Article(id=1198622901025993526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0626, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653235200000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-23, revisedDate=1655740800000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703568940, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1673452800000, pubDateStr=2023-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703568940, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703568940, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703568940, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198622898320671473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='234', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1673452800000', pubDateStr='2023-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703568296, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763703697615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198623440782586642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198623440782586643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=127, endPage=138, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198622902099735363, articleId=1198622901025993526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Screening of active components and preliminary mechanism exploration of Lycii Fructus for improving osteoporosis based on the zebrafish model, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Juvenile zebrafish were used to screen the active components of Lycii Fructus for improving osteoporosis. The screening results were further verified by zebrafish adult osteoporosis model and the action mechanism was explored. Prednisolone was used as the inducer to build osteoporosis models of juvenile and adult zebrafish, and 9 groups of samples of different extracts and chemical parts of Lycii Fructus were given. Alizarin red staining was applied for observing the scale matrix mineralization and bone resorption. The activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were detected using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/TRACP) staining. The expressions of bone metabolism-related genes alp, osteoprotectin (opn), osteoblast specific transcription factor (sp7), cathepsin K (ctsk), tracp, and Runt family transcription factor 2b (runx2b) in each group were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that all components of Lycii Fructus improved the formation area of the first vertebrae, the staining light density value, and the number of vertebrae joints in juvenile zebrafish and the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) treatment group exerted the best effect. In addition, LBP prevented the formation of bone resorption lacunae in zebrafish scales, increased ALP activity, decreased TRAP activity, up-regulated the alp, sp7, and opn genes, and lowered the expressions of ctsk and tracp genes. In conclusion, LBP regulated the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, reduced bone resorption, promoted bone formation and enhanced bone density, which might be the main anti-osteoporosis active fraction of Lycii Fructus. This study provided modern scientific evidence for the scientific connotation of the traditional effect of "strengthening bones and muscles" of Lycii Fructus, provided the reference for the evaluation of the anti-osteoporosis activity of traditional Chinese medicine based on zebrafish adult model, and provided beneficial enlightenment for the bone health needs of the aging society population.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hui-li ZHENG, Yong-qing HUA, Xin-hui LIU, Meng-ting LI, Tong ZHOU, Yue ZHU, Li YU, Sheng GUO, Jin-ao DUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jin-ao DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198622904121390021, articleId=1198622901025993526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于斑马鱼模型的枸杞子改善骨质疏松活性部位筛选及其机制初探, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用斑马鱼幼鱼筛选枸杞子改善骨质疏松的活性部位, 并通过斑马鱼成鱼骨质疏松模型验证筛选结果。以泼尼松龙为诱导剂构建斑马鱼幼鱼及成鱼骨质疏松模型, 给予枸杞子不同提取物及化学部位共9组样品, 通过茜素红染色后统计第一椎骨面积及光密度值, 椎骨骨节数量以筛选枸杞子抗骨质疏松的活性部位。采用茜素红染色观察斑马鱼成鱼鳞片基质矿化及骨吸收情况; 采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP) 和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP/TRACP) 染色检测鳞片中成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性; 采用qRT-PCR法测定鳞片中骨代谢相关基因alp、骨桥蛋白(opn)、成骨细胞特异性转录因子(sp7)、组织蛋白酶K (ctsk)、tracp、Runx家族转录因子2b (runx2b) 的表达情况。结果显示, 枸杞子各样品组均能够不同程度地改善斑马鱼幼鱼第一椎骨形成面积、染色光密度值和椎骨骨节数量, 其中以枸杞子多糖部位效果最优。枸杞多糖能够显著抑制斑马鱼鳞片中骨吸收陷窝的形成, 增强鳞片中ALP活性, 降低TRAP活性, 上调alpsp7opn基因, 下调ctsktracp基因的表达。研究结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够调节成骨细胞与破骨细胞活性, 减少骨吸收, 促进骨形成, 增强骨密度, 为枸杞子抗骨质疏松的主要活性部位。本研究为中药枸杞子“坚筋骨”传统功效提供了科学证据, 为基于斑马鱼成鱼模型评价中药抗骨质疏松活性的研究提供了借鉴, 也为老龄化社会人群骨健康需求提供了有益的启示。

, authors=null, authorsList=郑慧丽, 华永庆, 刘欣慧, 李梦婷, 周曈, 朱悦, 余黎, 郭盛, 段金廒, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=段金廒, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*段金廒, Tel: 86-25-85811917, E-mail:
