Article(id=1198624473705447481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1167, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667232000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-01, revisedDate=1671984000000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703943897, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1681228800000, pubDateStr=2023-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703943897, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703943897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703943897, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624466902287155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1092', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703942275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704125380, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625234971619912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625234971619913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624466902287155, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=938, endPage=945, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624474565279822, articleId=1198624473705447481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effect and mechanism of gerbeloid J from Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. on cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer cells, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Breast cancer has become the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, putting the health of women at serious risk. Screening for lead compounds in the active ingredients of plant that are effective and less toxic continues to be an important strategy for treating breast cancer. Gerbeloid J, a coumarin isolated from Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., showed significant anti-cancer activity. But there is no report on the effect and mechanism of gerbeloid J on cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer. By using the CCK-8, clone formation, and PI staining assays, the effects of gerbeloid J on the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed in this study. The effects of gerbeloid J on the apoptosis and mitochondrial function of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed using DAPI, Annexin V/TO-PRO-3, Rhod-2 AM, TMRM, DCFDA staining assays, and Western blot. The results demonstrated that gerbeloid J regulated the P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1 pathway and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase to suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, gerbeloid J induced apoptosis through the stimulation of mitochondrial calcium excess, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotion of ROS generation, and its mechanism was related to the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, by regulating the P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1 pathway and activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, gerbeloid J could cause breast cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which might offer a promising candidate for the creation of new drugs against breast cancer.

, correspAuthors=Zhong-mei ZOU, Lei WAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing-rong LI, Ling-yu LI, Chen-xu ZHAO, Hai SHANG, Tao ZHANG, Zhong-mei ZOU, Lei WAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624476456911114, articleId=1198624473705447481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

