Article(id=1198624407892619777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1663862400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-23, revisedDate=1671897600000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703928205, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1678550400000, pubDateStr=2023-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703928205, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703928205, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703928205, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624396437975057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='804', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703925474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704091914, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=760, endPage=766, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624408261718550, articleId=1198624407892619777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Collaborative study to evaluate a reporter gene assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The goal of this work was to explore the prospect of standardized application of an in-vitro bioactivity assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone based on a reporter gene. The relative accuracy, intermediate precision, linearity and applicable range of the method were validated according to the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Three laboratories used this method to determine the in-vitro biological activities of six batches of drug product and three batches of drug substance manufactured by two different companies. The consistency of the potency determined by three laboratories, the intra-laboratory precision and inter-laboratory precision were analyzed. The method was optimized during the collaborative validation. The results of method validation meet the requirements of the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Aiming to resolve the problems found in the collaborative validation, the medium for cell seeding, the pre-diluted buffer solution of standard and sample, and the means of removing and discarding supernatant after stimulation were optimized. After optimization, there was no significant difference in the bioactivity among the different laboratories (P > 0.05), indicating statistical equivalency. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory precision were good and the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV%) were both less than 15%. In conclusion, the reporter gene assay has good intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility and is suitable for analyzing recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone drug product and drug substance by different manufacturers. It is expected to be used as a standardized method for the determination of the in-vitro bioactivity of such products.