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Areas of calcified matrix in craniofacial skeleton are stained red. The central conical red area represents the location of the first vertebra. <i>n</i> = 20-30. Control was blank group with 0.1% DMSO; PN was 15 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> prednisolone group; ED was 30 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> etidronate disodium group; LBE: Ethanol extract of <i>Lycium barbarum</i>; LBW: Water extract of <i>Lycium barbarum</i>; LBEW: Water extract of <i>Lycium barbarum</i> residue after ethanol extraction; LBP: <i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharide; LBEW-P: The supernatant after LBP precipitation from LBEW; LBEAW: Water eluent of LBE on AB-8 macroporous resin; LBE-30E; 30% ethanol eluent of LBE on AB-8 macroporous resin; LBE-60E: 60% ethanol eluent of LBE on AB-8 macroporous resin; LBE-95E: 95% ethanol eluent of LBE on AB-8 macroporous resin , figureFileSmall=3z++tAr8BksNVXCKZ+700A==, figureFileBig=SxCJ2RpS3KQY/63sy/U/aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702081499562457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WRUWGVxjm03bZHv0ENULmA==, figureFileBig=+YhZ2l/3LTMa8g+f7CadOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702081625391586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Statistics of alizarin red staining results of the first vertebra of juvenile zebrafish at 9 days post fertilization with exposure to prednisolone and therapeutic effect of different parts of Lycii Fructus. A: Alizarin red staining area of the first vertebra of zebrafish; B: Alizarin red staining integrated density (IntDen) of the first vertebra of zebrafish. Control was blank group with 0.1% DMSO; PN was 15 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> prednisolone group; ED was 30 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> etidronate disodium group. <i>n</i> = 20-30, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> PN , figureFileSmall=WRUWGVxjm03bZHv0ENULmA==, figureFileBig=+YhZ2l/3LTMa8g+f7CadOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702081730249193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ALi5FEtk/wX9PTxb0+O3IQ==, figureFileBig=yQbtOqjVfHbhXWdxND3EFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702081822523886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Alizarin red staining and data analysis of juvenile zebrafish vertebrae. 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A: Alizarin red staining (×50, scale bar = 400 μm); B: Average optical density of alizarin red staining of scales; C: Area of resorption lacunae of scaly bone. Control was blank group with 0.1% DMSO, PN was 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> prednisolone group, ED was 30 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> etidronate disodium group. <i>n</i> = 20-30, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> PN , figureFileSmall=ru4EF7O+CUWc4emAnNR+Dw==, figureFileBig=Ex9SoTCMz9Nr/XuuAgejlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082288091657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LIhcDfs6WYrxdJo7n9463g==, figureFileBig=iIbt+H+/FSiDICmWsqfEUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082430698005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of LBP on ALP activity in zebrafish scales. 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A: TRAP histochemical staining (×50, scale bar = 400 μm); B: TRAP staining area ratio; C: TRAP staining average optical density. <i>n</i> = 20-30, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> PN , figureFileSmall=q8bPRgSKVl4oO319U6jioA==, figureFileBig=TKrCj9jcLFUO5gH38G7riQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082808185390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=L0s/c45UmZQ69CoHYY6rKQ==, figureFileBig=gcBqrRNZuhQ6xLCorEfuSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702082917237303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effects of LBP on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast related genes in zebrafish scales treated with PN. Control was blank group with 0.1% DMSO, PN was 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> prednisolone group, ED was 30 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup> etidronate disodium group. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$\bar{x}$</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> PN , figureFileSmall=L0s/c45UmZQ69CoHYY6rKQ==, figureFileBig=gcBqrRNZuhQ6xLCorEfuSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702083017900601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene Accession number Forward sequence (5′-3′) Reverse sequence (5′-3′)
sp7 NM_212863.2 GACTGCCTGACCAGCGTCAA GAGGCACCAAGCCTCTCCAA
alp NM_201007.1 AGAGAAGCGGCCTGATTACT ACACCCATCCCATCTCCAAG
ctsk NM_001017778.1 TGGGAGGGCTGGAAACTCAC CATGAGCCGCATGAACCTTG
runx2b AY443098.1 AACTTCTTCTGGGGTTCGACA GGGTTGGCGTGTAGGTGAAG
tracp NM_001002452.1 CGTCCACTGACCACAGGAAGA AAGGATCCTGACGTCTGATTGA
opn AY241929.1 GGCGTCTGAAGAAACCTCTG GCAGGATTGGGATGCAGTAT
β-actin AF057040 CGAGCGTGGCTACAGCTTCA GCCCGTCAGGGAGCTCATAG