乳腺癌已成为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤, 严重危害女性的健康。从传统药物中筛选出高效低毒的先导化合物是开发乳腺癌治疗药物的有效途径之一。毛大丁草内酯J是本课题组前期从民族药毛大丁草中分离得到的一种新型香豆素类化合物, 具有显著的抗肿瘤活性, 但关于毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响及作用机制尚不明确。本研究利用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、PI染色法探讨毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖及周期的影响。通过DAPI、Annexin V/TO-PRO-3、Rhod-2 AM、TMRM、DCFDA染色法及蛋白免疫印迹法考察毛大丁草内酯J对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡及线粒体功能的影响。结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J通过调控P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1通路, 将细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期, 显著抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖。此外, 毛大丁草内酯J能诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞发生线粒体钙超载, 线粒体膜电位降低, 活性氧生成增加, 引发细胞凋亡, 其作用机制与激活线粒体凋亡通路有关。综上, 毛大丁草内酯J可通过调控P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1通路及激活线粒体凋亡通路诱导乳腺癌细胞周期阻滞及凋亡, 为乳腺癌新药研发提供新的候选化合物。

, correspAuthors=邹忠梅, 宛蕾, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邹忠梅, Tel: 86-10-57833290, E-mail: ;
宛蕾, Tel: 86-851-88174012, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0ZdmkFGQotKtBCd1QpLwRw==, magXml=gEM16k7Xl9V0uc6F0Wd2rg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2Hvy3bdFM3spJRDVH1j4WQ==, pdfFileSize=3515311, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TsxAB2bWNdCWs+UO32pjFg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bcn+cN/0GOEH+O1o9lwECA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=李靖荣, 李凌宇, 赵晨旭, 尚海, 张涛, 邹忠梅, 宛蕾)}, authors=[Author(id=1198702038059152233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702038176592757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, authorId=1198702038059152233, language=EN, stringName=Jing-rong LI, firstName=Jing-rong, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 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A: The chemical structure of gerbeloid J; B: Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay after treatment with gerbeloid J (0 to 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h; C: Formed colonies were stained with crystal violet after treatment with gerbeloid J (0 to 16 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 14 days. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> 0 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> (control) , figureFileSmall=wgeINwvxpV5cNNpseE6Jxw==, figureFileBig=qo4mixUgQ4BRJcMhZaC1Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702044472242628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UO7HvDk7Qh2Vj+mN6C7rnw==, figureFileBig=wYHVzaHj4etcYy2cYdSmoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702044623237584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Gerbeloid J caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were treated with gerbeloid J (0 to 16 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h. A: Cell was evaluated by PI staining method; B: The expression of P21, cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1 and cell division cycle (CDC) 25C were detected by Western blot. <i>α</i>-Tubulin was used as a loading control. