Article(id=1198624399042637855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1656518400000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-30, revisedDate=1658937600000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703926095, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1678550400000, pubDateStr=2023-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703926095, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703926095, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703926095, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624396437975057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='804', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703925474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704091914, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198625094596657876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624396437975057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=516, endPage=529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624399260741672, articleId=1198624399042637855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Advance on small molecule self-assembled nano-drug delivery system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Since the application of biomedical nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery breathes new life into the research and development of high-end innovative agents, a substantial number of novel nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) have been successively developed and applied in the clinical practice. Among them, small molecule pure drug and prodrug-based nanoassemblies have grasped great attention, owing to the facile fabrication, ultrahigh drug loading and feasible industrial production. Herein, we provide an overview on the latest updates of small-molecule nanoassemblies. Firstly, the self-assembled prodrug-based nano-DDSs are introduced, including nanoassemblies formed by amphiphilic monomeric prodrugs, hydrophobic monomeric prodrugs and dimer monomeric prodrugs. Then, the recent advances on nanoassemblies of small molecule pure chemical drugs and biological drugs are presented. Furthermore, carrier-free small-molecule hybrid nanoassemblies of pure drugs and/or prodrugs are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the rational design, application prospects and clinical challenges of small-molecule self-assembled nano-DDSs are discussed and highlighted. This review aims to provide scientific reference for constructing the next generation of nanomedicines.

, correspAuthors=Cong LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-ting LIU, Yue-quan WANG, Shen-wu ZHANG, Cong LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624401051709577, articleId=1198624399042637855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=小分子自组装纳米递药系统研究进展, columnId=1198624399348822061, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 基于智能化递药系统的疾病精准治疗研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

生物纳米技术在药物递送领域的应用为高端创新制剂的研发注入了新动力, 一系列新型纳米递药系统被相继开发乃至应用于临床。其中, 由小分子药物或前药自组装形成的纳米递药系统因具有制备工艺简便、载药量超高和易于实现工业化生产等优势而备受关注, 已成为纳米递药系统领域的一个重要分支。本文总结了小分子自组装纳米递药系统的最新研究进展。首先, 对小分子前药自组装纳米递药系统进行介绍, 包括两亲性、疏水性和二聚体小分子前药自组装纳米递药系统。其次, 分别介绍小分子化学药物和小分子生物药物自组装纳米递药系统的最新进展。再者, 对小分子杂化共组装纳米递药系统进行总结和分析, 包括小分子纯药共组装纳米递药系统、小分子前药共组装纳米递药系统及小分子前药/小分子纯药共组装纳米递药系统。最后, 讨论了小分子自组装纳米递药系统的合理设计、应用前景和临床挑战, 以期为新一代纳米制剂的设计与构建提供参考。

, correspAuthors=罗聪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*罗聪, Tel: 86-24-23986321, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EFEOHrDfra7itBBF9/NrZQ==, magXml=yEwTfnMpeGbfr0lqkqyjkQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PYDrNBcU/OWu//gfKJcSPw==, pdfFileSize=5627546, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3GD1Tajo30fES3SVPmq0VA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=b2v8R5bGlffGZK1JyaR5iA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=刘雨婷, 王悦全, 张申武, 罗聪)}, authors=[Author(id=1198702035483849445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702035597095662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702035483849445, language=EN, stringName=Yu-ting LIU, firstName=Yu-ting, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702035722924792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702035483849445, language=CN, stringName=刘雨婷, firstName=雨婷, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702035328660184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035337048794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035358020315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016)])]), Author(id=1198702036897329928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702037052519187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702036897329928, language=EN, stringName=Yue-quan WANG, firstName=Yue-quan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702037216097060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702036897329928, language=CN, stringName=王悦全, firstName=悦全, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702035328660184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035337048794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035358020315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016)])]), Author(id=1198702037371286325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702037509698371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702037371286325, language=EN, stringName=Shen-wu ZHANG, firstName=Shen-wu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702037606167369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702037371286325, language=CN, stringName=张申武, firstName=申武, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702035328660184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035337048794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035358020315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016)])]), Author(id=1198702037790716762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=luocong@syphu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702038184981366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702037790716762, language=EN, stringName=Cong LUO, firstName=Cong, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702038377919373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, authorId=1198702037790716762, language=CN, stringName=罗聪, firstName=聪, middleName=null, lastName=罗, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702035328660184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035337048794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035358020315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198702038637966242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=small-molecule drug), Keyword(id=1198702038788961205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=small-molecule prodrug), Keyword(id=1198702038931567557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=self-assembly), Keyword(id=1198702039107728338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=hybrid nanoassembly), Keyword(id=1198702039262917600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=nano-drug delivery system), Keyword(id=1198702039397135340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=小分子药物), Keyword(id=1198702039590073342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=小分子前药), Keyword(id=1198702039778816012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=自组装), Keyword(id=1198702040055640104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=杂化纳米组装), Keyword(id=1198702040244383801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=纳米递药系统)], refs=[Reference(id=1198702043922788746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/smll.202101460, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=2101460, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Small, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G, Sun B, Li Y, et al. Small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies: an emerging nanoplatform for anticancer drug delivery[J]. Small, 2021, 17: 2101460., articleTitle=Small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies: an emerging nanoplatform for anticancer drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702044073783707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.cej.2022.135160, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=435, issue=null, pageStart=135160, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Chem Eng J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Y, Zhao T, Bai M, et al. Emerging small molecule-engineered hybrid nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. Chem Eng J, 2022, 435: 135160., articleTitle=Emerging small molecule-engineered hybrid nanomedicines for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702044296081838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.036, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=1366, pageEnd=1374, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin Chem Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu W, Shevtsov M, Chen X, et al. Advances in aggregatable nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2020, 31: 1366-1374., articleTitle=Advances in aggregatable nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702044438688192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=46, pageEnd=63, url=http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1172, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan WL, Lang TQ, Yin Q, et al. Progress on active tumor-targeting nano drug delivery systems for improving tumor immunotherapy[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 46-63., articleTitle=Progress on active tumor-targeting nano drug delivery systems for improving tumor immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702044572905932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=645, pageEnd=659, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=Trends Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang F, Zhao Z, Sun B, et al. Nanotherapeutics for antimetastatic treatment[J]. Trends Cancer, 2020, 6: 645-659., articleTitle=Nanotherapeutics for antimetastatic treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702044686152155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=3261, pageEnd=3267, url=http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1145, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen KD, Feng D, Zhou H, et al. The development of folate modified squalene-chidamide prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles to enhance the drug delivery in pancreatic cancer microenvironment[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 3261-3267., articleTitle=The development of folate modified squalene-chidamide prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles to enhance the drug delivery in pancreatic cancer microenvironment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702044866507244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.010, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=342, issue=null, pageStart=280, pageEnd=294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Q, Xu S, Liu S, et al. Emerging nanomedicines of paclitaxel for cancer treatment[J]. J Control Release, 2022, 342: 280-294., articleTitle=Emerging nanomedicines of paclitaxel for cancer treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045063639549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120737, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=271, issue=null, pageStart=120737, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Li S, Wang X, et al. Smart transformable nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 271: 120737., articleTitle=Smart transformable nanomedicines for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045189468681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=3212, pageEnd=3223, url=http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0396, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han T, Chen Y, Qu D. Research progress of natural polysaccharides and their nano-sized drug delivery systems in regulating tumor microenvironment[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 3212-3223., articleTitle=Research progress of natural polysaccharides and their nano-sized drug delivery systems in regulating tumor microenvironment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045273354770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/EXP.20210134, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Exploration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xue X, Qu H, Li Y. Stimuli‐responsive crosslinked nanomedicine for cancer treatment[J]. Exploration, 2022. DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20210134., articleTitle=Stimuli‐responsive crosslinked nanomedicine for cancer treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045403378202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ajps.2021.12.003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=206, pageEnd=218, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y, Li J, Zhong X, et al. A pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem with chlorin e6 and triptolide co-delivery for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17: 206-218., articleTitle=A pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem with chlorin e6 and triptolide co-delivery for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045579538980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/EXP.20210149, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=1, issue=null, pageStart=50, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Exploration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang H, Dong C, Chang M, et al. Mitochondria‐specific nanocatalysts for chemotherapy‐augmented sequential chemoreactive tumor therapy[J]. Exploration, 2021, 1: 50-60., articleTitle=Mitochondria‐specific nanocatalysts for chemotherapy‐augmented sequential chemoreactive tumor therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045676007981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00920, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=4200, pageEnd=4207, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Biomater Sci Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu KF, Liu YX, Li CX, et al. Self-assembled pH and redox dual responsive carboxymethylcellulose-based polymeric nanoparticles for efficient anticancer drug codelivery[J]. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2018, 4: 4200-4207., articleTitle=Self-assembled pH and redox dual responsive carboxymethylcellulose-based polymeric nanoparticles for efficient anticancer drug codelivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045827002935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.addr.2021.113908, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=178, issue=null, pageStart=113908, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Drug Deliv Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kheraldine H, Rachid O, Habib AM, et al. Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: a focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2021, 178: 113908., articleTitle=Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: a focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702045998969415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D0NH00605J, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=78, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Nanoscale Horiz, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y, Castro Bravo KM, Liu J. Targeted liposomal drug delivery: a nanoscience and biophysical perspective[J]. Nanoscale Horiz, 2021, 6: 78-94., articleTitle=Targeted liposomal drug delivery: a nanoscience and biophysical perspective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702046120604241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D0CS00461H, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=null, pageStart=8669, pageEnd=8742, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=Chem Soc Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Zhong X, Li J, et al. Inorganic nanomaterials with rapid clearance for biomedical applications[J]. Chem Soc Rev, 2021, 50: 8669-8742., articleTitle=Inorganic nanomaterials with rapid clearance for biomedical applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702046275793502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01221, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=2275, pageEnd=2286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan H, Guo H, Luan X, et al. Albumin nanoparticle of paclitaxel (Abraxane) decreases while Taxol increases breast cancer stem cells in treatment of triple negative breast cancer[J]. Mol Pharm, 2020, 17: 2275-2286., articleTitle=Albumin nanoparticle of paclitaxel (Abraxane) decreases while Taxol increases breast cancer stem cells in treatment of triple negative breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702046430982765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102351, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=62, issue=null, pageStart=102351, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haftcheshmeh SM, Jaafari MR, Mashreghi M, et al. Liposomal doxorubicin targeting mitochondria: a novel formulation to enhance anti-tumor effects of Doxil® in vitro and in vivo[J]. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 62: 102351., articleTitle=Liposomal doxorubicin targeting mitochondria: a novel formulation to enhance anti-tumor effects of Doxil® in vitro and in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702046561006201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1111/cas.15377, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=2224, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=Cancer Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Milano G, Innocenti F, Minami H. Liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde): exemplifying the benefits of nanotherapeutic drugs[J]. Cancer Sci, 2022, 113: 2224., articleTitle=Liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde): exemplifying the benefits of nanotherapeutic drugs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702046724584074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=329, issue=null, pageStart=805, pageEnd=832, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Karaosmanoglu S, Zhou M, Shi B, et al. Carrier-free nanodrugs for safe and effective cancer treatment[J]. J Control Release, 2021, 329: 805-832., articleTitle=Carrier-free nanodrugs for safe and effective cancer treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702046862996116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/med.21669, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=null, pageStart=1754, pageEnd=1775, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=Med Res Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X, Li N, Zhang S, et al. Emerging carrier‐free nanosystems based on molecular self‐assembly of pure drugs for cancer therapy[J]. Med Res Rev, 2020, 40: 1754-1775., articleTitle=Emerging carrier‐free nanosystems based on molecular self‐assembly of pure drugs for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047039156900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.028, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=70, issue=null, pageStart=197, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Biomater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao R, Zheng G, Fan L, et al. Carrier-free nanodrug by co-assembly of chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer for cancer imaging and chemo-photo combination therapy[J]. Acta Biomater, 2018, 70: 197-210., articleTitle=Carrier-free nanodrug by co-assembly of chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer for cancer imaging and chemo-photo combination therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047202734778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102107, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=102107, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Amirsaadat S, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Alijani S, et al. Metformin and silibinin co-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for effective combination therapy against human breast cancer cells[J]. