Article(id=1198622901005026072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1659974400000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-09, revisedDate=1668787200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763703568936, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1673452800000, pubDateStr=2023-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763703568936, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763703568936, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763703568936, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198622898320671473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2023', volume='58', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='234', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1673452800000', pubDateStr='2023-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763703568296, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1763703697615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1198623440782586642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1198623440782586643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1198622898320671473, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=63, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198622902187819812, articleId=1198622901005026072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploration and advance of key techniques in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a new imaging technique with label-free, rapid, and high throughput features. It has bloomed in the analysis on the spatial distribution of biomolecules such as drugs, metabolites, peptides and proteins on the tissue surface in virtue of providing high data throughput from non-targeted full analysis and high accuracy from targeted analysis. The acquisition of MSI signal response with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and good stability is directly depended on the appropriate sample preparation approaches, and flexible and various data processing tools will help the non-target data mining to meet the demands of visualization, spatial distribution and multiple index applications so as to reveal the scientific rules beneath the data. This review briefly summarizes the key advances in MALDI-MSI from aspects of sample preparation procedures, data processing and visualization. It also illustrates the characteristics, difficulties and probable solutions derived from these key techniques.

, authors=null, authorsList=Lu-yuan QIN, Chuang WANG, Bin XU, Lei GUO, Jian-wei XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2023 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198622907334230123, articleId=1198622901005026072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=MALDI质谱成像中的关键技术探讨及其研究进展, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, MALDI-MSI) 是一种新型的无标记、快速、高通量的成像技术, 具有非靶向全分析型的数据通量及靶向分析的高准确性, 在组织表面的药物、代谢产物、多肽及蛋白质等多种生物分子空间分布分析方面发展迅速。适当的样品制备方法是获取高灵敏度、高空间分辨率、稳定性好的MSI响应的核心前提, 灵活多样的数据处理手段则有助于挖掘非靶向数据, 实现可视化示踪、空间分布、多指标应用等需求, 利于揭示数据下的科学规律。本文简要总结了MALDI-MSI中的样品制备流程、数据处理和可视化中的关键技术研究进展, 详细阐述了关键技术特征、难点及可能的解决方案。

, authors=null, authorsList=覃露媛, 王闯, 徐斌, 郭磊, 谢剑炜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭磊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郭磊, Tel: 86-10-66931650, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=34oEzj+TI+/YgBYbinvwEQ==, magXml=VSOXeVLOA+s7SaUqzea8/g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OkFGtBNp4T6JjIwlm23waw==, pdfFileSize=4629618, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VhRlDAdFSP+TwFn+c8fGjg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ruvfnIIj8dxV/3AmgP+K9Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1198702070292382503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702070506292026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070292382503, language=EN, stringName=Lu-yuan QIN, firstName=Lu-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702070682452810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070292382503, language=CN, stringName=覃露媛, firstName=露媛, middleName=null, lastName=覃, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])]), Author(id=1198702070833447771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702070997025642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070833447771, language=EN, stringName=Chuang WANG, firstName=Chuang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702071152214907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070833447771, language=CN, stringName=王闯, firstName=闯, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850
2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702070120416024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702070128804633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702070120416024, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702070145581850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702070120416024, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1198702071332569993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702072460837780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702071332569993, language=EN, stringName=Bin XU, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702072657970084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702071332569993, language=CN, stringName=徐斌, firstName=斌, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])]), Author(id=1198702072792187825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=guolei@bmi.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073106760642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702072792187825, language=EN, stringName=Lei GUO, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073287115729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702072792187825, language=CN, stringName=郭磊, firstName=磊, middleName=null, lastName=郭, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])]), Author(id=1198702073475859430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073626854380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702073475859430, language=EN, stringName=Jian-wei XIE, firstName=Jian-wei, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073773655030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702073475859430, language=CN, stringName=谢剑炜, firstName=剑炜, middleName=null, lastName=谢, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1198702074058866703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization), Keyword(id=1198702074176307230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=mass spectrometry imaging), Keyword(id=1198702074360856623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=sample preparation), Keyword(id=1198702074591543363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=data analysis), Keyword(id=1198702074759315535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=application advance), Keyword(id=1198702074918699094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=基质辅助激光解吸电离), Keyword(id=1198702075115831396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=质谱成像), Keyword(id=1198702075258437747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=样品制备), Keyword(id=1198702075539456142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=数据分析), Keyword(id=1198702075711422624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=应用进展)], refs=[Reference(id=1198702079033311600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac504543v, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=64, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Spengler B. Mass spectrometry imaging of biomolecular information[J]. Anal Chem, 2015, 87: 64-82., articleTitle=Mass spectrometry imaging of biomolecular information, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702079154946431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s11101-015-9440-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=445, pageEnd=488, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=Phytochem Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Boughton BA, Thinagaran D, Sarabia D, et al. Mass spectrometry imaging for plant biology: a review[J]. Phytochem Rev, 2016, 15: 445-488., articleTitle=Mass spectrometry imaging for plant biology: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702079272386950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=793, pageEnd=801, url=http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1489, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chu XP, Zang QC, Liu JX, et al. Study of mass spectrometry imaging metabolomics of paclitaxel based on esophageal cancer multicellular tumor spheroids cultured in vitro[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 793-801., articleTitle=Study of mass spectrometry imaging metabolomics of paclitaxel based on esophageal cancer multicellular tumor spheroids cultured in vitro, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702079440159128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=523, pageEnd=538, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=Scientometrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping[J]. Scientometrics, 2010, 84: 523-538., articleTitle=Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702079582765473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/jasms.0c00216, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=2521, pageEnd=2530, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vestal M, Vestal C, Li S, et al. The