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control , figureFileSmall=UO7HvDk7Qh2Vj+mN6C7rnw==, figureFileBig=wYHVzaHj4etcYy2cYdSmoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702044828758503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ydrSUKQkNJb7mq4XkHBZwQ==, figureFileBig=sriyceBo52xAEPR+feiUHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702045000724983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Gerbeloid J induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were treated with gerbeloid J (0 to 16 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h. A: The morphological changes in nuclear chromatin were stained with Nucblue<sup>TM</sup>. Scale bar: 20 μm; B: Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V and TO-PRO<sup>TM</sup> 3 Ready Flow staining method. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; C: The levels of mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> was measured by the Rhod-2 acetoxymethyl ester (Rhod-2 AM) staining; D: The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by staining with 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA); E: The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by the tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM) staining, and representative images are shown. Scale bar: 20 μm , figureFileSmall=ydrSUKQkNJb7mq4XkHBZwQ==, figureFileBig=sriyceBo52xAEPR+feiUHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702045147525634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1QM5rEr58cGJUbybjFAenA==, figureFileBig=lYFCAdSWZ/npQEHooce9BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702045252383247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Gerbeloid J induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in MCF-7 (A) and MDA-MB-231 (B) cells. Cells were treated with gerbeloid J (0 to 16 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 24 h. The expression of proteins related to mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were detected by Western blot. <i>α</i>-Tubulin was used as a loading control. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control , figureFileSmall=1QM5rEr58cGJUbybjFAenA==, figureFileBig=lYFCAdSWZ/npQEHooce9BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702045407572508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3nTbQXP0F+NP8b3PyaEUwA==, figureFileBig=jBTjMUVH8F9xtWBhrPZN+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702045566956066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624473705447481, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Schematic models demonstrating the anti-tumor effect of gerbeloid J from <i>Gerbera piloselloides</i> (L.) 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毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响及机制研究
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李靖荣 1 , 李凌宇 2 , 赵晨旭 2 , 尚海 2 , 张涛 2 , 邹忠梅 2, * , 宛蕾 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(4): 938-945
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(4): 938-945
毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响及机制研究
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李靖荣1, 李凌宇2, 赵晨旭2, 尚海2, 张涛2, 邹忠梅2, * , 宛蕾1, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学基础医学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 北京 100193

通讯作者:

*邹忠梅, Tel: 86-10-57833290, E-mail: ;
宛蕾, Tel: 86-851-88174012, E-mail:
Effect and mechanism of gerbeloid J from Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. on cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer cells
Jing-rong LI1, Ling-yu LI2, Chen-xu ZHAO2, Hai SHANG2, Tao ZHANG2, Zhong-mei ZOU2, * , Lei WAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union College, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2023-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1167