), ArticleFig(id=1198702083118563903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901025993526, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences for quantitative real-time PCR. sp7: sp7 transcription factor; alp: Alkaline phosphatase; ctsk: Cathepsin K; runx2b: Runt-related transcription factor 2b; tracp/trap: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; opn: Osteopontin

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Gene Accession number Forward sequence (5′-3′) Reverse sequence (5′-3′)
sp7 NM_212863.2 GACTGCCTGACCAGCGTCAA GAGGCACCAAGCCTCTCCAA
alp NM_201007.1 AGAGAAGCGGCCTGATTACT ACACCCATCCCATCTCCAAG
ctsk NM_001017778.1 TGGGAGGGCTGGAAACTCAC CATGAGCCGCATGAACCTTG
runx2b AY443098.1 AACTTCTTCTGGGGTTCGACA GGGTTGGCGTGTAGGTGAAG
tracp NM_001002452.1 CGTCCACTGACCACAGGAAGA AAGGATCCTGACGTCTGATTGA
opn AY241929.1 GGCGTCTGAAGAAACCTCTG GCAGGATTGGGATGCAGTAT
β-actin AF057040 CGAGCGTGGCTACAGCTTCA GCCCGTCAGGGAGCTCATAG
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基于斑马鱼模型的枸杞子改善骨质疏松活性部位筛选及其机制初探
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郑慧丽 1 , 华永庆 1, 2 , 刘欣慧 1 , 李梦婷 1 , 周曈 1 , 朱悦 1 , 余黎 2 , 郭盛 1, 3 , 段金廒 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2023,58(1): 127-138
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药学学报 |研究论文 2023 , 58 (1) : 127 -138
基于斑马鱼模型的枸杞子改善骨质疏松活性部位筛选及其机制初探
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郑慧丽1, 华永庆1, 2, 刘欣慧1, 李梦婷1, 周曈1, 朱悦1, 余黎2, 郭盛1, 3, 段金廒1, *
作者信息
  • 1.南京中医药大学/中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程中心, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023
  • 2.江苏省中药药效与安全性评价重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023
  • 3.宁夏枸杞创新中心, 宁夏 银川 750002
通讯作者:
*段金廒, Tel: 86-25-85811917, E-mail:
Screening of active components and preliminary mechanism exploration of Lycii Fructus for improving osteoporosis based on the zebrafish model
Hui-li ZHENG1, Yong-qing HUA1, 2, Xin-hui LIU1, Meng-ting LI1, Tong ZHOU1, Yue ZHU1, Li YU2, Sheng GUO1, 3, Jin-ao DUAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of High Technology Research, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 3. Ningxia Innovation Center of Wolfberry R & D, Yinchuan 750002, China
出版时间: 2023-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0626
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利用斑马鱼幼鱼筛选枸杞子改善骨质疏松的活性部位, 并通过斑马鱼成鱼骨质疏松模型验证筛选结果。以泼尼松龙为诱导剂构建斑马鱼幼鱼及成鱼骨质疏松模型, 给予枸杞子不同提取物及化学部位共9组样品, 通过茜素红染色后统计第一椎骨面积及光密度值, 椎骨骨节数量以筛选枸杞子抗骨质疏松的活性部位。采用茜素红染色观察斑马鱼成鱼鳞片基质矿化及骨吸收情况; 采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP) 和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP/TRACP) 染色检测鳞片中成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性; 采用qRT-PCR法测定鳞片中骨代谢相关基因alp、骨桥蛋白(opn)、成骨细胞特异性转录因子(sp7)、组织蛋白酶K (ctsk)、tracp、Runx家族转录因子2b (runx2b) 的表达情况。结果显示, 枸杞子各样品组均能够不同程度地改善斑马鱼幼鱼第一椎骨形成面积、染色光密度值和椎骨骨节数量, 其中以枸杞子多糖部位效果最优。枸杞多糖能够显著抑制斑马鱼鳞片中骨吸收陷窝的形成, 增强鳞片中ALP活性, 降低TRAP活性, 上调alpsp7opn基因, 下调ctsktracp基因的表达。研究结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够调节成骨细胞与破骨细胞活性, 减少骨吸收, 促进骨形成, 增强骨密度, 为枸杞子抗骨质疏松的主要活性部位。本研究为中药枸杞子“坚筋骨”传统功效提供了科学证据, 为基于斑马鱼成鱼模型评价中药抗骨质疏松活性的研究提供了借鉴, 也为老龄化社会人群骨健康需求提供了有益的启示。

宁夏枸杞  /  枸杞子  /  骨质疏松  /  斑马鱼  /  鳞片  /  活性筛选  /  枸杞多糖

Juvenile zebrafish were used to screen the active components of Lycii Fructus for improving osteoporosis. The screening results were further verified by zebrafish adult osteoporosis model and the action mechanism was explored. Prednisolone was used as the inducer to build osteoporosis models of juvenile and adult zebrafish, and 9 groups of samples of different extracts and chemical parts of Lycii Fructus were given. Alizarin red staining was applied for observing the scale matrix mineralization and bone resorption. The activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were detected using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP/TRACP) staining. The expressions of bone metabolism-related genes alp, osteoprotectin (opn), osteoblast specific transcription factor (sp7), cathepsin K (ctsk), tracp, and Runt family transcription factor 2b (runx2b) in each group were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that all components of Lycii Fructus improved the formation area of the first vertebrae, the staining light density value, and the number of vertebrae joints in juvenile zebrafish and the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) treatment group exerted the best effect. In addition, LBP prevented the formation of bone resorption lacunae in zebrafish scales, increased ALP activity, decreased TRAP activity, up-regulated the alp, sp7, and opn genes, and lowered the expressions of ctsk and tracp genes. In conclusion, LBP regulated the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, reduced bone resorption, promoted bone formation and enhanced bone density, which might be the main anti-osteoporosis active fraction of Lycii Fructus. This study provided modern scientific evidence for the scientific connotation of the traditional effect of "strengthening bones and muscles" of Lycii Fructus, provided the reference for the evaluation of the anti-osteoporosis activity of traditional Chinese medicine based on zebrafish adult model, and provided beneficial enlightenment for the bone health needs of the aging society population.

