  采用GraphPad Prism 9版软件作图, 各组间采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 进行数据统计分析, 组间两两比较使用Dunnett法检验, 所有的数据均以x± s表示, 以P < 0.05表示具有统计学意义。
实验中监测小鼠进舱后每天的体重, 正常对照组小鼠体重在第8天时受外界环境不可控因素的影响出现短暂下降, 其余时间均维持在较稳定缓慢增长状态。低氧小鼠入舱后第2天体重出现急剧下降, 之后维持在稳定状态。与模型组相比, 西地那非组和DYY组均未表现出明显的改善小鼠体重的作用(图 1A)。
实验终点时, 右心导管法检测各组小鼠的RVSP, 以此代替肺动脉压。结果如图 1BC所示, 与正常对照组相比, 模型组小鼠的RVSP升高了55.7%, 给予DYY和西地那非后RVSP显著降低, 与模型组相比, 分别降低了22.3%和27.9%。此外低氧还刺激小鼠心率加快(图 1D), 给予西地那非和DYY在一定程度上均有减轻, 但无统计学差异。
低氧会对小鼠体内的多种脏器造成损伤, 通过计算RVHI和其他各脏器指数, 评价低氧对小鼠脏器和右心功能的影响。结果显示, 与正常对照组相比, 模型组的肺脏指数显著升高, 给予DYY后, 与模型组小鼠相比肺脏指数显著降低, 结果如图 1E所示, 表明DYY可明显改善了低氧引起的小鼠肺脏损伤。此外, 低氧还对小鼠的脾脏产生了一定影响, 但心脏指数、RVHI和其他脏器指数无明显变化, 说明低氧两周对多种脏器均无明显影响, 也表明DYY对各脏器指数无明显影响, 如图 1F~J所示。
利用血液分析仪对小鼠静脉血中的细胞进行计数分析, 结果显示低氧减少了HPH小鼠血液中淋巴细胞数量, 增加了单核细胞的数量(图 2), 表明低氧给小鼠带来一定的炎症反应, 而DYY恰好能改善这种炎症反应。
小鼠肺组织经固定、包埋、切片, Masson染色观察小鼠肺组织的病理变化(包含肺血管的病理情况), 结果如图 3所示。与正常对照组相比, 模型组小鼠的肺组织病理变化明显, 血管壁增厚, 肺部纤维化严重。在给予DYY后, 与模型组相比DYY组小鼠肺血管的管壁厚度明显减小, 肺部纤维化程度明显减轻。与阳性药西地那非组相比, DYY改善肺部纤维化和减小肺血管管壁厚度的效果更好。
基于TCMSP数据库结合文献调研共获得66种DYY的活性成分, 其中白芍8种, 槟榔8种, 草果5种, 甘草9种[19-21], 厚朴1种, 黄芩31种, 知母12种(各中药之间存在重复成分), 预测到240种靶点基因。同时基于“DrugBank”、“GeneCard”、“OMIM”数据库, 以“pulmonary hypertension”为关键词收集到5 999个PH相关靶点基因[包含IL家族和TNF (tumor necrosis factor) 家族的多种基因], 其中DYY在PH疾病上发挥作用的靶点基因共219种。
利用DYY作用于PH的相关靶点基因及其映射的相关化合物构建“DYY-化合物-靶点基因”网络, 包含7种中药66种相关化合物和219个DYY预防PH的靶点基因(图 4)。六边形代表 7味中药, 正方形代表219个靶点基因, 圆形代表DYY对PH发挥作用的活性成分。其中不同颜色分别表示不同药材来源的活性成分: 绿色: 甘草; 灰色: 黄芩; 橘色: 知母; 蓝色: 槟榔; 青色: 厚朴; 粉色: 草果; 紫色: 白芍。其中包含了多种中药的共有化合物。从网络中可看出, 槲皮素、山奈酚、β谷甾醇、黄芩素、脱水淫羊藿素、豆甾醇是参与DYY预防PH基因靶点较多的化合物(表 2)。上述化合物和其他小分子物质相互作用共同发挥DYY预防PH的作用。
利用Cytoscape3.8.2将DYY在PH中发挥作用的相关靶点之间的相互作用信息构建成PPI网络(图 5)。PPI网络共由108个节点和190条边组成, 同心圆中心部分是根据拓扑学参数度值(degree) 筛选的前6作为核心作用靶点, 在DYY预防PH中起关键作用。PPI网络提示DYY可能是通过调节STAT3、TNF、RELA (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A) 和IL等炎症相关靶点发挥对PH的预防作用, 也可能是通过作用于其他核心靶点, 起保护肺脏功能的作用。
利用Metascape平台对DYY预防PH的靶点基因进行GO (gene ontology) 和KEGG富集分析, 共富集到2 046个BP、116个CC、238个MF。分别取BP、CC和MF分析的前10进行展示(图 6A): 绿色: BP; 红色: CC; 蓝色: MF。DYY主要参与机体对激素、外来刺激、无机物反应和细胞对脂质反应及炎症反应等生物学过程; 涉及受体复合物、突触后膜、转录调节复合物和核膜等细胞成分; 同时DYY参与预防PH还与氧化还原酶激活、细胞因子受体结合、蛋白酶激活等分子功能密切相关。
KEGG分析共富集到216条信号通路, 涉及多种关键信号通路(图 6B), 气泡大小表示关键基因富集在KEGG上的数量, 颜色表示富集的显著性。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) 信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) 信号通路等在DYY预防PH中可能发挥重要作用, 其中MAPK信号通路与肺血管细胞增殖相关, VEGF信号通路与肺部血管生成相关, NF-κB信号通路在介导炎症反应参与心血管疾病中发挥重要作用。本研究专注于DYY保护低氧引起的小鼠肺脏组织炎症和肺功能变化的研究, 因此主要对DYY是否可通过NF-κB信号通路发挥对HPH的预防作用进行探索。
利用qRT-PCR技术探究DYY对HPH小鼠肺组织中IL-1β和IL-6转录水平的影响(图 7AB)。与正常对照组相比, 模型组小鼠肺组织中的IL-1β的转录水平明显上升, 给予DYY后显著降低。此外, 模型组小鼠肺组织中IL-6的转录水平也呈现上升趋势, 给予DYY后有下降趋势, 但无显著性差异, 表明DYY可明显改善低氧引起的小鼠肺部的炎症。
