Article(id=1198624303114712035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0755, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1655740800000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-21, revisedDate=1657728000000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703903225, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1676131200000, pubDateStr=2023-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703903225, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703903225, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703903225, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198624302414263267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='2', pageStart='235', pageEnd='468', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703903058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763704055811, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198624943157116946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198624943161311251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198624302414263267, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=235, endPage=245, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198624303362175973, articleId=1198624303114712035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The research of liver-targeted drugs based on asialoglycoprotein receptor, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is highly expressed on the surface of parenchymal liver cells. It can specifically recognize and bind to desialylated glycoproteins which contain terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues, and endocytosed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, transported and then degraded in lysosome. Based on this character, ASGPR mediated liver-targeted drug delivery is likely to increase drug distribution, reduce potential side effects and lower dose. This article reviewed the expression, structure, ligand binding and endocytosis of ASGPR, and summarized the design and optimization of ASGPR ligands and the release strategies. Finally, we put forward some expects about the clinical drug development for ASGPR.
, correspAuthors=You-hong HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guo-zhang LONG, Zhuo ZHANG, Wu-hong CHEN, You-hong HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198624307690696813, articleId=1198624303114712035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于去唾液酸糖蛋白受体的肝靶向药物的研究, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(asialoglycoprotein receptor, ASGPR) 是一种在肝实质细胞表面高度表达的受体, 它可以特异性识别和结合末端带有半乳糖或N-乙酰基半乳糖胺残基的分子, 通过网格蛋白介导其内吞并转运至溶酶体中降解。基于这一特性, ASGPR介导的肝靶向药物递送会增加药物在肝脏中的分布、减少药物潜在不良反应并降低给药剂量。本文全面综述了ASGPR的表达、组成与结构、结合及内吞, 系统总结了基于ASGPR的配体设计、优化及其释放策略, 并展望该受体在药物开发中的应用。
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N-Acetylgalactosamine-functionalized dendrimers as hepatic cancer cell-targeted carriers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702066668503621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, awardId=81872725, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(81872725), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1198702066840470103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, awardId=TM2021H012, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市市级科技重大专项“糖类药物研究关键技术发展及原创品种研发”(TM2021H012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702058657383383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702058665771993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, companyId=1198702058657383383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702058678354907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, companyId=1198702058657383383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国科学院上海药物研究所, 上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702063820570957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tJb2Z19qTr7LN3FOyG3oRQ==, figureFileBig=3AHGBThIyPOr4CDOZa99XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702064013508962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
(A) Schematic representation of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) composed of two H1 and one H2 subunits, each one contains four domains. The geometric relationship of ASGPR binding sites is indicated. Adapted with permission from Ref. 10. Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. (B) Ribbon diagram of H1-CRD. The N and C terminus are on the bottom of the image. The two α-helices are shown in magenta, the β-strands in blue, the calcium ions in green and the three disulphide bridges in yellow. Adapted with permission from Ref. 27. Copyright © 2000 Academic Press. All rights reserved. (C) GalNAc binds to the CRD of QPDWGH. Coordination, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions are represented by blue, green and red dashed lines, respectively. Apolar face of GalNAc is depicted in orange. Adapted with permission from Ref. 10. Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society , figureFileSmall=tJb2Z19qTr7LN3FOyG3oRQ==, figureFileBig=3AHGBThIyPOr4CDOZa99XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702064328081782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7urnSi6qBl48D2y0Wg7t/w==, figureFileBig=0RQAM5YRnlpQjDsPt+31WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702064521019778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Delivery of ASGPR ligands into hepatocyte. The Gal/GalNAc conjugates (ligands) are specifically recognized by ASGPR abundantly expressed on the cell surface. The receptor-ligand complexes are then internalized and transported to the lysosome. ASGPR dissociate from the complexes in the acidic environment, the conjugates are degraded by various enzymes in lysosome , figureFileSmall=7urnSi6qBl48D2y0Wg7t/w==, figureFileBig=0RQAM5YRnlpQjDsPt+31WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702064697180560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5mcOqIfr+HvQZxJuHVkTWA==, figureFileBig=sWTvt9nijuWvqFuymzMhOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702064839786909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
(A) Structural diagram of glycoconjugates. (B) Structures of synthetic oligosaccharides. (C) Structure diagrams of trivalent ligand and geometry of the sugar moieties. Adapted with permission from Ref. 10. Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society , figureFileSmall=5mcOqIfr+HvQZxJuHVkTWA==, figureFileBig=sWTvt9nijuWvqFuymzMhOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702064944644519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0SOg0YMXniZmWpvs7B5XEw==, figureFileBig=1P1iLcv+xx/DgOtGkvLthA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702065070473645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
(A) The catalytic mechanisms of these two classes of β-N acetylglucosaminidase[45]. (B) Cleavage of DNA by deoxyribonuclease Ⅱ (DNase Ⅱ) , figureFileSmall=0SOg0YMXniZmWpvs7B5XEw==, figureFileBig=1P1iLcv+xx/DgOtGkvLthA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702065242440124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tD0uPrOsFEsUKy+rdpP6tg==, figureFileBig=aezhIJpiGadaI9J6cSb0/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702065380852166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
(A) The structures of three approved GalNAc-siRNA drugs, AZD8233 and 5-FdU-GalNAc conjugates. (B) The structures of W-105, W3-8 and W-4. (C) The structures of L2 and its GalNAc conjugate. (D) The structure of paclitaxel-GalNAc conjugate , figureFileSmall=tD0uPrOsFEsUKy+rdpP6tg==, figureFileBig=aezhIJpiGadaI9J6cSb0/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702065557012949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2O/28ctwgsZzfLRVZaC9hg==, figureFileBig=QU4h0MBbgsVJAKKOlp9fiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702065720590824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
(A) The structure of Ctx-GalNAc and PIP-GalNAc LYTACs. (B) The structure of DNP-GalNAc and MIF-GalNAc LYTACs , figureFileSmall=2O/28ctwgsZzfLRVZaC9hg==, figureFileBig=QU4h0MBbgsVJAKKOlp9fiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702065863197172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | ASO-GalNAc conjugate | n | L/Å | ASGPR Ki/nmol·L-1 |
| 1 |  | | 20.7 | 8.0 |
| 2 |  | 1 | 12.1 | 6.8 |
| 3 | 3 | 14.5 | 7.0 |
| 4 | 5 | 17.0 | 6.1 |
| 5 | 11 | 24.5 | 23.0 |
| 6 |  | 1 | 18.4 | 10.0 |
| 7 | 2 | 20.9 | 10.3 |
| 8 |  | 1 | 9.8 | 26.0 |
| 9 | 3 | 12.2 | 8.4 |
| 10 | 5 | 14.7 | 6.2 |
| 11 |  | | 8.8, 14.6 | 10.0 |
| 12 |  | | 11.8, 14.1 | 6.3 |
| 13 |  | 1 | 8.6 | 12.0 |
| 14 | 7 | 17.3 | 40.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198702066030969345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
ASGPR binding affinities of ASO-GalNAc conjugates with different linkers. The length of the linker (L) was estimated by ChemBio3D 14.0 software
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | ASO-GalNAc conjugate | n | L/Å | ASGPR Ki/nmol·L-1 |
| 1 |  | | 20.7 | 8.0 |
| 2 |  | 1 | 12.1 | 6.8 |
| 3 | 3 | 14.5 | 7.0 |
| 4 | 5 | 17.0 | 6.1 |
| 5 | 11 | 24.5 | 23.0 |
| 6 |  | 1 | 18.4 | 10.0 |
| 7 | 2 | 20.9 | 10.3 |
| 8 |  | 1 | 9.8 | 26.0 |
| 9 | 3 | 12.2 | 8.4 |
| 10 | 5 | 14.7 | 6.2 |
| 11 |  | | 8.8, 14.6 | 10.0 |
| 12 |  | | 11.8, 14.1 | 6.3 |
| 13 |  | 1 | 8.6 | 12.0 |
| 14 | 7 | 17.3 | 40.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198702066165187090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | GalNAc/Gal conjugate | L/Å | ASGPR Ki / nmol·L-1 |
| 15 |  | 20.7 | 93 |
| 16 |  | 19.9 | 200 |
| 17 |  | 20.7 | 200 |
| 18 |  | 19.1 | 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1198702066328764962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198624303114712035, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
ASGPR binding affinities with different Gal/GalNAc conjugates. The length of the linker (L) was estimated by ChemBio3D 14.0 software
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | GalNAc/Gal conjugate | L/Å | ASGPR Ki / nmol·L-1 |
| 15 |  | 20.7 | 93 |
| 16 |  | 19.9 | 200 |
| 17 |  | 20.7 | 200 |
| 18 |  | 19.1 | 2 |
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