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 61: 102107., articleTitle=Metformin and silibinin co-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for effective combination therapy against human breast cancer cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047366312646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ajps.2022.02.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=241, pageEnd=252, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y, Li L, Jin Q, et al. Impact of the amount of PEG on prodrug nanoassemblies for efficient cancer therapy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17: 241-252., articleTitle=Impact of the amount of PEG on prodrug nanoassemblies for efficient cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047517307600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00779, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=121, issue=null, pageStart=1746, pageEnd=1803, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=Chem Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Izci M, Maksoudian C, Manshian BB, et al. The use of alternative strategies for enhanced nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors[J]. Chem Rev, 2021, 121: 1746-1803., articleTitle=The use of alternative strategies for enhanced nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047630553818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1038/s41571-019-0308-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=251, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Rev Clin Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Martin JD, Cabral H, Stylianopoulos T, et al. Improving cancer immunotherapy using nanomedicines: progress, opportunities and challenges[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2020, 17: 251-266., articleTitle=Improving cancer immunotherapy using nanomedicines: progress, opportunities and challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047806714598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.006, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong S, Ma S, Chen H, et al. Nucleobase-crosslinked poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles as paclitaxel carriers with enhanced stability and ultra-high drug loading capacity for breast cancer therapy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.006., articleTitle=Nucleobase-crosslinked poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles as paclitaxel carriers with enhanced stability and ultra-high drug loading capacity for breast cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702047949320946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.cclet.2020.05.034, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=3178, pageEnd=3182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin Chem Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He M, Yu L, Yang Y, et al. Delivery of triptolide with reduction-sensitive polymer nanoparticles for liver cancer therapy on patient-derived xenografts models[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2020, 31: 3178-3182., articleTitle=Delivery of triptolide with reduction-sensitive polymer nanoparticles for liver cancer therapy on patient-derived xenografts models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048096121601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120705, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=270, issue=null, pageStart=120705, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Xie H, Ying K, et al. Tuning the efficacy of esterase-activatable prodrug nanoparticles for the treatment of colorectal malignancies[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 270: 120705., articleTitle=Tuning the efficacy of esterase-activatable prodrug nanoparticles for the treatment of colorectal malignancies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048238727951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00762, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=4106, pageEnd=4115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Biomater Sci Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu B, Xiao F, Wang Z, et al. Redox-sensitive hyaluronic acid polymer prodrug nanoparticles for enhancing intracellular drug self-delivery and targeted cancer therapy[J]. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020, 6: 4106-4115., articleTitle=Redox-sensitive hyaluronic acid polymer prodrug nanoparticles for enhancing intracellular drug self-delivery and targeted cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048398111515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/adfm.201807446, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=29, issue=null, pageStart=1807446, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Funct Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang J, Hu S, Mao W, et al. Assemblies of peptide-cytotoxin conjugates for tumor-homing chemotherapy[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1807446., articleTitle=Assemblies of peptide-cytotoxin conjugates for tumor-homing chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048486191911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.032, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin Chem Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu R, Luo C, Pang Z, et al. Advances of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for disease diagnosis and treatment[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.032., articleTitle=Advances of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for disease diagnosis and treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048624603953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.027, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=318, issue=null, pageStart=234, pageEnd=245, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ran W, Liu X, Chang L, et al. Self-assembling mertansine prodrug improves tolerability and efficacy of chemotherapy against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 318: 234-245., articleTitle=Self-assembling mertansine prodrug improves tolerability and efficacy of chemotherapy against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048746238781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D0TB00285B, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=3918, pageEnd=3928, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=J Mater Chem B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu L, Li B, Lin C, et al. Redox-responsive amphiphilic camptothecin prodrug nanoparticles for targeted liver tumor therapy[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2020, 8: 3918-3928., articleTitle=Redox-responsive amphiphilic camptothecin prodrug nanoparticles for targeted liver tumor therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702048909816653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.038, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=321, issue=null, pageStart=529, pageEnd=539, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong C, Zhou Q, Xiang J, et al. Self-assembly of oxidation-responsive polyethylene glycol-paclitaxel prodrug for cancer chemotherapy[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 321: 529-539., articleTitle=Self-assembly of oxidation-responsive polyethylene glycol-paclitaxel prodrug for cancer chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049090171732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.addr.2021.114027, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=179, issue=null, pageStart=114027, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Drug Deliv Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiang J, Liu X, Yuan G, et al. Nanomedicine from amphiphilized prodrugs: concept and clinical translation[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2021, 179: 114027., articleTitle=Nanomedicine from amphiphilized prodrugs: concept and clinical translation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049249555299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsami.9b09031, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=23948, pageEnd=23956, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Y, He P, Tian X, et al. Mussel-derived, cancer-targeting peptide as pH-sensitive prodrug nanocarrier[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 23948-23956., articleTitle=Mussel-derived, cancer-targeting peptide as pH-sensitive prodrug nanocarrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049387967340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=348, issue=null, pageStart=672, pageEnd=691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun L, Zhao P, Chen M, et al. Taxanes prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2022, 348: 672-691., articleTitle=Taxanes prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049572516736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1246/bcsj.20190088, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=1305, pageEnd=1313, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=Bull Chem Soc Japan, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Koseki Y, Ikuta Y, Cong L, et al. Influence of hydrolysis susceptibility and hydrophobicity of SN-38 nano-prodrugs on their anticancer activity[J]. Bull Chem Soc Japan, 2019, 92: 1305-1313., articleTitle=Influence of hydrolysis susceptibility and hydrophobicity of SN-38 nano-prodrugs on their anticancer activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049702540172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/adhm.202101407, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=2101407, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Healthc Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G, Sun B, Zheng S, et al. Zwitterion‐driven shape program of prodrug nanoassemblies with high stability, high tumor accumulation, and high antitumor activity[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2021, 10: 2101407., articleTitle=Zwitterion‐driven shape program of prodrug nanoassemblies with high stability, high tumor accumulation, and high antitumor activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049840952215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/nl502044x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=5577, pageEnd=5583, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Liu D, Zheng Q, et al. Disulfide bond bridge insertion turns hydrophobic anticancer prodrugs into self-assembled nanomedicines[J]. Nano Lett, 2014, 14: 5577-5583., articleTitle=Disulfide bond bridge insertion turns hydrophobic anticancer prodrugs into self-assembled nanomedicines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702049958392737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120369, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=597, issue=null, pageStart=120369, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=Int J Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Y, Ying X, Su Y, et al. Kinetically-stable small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer chemotherapy[J]. Int J Pharm, 2021, 597: 120369., articleTitle=Kinetically-stable small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050138747824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1007/s12274-021-3895-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=3367, pageEnd=3375, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Li L, Wang D, et al. Minor change in the length of carbon chain has a great influence on the antitumor effect of paclitaxel-fatty alcohol prodrug nanoassemblies: small roles, big impacts[J]. Nano Res, 2022, 15: 3367-3375., articleTitle=Minor change in the length of carbon chain has a great influence on the antitumor effect of paclitaxel-fatty alcohol prodrug nanoassemblies: small roles, big impacts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050268771260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.7150/thno.61337, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=7896, pageEnd=7910, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=Theranostics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Yang B, Li L, et al. Probing the fluorination effect on the self-assembly characteristics, in vivo fate and antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel prodrug nanoassemblies[J]. Theranostics, 2021, 11: 7896-7910., articleTitle=Probing the fluorination effect on the self-assembly characteristics, in vivo fate and antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel prodrug nanoassemblies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050419766216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1038/s41467-019-11193-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=3211, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun B, Luo C, Zhang X, et al. Probing the impact of sulfur/selenium/carbon linkages on prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer therapy[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 3211., articleTitle=Probing the impact of sulfur/selenium/carbon linkages on prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050583344087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.036, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=326, issue=null, pageStart=510, pageEnd=522, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li S, Shan X, Wang Y, et al. Dimeric prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 326: 510-522., articleTitle=Dimeric prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050751116264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03089, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=7862, pageEnd=7869, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Li Y, Wang K, et al. GSH-responsive nanoprodrug to inhibit glycolysis and alleviate immunosuppression for cancer therapy[J]. Nano Lett, 2021, 21: 7862-7869., articleTitle=GSH-responsive nanoprodrug to inhibit glycolysis and alleviate immunosuppression for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702050885334006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/adfm.201901896, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=29, issue=null, pageStart=1901896, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Funct Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X, Hu C, Tong F, et al. Tumor microenvironment‐responsive dual drug dimer‐loaded pegylated bilirubin nanoparticles for improved drug delivery and enhanced immune‐chemotherapy of breast cancer[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1901896., articleTitle=Tumor microenvironment‐responsive dual drug dimer‐loaded pegylated bilirubin nanoparticles for improved drug delivery and enhanced immune‐chemotherapy of breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051006968832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.007, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=464, pageEnd=477, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Biomater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou L, Xie H, Chen X, et al. Dimerization-induced self-assembly of a redox-responsive prodrug into nanoparticles for improved therapeutic index[J]. Acta Biomater, 2020, 113: 464-477., articleTitle=Dimerization-induced self-assembly of a redox-responsive prodrug into nanoparticles for improved therapeutic index, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051149574157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.061, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=549, issue=null, pageStart=230, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=Int J Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, et al. Glutathione-responsive self-delivery nanoparticles assembled by curcumin dimer for enhanced intracellular drug delivery[J]. Int J Pharm, 2018, 549: 230-238., articleTitle=Glutathione-responsive self-delivery nanoparticles assembled by curcumin dimer for enhanced intracellular drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051359289379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=294, issue=null, pageStart=311, pageEnd=326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhuang WR, Wang Y, Cui PF, et al. Applications of π-π stacking interactions in the design of drug-delivery systems[J]. J Control Release, 2019, 294: 311-326., articleTitle=Applications of π-π stacking interactions in the design of drug-delivery systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051514478641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/smll.202005039, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=2005039, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=Small, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zuo S, Sun B, Yang Y, et al. Probing the superiority of diselenium bond on docetaxel dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies: small roles taking big responsibilities[J]. Small, 2020, 16: 2005039., articleTitle=Probing the superiority of diselenium bond on docetaxel dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies: small roles taking big responsibilities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051636113469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ajps.2021.02.