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乳腺癌已成为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤, 严重危害女性的健康。从传统药物中筛选出高效低毒的先导化合物是开发乳腺癌治疗药物的有效途径之一。毛大丁草内酯J是本课题组前期从民族药毛大丁草中分离得到的一种新型香豆素类化合物, 具有显著的抗肿瘤活性, 但关于毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响及作用机制尚不明确。本研究利用CCK-8法、克隆形成实验、PI染色法探讨毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖及周期的影响。通过DAPI、Annexin V/TO-PRO-3、Rhod-2 AM、TMRM、DCFDA染色法及蛋白免疫印迹法考察毛大丁草内酯J对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡及线粒体功能的影响。结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J通过调控P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1通路, 将细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期, 显著抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖。此外, 毛大丁草内酯J能诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞发生线粒体钙超载, 线粒体膜电位降低, 活性氧生成增加, 引发细胞凋亡, 其作用机制与激活线粒体凋亡通路有关。综上, 毛大丁草内酯J可通过调控P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1通路及激活线粒体凋亡通路诱导乳腺癌细胞周期阻滞及凋亡, 为乳腺癌新药研发提供新的候选化合物。

乳腺癌  /  毛大丁草  /  毛大丁草内酯J  /  增殖  /  凋亡

Breast cancer has become the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, putting the health of women at serious risk. Screening for lead compounds in the active ingredients of plant that are effective and less toxic continues to be an important strategy for treating breast cancer. Gerbeloid J, a coumarin isolated from Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., showed significant anti-cancer activity. But there is no report on the effect and mechanism of gerbeloid J on cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer. By using the CCK-8, clone formation, and PI staining assays, the effects of gerbeloid J on the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed in this study. The effects of gerbeloid J on the apoptosis and mitochondrial function of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed using DAPI, Annexin V/TO-PRO-3, Rhod-2 AM, TMRM, DCFDA staining assays, and Western blot. The results demonstrated that gerbeloid J regulated the P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1 pathway and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase to suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, gerbeloid J induced apoptosis through the stimulation of mitochondrial calcium excess, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotion of ROS generation, and its mechanism was related to the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, by regulating the P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1 pathway and activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, gerbeloid J could cause breast cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which might offer a promising candidate for the creation of new drugs against breast cancer.

breast cancer  /  Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass.  /  gerbeloid J  /  proliferation  /  apoptosis
李靖荣, 李凌宇, 赵晨旭, 尚海, 张涛, 邹忠梅, 宛蕾. 毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响及机制研究. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (4) : 938 -945 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1167
Jing-rong LI, Ling-yu LI, Chen-xu ZHAO, Hai SHANG, Tao ZHANG, Zhong-mei ZOU, Lei WAN. Effect and mechanism of gerbeloid J from Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. on cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (4) : 938 -945 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1167