Lycium barbarum L  /  Lycii Fructus  /  osteoporosis  /  zebrafish  /  scale  /  activity screening  /  Lycium barbarum polysaccharide
郑慧丽, 华永庆, 刘欣慧, 李梦婷, 周曈, 朱悦, 余黎, 郭盛, 段金廒. 基于斑马鱼模型的枸杞子改善骨质疏松活性部位筛选及其机制初探. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (1) : 127 -138 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0626
Hui-li ZHENG, Yong-qing HUA, Xin-hui LIU, Meng-ting LI, Tong ZHOU, Yue ZHU, Li YU, Sheng GUO, Jin-ao DUAN. Screening of active components and preliminary mechanism exploration of Lycii Fructus for improving osteoporosis based on the zebrafish model[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (1) : 127 -138 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0626
骨质疏松是一种由于衰老或生活方式等因素诱导的以骨量低、骨组织微结构破坏, 导致骨脆性增加, 易发生骨折为特征的进行性代谢骨病[1]。成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性及耦联机制的破坏与失衡是骨质疏松发病的主要因素。流行病学研究结果显示[2], 我国50岁以上男性和女性骨质疏松的患病率分别为6.46%和29.13%, 随着人口老龄化进程的推进, 骨质疏松及骨质疏松性骨折发病率呈逐年递增的趋势, 骨质疏松的预防及治疗已经成为我国面临的重大公共健康问题。
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实, 是常用的药食同源补益类中药, 具有滋补肝肾、益精明目的功效。《神农本草经》记载其“……久服坚筋骨, 轻身, 不老”[3]。《名医别录》亦记载: “坚筋骨……, 久服耐寒暑”[4]。现代药理学研究表明, 枸杞多糖能够改善去势雌性大鼠股骨干重、骨密度、改善骨小梁结构、减少吸收陷窝[5]。枸杞多糖含药血清还能促进小鼠颅骨前骨细胞系MC3T3-E1细胞增殖, 提高细胞内钙离子和I型胶原蛋白含量[6]; 增加骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化和矿化能力[7, 8]。此外, 有研究表明枸杞子提取物能够通过激活雌激素相关受体γ (estrogen-related receptor γ, ERRγ) 增加Ⅱ型肌纤维类型, 达到模拟运动锻炼的效果[9]。以上结果提示枸杞子能够通过直接或间接的方式调节骨代谢, 但是现代药理学仅对枸杞多糖改善骨质疏松的活性进行了初步研究, 缺乏对其作用机制的深入探讨, 同时尚未有关枸杞子中其他成分抗骨质疏松活性的报道。
斑马鱼胚胎透明、易获取, 被广泛用于研究成骨发育, 是体内抗骨质疏松药物高通量筛选的代表性模型[10-12]。斑马鱼成鱼鳞片由磷酸钙和羟基磷灰石晶体组成, 与人体骨组织结构相似, 且具有相同的细胞类型和骨形成与吸收的调节机制[13, 14]。本研究拟通过斑马鱼幼鱼模型筛选枸杞子改善骨质疏松的活性部位, 并基于斑马鱼成鱼模型对筛选结果进行了验证及进一步的研究, 以期为揭示枸杞子发挥“坚筋骨”作用的物质基础及作用机制奠定基础, 更好地服务于老龄化社会骨质疏松患者临床用药需求。
实验动物  4月龄野生型AB品系斑马鱼成鱼由南京一树梨花公司提供。斑马鱼培养体系由北京爱生科技发展有限公司提供, 斑马鱼饲养温度为26 ℃, 14 h光照/10 h黑暗, 养殖水pH值(7.0~7.4) 和电导率(500~550 μs·cm-1) 由NaCl溶液和NaHCO3溶液维持, 每天投喂丰年虾早晚各一次。
药材与试剂  枸杞子(批号: 2109099) 购自宁夏明德中药饮片有限公司, 由南京中医药大学段金廒教授鉴定为茄科植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.) 的干燥成熟果实。