seven S criteria for evaluating the performance of a MALDI mass spectrometer for MSI[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 2521-2530., articleTitle=The seven S criteria for evaluating the performance of a MALDI mass spectrometer for MSI, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702079708594594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1002/mas.21527, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=37, issue=null, pageStart=281, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=Mass Spectrom Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ràfols P, Vilalta D, Brezmes J, et al. Signal preprocessing, multivariate analysis and software tools for MA(LDI)-TOF mass spectrometry imaging for biological applications[J]. Mass Spectrom Rev, 2018, 37: 281-306., articleTitle=Signal preprocessing, multivariate analysis and software tools for MA(LDI)-TOF mass spectrometry imaging for biological applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702079880561069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=null, pageStart=1359, pageEnd=1361, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=Drug Eval Res (药物评价研究), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang D, Huo G, Qu Z, et al. Discussion on key points of freezing sectioning technology of experimental animals[J]. Drug Eval Res (药物评价研究), 2019, 42: 1359-1361., articleTitle=Discussion on key points of freezing sectioning technology of experimental animals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702080052527542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Instrument information network. Visual analysis of asparagus based on mass spectrometry imaging technology [EB/OL]. 2020 [2022-10-05]. https://www.instrument.com.cn/news/20200623/552168.shtml., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702080207716800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s00216-018-1355-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=410, issue=null, pageStart=7449, pageEnd=7456, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Bioanal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li B, Zhang Y, Ge J, et al. Sample preparation for mass spectrometry imaging of leaf tissues: a case study on analyte delocalization[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2018, 410: 7449-7456., articleTitle=Sample preparation for mass spectrometry imaging of leaf tissues: a case study on analyte delocalization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702081361150413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.3389/fpls.2018.00892, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=892, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Front Plant Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bøgeskov Schmidt F, Heskes AM, Thinagaran D, et al. Mass spectrometry based imaging of labile glucosides in plants[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2018, 9: 892., articleTitle=Mass spectrometry based imaging of labile glucosides in plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702081482785240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460389, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=1608, issue=null, pageStart=460389, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=J Chromatogr A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Y, Guo W, Luo K, et al. Poly-L-lysine-based tissue embedding compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging analysis of dry and fragile aristolochia plants[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2019, 1608: 460389., articleTitle=Poly-L-lysine-based tissue embedding compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging analysis of dry and fragile aristolochia plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702081617002978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s00216-020-02986-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=413, issue=null, pageStart=2675, pageEnd=2682, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Bioanal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee YR, Briggs MT, Kuliwaba JS, et al. Gelatin-coated indium tin oxide slides improve human cartilage-bone tissue adherence and N-glycan signal intensity for mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413: 2675-2682., articleTitle=Gelatin-coated indium tin oxide slides improve human cartilage-bone tissue adherence and N-glycan signal intensity for mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702081726054889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s00216-020-02920-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=413, issue=null, pageStart=2683, pageEnd=2694, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Bioanal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vandenbosch M, Nauta SP, Svirkova A, et al. Sample preparation of bone tissue for MALDI-MSI for forensic and (pre)clinical applications[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413: 2683-2694., articleTitle=Sample preparation of bone tissue for MALDI-MSI for forensic and (pre)clinical applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702081835106802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1002/pmic.200800320, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=3785, pageEnd=3800, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=Proteomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goodwin RJ, Pennington SR, Pitt AR. Protein and peptides in pictures: imaging with MALDI mass spectrometry[J]. Proteomics, 2008, 8: 3785-3800., articleTitle=Protein and peptides in pictures: imaging with MALDI mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702081981907451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04304, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=1980, pageEnd=1988, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ly A, Ragionieri L, Liessem S, et al. Enhanced coverage of insect neuropeptides in tissue sections by an optimized mass-spectrometry-imaging protocol[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 1980-1988., articleTitle=Enhanced coverage of insect neuropeptides in tissue sections by an optimized mass-spectrometry-imaging protocol, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082149679620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.126, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=283, issue=null, pageStart=275, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=Food Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rešetar Maslov D, Svirkova A, Allmaier G, et al. Optimization of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging for the visualization and comparison of peptide distributions in dry-cured ham muscle fibers[J]. Food Chem, 2019, 283: 275-286., articleTitle=Optimization of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging for the visualization and comparison of peptide distributions in dry-cured ham muscle fibers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082304868878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1038/srep25289, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=25289, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu J, et al. Combination of ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry for qualitative, semi-quantitative and in situ analysis of gangliosides in brain[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 25289., articleTitle=Combination of ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry for qualitative, semi-quantitative and in situ analysis of gangliosides in brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082397143569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1038/nmeth1145, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=101, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Methods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andersson M, Groseclose MR, Deutch AY, et al. Imaging mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides: 3D volume reconstruction[J]. Nat Methods, 2008, 5: 101-108., articleTitle=Imaging mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides: 3D volume reconstruction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082514584090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/cr3004295, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=2309, pageEnd=2342, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=Chem Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Norris JL, Caprioli RM. Analysis of tissue specimens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry in biological and clinical research[J]. Chem Rev, 2013, 113: 2309-2342., articleTitle=Analysis of tissue specimens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry in biological and clinical research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082594275875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.jasms.2008.03.016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=1069, pageEnd=1077, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seeley EH, Oppenheimer SR, Mi D, et al. Enhancement of protein sensitivity for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry after chemical treatment of tissue sections[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2008, 19: 1069-1077., articleTitle=Enhancement of protein sensitivity for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry after chemical treatment of tissue sections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082762048043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/pr400743a, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=325, pageEnd=335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=J Proteome Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cillero-Pastor B, Heeren RM. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging for peptide and protein analyses: a critical review of on-tissue digestion[J]. J Proteome Res, 2014, 13: 325-335., articleTitle=Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging for peptide and protein analyses: a critical review of on-tissue digestion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082879488561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/jasms.9b00107, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=1058, pageEnd=1065, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Buchberger AR, Vu NQ, Johnson J, et al. A simple and effective sample preparation strategy for MALDI-MS imaging of neuropeptide changes in the crustacean brain due to hypoxia and hypercapnia stress[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 1058-1065., articleTitle=A simple and effective sample preparation strategy for MALDI-MS imaging of neuropeptide changes in the crustacean brain due to hypoxia and hypercapnia stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702082975957562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1002/jms.989, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=41, issue=null, pageStart=295, pageEnd=311, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=J Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stemmler EA, Gardner NP, Guiney ME, et al. The detection of red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) in crustacean eyestalk tissues using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry: [M+Na]+ ion formation in dried droplet tissue preparations[J]. J Mass Spectrom, 2006, 41: 295-311., articleTitle=The detection of red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) in crustacean eyestalk tissues using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry: [M+Na]+ ion formation in dried droplet tissue preparations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702083072426557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s00216-020-03073-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=413, issue=null, pageStart=2665, pageEnd=2673, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Bioanal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vu NQ, Buchberger AR, Johnson J, et al. Complementary neuropeptide detection in crustacean brain by mass spectrometry imaging using formalin and alternative aqueous tissue washes[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413: 2665-2673., articleTitle=Complementary neuropeptide detection in crustacean brain by mass spectrometry imaging using formalin and alternative aqueous tissue washes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702083290530376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/jasms.0c00003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=1066, pageEnd=1073, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Y, Tang W, Gordon A, et al. Development of an integrated tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS imaging of drug distribution in the brain[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 1066-1073., articleTitle=Development of an integrated tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS imaging of drug distribution in the brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702083479274064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac901043n, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=81, issue=null, pageStart=8305, pageEnd=8317, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Franck J, El Ayed M, Wisztorski M, et al. On-tissue N-terminal peptide derivatizations for enhancing protein identification in MALDI mass spectrometric imaging strategies[J]. Anal Chem, 2009, 81: 8305-8317., articleTitle=On-tissue N-terminal peptide derivatizations for enhancing protein identification in MALDI mass spectrometric imaging strategies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702083617686102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02303, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=12126, pageEnd=12131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun C, Liu W, Geng Y, et al. On-tissue derivatization strategy for mass spectrometry imaging of carboxyl-containing metabolites in biological tissues[J]. Anal Chem, 2020, 92: 12126-12131., articleTitle=On-tissue derivatization strategy for mass spectrometry imaging of carboxyl-containing metabolites in biological tissues, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702083743515227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03118, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=15373, pageEnd=15380, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zang Q, Wang M, Zhu Y, et al. Enhanced on-tissue chemical derivatization with hydrogel assistance for mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 15373-15380., articleTitle=Enhanced on-tissue chemical derivatization with hydrogel assistance for mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702083932258912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s00216-012-6508-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=405, issue=null, pageStart=1159, pageEnd=1170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Bioanal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Enthaler B, Trusch M, Fischer M, et al. MALDI imaging in human skin tissue sections: focus on various matrices and enzymes[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2013, 405: 1159-1170., articleTitle=MALDI imaging in human skin tissue sections: focus on various matrices and enzymes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702084108419687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac503952q, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=1867, pageEnd=1875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Heijs B, Carreira RJ, Tolner EA, et al. Comprehensive analysis of the mouse brain proteome sampled in mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2015, 87: 1867-1875., articleTitle=Comprehensive analysis of the mouse brain proteome sampled in mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702084200694382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1002/pmic.200800624, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=2750, pageEnd=2763, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Proteomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Djidja MC, Francese S, Loadman PM, et al. Detergent addition to tryptic digests and ion mobility separation prior to MS/MS improves peptide yield and protein identification for in situ proteomic investigation of frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adenocarcinoma tissue sections[J]. Proteomics, 2009, 9: 2750-2763., articleTitle=Detergent addition to tryptic digests and ion mobility separation prior to MS/MS improves peptide yield and protein identification for in situ proteomic investigation of frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adenocarcinoma tissue sections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702084309746294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1002/rcm.6192, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=26, issue=null, pageStart=1141, pageEnd=1146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schober Y, Guenther S, Spengler B, et al. High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of tryptic peptides from tissue[J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2012, 26: 1141-1146., articleTitle=High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of tryptic peptides from tissue, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702084469129856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/jasms.1c00046, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=32, issue=null, pageStart=1689, pageEnd=1699, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andrews WT, Bickner AN, Tobias F, et al. Electroblotting through enzymatic membranes to enhance molecular tissue imaging[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2021, 32: 1689-1699., articleTitle=Electroblotting through enzymatic membranes to enhance molecular tissue imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702084578181768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02047, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=64, issue=null, pageStart=6249, pageEnd=6256, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=J Agric Food Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Velickovic D, Saulnier L, Lhomme M, et al. Mass spectrometric imaging of wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars: distribution of major cell wall polysaccharides according to their main structural features[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2016, 64: 6249-6256., articleTitle=Mass spectrometric imaging of wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars: distribution of major cell wall polysaccharides according to their main structural features, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702085723226767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00471, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=4403, pageEnd=4411, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=J