, correspAuthors=Jing LI, Cheng-gang LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lü-yin WANG, Ping LÜ, Hui ZHANG, Jing LI, Cheng-gang LIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624409863942785, articleId=1198624407892619777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的联合验证, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探索基于报告基因的重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的标准化应用前景, 进行实验室间的联合验证。按照《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版通则9401对该方法进行相对准确度、中间精密度、线性与范围等方法学验证; 联合3个实验室采用本方法测定来自不同生产企业的6批制剂及3批原液的体外生物学活性, 对测定结果进行实验室间一致性分析以及实验室内、实验室间精密度分析; 据联合验证中发现的问题对方法进行调整优化。实验室内方法学验证的结果符合《中华人民共和国药典》2020版四部通则9401的要求; 针对联合验证中发现的问题, 对细胞铺板培养基、标准品及供试品的预稀释缓冲液、加药后吸弃上清方式进行了优化, 优化后各实验室之间的测定结果无显著差别(P > 0.05), 具有统计学等效性; 实验室内及实验室间精密度良好, 几何变异系数(GCV%) 均小于15%。综上, 本方法具有良好的实验室内重复性及实验室间重现性, 且适用于不同生产厂家的重组人促卵泡激素制剂与原液产品, 有望作为测定此类产品体外生物学活性的标准化方法进行推广。

, correspAuthors=李晶, 梁成罡, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李晶, E-mail: ;
梁成罡, E-mail:
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Sci Rep, 2020, 10: 13441., articleTitle=The molecular insights into protein adsorption on hematite surface disclosed by in-situ ATR-FTIR/2D-COS study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702081390506214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, awardId=2020S005, language=CN, fundingSource=2020年《中华人民共和国药典》药品标准提高课题(2020S005), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702072460833460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702072477610679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, companyId=1198702072460833460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Division of Hormone, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing 102629, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702072490193591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, companyId=1198702072460833460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国食品药品检定研究院激素室, 国家卫生健康委员会生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 北京 102629)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702078009897024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=f0f0iK6PIYhi2ZkLntNWvA==, figureFileBig=k+YzvubVY0ytxDGqX4NcnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078139920466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The mechanism of RGA to determine the bioactivity of rhFSH. RGA: Reporter gene assay; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; FSHR: Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; Gs<i>γ</i>AdCy: Adenylate cyclase; cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Gs<i>α</i>: G protein-coupled receptors <i>α</i> subunit; Gs<i>β</i>: G protein-coupled receptors <i>β</i> subunit; Gs<i>γ</i>: G protein-coupled receptors <i>γ</i> subunit; CRE: cAMP response element; CREB: cAMP response element binding protein; CBP: Creb binding protein , figureFileSmall=f0f0iK6PIYhi2ZkLntNWvA==, figureFileBig=k+YzvubVY0ytxDGqX4NcnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078286721116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RLUXbqr/HD9qzyVEGTKBoQ==, figureFileBig=TFTd1YejxYI4NJWFkiKoMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078433521768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Dose-responsive curves of CHO-K1-FSHR-CRE-Luc cells to rhFSH (A), relative bioactivity of the rhFSH sample against the standard obtained from 3 labs (B-D). RLU: Relative luciferase units; Standard: National reference standard of rhFSH for bioassay; Sample: rhFSH drug product or drug substance; Control: 2<sup>nd</sup> rhFSH WHO