乳腺癌是一种发生于乳腺腺上皮组织的恶性肿瘤, 受遗传、环境及生活方式等多因素影响[1]。据全球癌症统计数据显示, 乳腺癌新发病例增长至226万例, 已成为全球发病率最高的肿瘤类型, 其发病趋于年轻化且致死率逐年升高[2-4]。目前, 乳腺癌的治疗方案主要以手术、内分泌治疗、放化疗等综合方案为主, 但仍存在着预后不良、毒副作用严重等问题[5, 6]。近年来, 传统药物以毒副作用低、治疗效果强等独特优势在治疗癌症方面脱颖而出[7]。因此, 在现有临床药物的基础上, 从民族药等传统药物中寻找和开发安全有效、高效低毒的新型药物治疗乳腺癌迫在眉睫。
菊科植物毛大丁草[Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass.] 主要含有香豆素、萜类、黄酮等多种化学成分, 其全草作为传统药物被侗族、水族、苗族等少数民族广泛利用, 具有清热解毒、宣肺止咳、行气活血等多种功效, 主要用于治疗咳喘、肠胃炎、痢疾等, 药用前景广阔[8-11]。前期本课题组对毛大丁草的化学成分进行了研究, 从中分离得到的一种新型香豆素类化合物毛大丁草内酯J (gerbeloid J), 发现该化合物能抑制肝癌、乳腺癌及胃癌等多株肿瘤细胞的增殖, 其中对于乳腺癌细胞的抗肿瘤活性最为显著[12]。然而, 毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期及凋亡的作用及机制尚不明确。因此, 本研究旨在探讨毛大丁草中香豆素化合物毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞周期及凋亡的影响及其作用机制, 以期为乳腺癌新药的研发与毛大丁草活性的研究提供理论基础和科学依据。
细胞和试剂  人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7 (CL-0149)、MDA-MB-231 (CL-0150) 均购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司。毛大丁草内酯J (纯度 > 98%) 为本课题组从毛大丁草中分离得到; 胎牛血清(10099-141)、DMEM高糖培养基(8122175)、青霉素-链霉素(15140-122) 购自Gibco公司; 碘化丙啶(propidium iodide, PI, R37169)、Annexin V Ready Flow (R37174)、TO-PROTM 3 Ready Flow (R37170)、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒(A53225)、ProLongTM Glass Antifade Mountant with NucblueTM (P36981) 购自Thermo Fisher Scientific公司; 四甲基罗丹明甲酯(tetramethylrhodamine, TMRM, Ab275547)、钙离子荧光探针(Rhod-2 acetoxymethyl ester, Rhod-2 AM, Ab142780)、山羊抗小鼠IgG H & L (HRP) 预吸附二抗(Ab97040)、山羊抗兔IgG H & L (HRP) 预吸附二抗(Ab7090) 购自Abcam公司; 2', 7'-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, DCFDA, HY-D0940) 购自MedChemExpress公司; 细胞周期蛋白(cyclin) B1 (A16038)、细胞细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK) 1 (A0220)、聚腺甘酸二磷酸核糖基聚合酶(poly ADP-ribose polymerase, PARP, A19596)、细胞分裂周期(cell division cycle, CDC) 25C (A1672) 购自Abclonal公司; 半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase, caspase) 3 (66470-2-Ig)、caspase-9 (66169-1-Ig)、细胞色素(cytochrome) C (10993-1-AP)、α-tubulin (HRP-6603) 购自Proteintech公司; B淋巴细胞瘤(B-cell lymphoma, Bcl) 2 (15071)、Bcl-2关联X (Bcl-2 associated x, Bax, 5023T)、P21 (2946S) 购自Cell Signaling Technology公司; Quick BlockTM Western封闭液(P0252)、一抗稀释液(P0256)、二抗稀释液(P0258)、TBSTw (ST673) 购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。
实验仪器  H1型多功能酶标仪(美国Biotek公司); FACS Calibur流式细胞仪(美国BD公司); 多功能成像分析系统(上海勤翔科学仪器有限公司); PSC603-07S型荧光显微镜(美国OPLENIC公司); H1850R型台式高速冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪动力测试仪器有限公司)。
细胞培养  取生长汇合度至80%及以上MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞, 使用0.25%胰酶消化, 收集细胞并重悬, 以每毫升1.5×104个的细胞密度分别接种于含DMEM完全培养基(含1%青霉素-链霉素及10%胎牛血清) 的T-75无菌透气培养瓶内, 并置于37 ℃、含5% CO2湿润空气的培养箱内培养, 待细胞生长汇合度至80%及以上时进行细胞传代处理。
CCK-8法检测细胞活性  收集MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞, 将细胞密度调整为每毫升1×105个, 分别接种于96孔板内, 加入含不同浓度毛大丁草内酯J (0、6、8、12、16、20 μmol·L-1) 的培养液进行干预, 培养24 h后加入CCK-8试剂, 置于培养箱内孵育1 h, 使用多功能酶标仪在450 nm波长处测定其吸光度值。
结晶紫检测细胞克隆形成能力  取处于对数生长期的MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞, 调整细胞密度为每毫升200个, 分别接种于6孔板内, 加入含不同浓度毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 的培养液培养14天后, 加入4%多聚甲醛固定细胞10 min, 使用结晶紫染色10 min, 水洗去除结晶紫, 晾干后进行拍照记录。
PI染色测定细胞周期  取处于对数生长期的MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞, 以每毫升3×105个的细胞密度分别接种于6孔板内, 加入各浓度毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 干预24 h后, 收集细胞, 使用70%乙醇固定细胞并置于-20 ℃过夜孵育, PBS重悬细胞后向流式管内加入100 μg·mL-1 RNase和PI染液, 室温孵育20 min, 使用流式细胞仪检测细胞内DNA的相对含量。
DAPI染色检测细胞核染色质形态  以每毫升4×104个的细胞密度将MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞分别接种于置有直径为8 mm爬片的48孔板内, 不同浓度的毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h, 去除上清, PBS洗涤细胞, 4%多聚甲醛固定细胞10 min, PBS洗涤细胞, 取出爬片, 置于含有ProLongTM Glass Antifade Mountant with NucblueTM染色液的载玻片上, 4 ℃孵育15 min, 使用荧光显微镜观察染色情况并拍照记录。
