Article(id=1198624404172271900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1098, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1665072000000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-07, revisedDate=1667491200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703927318, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1678550400000, pubDateStr=2023-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703927318, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703927318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703927318, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624396437975057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='804', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703925474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704091914, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=639, endPage=645, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624404432318770, articleId=1198624404172271900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Progress of potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of anti-colorectal cancer pathogenic Fusobacterium nucleatum, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The composition of intestinal microflora is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been proved directly related to the recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by the exploration potential anti-Fn drug targets and discovery small molecule drugs. However, no selective anti-Fn small molecule inhibitors have been reported so far as well as their anti-Fn thereby "anti-Fn further anticancer" mechanisms are unclear. Herein, this article reviews the potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of Fn in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-Fn and anti-CRC small molecule drugs.

, correspAuthors=Chun-quan SHENG, Shan-chao WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue-xin BAI, Ya-hui HUANG, Chun-quan SHENG, Shan-chao WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624406168760745, articleId=1198624404172271900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=抗结直肠癌致病具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肠道微生物区系组成与结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC) 的发生发展联系密切, 已有证据表明具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum) 与结直肠癌的复发、转移、化疗耐药等密切相关。因此, 探索潜在抗具核梭杆菌药物靶点并发现小分子药物, 对于结直肠癌的预防、治疗具有重要意义, 已逐渐成为该领域研究热点。但目前尚无特异性抗具核梭杆菌小分子药物, 仍不清楚其是否能够“抗菌进而抗癌”以及具体作用机制。鉴于此, 本文对具核梭杆菌感染促结直肠癌发生发展的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体进行综述, 以期为开发抗具核梭杆菌进而抗结直肠癌的小分子药物提供参考。

, correspAuthors=盛春泉, 武善超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*盛春泉, Tel: 86-21-81871201, E-mail: ;
武善超, Tel: 86-21-81871242, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TTsbDEhIMsD671ONpXAggw==, magXml=Xc8iTDAZbpajByKQyh/1EA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qb1SJ91Y71nK6HKaQkWgLA==, pdfFileSize=1825060, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IC2cD0UjoTtlaf1SqVSsPQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=C4+xmE7Aq3M+yP6NK78IYg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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抗结直肠癌致病具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体
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白学鑫 # , 黄亚辉 # , 盛春泉 * , 武善超 *
药学学报 | 综述 2023,58(3): 639-645
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药学学报 | 综述 2023, 58(3): 639-645
抗结直肠癌致病具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体
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白学鑫#, 黄亚辉#, 盛春泉* , 武善超*
作者信息
  • 中国人民解放军海军军医大学, 上海 200433

通讯作者:

*盛春泉, Tel: 86-21-81871201, E-mail: ;
武善超, Tel: 86-21-81871242, E-mail:
Progress of potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of anti-colorectal cancer pathogenic Fusobacterium nucleatum
Xue-xin BAI, Ya-hui HUANG, Chun-quan SHENG* , Shan-chao WU*
Affiliations
  • The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
出版时间: 2023-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1098
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肠道微生物区系组成与结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC) 的发生发展联系密切, 已有证据表明具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum) 与结直肠癌的复发、转移、化疗耐药等密切相关。因此, 探索潜在抗具核梭杆菌药物靶点并发现小分子药物, 对于结直肠癌的预防、治疗具有重要意义, 已逐渐成为该领域研究热点。但目前尚无特异性抗具核梭杆菌小分子药物, 仍不清楚其是否能够“抗菌进而抗癌”以及具体作用机制。鉴于此, 本文对具核梭杆菌感染促结直肠癌发生发展的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体进行综述, 以期为开发抗具核梭杆菌进而抗结直肠癌的小分子药物提供参考。

具核梭杆菌  /  结直肠癌  /  靶点  /  小分子配体

The composition of intestinal microflora is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been proved directly related to the recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by the exploration potential anti-Fn drug targets and discovery small molecule drugs. However, no selective anti-Fn small molecule inhibitors have been reported so far as well as their anti-Fn thereby "anti-Fn further anticancer" mechanisms are unclear. Herein, this article reviews the potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of Fn in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-Fn and anti-CRC small molecule drugs.