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=337, pageEnd=349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li L, Zuo S, Dong F, et al. Small changes in the length of diselenide bond-containing linkages exert great influences on the antitumor activity of docetaxel homodimeric prodrug nanoassemblies[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2021, 16: 337-349., articleTitle=Small changes in the length of diselenide bond-containing linkages exert great influences on the antitumor activity of docetaxel homodimeric prodrug nanoassemblies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051757748299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101480, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=null, pageStart=101480, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Today, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, Zuo S, Zhang J, et al. Prodrug nanoassemblies bridged by mono-/di-/tri-sulfide bonds: exploration is for going further[J]. Nano Today, 2022, 44: 101480., articleTitle=Prodrug nanoassemblies bridged by mono-/di-/tri-sulfide bonds: exploration is for going further, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702051904548951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1126/sciadv.abc1725, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=eabc1725, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=Sci Adv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, Sun B, Zuo S, et al. Trisulfide bond-mediated doxorubicin dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies with high drug loading, high self-assembly stability, and high tumor selectivity[J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6: eabc1725., articleTitle=Trisulfide bond-mediated doxorubicin dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies with high drug loading, high self-assembly stability, and high tumor selectivity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702052160401514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112614, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren G, Duan D, Wang G, et al. Construction of reduction-sensitive heterodimer prodrugs of doxorubicin and dihydroartemisinin self-assembled nanoparticles with antitumor activity[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112614., articleTitle=Construction of reduction-sensitive heterodimer prodrugs of doxorubicin and dihydroartemisinin self-assembled nanoparticles with antitumor activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702052437225598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.7150/thno.20028, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=3638, pageEnd=3652, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=Theranostics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H, Chen J, Xu C, et al. Cancer Nanomedicines stabilized by π-π stacking between heterodimeric prodrugs enable exceptionally high drug loading capacity and safer delivery of drug combinations[J]. Theranostics, 2017, 7: 3638-3652., articleTitle=Cancer Nanomedicines stabilized by π-π stacking between heterodimeric prodrugs enable exceptionally high drug loading capacity and safer delivery of drug combinations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702052617580679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsnano.0c05722, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=16875, pageEnd=16886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang M, Mu J, Jacobson O, et al. Reactive oxygen species activatable heterodimeric prodrug as tumor-selective nanothera-nostics[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14: 16875-16886., articleTitle=Reactive oxygen species activatable heterodimeric prodrug as tumor-selective nanothera-nostics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702052747604113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=302, issue=null, pageStart=79, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo C, Sun B, Wang C, et al. Self-facilitated ROS-responsive nanoassembly of heterotypic dimer for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2019, 302: 79-89., articleTitle=Self-facilitated ROS-responsive nanoassembly of heterotypic dimer for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702052902793370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsnano.1c03416, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=12086, pageEnd=12098, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Choi J, Shim MK, Yang S, et al. Visible-light-triggered prodrug nanoparticles combine chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy to potentiate checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2021, 15: 12086-12098., articleTitle=Visible-light-triggered prodrug nanoparticles combine chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy to potentiate checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702053020233891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=92, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu S, Li G, Zang W, et al. Pure drug nano-assemblies: a facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2022, 12: 92-106., articleTitle=Pure drug nano-assemblies: a facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702053280280758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100878, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=33, issue=null, pageStart=100878, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Today, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng Z, Cheng Y, Chen Q, et al. Self-assembly of pentapeptides into morphology-adaptable nanomedicines for enhanced combinatorial chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. Nano Today, 2020, 33: 100878., articleTitle=Self-assembly of pentapeptides into morphology-adaptable nanomedicines for enhanced combinatorial chemo-photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702053431275715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsami.8b10421, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=30155, pageEnd=30162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X, Sun B, Zuo S, et al. Self-assembly of a pure photosensitizer as a versatile theragnostic nanoplatform for imaging-guided antitumor photothermal therapy[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10: 30155-30162., articleTitle=Self-assembly of a pure photosensitizer as a versatile theragnostic nanoplatform for imaging-guided antitumor photothermal therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702053594853587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00444, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=2466, pageEnd=2478, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=Mol Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan L, Zhang B, Xu A, et al. Carrier-free, pure nanodrug formed by the self-assembly of an anticancer drug for cancer immune therapy[J]. Mol Pharm, 2018, 15: 2466-2478., articleTitle=Carrier-free, pure nanodrug formed by the self-assembly of an anticancer drug for cancer immune therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702053812957410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D1QM00430A, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=4664, pageEnd=4671, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=Mater Chem Front, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang L, Gan S, Guo Q, et al. Stimuli-controlled peptide self-assembly with secondary structure transitions and its application in drug release[J]. Mater Chem Front, 2021, 5: 4664-4671., articleTitle=Stimuli-controlled peptide self-assembly with secondary structure transitions and its application in drug release, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702054005895413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1038/s41563-017-0007-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=361, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shamay Y, Shah J, Işık M, et al. Quantitative self-assembly prediction yields targeted nanomedicines[J]. Nat Mater, 2018, 17: 361-368., articleTitle=Quantitative self-assembly prediction yields targeted nanomedicines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702054169473289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D0BM01987A, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=3348, pageEnd=3361, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomater Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhai Y, Wang J, Qiu L. Drug-driven self-assembly of pH-sensitive nano-vesicles with high loading capacity and anti-tumor efficacy[J]. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9: 3348-3361., articleTitle=Drug-driven self-assembly of pH-sensitive nano-vesicles with high loading capacity and anti-tumor efficacy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702054354022688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.054, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=165, issue=null, pageStart=345, pageEnd=354, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin SY, Cheng YJ, Jiang ZW, et al. Morphology control of self-deliverable nanodrug with enhanced anticancer efficiency[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2018, 165: 345-354., articleTitle=Morphology control of self-deliverable nanodrug with enhanced anticancer efficiency, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702054521794865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/nl503598u, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=313, pageEnd=318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Li Y, An FF, et al. Preparation and size control of sub-100 nm pure nanodrugs[J]. Nano Lett, 2015, 15: 313-318., articleTitle=Preparation and size control of sub-100 nm pure nanodrugs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702054823784773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1515/hsz-2016-0316, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=398, issue=null, pageStart=955, pageEnd=974, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dolinsky VW. The role of sirtuins in mitochondrial function and doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction[J]. Biol Chem, 2017, 398: 955-974., articleTitle=The role of sirtuins in mitochondrial function and doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055004139861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1007/s00520-018-4054-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=null, pageStart=2161, pageEnd=2166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=Support Care Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bun S, Yunokawa M, Tamaki Y, et al. Symptom management: the utility of regional cooling for hand-foot syndrome induced by PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2018, 26: 2161-2166., articleTitle=Symptom management: the utility of regional cooling for hand-foot syndrome induced by PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055176106348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/C5NR00290G, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=5683, pageEnd=5690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=Nanoscale, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu C, Zhou M, Zhang X, et al. Smart doxorubicin nanoparticles with high drug payload for enhanced chemotherapy against drug resistance and cancer diagnosis[J]. Nanoscale, 2015, 7: 5683-5690., articleTitle=Smart doxorubicin nanoparticles with high drug payload for enhanced chemotherapy against drug resistance and cancer diagnosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055318712701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.005, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=3636, pageEnd=3647, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharma Sin B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S, Wang Y, Kong Z, et al. Pure photosensitizer-driven nanoassembly with core-matched PEGylation for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy[J]. Acta Pharma Sin B, 2021, 11: 3636-3647., articleTitle=Pure photosensitizer-driven nanoassembly with core-matched PEGylation for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055444541836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113420, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=312, issue=null, pageStart=113420, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=J Mol Liquids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singh P, Manhas P, Sharma R, et al. Self-assembled dipeptide nanospheres as single component based delivery vehicle for ampicillin and doxorubicin[J]. J Mol Liquids, 2020, 312: 113420., articleTitle=Self-assembled dipeptide nanospheres as single component based delivery vehicle for ampicillin and doxorubicin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055608119711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=19, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=Pharmaceuticals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gallo E, Diaferia C, Di Gregorio E, et al. Peptide-based soft hydrogels modified with gadolinium complexes as MRI contrast agents[J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2020, 13: 19., articleTitle=Peptide-based soft hydrogels modified with gadolinium complexes as MRI contrast agents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055788474802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1038/s41565-019-0626-4, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=145, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Nanotechnol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang L, Jing D, Jiang N, et al. Transformable peptide nanoparticles arrest HER2 signalling and cause cancer cell death in vivo[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2020, 15: 145-153., articleTitle=Transformable peptide nanoparticles arrest HER2 signalling and cause cancer cell death in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702055989801412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsnano.7b00781, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=4086, pageEnd=4096, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu XX, He PP, Qi GB, et al. Transformable nanomaterials as an artificial extracellular matrix for inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11: 4086-4096., articleTitle=Transformable nanomaterials as an artificial extracellular matrix for inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702056212099542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1007/s12274-021-3525-6, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=593, pageEnd=602, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng L, Yang L, Li L, et al. Programmed albumin nanoparticles regulate immunosuppressive pivot to potentiate checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nano Res, 2022, 15: 593-602., articleTitle=Programmed albumin nanoparticles regulate immunosuppressive pivot to potentiate checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702056367288812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.2174/0929867327666201111143725, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=6358, pageEnd=6374, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=Curr Med Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou M, Han S, Aras O, et al. Recent advances in paclitaxel-based self-delivery nanomedicine for cancer therapy[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2021, 28: 6358-6374., articleTitle=Recent advances in paclitaxel-based self-delivery nanomedicine for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702056497312248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.027, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=171, issue=null, pageStart=178, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin SY, Cheng YJ, Lei Q, et al. Combinational strategy for high-performance cancer chemotherapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2018, 171: 178-197., articleTitle=Combinational strategy for high-performance cancer chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702056660890119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110722, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=188, issue=null, pageStart=110722, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Ma Q, et al. Novel carrier-free nanoparticles composed of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and chlorin e6: self-assembly mechanism investigation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2020, 188: 110722., articleTitle=Novel carrier-free nanoparticles composed of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and chlorin e6: self-assembly mechanism investigation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702056828662297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120970, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=275, issue=null, pageStart=120970, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao L, Zheng R, Liu L, et al. Self-delivery oxidative stress amplifier for chemotherapy sensitized immunotherapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 275: 120970., articleTitle=Self-delivery oxidative stress amplifier for chemotherapy sensitized immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702056971268648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ajps.2022.02.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang C, Yu H, Yang X, et al. Elaborately engineering of a dual-drug co-assembled nanomedicine for boosting immunogenic cell death and enhancing triple negative breast cancer treatment[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.02.004., articleTitle=Elaborately engineering of a dual-drug co-assembled nanomedicine for boosting immunogenic cell death and enhancing triple negative breast cancer treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702057172595252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.cej.2021.130838, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=426, issue=null, pageStart=130838, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=Chem Eng J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li S, Yang F, Sun X, et al. Precisely engineering a carrier-free hybrid nanoassembly for multimodal DNA damage-augmented photodynamic therapy[J]. Chem Eng J, 2021, 426: 130838., articleTitle=Precisely engineering a carrier-free hybrid nanoassembly for multimodal DNA damage-augmented photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702057327784519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D1NH00590A, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=235, pageEnd=245, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=Nanoscale Horiz, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li C, Wang Q, Li D, et al. Molecular recognition-driven supramolecular nanoassembly of a hydrophobic uracil prodrug and hydrophilic cytarabine for precise combination treatment of solid and non-solid tumors[J]. Nanoscale Horiz, 2022, 7: 235-245., articleTitle=Molecular recognition-driven supramolecular nanoassembly of a hydrophobic uracil prodrug and hydrophilic cytarabine for precise combination treatment of solid and non-solid tumors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702057482973782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.056, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=33, issue=null, pageStart=1927, pageEnd=1932, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin Chem Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang F, Ji Q, Liao R, et al. Precisely engineering a dual-drug cooperative nanoassembly for proteasome inhibition-potentiated photodynamic therapy[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2022, 33: 1927-1932., articleTitle=Precisely engineering a dual-drug cooperative nanoassembly for proteasome inhibition-potentiated photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702057646551655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/advs.202104264, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=2104264, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang H, et al. Elaborately engineering a self-indicating dual-drug nanoassembly for site-specific photothermal-potentiated thrombus penetration and thrombolysis[J]. Adv Sci, 2022, 9: 2104264., articleTitle=Elaborately engineering a self-indicating dual-drug nanoassembly for site-specific photothermal-potentiated thrombus penetration and thrombolysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702057940152967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.ajps.2021.11.