无水葡萄糖(批号: 110833-201908, 国家食品药品检定研究院); 硫酸(批号: 20210530, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 苯酚(批号: C10930867)、3-乙氧酰基苯胺甲磺酸盐(批号: C12590064) (上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 泼尼松龙(批号: N15J11Q115595)、依替膦酸二钠(批号: K22A8M34493) (上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 茜素红S (批号: NO506Q031)、碱性磷酸酶染色液(偶氮偶联法) (批号: A20220321) (北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染液(批号: 20220223, 南京建成生物工程研究所); 总RNA快速提取试剂盒(货号YFXMOO11P, 南京翼飞雪生物科技有限公司); TransScript一步法gDNA去除及cDNA合成试剂盒(批号: P30923)、PerfectStart Green qPCR SuperMix (批号: N41217) (北京全式金生物); Runt家族转录因子2b (Runt family transcription on factor 2b, runx2b)、sp7转录因子(sp7 transcription factor, sp7)、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin, opn)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, alp)、抗酒酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, tracp)、组织蛋白酶K (cathepsin K, ctsk) 基因特异性引物由Thermo Fisher Scientific合成。
仪器  LEICA DFC 7000T体视显微镜(Leica公司); ABI 7500实时定量PCR仪(美国ABI公司); Tissuelyer-48全自动样品快速研磨仪(上海净信科技); 22R离心机(南京百瑞达生物科技有限公司); MV-100涡旋混匀仪(武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司); TS100恒温混匀仪(杭州瑞诚仪器有限公司); ST60-4微孔板恒温振荡器(杭州米欧仪器有限公司); DS-11超微量紫外分光光度计(美国DeNovix公司); Labconco Centri Vap真空离心浓缩仪、FreeZone-6L真空冷冻干燥机(美国Labconco公司)。
样品的制备  取枸杞子6 kg加入10倍量的水回流提取, 每次2 h, 过滤, 滤渣重复提取一次, 合并滤液, 减压浓缩冷冻干燥后得到水提取物(LBW)。取枸杞子10 kg加入10倍量80%乙醇回流提取, 每次2 h, 过滤, 滤渣重复提取一次, 合并滤液, 减压浓缩挥去乙醇后冷冻干燥得到醇提取物(LBE); 枸杞子醇提取后药渣加入10倍量水回流提取2 h, 过滤, 滤渣重复提取1次, 合并滤液, 减压浓缩至一定体积得到醇提后水提取物(LBEW); 向LBEW中缓慢加入95%乙醇至含醇量为80%, 4 ℃冰箱静置24 h, 分离上清液(LBEW-P) 和沉淀粗多糖部位(LBP), 枸杞子醇提取物加水复溶后, 通过AB-8大孔树脂, 依次用水、30%乙醇、60%乙醇、95%乙醇洗脱, 得到LBEAW、LBE-30E、LBE-60E、LBE-95E, 将LBEW、LBEW-P、LBP和LBEAW减压浓缩挥去乙醇, 冷冻干燥后备用; LBE-30E、LBE-60E和LBE-95E减压浓缩后通过真空离心浓缩仪干燥后备用。
总多糖含量测定  标准曲线的绘制: 称量葡萄糖10.05 mg, 定容至100 mL。精密量取对照品溶液0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6 mL, 分别置于15 mL具塞试管中, 分别加入纯水补至1.0 mL, 各精密加入5%苯酚溶液1 mL, 摇匀, 迅速精密量取浓硫酸5 mL, 摇匀, 放置10 min, 置60 ℃水浴中温育15 min, 取出后冷却至室温。以相应的试剂作空白, 在490 nm波长处测定吸光度。
样品测定  均匀称取一定量的枸杞子粗多糖三份, 加纯水定容至100 mL, 取0.5 mL至15 mL具塞试管中, 按照标准曲线制备项下方法, 自“各精密加入5%苯酚溶液1 mL”起, 依法测定吸光度。以吸光度为纵坐标、无水葡萄糖浓度为横坐标, 得到标准曲线, 计算样品中总多糖含量。
斑马鱼幼鱼分组与处理  将受精24 h的斑马鱼胚胎收集于12孔板中, 分为空白组、泼尼松龙模型组(15 μmol·L-1 prednisolone, PN)、依替膦酸二钠阳性药组(30 μg·mL-1 etidronate disodium, ED)、LBW (10、100、500 μg·mL-1) 组、LBE (10、100、500 μg·mL-1) 组、LBEW (10、100、500 μg·mL-1) 组、LBP (10、100、500 μg·mL-1) 组、LBEW-P (10、100、500 μg·mL-1) 组、LBEAW (10、100、500 μg·mL-1) 组、LBE-30E (2、20、200 μg·mL-1) 组、LBE-60E (1、10、100 μg·mL-1) 组、LBE-95E (0.5、5、50 μg·mL-1) 组, 每孔10枚, 每个剂量3个副孔, 以上药物除泼尼松龙、LBE-30E、LBE-60E和LBE-95E采用DMSO溶解外, 其余各药物均采用水溶解, 实验期间控制各组DMSO终浓度为0.1%, 自受精第3天开始, 模型组及各给药组开始给予15 μmol·L-1泼尼松龙, 空白组给予0.1% DMSO, 至受精第5天开始给予以上不同浓度的提取物干预, 每天半数换液, 至第9天结束实验。实验重复3次。