Fusobacterium nucleatum  /  colorectal cancer  /  target  /  small molecule ligand
白学鑫, 黄亚辉, 盛春泉, 武善超. 抗结直肠癌致病具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (3) : 639 -645 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1098
Xue-xin BAI, Ya-hui HUANG, Chun-quan SHENG, Shan-chao WU. Progress of potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of anti-colorectal cancer pathogenic Fusobacterium nucleatum[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (3) : 639 -645 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1098
据统计, 全球每年约90万人死于结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC), 结直肠癌已经成为第四大致命癌症。在中国, 2020年结直肠癌新发病例56万, 约占全球新发病例的1/3, 发病率仅次于肺癌, 位居癌症发病率第二位, 死亡率位居第五位, 进展期结直肠癌症患者的5年生存率不足50%, 严重威胁人类生命健康[1]
近年来, 越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物区系组成与结直肠癌之间联系密切, 如它们可以促进结直肠癌的化疗耐药、转移、复发[2-4] (图 1)。据估计, 人体肠道中含有超过100万亿个微生物, 它们通过维持多种生物活性形成黏膜屏障, 调节代谢和免疫功能等, 促进肠道稳态, 对维持人体健康具有重要作用[5-7]。因此, 肠道稳态失调可能会导致肠道疾病的发生, 如克罗恩病(Crohn disease, CD)、溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC) 和结直肠癌等[8, 9]。不仅如此, 肠道微生物区系失调还会导致各种全身性疾病, 如糖尿病、肥胖症、癌症、心血管疾病和中枢神经系统疾病等[10-12]。目前, 肠道微生物与结直肠癌间的关系研究最多, 结直肠癌组织中艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum)、脆弱类杆菌(Bacterooides fragilis)、溶血性链球菌(Streptococcus hemolyticus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) 的含量均明显高于邻近正常组织[13-16]。其中, 在大规模的结直肠癌患者肿瘤组织样本检测中发现, 具核梭杆菌的丰度显著升高, 能够明确促发结直肠癌[17]
具核梭杆菌是一种革兰阴性厌氧菌, 主要定植在人类口腔中, 长期以来, 一直被认为是条件致病菌, 能够引起口咽部和口腔外的多种感染性疾病[17]。但近年来研究表明, 具核梭杆菌在结直肠癌患者的肿瘤组织和粪便样本中高度富集, 并与其他革兰阴性菌具有协同促进结直肠癌发病的作用[17-19], 其高丰度致使化疗耐药和预后不佳等[20-22]。同时, 具核梭杆菌在其他多种癌症中, 如胰腺癌、乳腺癌、食道癌、口腔鳞状细胞癌和胃癌, 也高度富集, 与发病和患者预后密切相关[23]。研究发现, 使用抗生素可以减缓(并非阻止) 具核梭杆菌对肿瘤直接作用, 从而抑制人结直肠癌移植瘤的生长[24]。此外, 采用生物医学工程方法将具核梭杆菌特异性噬菌体与化疗药物纳米粒结合, 可以有效地抑制具核梭杆菌的致病性, 同时还能够抑制肿瘤细胞生长[25]。据此, 通过寻找高效的抗具核梭杆菌药物来发现具有结直肠癌治疗作用的药物是切实可行的。但是, 现有抑制具核梭杆菌药物一般为广谱抗生素, 会破坏正常肠道菌群, 带来新的安全性问题, 难以在临床上广泛应用。因此, 本领域的科学问题在于: 目前还缺乏特异性作用于具核梭杆菌的小分子抑制剂, 也不清楚它们的作用机制。因而, 亟待研发特异性抗具核梭杆菌药物, 深入研究其作用机制和抗结直肠癌药效。鉴于此, 本文将从结直肠癌致病具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗靶点及其小分子配体这一视角进行综述, 以期为开发选择性抗具核梭杆菌进而抗结直肠癌的小分子药物提供参考。