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=null, pageStart=129, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=Asian J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han L, Liang S, Mu W, et al. Amphiphilic small molecular mates match hydrophobic drugs to form nanoassemblies based on drug-mate strategy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17: 129-138., articleTitle=Amphiphilic small molecular mates match hydrophobic drugs to form nanoassemblies based on drug-mate strategy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702058086953620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsnano.9b05974, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=13127, pageEnd=13135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao H, Xu J, Li Y, et al. Nanoscale coordination polymer based nanovaccine for tumor immunotherapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2019, 13: 13127-13135., articleTitle=Nanoscale coordination polymer based nanovaccine for tumor immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702058246337188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/C9BM01192G, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=5270, pageEnd=5282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[90], rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=Biomater Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Xie D, Pan J, et al. A near infrared light-triggered human serum albumin drug delivery system with coordination bonding of indocyanine green and cisplatin for targeting photochemistry therapy against oral squamous cell cancer[J]. Biomater Sci, 2019, 7: 5270-5282., articleTitle=A near infrared light-triggered human serum albumin drug delivery system with coordination bonding of indocyanine green and cisplatin for targeting photochemistry therapy against oral squamous cell cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702058380554931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100919, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=125, issue=null, pageStart=100919, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[91], rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=Prog Mater Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu LH, Zhang XZ. Carrier-free nanomedicines for cancer treatment[J]. Prog Mater Sci, 2022, 125: 100919., articleTitle=Carrier-free nanomedicines for cancer treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702058514772678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/acsami.5b05347, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=19295, pageEnd=19305, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[92], rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Y, Chen F, Pan Y, et al. Nanodrug formed by coassembly of dual anticancer drugs to inhibit cancer cell drug resistance[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 19295-19305., articleTitle=Nanodrug formed by coassembly of dual anticancer drugs to inhibit cancer cell drug resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702058640601810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/C8NR02700E, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=12639, pageEnd=12649, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[93], rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=Nanoscale, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao Y, Liu J, Guo M, et al. Synergistic combination chemotherapy using carrier-free celastrol and doxorubicin nanocrystals for overcoming drug resistance[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10: 12639-12649., articleTitle=Synergistic combination chemotherapy using carrier-free celastrol and doxorubicin nanocrystals for overcoming drug resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702058791596769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/jacs.8b04556, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=140, issue=null, pageStart=8797, pageEnd=8806, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[94], rfOrder=93, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Chem Soc, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang D, Yu C, Xu L, et al. Nucleoside analogue-based supramolecular nanodrugs driven by molecular recognition for synergistic cancer therapy[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 8797-8806., articleTitle=Nucleoside analogue-based supramolecular nanodrugs driven by molecular recognition for synergistic cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702059034866416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.011, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=258, issue=null, pageStart=95, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[95], rfOrder=94, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y, Liu G, Ma J, et al. Chemotherapeutic drug-photothermal agent co-self-assembling nanoparticles for near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-modal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2017, 258: 95-107., articleTitle=Chemotherapeutic drug-photothermal agent co-self-assembling nanoparticles for near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-modal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702059236193019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=2291, pageEnd=2302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[96], rfOrder=95, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioact Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang X, Xiong J, Wang K, et al. Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged carrier-free nanoassembly of FRET photosensitizer pairs with high therapeutic efficiency and high security for programmed cancer synergistic phototherapy[J]. Bioact Mater, 2021, 6: 2291-2302., articleTitle=Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged carrier-free nanoassembly of FRET photosensitizer pairs with high therapeutic efficiency and high security for programmed cancer synergistic phototherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702059403965194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1021/jacs.8b09396, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=140, issue=null, pageStart=14980, pageEnd=14989, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[97], rfOrder=96, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Chem Soc, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang P, Wang J, Chen H, et al. Tumor microenvironment-responsive ultrasmall nanodrug generators with enhanced tumor delivery and penetration[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 14980-14989., articleTitle=Tumor microenvironment-responsive ultrasmall nanodrug generators with enhanced tumor delivery and penetration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702059563348761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.063, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=172, issue=null, pageStart=506, pageEnd=516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[98], rfOrder=97, authorNames=null, journalName=Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang DS, Liu J, Peng TX, et al. Vitamin E-based redox-sensitive salinomycin prodrug-nanosystem with paclitaxel loaded for cancer targeted and combined chemotherapy[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2018, 172: 506-516., articleTitle=Vitamin E-based redox-sensitive salinomycin prodrug-nanosystem with paclitaxel loaded for cancer targeted and combined chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702059760481063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.7150/thno.59065, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=6019, pageEnd=6032, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[99], rfOrder=98, authorNames=null, journalName=Theranostics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S, Wang Z, Kong Z, et al. Photosensitizer-driven nanoassemblies of homodimeric prodrug for self-enhancing activation and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. Theranostics, 2021, 11: 6019-6032., articleTitle=Photosensitizer-driven nanoassemblies of homodimeric prodrug for self-enhancing activation and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702059936641846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.006, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=327, issue=null, pageStart=35, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[100], rfOrder=99, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng Y, Ji Y, Tong J. Triple stimuli-responsive supramolecular nanoassembly with mitochondrial targetability for chemophotothermal therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 327: 35-49., articleTitle=Triple stimuli-responsive supramolecular nanoassembly with mitochondrial targetability for chemophotothermal therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702060096025412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/anie.202000947, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=null, pageStart=7219, pageEnd=7223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[101], rfOrder=100, authorNames=null, journalName=Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ling S, Yang X, Li C, et al. Tumor microenvironment-activated NIR‐II nanotheranostic system for precise diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2020, 59: 7219-7223., articleTitle=Tumor microenvironment-activated NIR‐II nanotheranostic system for precise diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702060238631756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1002/advs.202104793, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=2104793, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[102], rfOrder=101, authorNames=null, journalName=Adv Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z, Yu L, Wang Y, et al. Dynamic adjust of non-radiative and radiative attenuation of AIE molecules reinforces NIR‐II imaging mediated photothermal therapy and immunotherapy[J]. Adv Sci, 2022, 9: 2104793., articleTitle=Dynamic adjust of non-radiative and radiative attenuation of AIE molecules reinforces NIR‐II imaging mediated photothermal therapy and immunotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702060494484309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.062, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=328, issue=null, pageStart=325, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[103], rfOrder=102, authorNames=null, journalName=J Control Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang L, Chen X, Bian Q, et al. Photosensitizer-stabilized self-assembling nanoparticles potentiate chemo/photodynamic efficacy of patient-derived melanoma[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 328: 325-338., articleTitle=Photosensitizer-stabilized self-assembling nanoparticles potentiate chemo/photodynamic efficacy of patient-derived melanoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702060595147617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102816, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=66, issue=null, pageStart=102816, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[104], rfOrder=103, authorNames=null, journalName=J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su Y, Lu H, Li Q, et al. Driving co-precipitation of hydrophobic drugs in water by conjugating alkyl chains[J]. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 66: 102816., articleTitle=Driving co-precipitation of hydrophobic drugs in water by conjugating alkyl chains, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702060729365362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101030, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=null, pageStart=101030, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[105], rfOrder=104, authorNames=null, journalName=Nano Today, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang L, Wan J, Wu H, et al. Quantitative self-assembly of photoactivatable small molecular prodrug cocktails for safe and potent cancer chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. Nano Today, 2021, 36: 101030., articleTitle=Quantitative self-assembly of photoactivatable small molecular prodrug cocktails for safe and potent cancer chemo-photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702060876166014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, doi=10.1039/D1TB02638K, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=880, pageEnd=886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[106], rfOrder=105, authorNames=null, journalName=J Mater Chem B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Pei Q, Yue Y, et al. Binary dimeric prodrug nanoparticles for self-boosted drug release and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2022, 10: 880-886., articleTitle=Binary dimeric prodrug nanoparticles for self-boosted drug release and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702043209756994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, awardId=82161138029, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82161138029), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702043356557650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, awardId=XLYC1907129, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC1907129), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702043570467175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, awardId=2020-YQ-06, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省自然科学基金优秀青年基金计划项目(2020-YQ-06), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702035328660184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035337048794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702035358020315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, companyId=1198702035328660184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702041116799071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zoy0puVaqTxHf0G1hBoQ8A==, figureFileBig=bXuVxAL3zKG/pa6P8Cwitw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702041238433901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Schematic representation of small molecule self-assembled nano-drug delivery system , figureFileSmall=zoy0puVaqTxHf0G1hBoQ8A==, figureFileBig=bXuVxAL3zKG/pa6P8Cwitw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702041381040258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=anDOZ14LI62MCIUXPOJQsA==, figureFileBig=hCYftWfgbGaIG90TEvY3+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702041565589653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The chemical structure of the paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug, which can self-assembled into nano-micelles for cancer chemotherapy. (Adapted from Ref. 35 with permission. Copyright © 2020, Elsevier). PEG: Poly(ethylene glycol) , figureFileSmall=anDOZ14LI62MCIUXPOJQsA==, figureFileBig=hCYftWfgbGaIG90TEvY3+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702041821442226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1/Njklr2Whk59VyHBE9hLg==, figureFileBig=8xt/AifeeCF8N89BA3mOrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042005991618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The thioether/disulfide/trisulfide bond-bridged prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. (Adapted from Ref. 55 with permission. Copyright © 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science). DOX: Doxorubicin; DSPE: 1, 2-Distearoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; GSH: Glutathione , figureFileSmall=1/Njklr2Whk59VyHBE9hLg==, figureFileBig=8xt/AifeeCF8N89BA3mOrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042136015056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dNBWtOQFOBKUC/VIn23unQ==, figureFileBig=fCDRG0EeOwm/jxTD/VGm4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042274427109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Schematic illustration of pyropheophorbide A (PPa) nanoassemblies and efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) under laser irradiation. Core-matched PPa nano-assembly was formed by the modification of PPa-PEG<sub>2K</sub>. (Adapted from Ref. 73 with permission. Copyright © 2021, Elsevier). NPs: Nanoparticles; ROS: Reactive oxygen species , figureFileSmall=dNBWtOQFOBKUC/VIn23unQ==, figureFileBig=fCDRG0EeOwm/jxTD/VGm4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042396061939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bqbqKz10Tl7Gd8jzyhVfPw==, figureFileBig=2+qunwun6bGzGv3tHOaIZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042584805639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Schematic representation of the preparation of erythrocyte camouflaged Ce6@DiR NPs (Ce6@DiR-M NPs) and its programmed cascade-activatable photothermal-photodynamic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with low phototoxicity in normal tissues. (Adapted from Ref. 96 with permission. Copyright © 2021, Elsevier). Ce6: Chlorin e6; DiR: 1, 1′-Dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3′, 3′ tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide; FRET: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer , figureFileSmall=bqbqKz10Tl7Gd8jzyhVfPw==, figureFileBig=2+qunwun6bGzGv3tHOaIZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042723217684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eSHktcD/E4aqijhm9eqj1g==, figureFileBig=a9z9MtK8eSCzPgafaOc2Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702042949710120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624399042637855, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Schematic illustration of triply stimuli-responsive co-assembled nanoassemblies for combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. (Adapted from Ref. 100 with permission. Copyright © 2020, Elsevier). CPT: Camptothecin; BBR: Berberine; ICG: Indocyanine green , figureFileSmall=eSHktcD/E4aqijhm9eqj1g==, figureFileBig=a9z9MtK8eSCzPgafaOc2Bg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
小分子自组装纳米递药系统研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘雨婷 , 王悦全 , 张申武 , 罗聪 *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 基于智能化递药系统的疾病精准治疗研究 2023,58(3): 516-529
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 专题报道: 基于智能化递药系统的疾病精准治疗研究 2023, 58(3): 516-529
小分子自组装纳米递药系统研究进展
全屏
刘雨婷, 王悦全, 张申武, 罗聪*
作者信息
  • 沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016

通讯作者:

*罗聪, Tel: 86-24-23986321, E-mail:
Advance on small molecule self-assembled nano-drug delivery system
Yu-ting LIU, Yue-quan WANG, Shen-wu ZHANG, Cong LUO*
Affiliations
  • Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
出版时间: 2023-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794
文章导航
收藏切换

生物纳米技术在药物递送领域的应用为高端创新制剂的研发注入了新动力, 一系列新型纳米递药系统被相继开发乃至应用于临床。其中, 由小分子药物或前药自组装形成的纳米递药系统因具有制备工艺简便、载药量超高和易于实现工业化生产等优势而备受关注, 已成为纳米递药系统领域的一个重要分支。本文总结了小分子自组装纳米递药系统的最新研究进展。首先, 对小分子前药自组装纳米递药系统进行介绍, 包括两亲性、疏水性和二聚体小分子前药自组装纳米递药系统。其次, 分别介绍小分子化学药物和小分子生物药物自组装纳米递药系统的最新进展。再者, 对小分子杂化共组装纳米递药系统进行总结和分析, 包括小分子纯药共组装纳米递药系统、小分子前药共组装纳米递药系统及小分子前药/小分子纯药共组装纳米递药系统。最后, 讨论了小分子自组装纳米递药系统的合理设计、应用前景和临床挑战, 以期为新一代纳米制剂的设计与构建提供参考。

小分子药物  /  小分子前药  /  自组装  /  杂化纳米组装  /  纳米递药系统

Since the application of biomedical nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery breathes new life into the research and development of high-end innovative agents, a substantial number of novel nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) have been successively developed and applied in the clinical practice. Among them, small molecule pure drug and prodrug-based nanoassemblies have grasped great attention, owing to the facile fabrication, ultrahigh drug loading and feasible industrial production. Herein, we provide an overview on the latest updates of small-molecule nanoassemblies. Firstly, the self-assembled prodrug-based nano-DDSs are introduced, including nanoassemblies formed by amphiphilic monomeric prodrugs, hydrophobic monomeric prodrugs and dimer monomeric prodrugs. Then, the recent advances on nanoassemblies of small molecule pure chemical drugs and biological drugs are presented. Furthermore, carrier-free small-molecule hybrid nanoassemblies of pure drugs and/or prodrugs are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the rational design, application prospects and clinical challenges of small-molecule self-assembled nano-DDSs are discussed and highlighted. This review aims to provide scientific reference for constructing the next generation of nanomedicines.