斑马鱼幼鱼骨骼茜素红染色  实验结束后, 加入30 μg·mL-1 3-乙氧酰基苯胺甲磺酸盐麻醉斑马鱼幼鱼, 加入4% 多聚甲醛固定20 min, 吸去多聚甲醛加入3% H2O2和2% KOH的混合溶液漂白斑马鱼幼鱼躯体黑色素, 在体视显微镜下观察漂色情况, 直至幼鱼头部及躯体呈透明状, 然后向各孔板中加入0.005% 茜素红过夜染色, 采用1% KOH-甘油溶液(3∶1、1∶1、1∶3) 梯度过渡去除非特异性结合染色。体视显微镜下将斑马鱼幼鱼固定于3%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液中, 采集腹面图片, 统计第一椎骨形成面积及染色光密度值, 采集侧面图片, 统计椎骨骨节形成数量。
斑马鱼成鱼分组与处理  将40尾斑马鱼成鱼分为空白组、泼尼松龙组(100 μmol·L-1)、依替膦酸二钠阳性药组(30 μg·mL-1)、枸杞多糖低剂量组(1 μg·mL-1)、枸杞多糖高剂量组(5 μg·mL-1), 每组8条, 含0.1% DMSO, 在造模的同时给予药物干预, 每2天更换一次培养用水, 实验持续30天。
斑马鱼鳞片茜素红染色  实验结束后, 加入200 μg·mL-1 3-乙氧酰基苯胺甲磺酸盐将斑马鱼麻醉致死, 用显微镊将斑马鱼躯体自头部至尾部分为3个区域摘取一侧躯体鳞片30~50片, 加入0.005%茜素红溶液, 过夜染色。将鳞片置于体视显微镜下拍照观察, 通过Image J软件统计鳞片染色的平均光密度值及鳞片吸收陷窝面积。
斑马鱼鳞片ALP和TRAP组织化学染色  ALP和TRAP染色所需的鳞片数量及获取方式同茜素红染色一致。采用偶氮偶联法检测ALP活性, 其基本原理为在碱性条件下, 细胞内ALP可以使萘酚AS-BI磷酸盐水解, 释放出磷酸和萘酚, 后者与偶联重氮盐生成有色产物, 定位于胞浆, ALP活性部位呈蓝色。
采用偶氮偶联法检测TRAP活性, 其基本原理是在酸性缓冲液中, 细胞内酸性磷酸酶催化底物水解, 生成物进而与一种稳定的重氮盐偶联, 生成不溶性的偶氮染料沉淀, 当底物中存在酒石酸时, TRAP活性部位呈鲜红色或深红色, 定位胞浆。以上染色完成后, 将鳞片置于体视显微镜下拍照观察, 通过Image J软件统计鳞片染色的平均光密度值及染色面积占整体鳞片面积的百分比。
RNA的提取及qRT-PCR分析  用显微镊摘取斑马鱼另一侧全部鳞片固定于RNA提取液中, 通过反转录法获得cDNA。通过StepOne试剂盒进行实时聚合酶链式反应定量检测alptracpopgrunx2bctsksp7。扩增条件为, 95 ℃下3 min初始变性, 95 ℃, 30 s变性和60 ℃, 40 s退火, 40个循环数。以β-actin作为内参, 采用2-△△CT计算各基因mRNA的相对量。基因特异性引物序列见表 1
统计学方法  采用专业图像处理软件Image J统计斑马鱼幼鱼骨骼及成鱼鳞片染色的面积及光密度值, 采用GraphPad 8.0软件作图, 组间数据采用单因素方差分析, 结果以均值±标准差($\bar{x}$ ± s) 表示, P < 0.05表示有显著性差异。
硫酸苯酚法测定结果显示, 葡萄糖溶液浓度在0.010 05~0.050 25 mg·mL-1内, 490 nm波长处线性关系良好, 其回归方程为: y = 2.550 1x + 0.031 1, R2 = 0.999, 通过以上制备工艺所得枸杞子粗多糖中总多糖含量为51.25%。
茜素红能够与钙离子发生络合反应生成深红色的沉淀, 可用于指示骨骼中钙基质的沉积。斑马鱼幼鱼在第9天时茜素红染色结果显示: 与空白组比较, 15 μmol·L-1泼尼松龙会显著抑制斑马鱼幼鱼第一椎骨的形成(图 1), 表现为茜素红染色面积减小(P < 0.001, 图 2A), 染色光密度值下降(P < 0.001, 图 2B), 表明斑马鱼幼鱼骨质疏松模型的成功建立。阳性药依替膦酸二钠能够显著改善斑马鱼幼鱼第一椎骨矿化面积及累积光密度值(integrated density, IntDen) (P < 0.01), 枸杞子各提取分离样品组中LBE、LBW和LBP在10 μg·mL-1时、LBW、LBEW、LBEW-P和LBP在100 μg·mL-1时、LBE-30E在20和200 μg·mL-1时、LBE-60E在10和100 μg·mL-1时、LBE-95E在0.5 μg·mL-1时能够显著改善斑马鱼幼鱼第一椎骨染色面积及累积光密度值(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。结果显示, 枸杞子各供试样品在一定浓度范围内能够不同程度地改善泼尼松龙对斑马鱼幼鱼骨骼发育的抑制, 具有促进骨形成、增加骨密度的作用。