TIGIT (T cell Ig and ITIM domain也称WUCAM、Vstm3或VSIG9) 是脊髓灰质炎病毒受体(poliovirus receptor, PVR)/Nectin家族的成员。TIGIT通过多种机制抑制固有和适应性免疫, 具核梭杆菌上的Fap2外表面蛋白结合并激活T细胞和自然杀伤细胞表达的人抑制性受体TIGIT, 从而抑制抗肿瘤免疫(图 2a)。具核梭杆菌还能结合并激活人类抑制性受体CEACAM1, 从而抑制T细胞和自然杀伤细胞的活性。使用CEACAM1和TIGIT抑制剂可特异性靶向治疗具核梭杆菌定植的肿瘤[26]。周秀曼团队[27]通过多种手段对FDA批准上市的化合物进行筛选, 通过阻断实验和MST结合实验对候选化合物进行复筛, 发现了两个小分子药物azelnidipine (图 2b) 和liothyronine (图 2c) 可以明显抑制TIGIT。Azelnidipine可以通过同时靶向SIRPα和PVR对CD47 SIRPα和TIGIT/PVR通路进行双重阻断。Liothyronine可逆转TIGIT/PVR所致的IL-2分泌抑制, 在体外对肿瘤细胞的增殖仅有微摩尔抑制水平(IC50 = 6.1 μmol·L-1), 但体内给药可通过促进CD8+ T细胞的浸润和免疫应答而显著抑制肿瘤的生长, 高剂量(5 mg·kg-1) liothyronine的抑瘤率显著高于低剂量(1.5 mg·kg-1) liothyronine和生理盐水组小鼠。免疫细胞耗竭模型显示liothyronine的抗肿瘤作用主要依赖于CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞和自然杀伤细胞[28]
细胞色素P450单加氧酶(主要是CYP2J2) 及其介导的产物12, 13-EpOME (12, 13-cis epoxide of linoleic acid) 表达上调, 通过调节上皮-间充质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transition, EMT) 能够增加结直肠癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力(图 3a)。基因组测序显示结直肠癌患者粪便具核梭杆菌水平升高与血清中的12, 13-EpOME水平正相关。在Ⅲ/Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者中, 肿瘤组织中高水平的CYP2J2也与高富集的具核梭杆菌、较差的总体生存率相关。此外, 具核梭杆菌还可以激活TLR4/AKT信号, 下调Keap1, 增加NRF2, 进而促进CYP2J2的转录。总之, 具核梭杆菌可以通过激活TLR4/Keap1/NRF2轴增加CYP2J2和12, 13-EPOME来促进结直肠癌的EMT和转移。因此, 这两个轴上的蛋白可以作为具核梭杆菌感染的结直肠癌患者的临床生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点[29]。田祥歌团队[30]通过高通量筛选方法, 从108种常见中草药中快速有效地鉴定出一种新的CYP2J2天然抑制剂——胡椒碱(piperine, 图 3b), 经过一系列结构改造得到的类似物9K (图 3c), IC50由原来的44 μmol·L-1提升至40 nmol·L-1, 活性显著提升, 抑制动力学表明9K对CYP2J2为竞争性抑制, Ki为0.11 μmol·L-1。可以猜测, CYP2J2天然抑制剂经过改造后使其具有抗具核梭杆菌效果, 可以起到抗具核梭杆菌加抗肿瘤的双层效果。
血管生成素样4 (angiopoetin-like 4, ANGPTL4) 是血管生成素相关基因产物中8种蛋白质家族的成员, 这些蛋白质在结构上类似于血管生成素, 具有广泛的生物学功能, 包括调节脂肪和葡萄糖代谢、造血干细胞扩张、慢性炎症、血管生成和血管通透性, ANGPTL4的表达受营养(如禁食) 和不同代谢状态(如低氧) 的组织依赖性调节[31]
具核梭杆菌感染能够介导ANGPTL4表达上调(图 4a), 上调的ANGPTL4在体内外均能促使结直肠癌细胞增加对葡萄糖的摄取并提高糖酵解活性, 促进具核梭杆菌的定植。此外, 在具核梭杆菌感染的结直肠癌细胞和患者肿瘤中观察到组蛋白3 (H3) 赖氨酸27的乙酰化水平总体增加, 这与相应的ANGPTL4表达上调有关。以上结果表明, 具核梭杆菌诱导的癌细胞代谢重编程对其在结直肠癌中的富集和持续至关重要, 为具核梭杆菌相关结直肠癌的临床干预提供了一个潜在治疗靶点[32]。最新研究还证实, 钙调磷酸酶(calcineurin, CaN) 抑制剂可能和ANGPTL4相关, 此外, CaN抑制剂他克莫司(FK506) (图 4b) 和多肽环孢霉素A (CsA) (图 4c) 可显著抑制足细胞ANGPTL4的表达, 说明ANGPTL4的表达受到CaN信号通路的影响[33]。因而, 基于ANGPTL4信号通路相关靶点CaN开发小分子抑制剂或多肽药物也是一个极具前景的抗具核梭杆菌药物开发研究方向。