International Standard for rhFSH, for bioassay (08/282); A1-A3: Drug product manufactured by company A; B1-B3: Drug product manufactured by company B; C1-C3: Drug substance manufactured by company B , figureFileSmall=RLUXbqr/HD9qzyVEGTKBoQ==, figureFileBig=TFTd1YejxYI4NJWFkiKoMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078576128117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=k/2homQNNPWpasyeElQn+g==, figureFileBig=deiiTF1SikUMD7a3nBDNcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078748094591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory precision of the collaborative validation. GCV: Geometric coefficient of variation , figureFileSmall=k/2homQNNPWpasyeElQn+g==, figureFileBig=deiiTF1SikUMD7a3nBDNcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078882312329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9hrJHxP4e6ie1sWlzGnkdQ==, figureFileBig=2gSkw2gL6Vq47yPHx3CqlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702079138164883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Raw data of relative bioactivity of the rhFSH drug product (sample B3 and E) and the rhFSH drug substance (sample D and F) measured by four pre-diluents (A: 0.1% BSA-medium; B: 0.2% BSA-medium; C: 0.05 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> Tween 20-PBS; D: DMEM-F12 medium), the 95% confidence interval and mean of the relative bioactivity are indicated , figureFileSmall=9hrJHxP4e6ie1sWlzGnkdQ==, figureFileBig=2gSkw2gL6Vq47yPHx3CqlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702079272382621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Plate Row B-C Row D-E Row F-G
Plate 1 Control Standard Sample
Plate 2 Standard Sample Control
Plate 3 Sample Control Standard
), ArticleFig(id=1198702079423377577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

96-well plate layout of collaborative validation scheme. Standard: National reference standard of rhFSH for bioassay; Sample: rhFSH drug product or drug substance; Control: 2nd rhFSH WHO international standard for rhFSH, for bioassay

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Plate Row B-C Row D-E Row F-G
Plate 1 Control Standard Sample
Plate 2 Standard Sample Control
Plate 3 Sample Control Standard
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P value A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
One-way analysis of variance 0.193 0.261 0.087 0.006 0.260 0.619 0.085 0.685 0.193
Test for homogeneity of variance 0.145 0.128 0.102 0.176 0.936 0.555 0.037 0.897 0.563
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Consistency of the potency obtained from 3 labs. A1-A3: Drug product manufactured by company A; B1-B3: Drug product manufactured by company B; C1-C3: Drug substance manufactured by company B

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
P value A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
One-way analysis of variance 0.193 0.261 0.087 0.006 0.260 0.619 0.085 0.685 0.193
Test for homogeneity of variance 0.145 0.128 0.102 0.176 0.936 0.555 0.037 0.897 0.563
), ArticleFig(id=1198702079872168132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624407892619777, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample 0.1% BSA-medium 0.2% BSA-medium 0.05 mg·mL-1 Tween 20-PBS DMEM-F12 medium