Proteome Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gemperline E, Keller C, Jayaraman D, et al. Examination of endogenous peptides in medicago truncatula using mass spectrometry imaging[J]. J Proteome Res, 2016, 15: 4403-4411., articleTitle=Examination of endogenous peptides in medicago truncatula using mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702085849055892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00570, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=7139, pageEnd=7145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang P, Huang CY, Lin TC, et al. Toward the rational design of universal dual polarity matrix for MALDI mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2020, 92: 7139-7145., articleTitle=Toward the rational design of universal dual polarity matrix for MALDI mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702085979079322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03522, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=2634, pageEnd=2643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He H, Qin L, Zhang Y, et al. 3, 4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid as a novel matrix for enhanced in situ detection and imaging of low-molecular-weight compounds in biological tissues by MALDI-MSI[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 2634-2643., articleTitle=3, 4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid as a novel matrix for enhanced in situ detection and imaging of low-molecular-weight compounds in biological tissues by MALDI-MSI, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086138462879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05480, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=11920, pageEnd=11928, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu H, Han M, Li J, et al. A caffeic acid matrix improves in situ detection and imaging of proteins with high molecular weight close to 200, 000 Da in tissues by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 11920-11928., articleTitle=A caffeic acid matrix improves in situ detection and imaging of proteins with high molecular weight close to 200, 000 Da in tissues by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086293652139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02710, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=90, issue=null, pageStart=729, pageEnd=736, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu H, Zhou Y, Wang J, et al. N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine as a novel MALDI matrix for analysis and in situ imaging of small molecules[J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 729-736., articleTitle=N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine as a novel MALDI matrix for analysis and in situ imaging of small molecules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086398509741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00803, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=8221, pageEnd=8228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li B, Sun R, Gordon A, et al. 3-Aminophthalhydrazide (Luminol) as a matrix for dual-polarity MALDI MS imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 8221-8228., articleTitle=3-Aminophthalhydrazide (Luminol) as a matrix for dual-polarity MALDI MS imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086536921779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac202438a, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=465, pageEnd=469, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen R, Xu W, Xiong C, et al. High-salt-tolerance matrix for facile detection of glucose in rat brain microdialysates by MALDI mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2012, 84: 465-469., articleTitle=High-salt-tolerance matrix for facile detection of glucose in rat brain microdialysates by MALDI mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086687916728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s13361-012-0421-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=23, issue=null, pageStart=1454, pageEnd=1460, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen R, Chen S, Xiong C, et al. N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate: a new matrix for negative ion MALDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2012, 23: 1454-1460., articleTitle=N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate: a new matrix for negative ion MALDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086780191421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/jasms.9b00084, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=1180, pageEnd=1188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yamazaki Y, Nakaya S, Ito K, et al. Analysis of high-molecular-weight polyrotaxanes by MALDI-TOF-MS using 3-aminoquinoline-based ionic liquid matrix[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 1180-1188., articleTitle=Analysis of high-molecular-weight polyrotaxanes by MALDI-TOF-MS using 3-aminoquinoline-based ionic liquid matrix, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086910214853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac7021986, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=80, issue=null, pageStart=2171, pageEnd=2179, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fukuyama Y, Nakaya S, Yamazaki Y, et al. Ionic liquid matrixes optimized for MALDI-MS of sulfated/sialylated/neutral oligosaccharides and glycopeptides[J]. Anal Chem, 2008, 80: 2171-2179., articleTitle=Ionic liquid matrixes optimized for MALDI-MS of sulfated/sialylated/neutral oligosaccharides and glycopeptides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702086994100939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/S1872-2040(17)61031-4, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=45, issue=null, pageStart=1155, pageEnd=1163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin J Anal Chem (分析化学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pei XL, Huang YY, Gong C, et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of oligosaccharides in soybean and bean leaf with ionic liquid as matrix[J]. Chin J Anal Chem (分析化学), 2017, 45: 1155-1163., articleTitle=Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of oligosaccharides in soybean and bean leaf with ionic liquid as matrix, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087065404112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=46, issue=null, pageStart=1923, pageEnd=1930, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=Chin J Anal Chem (分析化学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu XN, Pei XL, Gong C, et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in mulberry leaf using ionic liquid as matrix[J]. Chin J Anal Chem (分析化学), 2018, 46: 1923-1930., articleTitle=Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in mulberry leaf using ionic liquid as matrix, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087178650324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02732, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=88, issue=null, pageStart=8926, pageEnd=8930, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yagnik GB, Hansen RL, Korte AR, et al. Large scale nanoparticle screening for small molecule analysis in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2016, 88: 8926-8930., articleTitle=Large scale nanoparticle screening for small molecule analysis in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087275119321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128356, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=342, issue=null, pageStart=128356, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=Food Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee D, Kim Y, Jalaludin I, et al. MALDI-MS analysis of disaccharide isomers using graphene oxide as MALDI matrix[J]. Food Chem, 2021, 342: 128356., articleTitle=MALDI-MS analysis of disaccharide isomers using graphene oxide as MALDI matrix, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087413531358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s00604-020-04397-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=445, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=Mikrochim Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, Xia Y. Self-assembled matrix fabricated by Fe-metal organic frameworks and carboxymethyl cellulose for the determination of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS[J]. Mikrochim Acta, 2020, 187: 445., articleTitle=Self-assembled matrix fabricated by Fe-metal organic frameworks and carboxymethyl cellulose for the determination of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087510000354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01714, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=90, issue=null, pageStart=8309, pageEnd=8313, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang X, Zhan L, Sun J, et al. Utilizing a mini-humidifier to deposit matrix for MALDI imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 8309-8313., articleTitle=Utilizing a mini-humidifier to deposit matrix for MALDI imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087614857957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=null, pageStart=543, pageEnd=550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=J Instrum Anal (分析测试学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=He WW, Wang