具核梭杆菌对癌细胞的侵袭可诱导细胞因子白细胞介素-8 (IL-8) 和C-X-C基序配体1 (CXCL1) 的分泌, 从而直接诱导结直肠癌[34-36]和乳腺癌[37]的肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭。CXCL1与IL-8具有相似作用, CXCL1高表达促进炎症发生, 两者可以从感染的细胞和旁分泌信号迁移到邻近的未感染肿瘤和免疫细胞, 参与结直肠癌的发生和转移, 增强肿瘤细胞在非原发肿瘤部位的定植[23, 38]。CXCL1通过G蛋白偶联受体CXC受体2 (CXCR2) 发出信号。G蛋白偶联受体CXC受体1 (CXCR1) 和CXCR2同属于CXC趋化因子家族, 表达于黑色素瘤组织及其衍生细胞系[39], 它们的过表达可促进肿瘤细胞增殖、趋化和侵袭(图 5), 而CXCR1和CXCR2的中和抗体可逆转黑色素瘤细胞的转移, 并阻断内皮细胞的迁移。在CXCR2基因缺陷的裸鼠中, 黑色素瘤细胞的生长、血管生成和实验性肺转移也都受到抑制[40-42]。因此, 开发靶向CXCR1、CXCR2药物也可能对具核梭杆菌参与的促结直肠癌细胞增殖作用具有潜在治疗价值。
已有文献报道小分子化合物可以通过下调CXCR1和CXCR2的表达抑制肿瘤的发生和转移。例如, 小分子SCH-527123 (图 6a) 是CXCR1/2受体的强效选择性拮抗剂, 可以下调CXCR1和CXCR2的表达, 在分子水平上可以明显抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路及其下游信号转导[43]。SX-682 (图 6b) 是CXCR1/2别构抑制剂(又称变构抑制剂), 能够显著清除粒细胞髓源性抑制细胞(gMDSCs) 的溶瘤浸润, 促进具有强抗肿瘤活性的CD8+ T细胞的生成, 与其他药物联合应用可有效抑制肿瘤细胞的生长[44]。然而, 两种小分子抑制剂是否具有抑制具核梭杆菌作用尚未有报道, 鉴于以上作用机制, 笔者认为它们在治疗具核梭杆菌感染的结直肠癌中与抗具核梭杆菌药物联用具有提升治疗效果的潜力, 具有进一步研究价值。
研究表明, 具核梭杆菌与肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞通过黏附直接相互作用, 而驱动这种直接相互作用的关键在于具核梭杆菌外膜暴露的黏附素Fap2FadA[23]Fap2缺失或失活的具核梭杆菌与表达半乳糖/N-乙酰半乳糖胺(Gal-GalNAc) 结直肠癌细胞的结合降低, 表明Fap2可与肿瘤细胞表面过表达的Gal-GalNAc结合。进一步研究发现, FadA与E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin) 在瘤内上皮细胞的紧密连接处结合, 从而通过Wnt信号启动细胞增殖[45]。静脉注射具核梭杆菌后, 具核梭杆菌会以Fap2依赖的方式定位于小鼠肿瘤组织, 表明具核梭杆菌可以通过血液途径到达结直肠癌肿瘤组织中。因此, 靶向具核梭杆菌的Fap2或宿主上皮细胞Gal-GalNAc可能会降低具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌的增殖作用[45]。然而, 令人遗憾的是, 目前暂无此方面的小分子化合物报道, 其原因可能是现有对Fap2的功能和蛋白晶体结构的研究还不够深入, 且Fap2没有有效的小分子结合位点, 这为基于结构的合理药物设计带来了困难。
类法尼醇X受体(famesoid X receptor, FXR) 是一种配体激活的转录因子, 参与胆汁酸(BA) 的合成和肠肝循环的调控。结合型的胆汁酸进入肠道以后, 首先由富含胆盐水解酶的肠道菌代谢成非结合型的胆汁酸。进而对胆汁酸骨架结构上的7位、3位、6位、12位的羟基进行修饰, 进行脱羟基、脱氢、异构化等, 最终形成了次级胆汁酸。次级胆汁酸的脂溶性, 能够和细胞膜结合释放花生四烯酸, 促进活性氧(ROS) 的产生, 诱导DNA损伤, 具核梭杆菌参与了以上两个代谢过程。此外, 胆汁酸还可以介导炎症反应, 通过一系列的信号传导, 促进肿瘤的增殖、抑制肿瘤细胞的凋亡。全身FXR的缺失能够加快自发性结直肠癌的进程, 因此, 调节肠道FXR信号和改变BA代谢物是预防和治疗结直肠癌和肝癌的潜在治疗策略[46]。目前已报道的FXR的小分子激动剂有十几种, 且靶点明确, 根据其化学结构, FXR激动剂分为甾体类和非甾体类。大多数类固醇类候选药物都有不良反应。因此, 在第一种强效激动剂GW4064被发现后, 学术界和制药公司更专注于开发非甾体激动剂, 但FXR激动剂是否可以应用在结直肠癌治疗中尚无报道。Tully等[47]报道了FXR小分子激动剂tropifexor (图 7), 具有较低的清除率(Cl = 9 mL·min-1·kg-1) 和较长的终端半衰期(T1/2 = 3.7 h), 口服生物利用度为20%, 在健康志愿者身上表现出较好的安全性和耐受性, 并已进入临床试验, 用于治疗原发性胆管炎和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎。已有报道[48], 噻唑类化合物具有抗肠道菌的效果, 鉴于tropifexor化学结构中含有噻唑类结构, 具有结构相似性, tropifexor在调节胆汁酸分泌过程中很有可能在稳定肠道菌群、抑制具核梭杆菌方面发挥作用。