small-molecule drug  /  small-molecule prodrug  /  self-assembly  /  hybrid nanoassembly  /  nano-drug delivery system
刘雨婷, 王悦全, 张申武, 罗聪. 小分子自组装纳米递药系统研究进展. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (3) : 516 -529 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794
Yu-ting LIU, Yue-quan WANG, Shen-wu ZHANG, Cong LUO. Advance on small molecule self-assembled nano-drug delivery system[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (3) : 516 -529 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794
小分子药物具有成本低、制备容易、使用方便等优势, 是癌症治疗的主流候选药物[1, 2]。然而, 大多数小分子抗肿瘤药物存在溶解度低、体内稳定性差、血液清除快和靶向性差等问题, 严重影响了药物递送效率及最终的抗肿瘤效果[3]。因此, 设计新型“高效低毒”的药物递送系统对于癌症治疗具有重要意义。
生物纳米技术为药物递送领域开辟了新途径[4-12]。数十年来, 已开发了多种多样的纳米药物递送系统, 如聚合物纳米粒[13]、树枝状大分子[14]、脂质体[15]和无机纳米粒[16]等。其中, 一些纳米药物已成功被应用于临床, 如Abraxane (紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒)[17]、Doxil [多柔比星(doxorubicin, DOX) 脂质体][18]和Onivyde (伊立替康脂质体)[19]等。尽管纳米药物取得了重大进展, 但基于载体的纳米药物递送系统仍存在一些缺点, 如载药量低(通常小于10 wt%)[20]、稳定性差[3]和载体的潜在毒性[8]等。此外, 一些纳米药物的制备过程相当复杂, 难以实现规模化生产和临床转化[1]。新开发上市的纳米药物仍以脂质体和聚合物胶束等传统纳米载体为主, 上述固有的缺陷并未得到很好的解决。因此, 开发易于临床转化的新型纳米药物仍具有较大的挑战性。
近年来, 无载体纳米递药系统引起了人们的广泛关注[20-22]。这些纳米药物由小分子自组装而得, 具有以下特点: ①制备简单、载药效率高[1]。其中, 纯药无载体纳米递药系统具有接近100%的载药效率[21]; ②生物安全性高。无载体纳米药物不需任何有机或无机材料作为载体, 仅使用少量的稳定剂, 且诸如二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇[1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) 2000, DSPE-PEG2k] 等聚合物分子已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA) 批准用于静脉给药, 可最大限度减少载体材料相关的不良反应[23, 24]; ③肿瘤靶向蓄积。由于实体肿瘤组织的增强渗透和滞留效应, 纳米粒可被高效富集到肿瘤部位[25]
鉴于上述优点, 由小分子药物或前药自组装而成的无载体纳米药物被广泛开发用于癌症治疗[25-28]。其中, 前药是指在体外无活性, 在体内被代谢或激活后发挥治疗作用的药物化学修饰物[29]。合理设计前药自组装的纳米递药系统可有效解决化疗药物溶解度差、渗透性低及不良反应严重等问题[30]。值得注意的是, 由单个化学药物或生物药物自组装而成的纯药纳米组装体制备过程更简单、药物递送效率更高, 为无载体纳米药物提供了一个更简便的纳米平台[21, 31]。除了前药和纯药驱动的纳米组装体外, 由两种或多种小分子药物或前药自组装而成的杂化纳米组装体也表现出诸多优势, 如载药量高、制备简单、同步递送和可调节的剂量比例等[2, 21]
本文总结了小分子自组装纳米递药系统的最新研究进展(图 1), 主要介绍了小分子前药纳米组装体、小分子纯药纳米组装体及小分子杂化纳米组装体, 并对小分子纳米组装体的优缺点和临床转化前景进行了总结和分析。
尽管前药策略能有效解决药物溶解度小、稳定性差和不良反应严重等问题, 但小分子前药易被快速清除。通过自组装纳米技术构建小分子前药纳米组装体有望解决这一问题[32]。迄今为止, 已有大量小分子前药被报道具有自组装能力[1]。根据化学结构的不同, 可将这些小分子前药分为3种类型: ①两亲性单体前药, 由药物分子与亲水性的修饰链连接而成; ②疏水性单体前药, 由药物分子与疏水性的修饰链连接而成; ③二聚体前药。在二聚体前药中, 根据共价连接的两个药物分子是否相同, 又可分为同源二聚体前药和异源二聚体前药。
AMPs通常采用亲水修饰链(如氨基酸、多肽、乳酸等) 来调控前药分子的亲水-疏水平衡, 进而促进前药分子在水中的自组装。相比于两亲性聚合物前药, AMPs既是被运载的药物又作为药物载体, 因而具有较高的载药量和可忽略的载体相关毒性[33, 34]。例如, Dong等[35]采用短聚乙二醇(short polyethylene glycol, sPEG) 作为修饰链, 苄基硼酸酯作为桥链, 开发了一种新型活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 响应的紫杉醇(paclitaxel, PTX) 前药(PEG-B-PTX)。如图 2所示, PEG-B-PTX前药能自组装形成稳定的纳米胶束(约50 nm)。值得注意的是, 纳米胶束在正常生理环境中不释放PTX, 但在肿瘤部位经ROS氧化后能迅速释放PTX和副产物醌, 有效协同杀死癌细胞。与临床上的PTX制剂和非响应性对照前药纳米组装体相比, PEG-B-PTX纳米胶束表现出更长的循环时间, 更有效的抗肿瘤活性和更低的全身毒性。
除了水溶性聚合物短链外, 亲水性肽链也常被用于合成AMPs[36, 37]。例如, Wang等[31]利用精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸-赖氨酸(RGDK) 多肽和7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, SN38) 合成了可溶性前药(SN38-CRGDK)。然而, 在插入额外的疏水性甘氨酸-缬氨酸-谷氨酰胺-异亮氨酸(GVQI) 序列后, 该小分子前药(SN38-4-CRGDK) 便可自组装形成稳定胶束。有趣的是, 在已得到的SN38-4-CRGDK的连接链中只增加1个亚甲基后, 胶束即聚集形成沉淀。经过反复优化, 最终选用了载药量高达35 wt%的(MOM)SN38(20)-CRGDK, 其自组装后形成直径约110 nm的胶束。与临床使用的伊立替康相比, (MOM)SN38(20)-CRGDK胶束具有更长的血液循环时间、更强的肿瘤靶向能力和更显著的抗肿瘤作用。
HMPs是由疏水修饰链[如维生素E (vitamin E, VE)、香茅醇和各种脂肪酸等] 与疏水药物[如喜树碱(camptothecin, CPT)、PTX和卡巴他赛(cabazitaxel, CTX) 等] 共价连接而得的化合物[38, 39]。相比于两亲性前药纳米组装体, 疏水性前药纳米组装体热力学稳定性稍差, 但却具有超强的动力学稳定性, 即使在4 ℃条件下存放几个月也没有明显的粒径变化[40, 41]。这可能是不饱和链有利于促进前药分子间的π-π堆积作用, 并使其在自组装过程中达到能量最低的状态[1]。例如, Zheng等[42]通过引入不饱和的油酸(oleic acid, OA) 侧链来打乱CPT分子的紧密堆积, 得到了动力学稳定的纳米棒(2OA-CPT/NAs)。研究表明, 与OA-CPT-CUR/NAs相比, 2OA-CPT-CUR/NAs具有更高的动力学稳定性(约40倍)。此外, 2OA-CPT/NAs能在小鼠血浆中稳定存在, 而在肿瘤细胞内快速释放CPT, 显示出较强的体外细胞毒性和体内抗肿瘤效率。相比于CPT, PTX由于具有更强的结构刚性, 往往不利于自组装。引入可自由旋转的脂肪醇碳链能增加前药分子的结构灵活性, 有利于前药在自组装过程中调整到能量最低的稳定状态。例如, 本课题组[43]引入辛醇(C8)、癸醇(C10) 和十二醇(C12) 3种侧链与PTX偶联设计了3种PTX前药。这3种前药均可自组装形成均一稳定的纳米粒。值得注意的是, 笔者发现增加碳链长度有助于提高前药的自组装能力, 从而提高药物递送效率。其中, PTX-十二醇前药纳米组装体显示出优于PTX溶液剂和PTX白蛋白纳米粒的抗肿瘤能力。此外, 还发现氟化烷烃侧链(F8) 比正常的碳链(C8) 更有利于提高PTX前药纳米组装体的稳定性。这可能是由于氟化烷烃的疏水作用力更强且氟-氢键更有利于保持纳米粒的空间构型[44]
然而, 由于过强的疏水性, HMPs在水中易形成沉淀。除了通过引入侧链提高前药分子的灵活性外, 引入特殊连接键(单硫键、单硒键、二硫键和二硒键等) 也可减轻疏水前药的过度聚集, 有利于疏水性前药的自组装。例如, 本课题组[41]分别利用PTX、VE、PTX-VE前药进行自组装, 但这三者均不能在水中形成球形纳米粒。有趣的是, 在PTX-VE之间连接上二硫键后, 其自组装能力大大提高, 在电镜下呈较均匀的球形。这是因为二硫键的键角/二面角可改善结构前药分子的灵活性, 提供空间“结构缺陷”。另外, 还通过进一步比较6种不同连接键的PTX-香茅醇(CIT) 前药(PTX-C-CIT、PTX-CC-CIT、PTX-S-CIT、PTX-SS-CIT、PTX-Se-CIT和PTX-SeSe-CIT), 发现连接键的键角和二面角越接近90°, 提供的“结构缺陷”越大, 越有利于纳米粒的自组装。其中, 二硒键(-SeSe-) 的键角(89.9°/93.3°) 和二面角(106.5°) 最接近90°, 因而其具有最佳的组装稳定性[45]
使用合适的连接键将两个相同或不同的药物分子共价连接在一起, 可合成同源二聚体前药或异源二聚体前药。鉴于二聚体前药本身可作为药物载体且侧链完全被药物分子取代, 二聚体前药纳米组装体具有更高的载药量(通常 > 60 wt%)。然而, 过于“刚性”的前药结构往往会限制二聚体前药的自组装能力, 特别是同源二聚体。在二聚体前药中插入桥连基团(如可旋转的σ键) 或柔性接头(如硫键), 以提供“结构缺陷”, 有助于二聚体分子间形成合适的构象并促进自组装过程[46]。此外, 异二聚体前药纳米组装体还为不同药物间联合治疗开辟了一条新道路[47]
同源二聚体前药是将两种相同的药物通过合适的连接键相连接而形成的哑铃型化合物。二聚化前药策略不仅可显著改善药物的不良理化性质及不良反应, 还可使某些本身不能自组装的药物组装成稳定的纳米结构, 如SN-38[48]、CTX[49]和姜黄素(curcumin, CUR)[50]等。这是由于形成二聚体前药后, 药物分子的疏水性更强且体积更大, 有助于分子间形成紧密的π-π堆积和疏水作用力[51]
近年来, 已有相当数量的同源二聚体前药被开发以形成稳定的纳米组装体, 如Zhou等[49]采用二碳键或二硫键设计了具有超强载药能力(> 86%, w/w) 的CTX同源二聚体前药纳米组装体。此外, 本课题组也合成了一系列同源二聚体前药并证实了连接键的类型和长度会显著影响二聚体前药的自组装能力, 如Zuo等[52]报道了基于二碳键/二硫键/二硒键的DTX同源二聚体前药纳米粒(DCCD NPs、DSSD NPs和DSeSeD NPs)。与二碳键和二硫键相比, 二硒键极大地促进了二聚体前药的自组装过程。这可能是因为二硒键的键角和二面角(89.330°/91.825°) 比二碳键(109.997°/113.544°) 和二硫键(92.080°/93.385°) 更接近90°, 为自组装过程提供了足够的空间灵活性和“结构缺陷”。Li等[53]通过比较3种不同长度二硒键桥连的DTX同源二聚体前药(α-DSeSeD、β-DSeSeD和γ-DSeSeD), 发现γ-二硒键在促进DTX同源二聚体前药的自组装中具有明显优势。
然而, 鉴于同源二聚体前药结构刚性很强, 二硫键提高前药自组装能力的作用依然有限。为此, 本课题组[54, 55]首次在二硫键的基础上进一步探索了三硫键对同源二聚体自组装的影响, 如图 3所示, 制备了单硫键/二硫键/三硫键桥连的DOX同源二聚体前药(DSD、DSSD、DSSSD)。与传统的二硫键和硫醚键相比, 三硫键有效提高了DOX同源二聚体前药的自组装能力, 从而改善了前药纳米组装体的胶体稳定性和体内命运。这与其稳定的空间构象有关(三硫键键角和二面角: 91.908°/92.848°/95.168°、83.59°/97.56°)。此外, 三硫键还显示出超高的谷胱甘肽(GSH) 敏感性。因此, 三硫键桥连的前药纳米组装体对肿瘤细胞表现出高选择性的细胞毒性, 从而显著降低了DOX的全身毒性[55]。这种基于三硫键的高载药量、高组装稳定性和高肿瘤选择性的纳米组装体为构建新型“高效低毒”的纳米药物提供了新的思路。
异源二聚体是由两种不同药物分子通过连接键偶联形成的化合物。由于药物自身结构和理化性质的不同, 异源二聚体前药分子内部通常存在较好的亲水-疏水平衡, 比同源二聚体具有更好的自组装能力[56]。例如, Wang等[57]合成了多种SN-38-紫杉烷类(PTX、DTX或CTX) 异二聚体前药用于联合化疗。由于分子间较强的π-π堆积相互作用, 这些异二聚体前药可在水中自组装成具有超高载药效率(~92 wt%) 的纳米组装体, 在减少毒性辅料使用的同时还实现了两种药物的协同治疗效果。
通过筛选合适的药物和连接键, 还可实现药物与光敏剂(photosensitizer, PS) 的共递送[58]。值得注意的是, 大多数PS在没有激光照射的情况下几乎不发挥细胞毒性, 这大大降低了与化疗药物联合使用时产生额外毒性的风险。例如, 本课题组[59]报道了一种单硫键桥连的PTX和焦脱镁叶绿酸a (pyropheophorbide A, PPa) 异二聚体前药(PPa-S-PTX), 其可在水中自组装成纳米粒, 具有超高共载能力(PTX和PPa载药量分别为44.2 wt%和27.6 wt%) 和自增强的ROS响应性药物释放特性。在激光照射下, PPa产生的ROS和细胞内固有的ROS协同促进PTX释放。此外, ROS引发的纳米组装体解体有效缓解了PPa聚集诱导淬灭(aggregation-caused quenching, ACQ) 效应。体外和体内实验结果表明, PTX介导的化疗联合PPa介导的光动力疗法(photodynamictherapy, PDT) 具有协同抗肿瘤活性。
此外, 多功能的异源二聚体前药吸引了越来越多研究者的注意。Choi等[60]构建了集化疗、PDT和免疫疗法的于一体的多功能前药纳米组装体(LT-NPs)。LT-NPs是由光敏剂维替泊芬(verteporfin, VPF) 和DOX通过可裂解肽(cathepin B-specific cleavable peptide, FRRG) 相连而得, 其载药量可高达70 wt%。在光照下, VPF和DOX能协同诱导有效的免疫原性细胞死亡(immunogenic cell death, ICD), 并引发高损伤相关分子模式(damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs) 信号以促进树突状细胞成熟和细胞毒性T细胞的活化。另外, 与抗细胞程序性死亡-配体1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1) 抗体联合治疗后, 可观察到原发的肿瘤完全消退, 并且通过强烈的肿瘤免疫反应有效抑制了肿瘤转移。
尽管异源二聚体前药纳米组装体具有易于制造、载药量高和体内同步共递送等明显优势, 但仍存在一些限制其临床转化的明显缺陷, 主要是两种药物的剂量摩尔比被固定为1∶1, 这使得很多药物对难以达到最优协同剂量比例, 进而限制了其协同抗肿瘤效果的发挥。因此, 在设计异源二聚体前药纳米组装体时, 通过体外细胞毒实验筛选适宜的药物对是关键, 特别是对于那些用于联合化疗的药物组合。显然, 这样的纳米体系更适合具有不同抗肿瘤机制的两药联用, 如化疗药与光敏剂, 它们受剂量比例的限制程度更低。
尽管前药策略和自组装纳米技术被广泛研究, 但前药策略仍存在一定的局限性, 如侧链和/或代谢中间体的潜在安全问题、复杂的合成反应等[21]。纯药自组装纳米递药系统(pure drug-assembled nanosystems, PDANS) 完全由药物分子自组装而形成, 其因具有制备简单、载药能力强和递送效率高等优势而受到越来越多的关注[61-64]。此外, PDANS完全由具有药理活性的药物组成, 可进一步避免引入非药理活性的侧链, 提高递药效率并降低辅料相关毒性风险[64]。值得注意的是, 除了小分子化学药物, 小分子多肽等一些生物药物也被用于构建PDANS[65]
许多疏水性药物分子由于存在分子间氢键、疏水相互作用和π-π堆积作用, 具有自组装形成稳定纳米结构的潜力[66]。迄今为止, 已有不少化学药物被发现具有自组装能力, 如DOX[67]、CPT[68]和替尼泊苷[69]等。与游离药物或传统纳米药物相比, PDANS极大提高了药物递送效率并降低了不良反应。例如, DOX溶液剂选择性差, 会引起严重心脏毒性甚至诱发心力衰竭[70]。DOX脂质体尽管减少了DOX的心脏毒性, 但药物释放速度慢[71]。为解决上述问题, Yu等[72]构建了pH响应的DOX纯药自组装纳米递药系统(DOX NPs), 其具有超高载药量(90.47 wt%), 且经聚乙二醇化后, 表现出良好的生物相容性和稳定性。此外, DOX NPs具有pH响应性药物释放特性, 在酸性的肿瘤环境中能快速释药以减少对正常组织的不良反应。与DOX溶液剂相比, DOX NPs对肿瘤的抑制作用显著增强。