CY, Yang JW, et al. MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging of endogenous defensive peptides and its application in tracing origins of castor beans[J]. J Instrum Anal (分析测试学报), 2021, 40: 543-550., articleTitle=MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging of endogenous defensive peptides and its application in tracing origins of castor beans, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087728104169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac5028534, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=10030, pageEnd=10035, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gemperline E, Rawson S, Li L. Optimization and comparison of multiple MALDI matrix application methods for small molecule mass spectrometric imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2014, 86: 10030-10035., articleTitle=Optimization and comparison of multiple MALDI matrix application methods for small molecule mass spectrometric imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087841350383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac5034566, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=10114, pageEnd=10121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu H, Chen R, Wang J, et al. 1, 5-Diaminonaphthalene hydrochloride assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in tissues following focal cerebral ischemia[J]. Anal Chem, 2014, 86: 10114-10121., articleTitle=1, 5-Diaminonaphthalene hydrochloride assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in tissues following focal cerebral ischemia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702087954596597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1039/C4SC01850H, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=729, pageEnd=738, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=Chem Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Han J, Yang J, et al. Matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) for enhanced tissue imaging by MALDI-MS[J]. Chem Sci, 2015, 6: 729-738., articleTitle=Matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) for enhanced tissue imaging by MALDI-MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088059454202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=1865, issue=null, pageStart=755, pageEnd=767, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, et al. Metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging using matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF)[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, 2017, 1865: 755-767., articleTitle=Metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging using matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088189477635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1002/jms.3728, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=51, issue=null, pageStart=86, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=J Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, et al. The use of matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) to enhance mass spectrometric imaging of human prostate cancer biomarkers[J]. J Mass Spectrom, 2016, 51: 86-95., articleTitle=The use of matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) to enhance mass spectrometric imaging of human prostate cancer biomarkers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088298529543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00670, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=90, issue=null, pageStart=8742, pageEnd=8749, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tucker LH, Conde-Gonzalez A, Cobice D, et al. MALDI matrix application utilizing a modified 3D printer for accessible high resolution mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 8742-8749., articleTitle=MALDI matrix application utilizing a modified 3D printer for accessible high resolution mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088403387149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05071, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=4066, pageEnd=4074, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=La Rocca R, Kune C, Tiquet M, et al. Adaptive pixel mass recalibration for mass spectrometry imaging based on locally endogenous biological signals[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 4066-4074., articleTitle=Adaptive pixel mass recalibration for mass spectrometry imaging based on locally endogenous biological signals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088495661839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=84, issue=null, pageStart=1310, pageEnd=1319, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fonville JM, Carter C, Cloarec O, et al. A robust data processing and normalization strategy for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2012, 84: 1310-1319., articleTitle=A robust data processing and normalization strategy for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088592130835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01792, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=10584, pageEnd=10592, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Boskamp T, Casadonte R, Hauberg-Lotte L, et al. Cross-normalization of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging data improves site-to-site reproducibility[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 10584-10592., articleTitle=Cross-normalization of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging data improves site-to-site reproducibility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088684405526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1073/pnas.1423101112, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=112, issue=null, pageStart=9978, pageEnd=9983, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Calligaris D, Feldman DR, Norton I, et al. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging analysis of pituitary adenomas for near-real-time tumor delineation[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015, 112: 9978-9983., articleTitle=MALDI mass spectrometry imaging analysis of pituitary adenomas for near-real-time tumor delineation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088789263130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/bty909, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=null, pageStart=1940, pageEnd=1947, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioinformatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Leuschner J, Schmidt M, Fernsel P, et al. Supervised non-negative matrix factorization methods for MALDI imaging applications[J]. Bioinformatics, 2019, 35: 1940-1947., articleTitle=Supervised non-negative matrix factorization methods for MALDI imaging applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088885732126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btx724, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=34, issue=null, pageStart=1215, pageEnd=1223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioinformatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Behrmann J, Etmann C, Boskamp T, et al. Deep learning for tumor classification in imaging mass spectrometry[J]. Bioinformatics, 2018, 34: 1215-1223., articleTitle=Deep learning for tumor classification in imaging mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702088973812513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.3390/cancers13215388, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=5388, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=Cancers (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mittal P, Condina MR, Klingler-Hoffmann M, et al. Cancer tissue classification using supervised machine learning applied to MALDI mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13: 5388., articleTitle=Cancer tissue classification using supervised machine learning applied to MALDI mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702089078670116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0189305, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=e0189305, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guran R, Vanickova L, Horak V, et al. MALDI MSI of MeLiM melanoma: searching for differences in protein profiles[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12: e0189305., articleTitle=MALDI MSI of MeLiM melanoma: searching for differences in protein profiles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090215326506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0154837, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=e0154837, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Paine MR, Kim J, Bennett RV, et al. Whole reproductive system non-negative matrix factorization mass spectrometry imaging of an early-stage ovarian cancer mouse model[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11: e0154837., articleTitle=Whole reproductive system non-negative matrix factorization mass spectrometry imaging of an early-stage ovarian cancer mouse model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090303406891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01155, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=67, issue=null, pageStart=13470, pageEnd=13477, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=J Agric Food Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bednarz H, Roloff N, Niehaus K. Mass spectrometry imaging of the spatial and temporal localization of alkaloids