B3 4.63% 9.49% 10.80% 5.36%
E 4.96% 4.59% 13.76% 23.77%
D 4.98% 5.19% 7.87% 6.29%
F 4.59% 4.86% 3.21% 14.83%
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The precision of relative bioactivity measured by different pre-diluents. BSA: Bovine serum albumin

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Sample 0.1% BSA-medium 0.2% BSA-medium 0.05 mg·mL-1 Tween 20-PBS DMEM-F12 medium
B3 4.63% 9.49% 10.80% 5.36%
E 4.96% 4.59% 13.76% 23.77%
D 4.98% 5.19% 7.87% 6.29%
F 4.59% 4.86% 3.21% 14.83%
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重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的联合验证
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王绿音 , 吕萍 , 张慧 , 李晶 * , 梁成罡 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(3): 760-766
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2023, 58(3): 760-766
重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的联合验证
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王绿音, 吕萍, 张慧, 李晶* , 梁成罡*
作者信息
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院激素室, 国家卫生健康委员会生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 北京 102629

通讯作者:

*李晶, E-mail: ;
梁成罡, E-mail:
Collaborative study to evaluate a reporter gene assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity
Lü-yin WANG, Ping LÜ, Hui ZHANG, Jing LI* , Cheng-gang LIANG*
Affiliations
  • Division of Hormone, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing 102629, China
出版时间: 2023-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1074
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为探索基于报告基因的重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的标准化应用前景, 进行实验室间的联合验证。按照《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版通则9401对该方法进行相对准确度、中间精密度、线性与范围等方法学验证; 联合3个实验室采用本方法测定来自不同生产企业的6批制剂及3批原液的体外生物学活性, 对测定结果进行实验室间一致性分析以及实验室内、实验室间精密度分析; 据联合验证中发现的问题对方法进行调整优化。实验室内方法学验证的结果符合《中华人民共和国药典》2020版四部通则9401的要求; 针对联合验证中发现的问题, 对细胞铺板培养基、标准品及供试品的预稀释缓冲液、加药后吸弃上清方式进行了优化, 优化后各实验室之间的测定结果无显著差别(P > 0.05), 具有统计学等效性; 实验室内及实验室间精密度良好, 几何变异系数(GCV%) 均小于15%。综上, 本方法具有良好的实验室内重复性及实验室间重现性, 且适用于不同生产厂家的重组人促卵泡激素制剂与原液产品, 有望作为测定此类产品体外生物学活性的标准化方法进行推广。

生物学活性  /  重组人促卵泡激素  /  报告基因法  /  方法学验证  /  联合验证

The goal of this work was to explore the prospect of standardized application of an in-vitro bioactivity assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone based on a reporter gene. The relative accuracy, intermediate precision, linearity and applicable range of the method were validated according to the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Three laboratories used this method to determine the in-vitro biological activities of six batches of drug product and three batches of drug substance manufactured by two different companies. The consistency of the potency determined by three laboratories, the intra-laboratory precision and inter-laboratory precision were analyzed. The method was optimized during the collaborative validation. The results of method validation meet the requirements of the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Aiming to resolve the problems found in the collaborative validation, the medium for cell seeding, the pre-diluted buffer solution of standard and sample, and the means of removing and discarding supernatant after stimulation were optimized. After optimization, there was no significant difference in the bioactivity among the different laboratories (P > 0.05), indicating statistical equivalency. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory precision were good and the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV%) were both less than 15%. In conclusion, the reporter gene assay has good intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility and is suitable for analyzing recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone drug product and drug substance by different manufacturers. It is expected to be used as a standardized method for the determination of the in-vitro bioactivity of such products.

biological activity  /  recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone  /  reporter gene assay  /  method validation  /  collaborative validation
王绿音, 吕萍, 张慧, 李晶, 梁成罡. 重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的联合验证. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (3) : 760 -766 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1074
Lü-yin WANG, Ping LÜ, Hui ZHANG, Jing LI, Cheng-gang LIANG. Collaborative study to evaluate a reporter gene assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (3) : 760 -766 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1074
重组人促卵泡激素(recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone, rhFSH) 是一种重要的辅助生殖治疗药物, 通过与相应受体的结合促进卵泡生长和成熟发育。随着全球不孕不育患病率不断提升, rhFSH药物的市场需求激增[1], 相关药物的申报量亦大幅提高[2]。目前国内外药典收载的rhFSH生物学活性测定方法仍为雌幼大鼠卵巢增重法[3, 4]。该法涉及到大鼠活体检测, 耗时长(4天)、操作繁琐、精密度与准确性均较差, 同时对动物质量、人员操作技能有较高的要求[5]。为减少动物使用数量和解决以上的不足, 各申报单位逐渐开始采用体外生物测定法替代体内法评价rhFSH产品的生物学活性, 但不同申报单位采用的方法差异较大, 在细胞系选择、检测靶标、分析方法、数据处理等环节各不相同, 难以标准化。因此, 当前应建立灵敏、高效、稳定的rhFSH体外生物学活性检测方法, 探索其标准化应用的可行性, 从而满足此类产品的注册和评价需求。在此背景下, 本文作者王绿音等建立了报告基因法(reporter gene assay, RGA)[6], 成功构建了稳定表达人FSH受体以及偶联含有cAMP反应元件的荧光素酶报告基因的细胞(CHO-FSHR/CRE-Luc), 检测原理如图 1所示。该方法可缩短检测时间至2天, 特异性、准确性和精密度表现良好, 其检测结果与《中华人民共和国药典》雌幼大鼠卵巢增重法有较好的相关性[6]
为进一步验证报告基因法的实验室间重现性以及该方法对产品的适用性, 形成标准化的基于报告基因的重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法, 使该方法能更好地应用于rhFSH类产品的质控。2020年本课题组承担了国家药典委员会立项的药典标准提高课题《rhFSH体外报告基因活性测定法的标准化研究》。在前期已建立方法的基础上, 课题组按照2020版《中华人民共和国药典》四部通则9401[7, 8]进行了实验室内方法验证, 随后对2个国内生产企业进行了相应的技术培训。征集足量rhFSH原液及制剂产品后, 邀请上述企业及上海食品药品检验研究院共同开展实验室间联合验证。据3个实验室反馈的实验结果, 对实验室间测定结果的一致性及精密度进行分析, 从而评价本方法作为药典标准方法的可行性。参考3个实验室反馈的修订意见并针对联合验证过程中发现的问题优化实验条件, 最终形成更完善的、具有标准化应用前景的重组人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性评价方法, 解决此类产品的审评审批缺乏统一标准的问题, 促进我国相关产品的产业化发展。
仪器   多功能酶标仪Multimode Plate Reader EnSpire (美国Perkin Elmer公司)。
药品及试剂   重组人促卵泡激素效价测定用国家标准品(批号: 410018-201701, 每支174 IU); 2nd rhFSH WHO国际标准品(08/282, 每支126 IU, 生物测定用); 样品A1~A3: 注射用重组人促卵泡激素(生产企业A, 批号: 056202005030、056202005029、056202005028, 每瓶5.5 μg, 75 IU); 样品B1~B3: 注射用重组人促卵泡激素(生产企业B, 批号: 202104003LBA、202104002LBA、202104001LBA, 每瓶5.5 μg, 75 IU); 样品C1~C3: 重组人促卵泡激素原液(生产企业B, 批号: 202103003JMA、202103002JMA、202103001JMA, 14896、15390、12980 IU·mL-1)。
预稀释缓冲液优化用样品: 重组人促卵泡激素原液F (生产企业A, 批号: 1807220102, 12067 IU·mL-1); 注射用重组人促卵泡激素E (生产企业A, 批号: 2022040120, 每瓶5.5 μg, 75 IU); 重组人促卵泡激素原液D (生产企业B, 批号: 201804001JMAS, 14 580 IU·mL-1); 白色96孔板(货号3917) 购自Corning公司。