除了化疗外, 光疗也是临床治疗中常用的手段[73]。作为局部治疗方案, 光疗对正常组织的不良反应明显少于全身化疗。然而, 较差的胶体稳定性、较快的体内清除速率和较低的肿瘤归巢能力仍是阻碍PS临床转化的关键问题[21]。由PS自组装形成的PDANS有望解决这些难题。如图 4所示, 本课题组最近开发了一种PPa驱动的PDANS用于高效的光动力治疗[73]。为了进一步提高组装稳定性, 采用聚乙二醇对纳米粒进行修饰并合成了具有超高载药能力(74.8 wt%) 的PPa纳米组装体(PPa/PPa-PEG2K NPs)。由于PPa和/PPa-PEG2K之间较强的疏水作用力和π-π堆积作用, PPa/PPa-PEG2K NPs表现出较强的胶体稳定性、较长的血液循环时间、较高的肿瘤蓄积和强大的细胞毒性。在660 nm激光照射下, PPa/PPa-PEG2K NPs在4T1荷瘤小鼠中表现出优于PPa溶液剂的抗肿瘤效果[73]。同样地, 本课题组还发现1, 1′-二十八烷基-3, 3, 3′, 3′-四甲基吲哚三羰花青碘化物(1, 1′-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3′, 3′ tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide, DiR) 具有较好的自组装潜力, 且聚乙二醇化的DiR纳米组装体在4T1异种移植细胞的小鼠模型中显示出高效的光热治疗作用[63]
除上述疗法外, 用于免疫疗法的小分子化学药物自组装纳米递药系统也备受关注。如Fan等[64]开发了一种无载体熊果酸(ursolic acid, UA) 纳米药物递送系统用于癌症的免疫治疗。UA分子通过分子间氢键和疏水相互作用自组装形成了粒径约为150 nm的球形纳米粒(UA NPs)。与UA溶液剂相比, UA NPs显著增强了小鼠体内CD4+ T细胞的数量和CD4+/CD8+细胞的浸润, 有效抑制了肿瘤生长。
小肽分子由于具有结构简单、易于获得、免疫原性低和生物相容性好等优点, 在生物医学领域中发挥着重要作用[21, 61], 其自组装主要涉及一些分子间相互作用, 如氢键、疏水作用力、静电相互作用和π-π堆积作用等。关于小肽药物自组装纳米递药系统已被广泛研究。如Singh等[74]使用二肽(Fmoc-L-Trp-L-Phe-OCH3) 通过疏水作用力和π-π堆积作用自组装形成了平均粒径为100~400 nm的纳米球(self-assembled dipeptide nanospheres, SPNS)。作为单组分多功能给药载体, SPNS能解决有效载药、pH响应性释放、生物相容性和抗酶降解稳定性等关键性问题。
小肽纳米组装体可用于肿瘤成像。如Gallo等[75]设计并合成了两种小肽组装体DTPA(Gd)-PEG8-(FY)3和DOTA(Gd)-PEG8-(FY)3, 用于核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 诊断。它们分别由二乙烯三五乙酸(diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, DTPA) 和1, 4, 7, 10-四氮杂环十二烷-N, N, N, N-四乙酸(1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N, N, N-tetraacetic acid, DOTA) 与钆(gadolinium, Gd) 配位, 并进一步通过PEG接头与多芳香肽序列相连。Gd-肽单体能自组装形成纳米纤维水凝胶, 具有非常高的弛豫值(~12 mmol·L-1·s-1) 和极低的体外细胞毒性, 具有作为出色的MRI超分子诊断剂的潜力。
小肽纳米组装体与肿瘤细胞之间的相互作用还能诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。Zhang等[76]构建了一种可转化肽(BP-FFVLK-YCDGFYACYMDV), 其在水中能自组装形成胶束, 但与肿瘤细胞上人表皮生长因子受体2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2) 结合后, 可转变为纳米纤维, 从而抑制HER2二聚化, 导致肿瘤细胞死亡。此外, 一些肽单体可在肿瘤组织中发生体内自组装形成纳米纤维以抑制肿瘤转移。Hu等[77]合成了由双芘(bis-pyrene, BP)、KLVFF肽和Y型RGD-YIGSR基序组成的天然层黏连蛋白(laminin, LN) 模拟肽1 (BP-KLVFFKGGDGRYIGSR) 以充当人工细胞外基质(artificial extracellular matrix, AECM), 从而抑制肿瘤转移。由于BP大π共轭结构和强疏水性, 肽1在水中能自组装形成纳米粒(1-NPs)。被肿瘤细胞摄取后, 1-NPs能与肿瘤细胞上的整合素结合并转化为纳米纤维(1-NFs)。1-NFs能在肿瘤部位稳定存在超过72 h, 对转移性乳腺癌和黑色素瘤的抑制率分别可达82.3%和50.0%。此外, 形成的1-NFs也一定程度上诱导了癌细胞的凋亡, 从而延缓了原发性肿瘤的进展。
由于肿瘤的异质性和耐药性, 单一药物的单一疗法仍不足以应对临床治疗中的巨大挑战[2, 78, 79]。两种或多种药物联合给药可实现肿瘤协同治疗, 大大改善治疗效果[80, 81]。此外, 尽管DOX等药物可直接自组装形成PDANS, 但仍有一些抗癌药物不能独立自组装形成纳米药物[21]。幸运的是, 两种或多种药物分子在特定的分子间作用力驱动下能共组装, 且具有诸多优势, 如制备简单、可同步递送和有效的协同作用等[2, 82-84]。值得注意的是, 共组装纳米体系不仅可由小分子药物组成, 小分子前药也可参与其中[85]。更重要的是, 两种药物之间的剂量比例是可调控的, 以达到更好的协同治疗效果[84, 86]
近年来, 二元纯药共组装策略已被广泛用于构建小分子纯药共组装纳米平台[87]。该平台可实现不同机制、不同类型药物的同步递送及联合应用, 如化疗药物[88]、光敏剂[22, 84]和免疫调节剂[82]等。除二元纯药共组装外, 研究者还尝试将多种小分子诊断或治疗剂整合于同一纳米系统中来构建多功能的杂化共组装纳米药物[89, 90]。其中, 由3种化合物构成的三元杂化纳米组装体已被证明具有更多有益的特性和功能, 尤其在诊疗和多模式治疗方面[89, 90]
二元纯药共组装纳米递药系统指两种不同的药物在不借助任何载体材料的情况下, 在水中共组装形成的均匀纳米粒[2]。通常来讲, 小分子药物共组装依托于分子间特定的作用力, 主要包括以下3种情形: ①两种药物都具有自组装能力, 两者共组装可形成稳定的纳米结构。如10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin, 10-HCPT) 和DOX都具备自组装能力[91]。混合后, 在π-π堆积和疏水相互作用力下能形成稳定的纳米结构。有趣的是, DOX/10-HCPT的摩尔比从1∶2转变到4∶1时, 纳米组装体的形状可从纳米棒变为纳米球[92]; ②两种药物中只有一种具有自组装能力, 但也可共组装形成纳米粒。例如, 可自组装的DOX通过分子间强烈的π-π堆积作用能促进南蛇藤醇(celastrus, CST) 的组装, 且形成的NPs在水溶液的储存稳定性长达7天[93]; ③在某些情况下, 即使这两种药物都没有自组装能力, 它们仍可共组装。如氯法拉滨(clofarabine, CA) 和雷替曲塞(raltitrexed, RT) 是两种物理化学性质截然不同的核苷类似物。CA是水溶性的, 而RT不溶于水溶液。有趣的是, 这两种核苷类似物在水中混合并进行超声处理后能形成两个稳定的氢键以促进共组装, 且两个分子的结合能高达10.46 kcal·mol-1 [94]
此外, 化疗和光疗的联合治疗可能是更有效的抗肿瘤策略。值得注意的是, 光敏剂具有很强的组装能力, 甚至可驱动无法单独自组装的药物共组装。如本课题组曾研究发现, PPa不仅可自组装形成稳定的NPs, 还可驱动依托泊苷(etoposide, VP16) 和硼替佐米(bortezomib, BTZ) 的组装, 用于协同的光化学疗法[84, 86]。此外, 吲哚菁绿(indocyanine green, ICG) 能促进多种药物的组装, 如PTX、表柔比星(epirubicin, EPI)、吉非替尼和塞来昔布等。其中, EPI和ICG的共组装纳米体系具有高载药能力(92 wt%) 和良好的稳定性。在体内, 两者能同时发挥化疗-光热疗法的协同抗肿瘤作用[95]
尽管PDT能减轻全身不良反应, 但患者暴露在光下会造成潜在光毒性。为了改善治疗效果并避免PDT的脱靶光毒性, 本课题组[96]构建了一种红细胞膜包被的二氢卟吩e6 (chlorin e6, Ce6) 和DiR共组装纳米平台(Ce6/DiR-M NPs)。由于荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET) 效应, Ce6被DiR淬灭。只有在DiR被808 nm激光漂白后, Ce6的PDT功能才“开启”, 从而有效降低Ce6的光毒性。在级联激光的照射(808~660 nm) 下, Ce6/DiR-M NPs在三阴性乳腺癌小鼠模型中显示出延长的循环时间、有利的肿瘤积累、深层肿瘤穿透和协同的光热-光动力治疗效果(图 5)。
除了二元共组装外, 研究者还尝试将更多小分子治疗剂引入到同一个纳米系统中来构建多功能纳米平台。与含有单一或两种药物的纳米组装体相比, 三元体系具有更多的特性和功能[2, 89]。其中, 成像引导的药物递送对癌症的精确治疗具有重要意义。Zhao等[22]构建了一种由抗癌药物UA、靶向配体乳糖酸(lactobionic acid, LA) 和光敏剂ICG共组装的多功能纳米组装体(UA-LA-ICG NPs), 用于肿瘤的靶向成像和化学-光学的联合治疗。当UA、LA与ICG的摩尔比为2∶1∶0.5时, UA-LA-ICG能通过静电力、疏水力和π-π堆积作用共组装形成粒径均一的纳米粒。其中, LA可通过增加对过表达去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(asialoglycoprotein receptor, ASGPR) 的人肝细胞癌(HepG2) 细胞的选择性从而增强纳米药物肿瘤的积累。体内近红外荧光成像显示, 共组装的纳米药物通过LA特异性靶向肿瘤, 其循环时间远长于ICG溶液剂。相比于其他对照组, UA-LA-ICG NPs+近红外光(near infrared light, NIR) 辐照处理组表现出最强的肿瘤抑制作用[22]。此外, 研究表明, 含有Fe3+、Mn2+等离子的体系具有显著的磁性, 可用于核磁共振成像MRI。Zhang等[97]将光敏剂卟啉(DVDMS)、Fe3+和DOX按1∶6∶10的摩尔比共组装, 合成了超分子纳米粒(metal-organic nanodrug complexes, MONCs)。在体内, MONCs的T1加权成像信号强度在24 h内逐渐增加至趋于稳定, 表明MONCs在肿瘤部位的有效蓄积。
除成像引导的肿瘤治疗外, 三元共组装纳米体系还可用于肿瘤的多模式治疗。研究表明, 放大氧化应激以打破细胞内氧化还原稳态可加速肿瘤细胞死亡。Zhao等[82]报道了一种氧化应激放大器(Cu-DON) 用于化疗致敏的免疫治疗。在π-π堆积作用和配位作用下, 铜离子(Cu2+)、DOX和NLG919能自组装形成纳米尺寸的Cu-DON, 具有良好的稳定性和生物相容性。Cu2+通过介导GSH的消耗而破坏肿瘤细胞内氧化还原平衡, 进一步“放大”了DOX诱导ICD的能力。此外, NLG919能有效抑制IDO-1并逆转肿瘤免疫抑制微环境, 激活效应T细胞从而增强免疫治疗。这种自递送的氧化应激放大器极大地抑制了肿瘤的生长和转移, 为临床上阻断肿瘤生长和转移的联合疗法提供了启示。
尽管无载体纯药共组装纳米体系的研究取得很大进展, 但小分子缺乏可控的释药能力, 很可能会导致不良反应。将一种纯药设计成可特异性激活的前药形式, 形成单体前药, 再与另一种纯药进行共组装形成杂化纳米组装体, 不仅有助于提高药物的共组装稳定性, 还能显著提高药物递送效率并减少毒副反应。Liang等[98]开发了用于联合化疗的盐霉素前药和PTX的杂化纳米组装体。盐霉素前药是通过二硫键将亲脂性D-α-生育酚琥珀酸酯与SAL共价偶联而得的, 并通过分子间相互作用与PTX共组。其中, 盐霉素是一种有效的肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cell, CSC) 抑制剂, 能有效逆转肿瘤耐药性, 与PTX共同递送可发挥更好的协同抗肿瘤效果。
尽管同源二聚体前药具有超高的载药量, 但大多数哑铃型同源二聚体前药的自组装能力较差。为了解决同源二聚体前药的组装问题, 本课题组[99]开发了PPa驱动的CTX同源二聚体(CTX-S-CTX) 前药纳米组装体(pCTX-S-CTX/PPa NPs), 用于化学-光动力学的联合治疗。有趣的是, CTX-S-CTX自身并不能自组装形成纳米粒, 但加入PPa共组后, pCTX-S-CTX/PPa在多种作用力存在下形成了稳定的纳米结构。在内源性ROS的刺激下, 纳米结构被破坏, 显著减轻了PPa的ACQ效应。与此同时, PPa在光照下产生的ROS进一步促进了前药活化。在4T1异种移植小鼠模型中, pCTX-S-CTX/PPa NPs显示出显著的协同抗肿瘤活性, 为化学-光动力学治疗提供新思路。
此外, 异源二聚体前药也可被开发用于共组装纳米体系。Cheng等[100]将CPT和小檗碱(berberine, BBR) 的异二聚体前药(CPT-SS-BBR), 与光敏剂ICG进行共组形成纳米组装体(CPT-SS-BBR/ICG NPs)。由于荷正电的CPT-SS-BBR与荷负电的ICG之间强烈的静电相互作用, CPT-SS-BBR/ICG NPs显示出优异的稳定性, 在含10%胎牛血清的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS) 中能稳定存在长达20天。CPT-SS-BBR/ICG NPs具有脂质阳离子的特性, 能特异性靶向肿瘤细胞的线粒体, 并在光照(808 nm)、酸性条件和高浓度的GSH的三重刺激下迅速释放出药物, 加速肿瘤细胞的凋亡(图 6)。
除以上的两种组合外, 还可将两种前药共组形成小分子前药共组装纳米递药系统[101-103]。Su等[104]以CPT、CUR为模型药物, 研究了3种不同的共组装策略制备的NPs的组装能力, 包括: ①两种纯药共组装; ②纯药与前药共组装; ③两种前药共组装。由于CPT和CUR的分子间相互作用较弱, 未经修饰的CPT和CUR几乎不能形成稳定的纳米粒。尽管将CPT设计成前药提高两者之间的组装稳定性, 但未修饰的CUR依然会在空白PBS和血浆中突然释放。因此, 仅增加一种药物的疏水性并不能显著增强共组装对的共载能力。相反, 同时将CUR和CPT设计成疏水性前药可显著提高药物的共组装能力, 从而形成稳定的杂化CPT/CUR-NAs。因此, 通过共价连接烷基链以同时增强共组装药物的疏水性可能是构建药物共递送系统的更有效策略。
近年来, 两种单体前药的杂化纳米组装体已被开发用于联合肿瘤治疗。其中, 级联的化学-化学光动力治疗是较常见的治疗手段。Huang等[105]提出了一种光激活的前药鸡尾酒(photoactivatable self-assembling prodrug cocktail, PSPC) 纳米组装体。PSPC纳米组装体由硫缩酮(thioketal, TK) 键桥连的α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid, LNA)-CTX前药(LTK-CTX) 和LNA偶联的Ce6前药(L-Ce6) 组成。在NIR照射下, L-Ce6产生ROS, 不仅通过快速使TK键断裂以激活CTX的细胞毒性作用, 而且还与PDT协同作用以实现协同的癌症治疗。PSPC纳米组装体在动物身上表现出相当低的全身毒性, 并能有效根除多个黑色素瘤异种移植小鼠模型中的肿瘤。类似地, Zhang等[106]采用硫缩铜键分别桥连PTX和光敏剂卟啉(TPP), 制得两个同源二聚体前药(TPP2-TK/PTX2-TK) 并通过共组装技术得到杂化纳米组装体(Co-PT NPs)。在638 nm激光照射下, Co-PT NPs产生的ROS用于光动力治疗的同时, 还可触发化疗药物PTX的按需释放, 从而实现自增强的化疗-光动力协同治疗。
纳米药物已成为创新制剂研发的重要方向, 具有良好的临床应用前景。然而, 尽管应用于临床的传统纳米药物已在安全性等方面展现出明显优势, 但其多数在优效性方面存在较大短板, 因此亟需开发新型纳米药物, 以更好地服务临床。小分子自组装纳米递药系统已逐渐成为纳米药物研发的重要分支, 其所具备的制备工艺简单、工业化生产容易、载体材料依赖性低和递药效率高等优点恰是解决限制纳米药物临床转化的关键所在, 极具临床转化潜力。在未来的研究中, 合理设计具有自组装功能的前药分子、寻找具有稳定自组装能力的药物分子及筛选具有共组装潜力的药物对是小分子自组装纳米递药系统的研究核心。
作者贡献: 刘雨婷和王悦全负责起草并撰写文章; 张申武负责总结和归纳文献; 罗聪负责论文选题、指导、审阅文章和提供行政、技术支持。
利益冲突: 论文不涉及相关知识产权, 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82161138029)
  • 辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC1907129)
  • 辽宁省自然科学基金优秀青年基金计划项目(2020-YQ-06)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Li G, Sun B, Li Y, et al. Small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies: an emerging nanoplatform for anticancer drug delivery[J]. Small, 2021, 17: 2101460.
[2]