in nightshades[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2019, 67: 13470-13477., articleTitle=Mass spectrometry imaging of the spatial and temporal localization of alkaloids in nightshades, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090374710063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04256, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=null, pageStart=1677, pageEnd=1685, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sarycheva A, Grigoryev A, Sidorchuk D, et al. Structure-preserving and perceptually consistent approach for visualization of mass spectrometry imaging datasets[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 1677-1685., articleTitle=Structure-preserving and perceptually consistent approach for visualization of mass spectrometry imaging datasets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090462790450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.08.018, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=1865, issue=null, pageStart=946, pageEnd=956, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lotz JM, Hoffmann F, Lotz J, et al. Integration of 3D multimodal imaging data of a head and neck cancer and advanced feature recognition[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, 2017, 1865: 946-956., articleTitle=Integration of 3D multimodal imaging data of a head and neck cancer and advanced feature recognition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090542482230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.11.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=1865, issue=null, pageStart=875, pageEnd=890, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Le Rhun E, Duhamel M, Wisztorski M, et al. Evaluation of non-supervised MALDI mass spectrometry imaging combined with microproteomics for glioma grade Ⅲ classification[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, 2017, 1865: 875-890., articleTitle=Evaluation of non-supervised MALDI mass spectrometry imaging combined with microproteomics for glioma grade Ⅲ classification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090617979706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac401420z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=11189, pageEnd=11195, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alexandrov T, Chernyavsky I, Becker M, et al. Analysis and interpretation of imaging mass spectrometry data by clustering mass-to-charge images according to their spatial similarity[J]. Anal Chem, 2013, 85: 11189-11195., articleTitle=Analysis and interpretation of imaging mass spectrometry data by clustering mass-to-charge images according to their spatial similarity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090735420222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00854, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=6206, pageEnd=6216, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abdelmoula WM, Regan MS, Lopez BGC, et al. Automatic 3D nonlinear registration of mass spectrometry imaging and magnetic resonance imaging data[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 6206-6216., articleTitle=Automatic 3D nonlinear registration of mass spectrometry imaging and magnetic resonance imaging data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090844472129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05827, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=5706, pageEnd=5714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Smets T, Verbeeck N, Claesen M, et al. Evaluation of distance metrics and spatial autocorrelation in uniform manifold approximation and projection applied to mass spectrometry imaging data[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 5706-5714., articleTitle=Evaluation of distance metrics and spatial autocorrelation in uniform manifold approximation and projection applied to mass spectrometry imaging data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702090945135428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.030, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=1015, issue=null, pageStart=50, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chim Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He J, Huang L, Tian R, et al. MassImager: a software for interactive and in-depth analysis of mass spectrometry imaging data[J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2018, 1015: 50-57., articleTitle=MassImager: a software for interactive and in-depth analysis of mass spectrometry imaging data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091029021512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.068, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=1077, issue=null, pageStart=183, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chim Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang L, Mao X, Sun C, et al. A graphical data processing pipeline for mass spectrometry imaging-based spatially resolved metabolomics on tumor heterogeneity[J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2019, 1077: 183-190., articleTitle=A graphical data processing pipeline for mass spectrometry imaging-based spatially resolved metabolomics on tumor heterogeneity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091108713292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1255/ejms.1445, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=229, pageEnd=233, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Marszalek-Grabska M, Antolak A, et al. Comparison of two freely available software packages for mass spectrometry imaging data analysis using brains from morphine addicted rats[J]. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester), 2016, 22: 229-233., articleTitle=Comparison of two freely available software packages for mass spectrometry imaging data analysis using brains from morphine addicted rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091196793677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.ijms.2013.12.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=362, issue=null, pageStart=40, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=Int J Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Klinkert I, Chughtai K, Ellis SR, et al. Methods for full resolution data exploration and visualization for large 2D and 3D mass spectrometry imaging datasets[J]. Int J Mass Spectrom, 2014, 362: 40-47., articleTitle=Methods for full resolution data exploration and visualization for large 2D and 3D mass spectrometry imaging datasets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091268096848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=89, issue=null, pageStart=5818, pageEnd=5823, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Raad M, de Rond T, Rübel O, et al. OpenMSI arrayed analysis toolkit: analyzing spatially defined samples using mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2017, 89: 5818-5823., articleTitle=OpenMSI arrayed analysis toolkit: analyzing spatially defined samples using mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091347788626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1007/s13361-017-1809-6, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=29, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bokhart MT, Nazari M, Garrard KP, et al. MSiReader v1.0: evolving open-source mass spectrometry imaging software for targeted and untargeted analyses[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2018, 29: 8-16., articleTitle=MSiReader v1.0: evolving open-source mass spectrometry imaging software for targeted and untargeted analyses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091456840535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btv146, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=2418, pageEnd=2420, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=Bioinformatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bemis KD, Harry A, Eberlin LS, et al. Cardinal: an R package for statistical analysis of mass spectrometry-based imaging experiments[J]. Bioinformatics, 2015, 31: 2418-2420., articleTitle=Cardinal: an R package for statistical analysis of mass spectrometry-based imaging experiments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091515560791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1038/s41467-021-23461-w, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=3241, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo G, Papanicolaou M, Demarais NJ, et al. Automated annotation and visualisation of high-resolution spatial proteomic mass spectrometry imaging data using HIT-MAP[J]. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 3241., articleTitle=Automated annotation and visualisation of high-resolution spatial proteomic mass spectrometry imaging data using HIT-MAP, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091591058266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=6266, pageEnd=6274, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Barry JA, Ait-Belkacem R, Hardesty WM, et al. Multicenter validation study of quantitative imaging mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 6266-6274., articleTitle=Multicenter validation study of quantitative imaging mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091679138654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03369, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=94, issue=null, pageStart=1990, pageEnd=1998, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hahm TH, Matsui T, Tanaka M. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of tissues via the formation of reproducible matrix crystals by the fluorescence-assisted spraying method: a quantification approach[J]. Anal Chem, 2022, 94: 1990-1998., articleTitle=Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of tissues via the formation of reproducible matrix crystals by the fluorescence-assisted spraying method: a quantification approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091767219040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/ac302960j, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=1081, pageEnd=1089, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pirman DA, Reich RF, Kiss A, et al. Quantitative MALDI tandem mass spectrometric imaging of cocaine from brain tissue with a deuterated internal standard[J]. Anal Chem, 2013, 85: 1081-1089., articleTitle=Quantitative MALDI tandem mass spectrometric imaging of cocaine from brain tissue with a deuterated internal standard, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091851105122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04409, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=88, issue=null, pageStart=2392, pageEnd=2398, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chumbley CW, Reyzer ML, Allen JL, et al. Absolute quantitative MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: a case of rifampicin in liver tissues[J]. Anal Chem, 2016, 88: 2392-2398., articleTitle=Absolute quantitative MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: a case of rifampicin in liver tissues, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702091930796900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04148, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=14198, pageEnd=14202, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Havlikova J, Randall EC, Griffiths RL, et al. Quantitative imaging of proteins in tissue by stable isotope labeled mimetic liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 14198-14202., articleTitle=Quantitative imaging of proteins in tissue by stable isotope labeled mimetic liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702092031460200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.035, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=75, issue=null, pageStart=4952, pageEnd=4961, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=null, journalName=J Proteomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hamm G, Bonnel D, Legouffe R, et al. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of propranolol and olanzapine using tissue extinction calculation as normalization factor[J]. J Proteomics, 2012, 75: 4952-4961., articleTitle=Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of propranolol and olanzapine using tissue extinction calculation as normalization factor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702092102763370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.005, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=179, issue=null, pageStart=230, pageEnd=237, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=null, journalName=Talanta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo Z, He J, He J, et al. Quantitative analysis of drug distribution by ambient mass spectrometry imaging method with signal extinction normalization strategy and inkjet-printing technology[J]. Talanta, 2018, 179: 230-237., articleTitle=Quantitative analysis of drug distribution by ambient mass spectrometry imaging method with signal extinction normalization strategy and inkjet-printing technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702092195038061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04762, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=2838, pageEnd=2846, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=88, authorNames=null, journalName=Anal Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song X, He J, Pang X, et al. Virtual calibration quantitative mass spectrometry imaging for accurately mapping analytes across heterogenous biotissue[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 2838-2846., articleTitle=Virtual calibration quantitative mass spectrometry imaging for accurately mapping analytes across heterogenous biotissue, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1198702092266341231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, doi=10.7150/thno.41763, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=2621, pageEnd=2630, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[90], rfOrder=89, authorNames=null, journalName=Theranostics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Du Q, Song X, et al. Evaluation of the tumor-targeting efficiency and intratumor heterogeneity of anticancer drugs using quantitative mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Theranostics, 2020, 10: 2621-2630., articleTitle=Evaluation of the tumor-targeting efficiency and intratumor heterogeneity of anticancer drugs using quantitative mass spectrometry imaging, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1198702078735515996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, awardId=21974152, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(21974152), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702070120416024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702070128804633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702070120416024, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702070145581850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702070120416024, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1198702077103931583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Qiloln7BiYf3sQyha0QqsQ==, figureFileBig=vHvxBwWRscKQEbnZAl8Liw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702077284286674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Bibliometric cluster analysis of keywords related to mass spectrometry imaging , figureFileSmall=Qiloln7BiYf3sQyha0QqsQ==, figureFileBig=vHvxBwWRscKQEbnZAl8Liw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702077468836073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/uzX+HiGDY5TfsnZIXeH7w==, figureFileBig=bsR4TPQ+aQmCfELMdQ8nkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702077611442419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= A typical matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) experiment workflow. The tissue was sectioned and fixed on indium tin oxide glass slides and then coated with matrix in the sample-preparation procedure. MS spectra were then acquired by the MALDI instrument. Raw spectra were preprocessed and visualized. Reprinted with permission from reference<sup>[<a href="javascript:;" class="mag_content_a" onclick="piaofuRef(this,'b6')" rid="b6">6</a>]</sup>, copyright@ John Wiley and Sons , figureFileSmall=/uzX+HiGDY5TfsnZIXeH7w==, figureFileBig=bsR4TPQ+aQmCfELMdQ8nkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702077745660163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mILpMTWm5DxCEtnrSdh9Ow==, figureFileBig=Y+hO8OrEEEQlwm/si35S6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702077888266509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Results of MALDI-MSI in positive ionization mode after coating with DHB in mouse brain cryo-section. Average mass spectrum of the whole brain, coated matrix by the humidifier or ImagePrep (A). Optical image of the H & E-stained whole brain (B) and cerebellum (E). RGB ion images of the whole brain coated matrix by the humidifier (C) and ImagePrep (D) in 100 µm spatial resolution and the cerebellum coated matrix by the humidifier (F) and ImagePrep (G) in 20 µm spatial resolution. For RGB ion images in this figure, red: PI-Cer (d40∶0), <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 866.6; green: PC (40∶6), <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 872.6; blue: PC (36∶4), <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> = 820.5. Reprinted with permission from reference<sup>[<a href="javascript:;" class="mag_content_a" onclick="piaofuRef(this,'b50')" rid="b50">50</a>]</sup>, copyright@ American Chemical Society , figureFileSmall=mILpMTWm5DxCEtnrSdh9Ow==, figureFileBig=Y+hO8OrEEEQlwm/si35S6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078001512729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TzK+l99g/GmvjGUVQGKmjg==, figureFileBig=LReBY0vjaSp1wgV3FXiHqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078131536170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Results of the analysis of the MALDI-MSI dataset of the coronal section of the rat brain, following the proposed method for clustering <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> images into 10 clusters based on spatial similarity. Cluster-averaged images represent detected spatial patterns (A). Dataset-averaged spectrum assigned <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> values to the clusters (B). Visualization of <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> images in the space of their two first principal components (C). Intracluster variances, the numbers on the top of the bars represent cluster sizes (D). Optical image of the section with anatomical annotation was provided (E). Reprinted with permission from reference<sup>[<a href="javascript:;" class="mag_content_a" onclick="piaofuRef(this,'b71')" rid="b71">71</a>]</sup>, copyright@ American Chemical Society , figureFileSmall=TzK+l99g/GmvjGUVQGKmjg==, figureFileBig=LReBY0vjaSp1wgV3FXiHqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1198702078269948215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Matrice Structural formula Molecular formula Ion mode Application Ref.