DMEM-F12培养基(无酚红)、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)、0.25% trypsin-EDTA、G418、潮霉素B、PBS均购自Gibco公司(美国); Steady-Glo® Luciferase Assay System (E2520) 购自Promega (美国); 牛血清白蛋白-2 (bovine serum albumin, BSA) 购自Sigma公司(德国); 聚山梨酯20 (Tween 20) 购自Sigma公司(德国)。
细胞系   细胞CHO-K1-FSHR-CRE-Luc由本实验室构建并保存。
检测方法   收集CHO-K1-FSHR-CRE-Luc细胞, 1 000 r·min-1离心5 min后重悬至含15 mmol·L-1 HEPES、100 μg·mL-1潮霉素B、100 μg·mL-1 G418、4%胎牛血清的无酚红DMEM-F12培养基(生长培养基) 中, 调整细胞密度为每毫升5×105个, 以每孔100 μL接种于96孔白色细胞培养板中, 置37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中16~19 h。
用空白培养基(无酚红DMEM-F12培养基) 将rhFSH生物学活性测定国家标准品、制剂及原液样品稀释至1 mL中含7.5 IU, 再用空白培养基继续进行3倍系列稀释, 共9个稀释度, 每个稀释度双复孔。具体操作为: 在96孔板第3~10列中分别加入空白培养基200 μL, 第2列加入7.5 IU的标准品及样品溶液300 μL, 然后用多通道移液器从第2列中取100 μL, 分别加入第3列中, 用多通道移液器吹打混匀10次左右, 然后依次向下稀释, 直至第10列, 每一列更换枪头。
将配制完成的标准品溶液和供试品溶液以每孔100 μL加入细胞培养板中(采用排枪, 由高浓度至低浓度加入标准品及供试品), 于37 ℃、5%二氧化碳条件下培养4 h (建议采用沥水盘防止边缘效应)。取出96孔板, 用200 μL排枪吸弃上清100 μL (一次吸弃供试品及标准品的一个浓度), 以每孔100 μL加入底物溶液(将Steady-Glo® Luciferase Assay System试剂盒中的Assay Buffer加入Assay Substrate中后混匀, 用前平衡室温), 室温避光静置孵育5 min, 振荡混匀后用酶标仪测定化学发光强度值(relative luciferase units, RLU)。
方法学验证   参照2020版《中华人民共和国药典》四部通则9401对所建立的方法进行线性与范围、相对准确度、精密度等方法学验证。采用测定培养基将rhFSH效价测定用国家标准品稀释至1 mL中含11.7、9.375、7.5、6、4.8 IU的待测溶液, 即5个待测溶液的相对效价水平为64%、80%、100%、125%及156%。另制备100%效价水平(7.5 IU·mL-1) 作为参比品, 上述5个效价水平在对数上呈均匀间隔。由2名分析人员在2天进行相对效价测定, 每天每人使用2个细胞代次, 每个细胞代次独立测定2份, 以2份结果的几何均值为测定值, 即每个效价水平共测定8次。
联合验证方案   分发来自2个生产企业的6批制剂、3批原液至每个实验室。对于每一批制剂或原液, 每天进行3块96孔板测试, 测定3天。每个实验室按照表 1所示的板布局开展实验, 计算相对效价, 符合系统适用性标准的作为有效数据。对于每个样品, 进行不同实验室测定结果的一致性分析。若分析结果出现统计学上的显著性差异, 则应考量可能对实验结果产生较大影响的因素, 并对方法进行相应优化。除此之外, 还应通过计算实验室内精密度(intra-laboratory precision) 与实验室间精密度(inter-laboratory precision) 以考察本方法在各实验室的变异程度及重现性[9]。将相对效价结果取对数后, 采用几何变异系数(geometric coefficient of variation, GCV%) 评价实验室内精密度及实验室间精密度。对于每个样品, 计算其每轮3块96孔板测定结果对数值的均值, 得到3个均值后, 计算此3个均值的GCV%, 即为该样品测定结果的实验室内精密度, 9个样品可得到9个实验室内精密度, 3个实验室共计算得27个实验室内精密度。对于每个样品, 计算每个协作单位测定相对效价对数值的均值, 得到3个实验室的3个均值后, 计算此3个均值的GCV%, 即为该样品测定结果的实验室间精密度, 9个样品共得到9个实验室间精密度。
数据分析   利用Softmax Pro 5.4软件分析实验数据, 以rhFSH浓度的对数为X轴, 对应的RLU为Y轴, 选用四参数方程进行拟合, 绘制剂量-反应曲线。所得数据符合四参数方程式: y = (A - D)/[1 + (X/C) B] + D, 式中C为半数有效浓度(50% effective concentration, EC50), 样品的相对生物学活性% =标准品EC50/供试品EC50×100%。
为保证实验结果的可靠性, 设置了实验有效性的系统适用性标准: ① 供试品和标准品四参数曲线均近似于S形, 且出现明显上下平台, 拟合度R2 ≥ 0.98。② 四参数方程中的B Sample (Control)/B Stand应在0.70~1.30。③ Control样品的相对生物学活性应在80%~135%。
预稀释缓冲液的优化   3个实验室采用空白培养基稀释原液样品后进行活性测定, 测定结果均低于正常值近50%。改用含适量蔗糖、甲硫氨酸、聚山梨酯20、磷酸氢二钠及磷酸二氢钠的制剂缓冲液对同样的原液样品进行预稀释后测活, 测得比活与同厂家的制剂接近。因此, 有必要对预稀释缓冲液成分进行优化, 以增强稀释后原液样品中rhFSH蛋白的稳定性, 使本方法能够更好地应用于rhFSH原液的生物学活性测定。
选择0.1% BSA-空白培养基、0.2% BSA-空白培养基及0.05 mg·mL-1 Tween 20-PBS为候选预稀释液, 按照上述检测方法, 将rhFSH生物学活性测定国家标准品、制剂样品B3 (生产企业B)、原液样品D (生产企业B, 批号: 201804001JMAS)、制剂样品E (生产企业A, 批号: 2022040120)、原液样品F (生产企业A, 批号: 1807220102) 预稀释至1 mL中含7.5 IU, 再用空白培养基继续进行3倍系列稀释, 共9个稀释度, 连续测定3天。为减少体系中其他因素的影响, 每天采用同一来源的细胞, 接种3块96孔板, 在同一块96孔板上采用相同的预稀释液分析来自同一厂家的一批制剂和一批原液样品。
5个效价水平测定值的几何均值分别为: (63.76 ± 4.63)%、(80.66 ± 2.91)%、(105.15 ± 2.70)%、(120.21 ± 3.53)%、(153.24 ± 6.10)%, 相对偏倚(RB) 及其90%置信区间分别为2.90% (-1.10%, 6.80%)、0.80% (-2.80%, 4.40%)、5.10% (2.30%, 7.90%)、-3.80% (-6.70%, 1.00%)%、-1.80% (-5.70%, 2.10%), GCV%及其95%置信上限均小于12%。以5个待测溶液的相对效价测定值的对数为X轴, 以相应的理论相对效价的对数为Y轴, 线性回归方程为Y = 0.937X + 0.009 3, R2为0.99, 斜率接近于1.0, 表明本方法在64%~156%的效价水平内具有良好的线性。
3个实验室分别对编号为A1~B3的制剂和C1~C3原液样品进行活性测定, 利用四参数方程拟合的剂量效应曲线见图 2A。每批样品测得9个有效测试结果, 6批制剂共54个测定结果, 3批原液共27个测定结果。