Annexin V/TO-PRO-3双染测定细胞凋亡  取处于对数生长期的MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞, 调整细胞密度为每毫升3×105个, 分别接种于6 cm直径的细胞培养皿中, 不同浓度的毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h后, 收集细胞, PBS洗涤细胞, 向流式管内分别加入Annexin V和TO-PRO-3染液, 室温孵育30 min, 使用流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞的比例。
Rhod-2 AM染色测定线粒体内Ca2+水平  将MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞以每毫升3×105个的细胞密度分别接种于6孔板内, 用不同浓度的毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h, 去除含药培养基, 加入Rhod-2 AM荧光染料(5 μmol·L-1) 37 ℃孵育20 min, 吸弃染色液, PBS清洗细胞, 收集细胞, 使用流式细胞仪检测细胞线粒体内Ca2+水平的变化。
DCFDA染色测定细胞内活性氧含量  将MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞以每毫升3×105个的细胞密度分别接种于6孔板内, 用各浓度的毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h, 加入DCFDA荧光探针(10 μmol·L-1) 室温避光孵育30 min, 收集细胞, PBS洗涤细胞, 使用流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 含量的变化。
TMRM荧光染色检测线粒体膜电位  以每毫升4×104个的细胞密度将MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞分别接种于48孔板内, 不同浓度的毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h, 加入TMRM荧光染料(200 nmol·L-1) 室温避光孵育20 min, PBS洗涤细胞, 使用荧光显微镜观察染色情况并拍照记录。
Western blot检测  收集MCF-7细胞、MDA-MB-231细胞, 将细胞密度调整为每毫升2.5×106个, 分别接种于直径为10 cm细胞培养皿中, 不同浓度的毛大丁草内酯J (0、8、12、16 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h, PBS洗涤细胞, 收集细胞, 加入RIPA细胞裂解液(200 μL) 置于冰上裂解细胞30 min, 12 000 r·min-1离心10 min后收集上清, 使用BCA试剂盒进行蛋白定量, 100 ℃高温变性蛋白, 恒压(120 V) 电泳分离蛋白后, 将凝胶中的蛋白低温恒流(250 mA) 湿转至PVDF膜上, 室温封闭20 min, 一抗(稀释比为1∶5 000) 4 ℃过夜孵育后, 每隔7 min使用TBST缓冲液(含20%Tween) 洗膜4次, 二抗(稀释比为1∶10 000) 室温孵育1 h后, 每隔7 min使用TBST缓冲液洗膜4次, ECL化学发光呈色, 使用凝胶成像仪检测蛋白表达。
统计学分析  使用GraphPad Prism 9.0、Image J 1.52、FlowJo 10.0等软件分析处理数据和作图。所有实验均重复3次, 数据以均数±标准差表示, 多组间采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05代表组间具有统计学差异, 且差异具有显著性统计学意义。
毛大丁草内酯J为本课题组前期从毛大丁草全草95%乙醇提取物中分离得到的一种新型香豆素类化合物(图 1A), 能抑制肝癌细胞(HepG2)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7和MDA-MB-231) 及胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)、肺癌细胞(A549) 的增殖, 其中对乳腺癌细胞的抑制活性作用最为显著[12]。本研究首先采用CCK-8评价毛大丁草内酯J对两株乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的活性抑制作用, 结果表明(图 1B), 毛大丁草内酯J (0~20 μmol·L-1) 处理MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞24 h后, 能显著抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的活性, 且具有浓度依赖性, 其半数抑制浓度(IC50) 分别为14.15 ± 1.32和12.27 ± 0.56 μmol·L-1。在克隆形成实验中, 使用结晶紫对形成的细胞集落进行染色, 结果显示(图 1C), 毛大丁草内酯J可显著抑制细胞集落的形成, MCF-7细胞的平均集落数量由143个(0 μmol·L-1) 减少至9个(16 μmol·L-1), MDA-MB-231细胞由117个(0 μmol·L-1) 减少至0个(16 μmol·L-1)。以上结果说明, 毛大丁草内酯J能以浓度依赖的方式显著抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖。
采用PI染色法进一步考察毛大丁草内酯J对乳腺癌细胞生长周期的影响。结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J以浓度依赖的方式显著增加MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞周期中G2/M期的百分率(图 2A), 诱导细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。此外, 通过免疫印迹检测相关周期蛋白的表达情况, 结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J能显著升高P21并降低cyclin B1、CDK-1和CDC25C的表达水平(图 2B)。以上结果说明, 毛大丁草内酯J诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的周期阻滞于G2/M期, 其细胞周期阻滞作用与上调P21及下调cyclin B1、CDK-1和CDC25C的表达有关。
进一步采用DAPI染色检测毛大丁草内酯J诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的核染色质形态学变化, 结果显示, 对照组细胞核形态规则, 呈弥散均匀的淡蓝色荧光, 毛大丁草内酯J处理组细胞可见细胞核固缩且核染色质高度凝聚, 并产生凋亡小体(图 3A), 说明毛大丁草内酯J能够诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞发生凋亡。Annexin V/TO-PRO-3双染检测结果表明, 经毛大丁草内酯J处理后, MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的凋亡率分别增加至40.6% (16 μmol·L-1) 和50.2% (16 μmol·L-1) (图 3B)。Rhod-2 AM染色法检测结果表明, 在MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞中, 与对照组相比, 毛大丁草内酯J处理组(16 μmol·L-1) 的平均荧光强度分别提高4和5.6倍, 且具有浓度依赖性(图 3C)。DCFDA荧光探针法检测结果显示, 毛大丁草内酯J处理后的细胞内DCFDA的平均荧光强度显著高于对照组, 且毛大丁草内酯J处理组(16 μmol·L-1) 的平均荧光强为对照组的2倍, 呈浓度依赖性(图 3D), 表明胞内ROS水平显著升高。TMRM染色检测结果显示, 毛大丁草内酯J能以浓度依赖的方式显著减弱MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞线粒体内橘红色荧光强度(图 3E), 表明线粒体膜电位显著下降。以上实验结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J能促进MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞Ca2+内流蓄积于线粒体内, 发生线粒体钙超载, 线粒体膜电位降低, 活性氧生成增多, 诱导线粒体功能紊乱从而导致细胞凋亡。