Chen Y, Zhao T, Bai M, et al. Emerging small molecule-engineered hybrid nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. Chem Eng J, 2022, 435: 135160.
[3]
Yu W, Shevtsov M, Chen X, et al. Advances in aggregatable nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2020, 31: 1366-1374.
[4]
Yan WL, Lang TQ, Yin Q, et al. Progress on active tumor-targeting nano drug delivery systems for improving tumor immunotherapy[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 46-63. http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1172
[5]
Yang F, Zhao Z, Sun B, et al. Nanotherapeutics for antimetastatic treatment[J]. Trends Cancer, 2020, 6: 645-659.
[6]
Chen KD, Feng D, Zhou H, et al. The development of folate modified squalene-chidamide prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles to enhance the drug delivery in pancreatic cancer microenvironment[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 3261-3267. http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1145
[7]
Chen Q, Xu S, Liu S, et al. Emerging nanomedicines of paclitaxel for cancer treatment[J]. J Control Release, 2022, 342: 280-294.
[8]
Wang Y, Li S, Wang X, et al. Smart transformable nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 271: 120737.
[9]
Han T, Chen Y, Qu D. Research progress of natural polysaccharides and their nano-sized drug delivery systems in regulating tumor microenvironment[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2021, 56: 3212-3223. http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0396
[10]
Xue X, Qu H, Li Y. Stimuli‐responsive crosslinked nanomedicine for cancer treatment[J]. Exploration, 2022. DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20210134.
[11]
Wu Y, Li J, Zhong X, et al. A pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem with chlorin e6 and triptolide co-delivery for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17: 206-218.
[12]
Huang H, Dong C, Chang M, et al. Mitochondria‐specific nanocatalysts for chemotherapy‐augmented sequential chemoreactive tumor therapy[J]. Exploration, 2021, 1: 50-60.
[13]
Liu KF, Liu YX, Li CX, et al. Self-assembled pH and redox dual responsive carboxymethylcellulose-based polymeric nanoparticles for efficient anticancer drug codelivery[J]. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2018, 4: 4200-4207.
[14]
Kheraldine H, Rachid O, Habib AM, et al. Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: a focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2021, 178: 113908.
[15]
Liu Y, Castro Bravo KM, Liu J. Targeted liposomal drug delivery: a nanoscience and biophysical perspective[J]. Nanoscale Horiz, 2021, 6: 78-94.
[16]
Wang X, Zhong X, Li J, et al. Inorganic nanomaterials with rapid clearance for biomedical applications[J]. Chem Soc Rev, 2021, 50: 8669-8742.
[17]
Yuan H, Guo H, Luan X, et al. Albumin nanoparticle of paclitaxel (Abraxane) decreases while Taxol increases breast cancer stem cells in treatment of triple negative breast cancer[J]. Mol Pharm, 2020, 17: 2275-2286.
[18]
Haftcheshmeh SM, Jaafari MR, Mashreghi M, et al. Liposomal doxorubicin targeting mitochondria: a novel formulation to enhance anti-tumor effects of Doxil® in vitro and in vivo[J]. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 62: 102351.
[19]
Milano G, Innocenti F, Minami H. Liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde): exemplifying the benefits of nanotherapeutic drugs[J]. Cancer Sci, 2022, 113: 2224.
[20]
Karaosmanoglu S, Zhou M, Shi B, et al. Carrier-free nanodrugs for safe and effective cancer treatment[J]. J Control Release, 2021, 329: 805-832.
[21]
Zhang X, Li N, Zhang S, et al. Emerging carrier‐free nanosystems based on molecular self‐assembly of pure drugs for cancer therapy[J]. Med Res Rev, 2020, 40: 1754-1775.
[22]
Zhao R, Zheng G, Fan L, et al. Carrier-free nanodrug by co-assembly of chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer for cancer imaging and chemo-photo combination therapy[J]. Acta Biomater, 2018, 70: 197-210.
[23]
Amirsaadat S, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Alijani S, et al. Metformin and silibinin co-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for effective combination therapy against human breast cancer cells[J]. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 61: 102107.
[24]
Li Y, Li L, Jin Q, et al. Impact of the amount of PEG on prodrug nanoassemblies for efficient cancer therapy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17: 241-252.
[25]
Izci M, Maksoudian C, Manshian BB, et al. The use of alternative strategies for enhanced nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors[J]. Chem Rev, 2021, 121: 1746-1803.
[26]
Martin JD, Cabral H, Stylianopoulos T, et al. Improving cancer immunotherapy using nanomedicines: progress, opportunities and challenges[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2020, 17: 251-266.
[27]
Dong S, Ma S, Chen H, et al. Nucleobase-crosslinked poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles as paclitaxel carriers with enhanced stability and ultra-high drug loading capacity for breast cancer therapy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.006.
[28]
He M, Yu L, Yang Y, et al. Delivery of triptolide with reduction-sensitive polymer nanoparticles for liver cancer therapy on patient-derived xenografts models[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2020, 31: 3178-3182.
[29]
Wang Y, Xie H, Ying K, et al. Tuning the efficacy of esterase-activatable prodrug nanoparticles for the treatment of colorectal malignancies[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 270: 120705.
[30]
Lu B, Xiao F, Wang Z, et al. Redox-sensitive hyaluronic acid polymer prodrug nanoparticles for enhancing intracellular drug self-delivery and targeted cancer therapy[J]. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020, 6: 4106-4115.
[31]
Wang J, Hu S, Mao W, et al. Assemblies of peptide-cytotoxin conjugates for tumor-homing chemotherapy[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1807446.
[32]
Liu R, Luo C, Pang Z, et al. Advances of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for disease diagnosis and treatment[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.032.
[33]
Ran W, Liu X, Chang L, et al. Self-assembling mertansine prodrug improves tolerability and efficacy of chemotherapy against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 318: 234-245.
[34]
Lu L, Li B, Lin C, et al. Redox-responsive amphiphilic camptothecin prodrug nanoparticles for targeted liver tumor therapy[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2020, 8: 3918-3928.
[35]
Dong C, Zhou Q, Xiang J, et al. Self-assembly of oxidation-responsive polyethylene glycol-paclitaxel prodrug for cancer chemotherapy[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 321: 529-539.
[36]
Xiang J, Liu X, Yuan G, et al. Nanomedicine from amphiphilized prodrugs: concept and clinical translation[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2021, 179: 114027.
[37]
Ma Y, He P, Tian X, et al. Mussel-derived, cancer-targeting peptide as pH-sensitive prodrug nanocarrier[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 23948-23956.
[38]
Sun L, Zhao P, Chen M, et al. Taxanes prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2022, 348: 672-691.
[39]
Koseki Y, Ikuta Y, Cong L, et al. Influence of hydrolysis susceptibility and hydrophobicity of SN-38 nano-prodrugs on their anticancer activity[J]. Bull Chem Soc Japan, 2019, 92: 1305-1313.
[40]
Li G, Sun B, Zheng S, et al. Zwitterion‐driven shape program of prodrug nanoassemblies with high stability, high tumor accumulation, and high antitumor activity[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2021, 10: 2101407.
[41]
Wang Y, Liu D, Zheng Q, et al. Disulfide bond bridge insertion turns hydrophobic anticancer prodrugs into self-assembled nanomedicines[J]. Nano Lett, 2014, 14: 5577-5583.