图 2B~D所示, 每个实验室对9批rhFSH制剂和原液样品进行相对生物学活性测定, 每批样品重复测定3天, 每天3块96孔板, 测得A组、B组、C组样品的相对效价均在70%~140%之间。
由于测得的相对效价在多数情况下服从近似对数正态分布, 故将上述测定结果取对数。将每个样品的27个测定结果按照不同的实验室分为3组, 采用SPSS软件对3组数据进行方差分析。考虑到正态性及方差齐性是方差分析的基础, 故一并分析。结果表明, 所有样品的测定结果均通过了Kolmogorov-Smirnov及Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验(P > 0.05)。如表 2所示, 除样品B1以外, 其余8个样品在3个实验室的测定结果无显著差别(P > 0.05), 具有统计学等效性。对于样品B1, 3个协作单位的相对效价均值分别为93.07%、96.25%和80.13%, 其最大差异为16.12%, 小于20%, 符合本次联合验证的精密度要求。计算得到3个协作单位的27个测定结果的总GCV%为14.80%, 小于15%。综上, 尽管样品B1的测定结果存在统计学差异, 但因其最大差异及变异在方法本身的变异范围内, 故认为3个实验室的测定结果不存在有意义的差异。对于样品C1, 3个实验室测定的3组结果的方差齐性检验未通过, 无法进行方差分析。采用对方差齐性没有要求的Welch检验和Brown-Forsythe检验进行数据的一致性分析, 上述两种检验的P值分别为0.057和0.091, 均 > 0.05, 表明3个实验室对C1的测定结果的均值无显著差异。
图 3所示, 27个实验室内精密度均小于15%, 9个实验室间精密度均小于15%, 精密度良好。
图 4A~C可知, 采用含BSA或Tween 20的预稀释液, 测得2批制剂和2批原液的相对效价的几何均值均在80%~115%之间, 表明BSA和Tween 20均发挥了蛋白稳定剂的作用。采用3种预稀释液对样品进行活性测定结果的95%置信区间可知, 以0.1% BSA-空白培养基为预稀释液时, 测得结果的实验误差最小。如图 4D所示, 以空白培养基为预稀释液, 测得原液样品(D、F) 的相对生物学活性几何均值分别为61.08%和66.76%, 而来自同厂家的制剂样品(B3、E) 测定结果的几何均值分别为109.20%和89.94%, 可见原液样品中的rhFSH蛋白发生了失活。
采用4种预稀释液测得结果的GCV%见表 3, 可见以0.1% BSA-空白培养基为预稀释液时结果的变异最小, 精密度最优。综上, 选择以0.1% BSA-空白培养基为预稀释液。
近年来, 基于报告基因的体外生物学活性检测法日臻成熟, 正逐渐作为体内动物法的补充或替代方法在多种生物制品中得到广泛运用[10]。本文按照《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版通则9401在实验室内对已开发的报告基因法进行了相对准确度、中间精密度、线性与范围等方法学验证, 并对参与联合验证的2个实验室进行了相应的技术培训。随后制订了详细的验证方案, 邀请3个实验室参与联合验证工作。
在制订联合验证方案时, 为了保障实验结果的准确性, 在系统适用性标准中增加了质控品的相对效价测定值的范围规定。实验过程中, 3个实验室中有1个实验室的质控品效价测定值高于规定限度, 且样品的相对活性测定结果略高于另2个实验室。由于测定结果偏高的实验室在药物梯度稀释过程中采用了从高浓度至低浓度不更换移液吸头的方式, 在弃上清时采用翻转96孔板的方式。因此调整更换移液吸头方式为每个稀释度更换枪头, 并将弃上清方式调整为用移液器吸弃后, 该实验室质控品的测定结果回到了系统适用性规定的范围内, 调整后样品的测定结果也与另2个实验室更为接近。
此外, 实验过程中, 3个实验室均反馈标准品与样品四参数曲线的上平台拟合出现分叉的现象。考虑到细胞状态可能对高浓度区的测定结果产生较大影响, 且3个实验室镜下观察均发现细胞贴壁后状态变差, 且在吸弃药物上清后, 96孔板内细胞明显减少。因此将细胞铺板时所用培养基由空白培养基更换为完全培养基, 并将测定法中“用200 μL排枪吸弃上清, 以100 μL/孔加入底物”修改为“用200 μL排枪吸弃上清100 μL, 以100 μL/孔加入底物”。对方法进行了上述优化后, 标准品与样品四参数曲线上平台的拟合分叉现象得到了较大改善。
在对rhFSH原液样品进行活性测定时, 如前所述, 采用空白培养基进行稀释, 发生了活性降低的现象。众所周知, 蛋白质往往由于环境因素的变化而发生失活, 如pH、温度、光照以及缓冲液中的离子变化, 泡沫的产生、微生物污染以及蛋白的器壁吸附等也会造成蛋白质变性失活[11]。在器壁吸附现象中, 吸附程度受到蛋白自身性质、器壁表面性质及缓冲液成分的影响, 浓度较低的稀蛋白质更易发生吸附, 疏水表面较亲水表面会吸附更多蛋白质。吸附后的蛋白分子结构发生重排, 即变性, 大多与聚苯乙烯的吸附导致的变性是不可逆的[12]。因此, 往往需要加入保护蛋白作为稳定剂, 阻止蛋白质吸附于容器表面。BSA由于稳定性和溶解性较好, 被广泛使用[13]。本文作者选择了3种常用的预稀释液, 最终选择0.1% BSA-培养基为预稀释液, 解决了应用本方法时rhFSH原液的稀释稳定性问题, 使其能够更好地适用于rhFSH原液样品。
以上联合验证过程中出现的问题, 很好地帮助本文作者进一步明确了方法中的关键技术细节, 并对方法中易忽略的试剂和溶液(如预稀释液、铺板培养基等) 进行了优化。联合验证工作的开展, 也为方法的系统适用性规定(如质控品的选择、平行性分析等) 以及方法总变异度的确定提供了大量的数据支持, 具有十分重要的意义。
综上, 本次联合验证结果表明基于报告基因的rhFSH体外生物学活性测定方法具有良好的实验室内重复性及实验室间重现性, 且适用于不同厂家生产的rhFSH原液及制剂产品, 有望作为标准方法应用于rhFSH产品的生物学活性测定, 对于此类产品的过程控制、放行检验及生物类似药可比性研究具有积极意义。
作者贡献: 王绿音负责实验方案设计与实施、数据分析、文章撰写; 吕萍、张慧负责提供技术和材料支持; 李晶、梁成罡负责指导实验设计思路、提出修改意见。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 2020年《中华人民共和国药典》药品标准提高课题(2020S005)
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2023年第58卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1074
  • 接收时间:2022-09-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-23
  • 修回日期:2022-12-25
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2020年《中华人民共和国药典》药品标准提高课题(2020S005)
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    中国食品药品检定研究院激素室, 国家卫生健康委员会生物技术产品检定方法及其标准化重点实验室, 北京 102629

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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