线粒体介导的凋亡通路主要是由Bcl-2与Bax共同调控, 使线粒体膜受损导致Cyto-C释放至胞质中, 进而激活下游caspase级联反应并作用于底物PARP, 启动细胞凋亡程序[13, 14]。蛋白免疫印迹检测相关凋亡蛋白标志物表达的结果显示, 毛大丁草内酯J能显著下调Bcl-2并上调Bax表达, 导致胞质中Cyto-C的蛋白水平增加。此外, 毛大丁草内酯J以浓度依赖的方式激活和裂解caspase-9及下游caspase-3, 使底物PARP的表达增加(图 4)。以上结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J能通过激活线粒体凋亡通路诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡。
乳腺癌已成为全世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一, 从传统药物中寻找安全有效、高效低毒的候选物一直是抗乳腺癌药物的研究热点[15]。毛大丁草内酯J是从毛大丁草中分离得到的一种香豆素化合物, 本研究证明毛大丁草内酯J能够诱导乳腺癌细胞MCF-7及MDA-MB-231细胞周期阻滞及凋亡, 其作用机制与调控P21/cyclin B1/CDC25C通路及激活线粒体凋亡通路有关。
细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子(cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors, CDKIs)、CDKs及cyclins调控着细胞周期的进程, 其异常的表达可引起细胞分裂、增殖失控, 因此调节相关周期蛋白的表达阻滞细胞周期是抑制癌细胞增殖的一种有效策略[16]。本研究发现毛大丁草内酯J能显著上调P21及下调cyclin B1、CDK-1和CDC25C的表达, 并诱导细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期, 从而抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖。
线粒体功能障碍是细胞凋亡的触发因素之一, 通过损伤线粒体功能诱发癌细胞凋亡是药物发挥抗癌作用的有效方式[17]。当细胞应激时, 线粒体内的Ca2+逐渐积累, 一旦发生线粒体钙超载, 会使线粒体膜通透性转换孔开放, 导致线粒体膜电位下降, 活性氧异常增加, 使线粒体外膜破裂及促凋亡因子释放至胞质中, 造成线粒体功能不可逆的损伤, 最终引发细胞凋亡[18, 19]。本研究发现毛大丁草内酯J能以浓度依赖的方式诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞发生线粒体钙超载, 降低线粒体膜电位, 促进活性氧生成, 引起线粒体功能障碍, 导致细胞发生凋亡。
线粒体介导的凋亡通路是一种由凋亡基因调控的高度保守死亡过程, 当细胞受到凋亡刺激时, Bcl-2通过调节线粒体钙稳态抑制线粒体Cyto-C的释放而发挥存活功能[20]。Bax与线粒体膜上的蛋白相互作用, 增加膜通透性进而导致Cyto-C释放, Bcl-2和Bax作为细胞凋亡的关键组分, 其共同调控作用诱导线粒体膜通透性转换孔开放, 促进Cyto-C释放[21]。免疫印迹结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J能下调Bcl-2并上调Bax的表达, 并促使胞质中Cyto-C的蛋白水平增加。从线粒体释放的Cyto-C可对caspase-9进行加工, 使其从未活化的酶原形式(pro-caspase-9) 转变成活化型, caspase-9作为启动caspase级联反应的启动性蛋白酶, 能够促进下游未活化caspase-3的酶原形式(pro-caspase-3) 转变为活化的caspase-3, 进而切割底物PARP, 最终启动细胞凋亡程序[22, 23]。结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J能以浓度依赖的方式显著下调pro-caspase-9、pro-caspase-3、PARP以及上调caspase-9、caspase-3、cleaved-PARP的表达水平。本研究证实毛大丁草内酯J能够通过激活线粒体凋亡通路诱导MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞发生凋亡(图 5)。
综上所述, 毛大丁草内酯J作为毛大丁草中一种新型的香豆素类化合物, 能够显著诱导乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞周期阻滞并发生凋亡, 其作用机制与调控P21/CDC25C/CDK-1/cyclin B1通路及激活线粒体凋亡通路有关。本研究结果表明, 毛大丁草内酯J是一种潜在的抗乳腺癌先导化合物, 可为乳腺癌新药的研发提供实验基础和理论依据。
作者贡献: 邹忠梅和宛蕾负责研究方案设计及写作指导; 李靖荣负责实验工作及文章撰写; 李凌宇和赵晨旭负责实验及写作指导; 尚海和张涛对实验中遇到的问题给予帮助和指导。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2022-I2M-1-017)
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2023年第58卷第4期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1167
  • 接收时间:2022-11-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-04-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-01
  • 修回日期:2022-12-26
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中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2022-I2M-1-017)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学基础医学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 北京 100193

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*邹忠梅, Tel: 86-10-57833290, E-mail: ;
宛蕾, Tel: 86-851-88174012, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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