斑马鱼幼鱼第9天时椎骨骨节茜素红染色结果显示: 15 μmol·L-1泼尼松龙显著抑制斑马鱼幼鱼椎骨的形成(图 3A), 阳性药依替膦酸二钠对泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼椎骨形成无明显改善作用。枸杞子各给药组中枸杞多糖组在100 μg·mL-1时能够显著提高斑马鱼幼鱼椎骨形成数量(P < 0.05, 图 3B), 枸杞子其余各供试样品组对斑马鱼幼鱼椎骨形成具有一定的改善作用, 但与泼尼松龙组相比无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够显著改善泼尼松龙对斑马鱼幼鱼椎骨骨节发育的抑制, 具有促进骨形成的作用。
骨吸收陷窝的形成是由成骨细胞与破骨细胞活性失衡所致。与空白组相比, 100 μmol·L-1泼尼松龙能够明显诱导斑马鱼成鱼鳞片吸收陷窝的形成, 表现为鳞片边缘钙基质缺损(图 4A), 单位面积茜素红染色光密度值下降(P < 0.001, 图 4B)。阳性药依替膦酸二钠、1和5 μg·mL-1枸杞多糖组能够显著提高单位面积鳞片茜素红染色光密度值(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, 图 4B), 显著抑制鳞片边缘骨吸收陷窝的形成(P < 0.01, 图 4C)。结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够促进骨矿化, 改善泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼成鱼鳞片骨吸收陷窝的形成, 提高鳞片完整性。
ALP活性的高表达是成骨细胞分化成熟的早期标志。与空白组相比, 100 μmol·L-1泼尼松龙能够显著抑制斑马鱼成鱼鳞片ALP活性及活动面积(图 5A), 表现为鳞片ALP着色面积减少(P < 0.001, 图 5B), 单位面积ALP染色光密度值下降(P < 0.001, 图 5C)。阳性药依替膦酸二钠、1和5 μg·mL-1枸杞多糖组能够提高鳞片中ALP染色面积和单位面积ALP染色光密度值(P < 0.001)。结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够显著提高泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼成鱼鳞片中成骨细胞数量, 逆转ALP活性的下降。
骨组织TRAP染色可以反映破骨细胞活性。与空白组相比, 100 μmol·L-1泼尼松龙能够增强斑马鱼成鱼鳞片中TRAP活性及活动面积(图 6A), 表现为鳞片TRAP着色面积增大(P < 0.05, 图 6B), 单位面积TRAP染色光密度值上升(P < 0.05, 图 6C)。阳性药依替膦酸二钠对鳞片中TRAP染色面积和单位面积鳞片染色光密度值无显著影响(P > 0.05)。1 μg·mL-1 LBP能够抑制鳞片中TRAP染色阳性面积和单位面积光密度值(P < 0.05), 5 μg·mL-1的LBP能够抑制鳞片中TRAP染色单位面积光密度值(P < 0.05)。结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够显著抑制泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼成鱼鳞片中破骨细胞激活及TRAP活性的增强。
研究表明, 泼尼松龙处理对成骨细胞活性及破骨细胞活性均有一定影响。本研究选择骨形成相关基因(runx2balpsp7opn) 和骨吸收相关基因(ctsktracp) 进行检测, 以探讨枸杞多糖对成骨细胞及破骨细胞相关基因的调节作用。结果显示(图 7), 泼尼松龙能够显著提高ctsktracp mRNA表达量(P < 0.05, P < 0.001), 下调runx2balpsp7 mRNA表达量(P < 0.01, P < 0.001), 阳性药依替膦酸二钠和枸杞多糖组能够显著恢复泼尼松龙诱导的以上基因的异常表达(P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001)。结果表明, 枸杞多糖能够通过调节骨形成与骨吸收的动态平衡发挥抗骨质疏松的作用。
利用斑马鱼成鱼评价中药在抗骨质疏松方面的研究国内鲜见报道。本文基于斑马鱼幼鱼模型筛选枸杞子改善骨质疏松的活性部位, 并通过斑马鱼成鱼骨质疏松模型, 对幼鱼的筛选结果进行了验证及进一步研究, 以期为相关方面研究提供借鉴与参考。
由于骨骼结构和遗传学与人类的高度相似性, 斑马鱼近年来被广泛用于骨科疾病模型的构建与药物评价[15]。利用泼尼松龙诱导斑马鱼幼鱼骨质疏松模型最早由Barrett等[11]提出, 由于胚胎易大量获取、表型稳定, 斑马鱼幼鱼骨质疏松模型被认为是初期筛选抗骨质疏松药物的理想模型。本文基于斑马鱼幼鱼骨质疏松模型, 较为系统地评价了枸杞子不同提取分离部位9组样品的抗骨质疏松活性, 结果显示枸杞子不同提取分离部位对斑马鱼幼鱼早期骨形成均具有不同程度的改善作用, 其中枸杞多糖组能够显著增加幼鱼椎骨骨节形成数量, 提示多糖部位为枸杞子抗骨质疏松和改善骨代谢的主要活性部位。