[42]
Zheng Y, Ying X, Su Y, et al. Kinetically-stable small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer chemotherapy[J]. Int J Pharm, 2021, 597: 120369.
[43]
Wang X, Li L, Wang D, et al. Minor change in the length of carbon chain has a great influence on the antitumor effect of paclitaxel-fatty alcohol prodrug nanoassemblies: small roles, big impacts[J]. Nano Res, 2022, 15: 3367-3375.
[44]
Wang X, Yang B, Li L, et al. Probing the fluorination effect on the self-assembly characteristics, in vivo fate and antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel prodrug nanoassemblies[J]. Theranostics, 2021, 11: 7896-7910.
[45]
Sun B, Luo C, Zhang X, et al. Probing the impact of sulfur/selenium/carbon linkages on prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer therapy[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 3211.
[46]
Li S, Shan X, Wang Y, et al. Dimeric prodrug-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 326: 510-522.
[47]
Liu X, Li Y, Wang K, et al. GSH-responsive nanoprodrug to inhibit glycolysis and alleviate immunosuppression for cancer therapy[J]. Nano Lett, 2021, 21: 7862-7869.
[48]
Yang X, Hu C, Tong F, et al. Tumor microenvironment‐responsive dual drug dimer‐loaded pegylated bilirubin nanoparticles for improved drug delivery and enhanced immune‐chemotherapy of breast cancer[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1901896.
[49]
Zhou L, Xie H, Chen X, et al. Dimerization-induced self-assembly of a redox-responsive prodrug into nanoparticles for improved therapeutic index[J]. Acta Biomater, 2020, 113: 464-477.
[50]
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, et al. Glutathione-responsive self-delivery nanoparticles assembled by curcumin dimer for enhanced intracellular drug delivery[J]. Int J Pharm, 2018, 549: 230-238.
[51]
Zhuang WR, Wang Y, Cui PF, et al. Applications of π-π stacking interactions in the design of drug-delivery systems[J]. J Control Release, 2019, 294: 311-326.
[52]
Zuo S, Sun B, Yang Y, et al. Probing the superiority of diselenium bond on docetaxel dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies: small roles taking big responsibilities[J]. Small, 2020, 16: 2005039.
[53]
Li L, Zuo S, Dong F, et al. Small changes in the length of diselenide bond-containing linkages exert great influences on the antitumor activity of docetaxel homodimeric prodrug nanoassemblies[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2021, 16: 337-349.
[54]
Yang Y, Zuo S, Zhang J, et al. Prodrug nanoassemblies bridged by mono-/di-/tri-sulfide bonds: exploration is for going further[J]. Nano Today, 2022, 44: 101480.
[55]
Yang Y, Sun B, Zuo S, et al. Trisulfide bond-mediated doxorubicin dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies with high drug loading, high self-assembly stability, and high tumor selectivity[J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6: eabc1725.
[56]
Ren G, Duan D, Wang G, et al. Construction of reduction-sensitive heterodimer prodrugs of doxorubicin and dihydroartemisinin self-assembled nanoparticles with antitumor activity[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112614.
[57]
Wang H, Chen J, Xu C, et al. Cancer Nanomedicines stabilized by π-π stacking between heterodimeric prodrugs enable exceptionally high drug loading capacity and safer delivery of drug combinations[J]. Theranostics, 2017, 7: 3638-3652.
[58]
Jiang M, Mu J, Jacobson O, et al. Reactive oxygen species activatable heterodimeric prodrug as tumor-selective nanothera-nostics[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14: 16875-16886.
[59]
Luo C, Sun B, Wang C, et al. Self-facilitated ROS-responsive nanoassembly of heterotypic dimer for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2019, 302: 79-89.
[60]
Choi J, Shim MK, Yang S, et al. Visible-light-triggered prodrug nanoparticles combine chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy to potentiate checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2021, 15: 12086-12098.
[61]
Fu S, Li G, Zang W, et al. Pure drug nano-assemblies: a facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2022, 12: 92-106.
[62]
Cheng Z, Cheng Y, Chen Q, et al. Self-assembly of pentapeptides into morphology-adaptable nanomedicines for enhanced combinatorial chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. Nano Today, 2020, 33: 100878.
[63]
Zhang X, Sun B, Zuo S, et al. Self-assembly of a pure photosensitizer as a versatile theragnostic nanoplatform for imaging-guided antitumor photothermal therapy[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10: 30155-30162.
[64]
Fan L, Zhang B, Xu A, et al. Carrier-free, pure nanodrug formed by the self-assembly of an anticancer drug for cancer immune therapy[J]. Mol Pharm, 2018, 15: 2466-2478.
[65]
Yang L, Gan S, Guo Q, et al. Stimuli-controlled peptide self-assembly with secondary structure transitions and its application in drug release[J]. Mater Chem Front, 2021, 5: 4664-4671.
[66]
Shamay Y, Shah J, Işık M, et al. Quantitative self-assembly prediction yields targeted nanomedicines[J]. Nat Mater, 2018, 17: 361-368.
[67]
Zhai Y, Wang J, Qiu L. Drug-driven self-assembly of pH-sensitive nano-vesicles with high loading capacity and anti-tumor efficacy[J]. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9: 3348-3361.
[68]
Qin SY, Cheng YJ, Jiang ZW, et al. Morphology control of self-deliverable nanodrug with enhanced anticancer efficiency[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2018, 165: 345-354.
[69]
Zhang J, Li Y, An FF, et al. Preparation and size control of sub-100 nm pure nanodrugs[J]. Nano Lett, 2015, 15: 313-318.
[70]
Dolinsky VW. The role of sirtuins in mitochondrial function and doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction[J]. Biol Chem, 2017, 398: 955-974.
[71]
Bun S, Yunokawa M, Tamaki Y, et al. Symptom management: the utility of regional cooling for hand-foot syndrome induced by PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2018, 26: 2161-2166.
[72]
Yu C, Zhou M, Zhang X, et al. Smart doxorubicin nanoparticles with high drug payload for enhanced chemotherapy against drug resistance and cancer diagnosis[J]. Nanoscale, 2015, 7: 5683-5690.
[73]
Zhang S, Wang Y, Kong Z, et al. Pure photosensitizer-driven nanoassembly with core-matched PEGylation for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy[J]. Acta Pharma Sin B, 2021, 11: 3636-3647.
[74]
Singh P, Manhas P, Sharma R, et al. Self-assembled dipeptide nanospheres as single component based delivery vehicle for ampicillin and doxorubicin[J]. J Mol Liquids, 2020, 312: 113420.
[75]
Gallo E, Diaferia C, Di Gregorio E, et al. Peptide-based soft hydrogels modified with gadolinium complexes as MRI contrast agents[J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2020, 13: 19.
[76]
Zhang L, Jing D, Jiang N, et al. Transformable peptide nanoparticles arrest HER2 signalling and cause cancer cell death in vivo[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2020, 15: 145-153.
[77]
Hu XX, He PP, Qi GB, et al. Transformable nanomaterials as an artificial extracellular matrix for inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11: 4086-4096.
[78]
Feng L, Yang L, Li L, et al. Programmed albumin nanoparticles regulate immunosuppressive pivot to potentiate checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nano Res, 2022, 15: 593-602.
[79]
Zhou M, Han S, Aras O, et al. Recent advances in paclitaxel-based self-delivery nanomedicine for cancer therapy[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2021, 28: 6358-6374.
[80]
Qin SY, Cheng YJ, Lei Q, et al. Combinational strategy for high-performance cancer chemotherapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2018, 171: 178-197.
[81]
Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Ma Q, et al. Novel carrier-free nanoparticles composed of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and chlorin e6: self-assembly mechanism investigation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2020, 188: 110722.
[82]
Zhao L, Zheng R, Liu L, et al. Self-delivery oxidative stress amplifier for chemotherapy sensitized immunotherapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 275: 120970.
[83]
Wang C, Yu H, Yang X, et al. Elaborately engineering of a dual-drug co-assembled nanomedicine for boosting immunogenic cell death and enhancing triple negative breast cancer treatment[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.02.004.
[84]
Li S, Yang F, Sun X, et al. Precisely engineering a carrier-free hybrid nanoassembly for multimodal DNA damage-augmented photodynamic therapy[J]. Chem Eng J, 2021, 426: 130838.
[85]
Li C, Wang Q, Li D, et al. Molecular recognition-driven supramolecular nanoassembly of a hydrophobic uracil prodrug and hydrophilic cytarabine for precise combination treatment of solid and non-solid tumors[J]. Nanoscale Horiz, 2022, 7: 235-245.
[86]
Yang F, Ji Q, Liao R, et al. Precisely engineering a dual-drug cooperative nanoassembly for proteasome inhibition-potentiated photodynamic therapy[J]. Chin Chem Lett, 2022, 33: 1927-1932.
[87]
Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang H, et al. Elaborately engineering a self-indicating dual-drug nanoassembly for site-specific photothermal-potentiated thrombus penetration and thrombolysis[J]. Adv Sci, 2022, 9: 2104264.
[88]
Han L, Liang S, Mu W, et al. Amphiphilic small molecular mates match hydrophobic drugs to form nanoassemblies based on drug-mate strategy[J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17: 129-138.
[89]
Zhao H, Xu J, Li Y, et al. Nanoscale coordination polymer based nanovaccine for tumor immunotherapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2019, 13: 13127-13135.
[90]
Wang Y, Xie D, Pan J, et al. A near infrared light-triggered human serum albumin drug delivery system with coordination bonding of indocyanine green and cisplatin for targeting photochemistry therapy against oral squamous cell cancer[J]. Biomater Sci, 2019, 7: 5270-5282.
[91]
Liu LH, Zhang XZ. Carrier-free nanomedicines for cancer treatment[J]. Prog Mater Sci, 2022, 125: 100919.
[92]
Zhao Y, Chen F, Pan Y, et al. Nanodrug formed by coassembly of dual anticancer drugs to inhibit cancer cell drug resistance[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7: 19295-19305.
[93]
Xiao Y, Liu J, Guo M, et al. Synergistic combination chemotherapy using carrier-free celastrol and doxorubicin nanocrystals for overcoming drug resistance[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10: 12639-12649.
[94]
Wang D, Yu C, Xu L, et al. Nucleoside analogue-based supramolecular nanodrugs driven by molecular recognition for synergistic cancer therapy[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 8797-8806.
[95]
Li Y, Liu G, Ma J, et al. Chemotherapeutic drug-photothermal agent co-self-assembling nanoparticles for near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-modal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2017, 258: 95-107.
[96]
Zhang X, Xiong J, Wang K, et al. Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged carrier-free nanoassembly of FRET photosensitizer pairs with high therapeutic efficiency and high security for programmed cancer synergistic phototherapy[J]. Bioact Mater, 2021, 6: 2291-2302.
[97]
Zhang P, Wang J, Chen H, et al. Tumor microenvironment-responsive ultrasmall nanodrug generators with enhanced tumor delivery and penetration[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 14980-14989.
[98]
Liang DS, Liu J, Peng TX, et al. Vitamin E-based redox-sensitive salinomycin prodrug-nanosystem with paclitaxel loaded for cancer targeted and combined chemotherapy[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2018, 172: 506-516.
[99]
Zhang S, Wang Z, Kong Z, et al. Photosensitizer-driven nanoassemblies of homodimeric prodrug for self-enhancing activation and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. Theranostics, 2021, 11: 6019-6032.
[100]
Cheng Y, Ji Y, Tong J. Triple stimuli-responsive supramolecular nanoassembly with mitochondrial targetability for chemophotothermal therapy[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 327: 35-49.
[101]
Ling S, Yang X, Li C, et al. Tumor microenvironment-activated NIR‐II nanotheranostic system for precise diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2020, 59: 7219-7223.
[102]
Wang Z, Yu L, Wang Y, et al. Dynamic adjust of non-radiative and radiative attenuation of AIE molecules reinforces NIR‐II imaging mediated photothermal therapy and immunotherapy[J]. Adv Sci, 2022, 9: 2104793.
[103]
Huang L, Chen X, Bian Q, et al. Photosensitizer-stabilized self-assembling nanoparticles potentiate chemo/photodynamic efficacy of patient-derived melanoma[J]. J Control Release, 2020, 328: 325-338.
[104]
Su Y, Lu H, Li Q, et al. Driving co-precipitation of hydrophobic drugs in water by conjugating alkyl chains[J]. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 66: 102816.
[105]
Huang L, Wan J, Wu H, et al. Quantitative self-assembly of photoactivatable small molecular prodrug cocktails for safe and potent cancer chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. Nano Today, 2021, 36: 101030.
[106]
Zhang Y, Pei Q, Yue Y, et al. Binary dimeric prodrug nanoparticles for self-boosted drug release and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy[J]. J Mater Chem B, 2022, 10: 880-886.
2023年第58卷第3期
PDF下载
280
126
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794
  • 接收时间:2022-06-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-03-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
  • 修回日期:2022-07-28
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82161138029)
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC1907129)
辽宁省自然科学基金优秀青年基金计划项目(2020-YQ-06)
作者信息
    沈阳药科大学无涯创新学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016

通讯作者:

*罗聪, Tel: 86-24-23986321, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0794
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