目前, 具核梭杆菌促进结直肠癌的发生、发展、化疗耐药和转移的机制已经取得了突破性进展, 可用以治疗具核梭杆菌感染结直肠癌的靶点及其小分子化合物也随之得以发现, 为基于抗致病具核梭杆菌开发抗结直肠癌的药物起到了重要的推动作用, 有望为结直肠癌的防治提供全新干预策略, 具有极好的研究前景。与现有结直肠癌治疗药物相比, 抗肠道致病具核梭杆菌的结直肠癌治疗药物将具有诸多优势[49]。首先, 抗肠道致病菌药物有望能够克服现有临床药物的耐药性。抗肠道致病菌药物的直接杀伤对象是肠道致病菌, 而不是肿瘤本身, 因此, 结直肠癌在产生耐药抵抗时不会针对抗肠道致病菌药物。其次, 抗肠道致病菌药物有望提高现有临床药物的药效。由于肠道致病菌可引起炎症和免疫细胞浸润, 破坏机体肿瘤免疫, 导致临床用药药效不佳[50], 而抑制或杀伤肠道致病菌将改善上述不利因素, 从而提升药物的治疗效果[51]。但是, 本领域的科学问题是目前还缺乏高效、高选择性的抗具核梭杆菌进而抗结直肠癌的药物, 也不清楚它们的作用机制。
笔者认为可基于以下两方面开展深入研究: ①基于表型筛选, 直接评估化合物在细胞、组织和动物等整体水平的抗具核梭杆菌活性, 发现活性优秀、选择性好的化合物, 再通过蛋白组学、基因组学、靶点垂钓等技术进而深入研究化合物作用机制; ②对已报道的功能蛋白如本文所综述的这些蛋白或靶点进行深入的功能和作用机制研究, 基于靶点和小分子晶体复合物, 探究靶点的成药性能, 基于靶点开展合理的药物设计, 阐明构效关系和作用机制, 提升化合物成药性, 获得高活性、高选择性候选药物, 并再次通过候选药物(分子探针) 验证靶点成药性, 为基于该靶点开发抗具核梭杆菌进而抗结直肠癌的创新药物奠定理论和物质基础。
相信通过以上两种策略的深入研究, 结合人们对具核梭杆菌在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用机制的阐明及其具核梭杆菌关键致病蛋白功能的揭示, 新型药物和新型结直肠癌干预策略也将随之涌现。
综上, 基于肠菌开展抗结直肠癌研究, 将打破传统通过抑制肿瘤靶点发现抗结直肠癌药物的研究思路, 发展“抗菌抑癌”新策略, 有望克服现有药物缺陷, 获得具有自主知识产权的先导化合物或候选药物。
作者贡献: 所有作者都参与了文献调研、手稿设计与撰写。白学鑫、武善超、黄亚辉开展文献调研和手稿撰写; 武善超、盛春泉获取经费资助并指导整个研究。所有作者都认可手稿的最终版本。
利益冲突: 本文的发表不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0509204)
  • 国家自然科学基金(22077138)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81725020)
  • 上海市青年科技启明星计划(22QA1411300)
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2023年第58卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-1098
  • 接收时间:2022-10-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-07
  • 修回日期:2022-11-04
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0509204)
国家自然科学基金(22077138)
国家自然科学基金(81725020)
上海市青年科技启明星计划(22QA1411300)
作者信息
    中国人民解放军海军军医大学, 上海 200433

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*盛春泉, Tel: 86-21-81871201, E-mail: ;
武善超, Tel: 86-21-81871242, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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