斑马鱼幼鱼在10日龄之前破骨细胞缺乏[16, 17], 无法用于研究成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间的相互作用, 而斑马鱼成鱼中成骨细胞和破骨细胞同步存在, 与成年人的骨代谢过程相似[18]。关于斑马鱼成鱼骨质疏松模型的建立国内鲜有相关报道, 该模型于2014年首次由de Vrieze团队[19]提出, 结果显示抗骨质疏松药物阿伦磷酸盐和阿法骨化醇能够改善斑马鱼再生鳞片畸形指数及TRAP活性, 表明该模型可初步用于抗骨质疏松药物的研究[20]。Pasqualetti等[21]在此模型的基础上以非再生斑马鱼鳞片构建了斑马鱼成鱼骨质疏松模型, 该研究发现泼尼松龙能够剂量依赖性诱导斑马鱼鳞片中矿化基质丢失, TRAP阳性细胞迁移至鳞片边缘, 形成大的吸收陷窝, 同时鳞片成骨细胞中ALP活性显著降低。此后, 该斑马鱼成鱼在体鳞片骨质疏松模型被陆续用于评价药物的抗骨质疏松活性, 均取得了较好的结果, 如阿伦磷酸盐[21]、甘草素[22, 23]、生姜提取物[24]和其他中草药复合制剂[25]。本研究通过复制斑马鱼成鱼在体鳞片骨质疏松模型, 对斑马鱼幼鱼筛选结果进行了验证及进一步研究。
结果显示, 枸杞多糖部位能够抑制泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼鳞片中ALP活性的下降, 降低TRAP染色阳性面积, 调节骨形成及骨吸收相关基因的表达, 促进成骨细胞分化, 降低破骨细胞激活, 减少鳞片边缘骨吸收陷窝的形成。表明枸杞多糖部位能够通过恢复成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间动态平衡发挥抗骨质疏松的作用。这些评价结果与前人报道的枸杞多糖能够降低棕榈酸诱导的MC3T3-E1细胞凋亡[26], 促进骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化[7], 下调血清骨钙素和碱性磷酸酶含量, 提高去卵巢小鼠骨密度[27], 改善骨质疏松等结果互为补充和验证, 具有良好的一致性。通过本文研究进一步表明斑马鱼作为整体动物模型, 给药剂量小, 饲养成本低, 鳞片易获取且可再生, 方便动态观察药物的干预效果, 适合于筛选早期抗骨质疏松药物的活性评价研究等。斑马鱼体型较小, 取材样本受限; 作为新兴动物模型, 所得实验结果的准确性也有待长期观察。因此, 对斑马鱼模型筛选所得结果需要更多的研究来表征这些药物的靶点以确定其在哺乳动物或者人体疾病模型中的效用。
枸杞多糖为枸杞子改善骨质疏松的主要活性成分, 其能够调节成骨细胞与破骨细胞活性, 减少骨吸收, 促进骨形成, 增强骨基质矿化, 具有潜在的改善糖皮质激素性骨质疏松的作用。本研究为枸杞子“坚筋骨”传统功效科学内涵的揭示提供了新的证据, 为基于斑马鱼模式生物评价中药在调节骨代谢方面的研究提供了借鉴, 同时为老龄化社会人群骨健康需求提供了有益启示。
作者贡献: 郑慧丽为本研究的主要完成人和论文撰写者; 刘欣慧、李梦婷和周曈参与部分实验工作; 华永庆、朱悦、余黎和郭盛指导实验过程及论文写作; 段金廒设计研究方案并组织实施。
利益冲突: 所有作者均不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A20408)
  • 宁夏重点研发计划重点项目(2021BEF01003)
  • 宁夏重点研发计划重点项目(2021BEF02009)
  • 国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202005)
  • 宁夏科技基础条件建设项目(2021DPC05005)
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2023年第58卷第1期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0626
  • 接收时间:2022-05-23
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-23
  • 修回日期:2022-06-21
基金
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A20408)
宁夏重点研发计划重点项目(2021BEF01003)
宁夏重点研发计划重点项目(2021BEF02009)
国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202005)
宁夏科技基础条件建设项目(2021DPC05005)
作者信息
    1.南京中医药大学/中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程中心, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023
    2.江苏省中药药效与安全性评价重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023
    3.宁夏枸杞创新中心, 宁夏 银川 750002

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*段金廒, Tel: 86-25-85811917, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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