为了进一步探究低氧对小鼠体内IL-6的影响, 利用ELISA实验对小鼠血清中IL-6的含量进行了检测。结果显示(图 7C), 低氧两周使得小鼠血清中IL-6的表达明显上调, 给予DYY后, 小鼠血清中IL-6的表达显著降低, 说明DYY可明显降低HPH小鼠血清中IL-6的表达。
Western blot实验检测小鼠肺组织中的STAT3、NF-κB、ERK1/2、PCNA的表达(图 8)。与正常对照组相比模型组小鼠肺组织中p-STAT3/STAT3、p-NF-κB/NF-κB和p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平均显著升高, 给予DYY后, 显著降低了小鼠肺组织中STAT3、NF-κB和ERK1/2蛋白的磷酸化表达水平。此外, 低氧诱导PCNA的表达增强, 给予DYY后, PCNA的表达明显下调。结果说明DYY能抑制低氧引起的肺血管细胞增殖。
HPH多发于慢性阻塞性肺疾病、睡眠呼吸障碍和间质性肺疾病患者, 主要是由于长期缺氧造成了肺内皮细胞受损, 内皮舒张因子减少, 引起肺血管收缩和重塑, 进而导致了HPH的发生。缺氧是目前公认的稳定的重复性高的制备PH的常见模型, 本研究利用低氧模型对DYY的药效进行评价。小鼠置于低氧舱中饲养两周, 构建了HPH两周小鼠模型。实验终点时, 右心导管法测得小鼠的RVSP, 与正常对照组相比, 模型组小鼠RVSP明显升高, 同时模型组小鼠的肺脏指数显著升高, 表明低氧也对小鼠的肺脏造成了一定损伤。Masson染色结果显示, 模型组小鼠出现了明显的肺血管壁增厚和肺部纤维化。此外, 低氧还对小鼠的脾脏造成了一定影响, 但尚未引起小鼠RVHI和其他脏器指数的显著变化, 表明低氧两周对小鼠的右心室肥厚和心脏损伤不明显。模型组实验小鼠的肺动脉高压相关指标RVSP、RVHI和肺脏指数均与Yuan等[17]的研究结果相一致, 表明成功构建了HPH模型。
给予DYY可显著降低HPH小鼠的RVSP, 改善低氧引起的肺损伤、肺血管管壁增厚和肺部纤维化。DYY可改善低氧引起的小鼠肺部炎症, 且对小鼠脏器不存在毒性反应, 说明DYY对HPH的发生具有一定的预防作用。
DYY作为中药复方的经典方剂, 成分复杂, 尚不能确定DYY预防HPH的作用机制。为探究DYY预防HPH的作用机制, 利用中医网络药理学方法较为准确地为DYY作用于PH的主要药效成分和作用机制进行预测[22, 23], 并加以实验研究。通过整合多种数据库共获得DYY作用于PH的靶点基因219个, 主要包含炎症因子、信号传导及转录激活因子和核转录因子等。经KEGG富集分析, 发现DYY预防PH的作用机制可能涉及MAPK、NF-κB、VEGF等信号通路。为进一步研究DYY在炎症方面的作用机制, 进行了NF-κB信号通路在DYY预防HPH中的作用研究。在已有的关于胶质母细胞瘤的研究中发现, TNF-α大量释放, 通过激活NF-κB诱导STAT3上调促进细胞增殖[24]。本研究发现, 机体炎症发生时, 释放大量IL-1β和IL-6, 激活磷酸化NF-κB[25]和磷酸化STAT3[26], 诱导细胞增殖。
DYY主要可能通过抑制IL-1β和IL-6等炎症因子的表达, 抑制NF-κB和STAT3的激活, 进而抑制肺血管细胞增殖和肺血管重塑, 发挥对HPH的预防作用, 信号通路如图 9所示。此外, DYY还能抑制靶点ERK1/2的表达。本研究发现的DYY发挥特异性的肺部抗炎作用与Ren[27]发现的DYY具有对抗脂多糖诱导的肺部炎症作用的研究结论相一致。
综上所述, DYY对HPH具有一定的预防作用, 具有保护心肺功能的作用。DYY对HPH发挥预防作用可能是通过抑制炎症因子的表达从而抑制NF-κB和STAT3实现的。研究结果进一步提示, DYY对于动物肺功能和肺脏病变有选择性保护作用, 可能与预期治疗病毒性肺炎也有密切关系。
作者贡献: 杜冠华负责构思、设计本研究; 杜冠华、袁天翊进行论文修改和基金获得; 王建美撰写文章; 王冉冉参与动物实验; 袁天翊和王建美进行数据处理与分析; 秦雪梅负责论文监督。
利益冲突: 所有作者无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82141204)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073853)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程-重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-005)
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2023年第58卷第4期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1078
  • 接收时间:2022-09-26
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-04-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26
  • 修回日期:2022-11-14
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82141204)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073853)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程-重大协同创新项目(2021-I2M-1-005)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京市药物靶点研究与新药筛选重点实验室, 北京 100050
    2.山西大学中医药现代研究中心, 山西 太原 030006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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