2-(Methyl amino) benzoic acid C8H9NO2 +, - Lipid, protein [36]
3, 4-Dimethoxy cinnamic acid C11H12O4 + Lipid, peptide, metabolite [37]
Caffeic acid C9H8O4 + Protein [38]
N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine C16H13N Free fatty acid, amino acid, phospholipid [39]
3-Aminophthal hydrazide C8H7N3O2 +, - Nucleotide, fatty acid, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid [40]
N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride C12H16Cl2N2 Glucose, fatty acid [41]
N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate C12H16N4O6 Oligosaccharide, peptide, metabolite [42]
), ArticleFig(id=1198702078399971653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The structure information of new matrices for MALDI-MSI in recent years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Matrice Structural formula Molecular formula Ion mode Application Ref.
2-(Methyl amino) benzoic acid C8H9NO2 +, - Lipid, protein [36]
3, 4-Dimethoxy cinnamic acid C11H12O4 + Lipid, peptide, metabolite [37]
Caffeic acid C9H8O4 + Protein [38]
N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine C16H13N Free fatty acid, amino acid, phospholipid [39]
3-Aminophthal hydrazide C8H7N3O2 +, - Nucleotide, fatty acid, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid [40]
N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride C12H16Cl2N2 Glucose, fatty acid [41]
N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate C12H16N4O6 Oligosaccharide, peptide, metabolite [42]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1788948913902, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Y, firstLetterEn=Y, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509553505227679, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国药学会、中国医学科学院药物研究所, publishedBy=《药学学报》编辑委员会编辑出版, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914171, updatedTime=1788948914171, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509553559753632, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914184, updatedTime=1788948914184, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=Y, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1673452800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
MALDI质谱成像中的关键技术探讨及其研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
覃露媛 1 , 王闯 1, 2 , 徐斌 1 , 郭磊 1, * , 谢剑炜 1
药学学报 | 综述 2023,58(1): 63-75
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 |综述 2023 , 58 (1) : 63 -75
MALDI质谱成像中的关键技术探讨及其研究进展
全屏
[Author(id=1198702070292382503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702070506292026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070292382503, language=EN, stringName=Lu-yuan QIN, firstName=Lu-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702070682452810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070292382503, language=CN, stringName=覃露媛, firstName=露媛, middleName=null, lastName=覃, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])]), Author(id=1198702070833447771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702070997025642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070833447771, language=EN, stringName=Chuang WANG, firstName=Chuang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702071152214907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702070833447771, language=CN, stringName=王闯, firstName=闯, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850
2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)]), AuthorCompany(id=1198702070120416024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702070128804633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702070120416024, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702070145581850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702070120416024, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1198702071332569993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702072460837780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702071332569993, language=EN, stringName=Bin XU, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702072657970084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702071332569993, language=CN, stringName=徐斌, firstName=斌, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])]), Author(id=1198702072792187825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=guolei@bmi.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073106760642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702072792187825, language=EN, stringName=Lei GUO, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073287115729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702072792187825, language=CN, stringName=郭磊, firstName=磊, middleName=null, lastName=郭, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])]), Author(id=1198702073475859430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073626854380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702073475859430, language=EN, stringName=Jian-wei XIE, firstName=Jian-wei, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1198702073773655030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, authorId=1198702073475859430, language=CN, stringName=谢剑炜, firstName=剑炜, middleName=null, lastName=谢, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1198702069961032451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069973615365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1198702069982003975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1198622901005026072, companyId=1198702069961032451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850)])])]
覃露媛1, 王闯1, 2, 徐斌1, 郭磊1, * , 谢剑炜1
作者信息
  • 1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850
  • 2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081
通讯作者:
*郭磊, Tel: 86-10-66931650, E-mail:
Exploration and advance of key techniques in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging
Lu-yuan QIN1, Chuang WANG1, 2, Bin XU1, Lei GUO1, * , Jian-wei XIE1
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2023-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981
文章导航
收藏切换

基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, MALDI-MSI) 是一种新型的无标记、快速、高通量的成像技术, 具有非靶向全分析型的数据通量及靶向分析的高准确性, 在组织表面的药物、代谢产物、多肽及蛋白质等多种生物分子空间分布分析方面发展迅速。适当的样品制备方法是获取高灵敏度、高空间分辨率、稳定性好的MSI响应的核心前提, 灵活多样的数据处理手段则有助于挖掘非靶向数据, 实现可视化示踪、空间分布、多指标应用等需求, 利于揭示数据下的科学规律。本文简要总结了MALDI-MSI中的样品制备流程、数据处理和可视化中的关键技术研究进展, 详细阐述了关键技术特征、难点及可能的解决方案。

基质辅助激光解吸电离  /  质谱成像  /  样品制备  /  数据分析  /  应用进展

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a new imaging technique with label-free, rapid, and high throughput features. It has bloomed in the analysis on the spatial distribution of biomolecules such as drugs, metabolites, peptides and proteins on the tissue surface in virtue of providing high data throughput from non-targeted full analysis and high accuracy from targeted analysis. The acquisition of MSI signal response with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and good stability is directly depended on the appropriate sample preparation approaches, and flexible and various data processing tools will help the non-target data mining to meet the demands of visualization, spatial distribution and multiple index applications so as to reveal the scientific rules beneath the data. This review briefly summarizes the key advances in MALDI-MSI from aspects of sample preparation procedures, data processing and visualization. It also illustrates the characteristics, difficulties and probable solutions derived from these key techniques.

matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization  /  mass spectrometry imaging  /  sample preparation  /  data analysis  /  application advance
覃露媛, 王闯, 徐斌, 郭磊, 谢剑炜. MALDI质谱成像中的关键技术探讨及其研究进展. 药学学报, 2023 , 58 (1) : 63 -75 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981
Lu-yuan QIN, Chuang WANG, Bin XU, Lei GUO, Jian-wei XIE. Exploration and advance of key techniques in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2023 , 58 (1) : 63 -75 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981
生命科学领域长期致力发展高分辨率、多维度及多模态的生物成像技术, 以精确了解重要生物活性分子或药物分子等在组织、细胞上的时空分布、构成等系统变化信息。与常用的免疫组化、荧光标记成像技术相比, 新型可视化技术—质谱成像(mass spectrometry imaging, MSI) 将质谱技术和分子成像技术相结合, 以基于结构的分子量信息为检测指标, 无需事先对分析物进行免疫或荧光标记, 结果准确度和易操作性显著提高。MSI利用激光或离子束使组织表面分子离子化后检测其质荷比, 所获得的质谱数据再转化成对应像素点, 并重构出多种分子在组织表面的空间分布情况[1], 是一种有力的非靶向分析工具[2]。近年来MSI已经成为质谱分析领域的前沿和热点之一[3]
以MSI为关键词对Web of science核心合集和CNKI数据库下的MSI相关文献进行检索(2022年5月5日), 中英文文献合并整理后得到5 152篇文献, 使用文献计量学软件VOSviewer[4]对关键词进行聚类分析, 结果如图 1
设置出现频次大于10的关键词, 合并、筛选、整理后得到354个关键词和6个聚类: 聚类Ⅰ集中于脂质组学研究; 聚类Ⅱ集中于蛋白质组学、生物标志物、肿瘤等应用层面的研究; 聚类Ⅲ集中于基质辅助激光解吸电离(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, MALDI)、纳米材料、小分子方面的应用研究; 聚类Ⅳ主要集中在代谢组学研究; 聚类Ⅴ集中在新型离子化技术及定量分析方法; 聚类Ⅵ则集中于数据分析及数据挖掘研究。
从聚类结果看, MSI涵盖了从小分子到多肽、蛋白质大分子的检测, 已广泛应用于代谢组学、脂质组学、蛋白质组学等多组学研究。而MALDI、二次离子质谱以及解吸电喷雾电离等离子化技术交叉汇通、紧密联系。MALDI技术出现频次最高, 提示其在MSI领域中最为常用。MALDI-MSI与生物标志物发现、蛋白质组学等多个不同应用领域联系最为紧密。
近年来, MALDI-飞行时间(time of flight, TOF) 质谱仪仪器和器件的不断发展也促使和保证了MALDI-MSI进一步快速、高通量获取高分辨率数据, 具备更高灵敏度和更宽范围化合物的检测能力。例如布鲁克公司2019年上市的timsTOF fleX质谱仪, 配备10 kHz SmartBeamTM 3D激光器, 空间分辨率最高达10 μm; 2020年又升级配备了最新的MALDI-2后电离技术, 改善了离子化效率, 可使响应强度增加1~3个数量级。
2021年, 沃特世公司发布的SELECT SERIES MRT高分辨率质谱仪利用多反射飞行时间质谱技术、优化的解吸电喷雾电离源和新型高性能MALDI成像离子源, 集高速、高分辨率(高达200 000 FWHM) 和高质量精度于一身。其MALDI离子源采用紧密聚焦的激光束, 提供15 μm的横向分辨率, 数据采集速率 > 10像素/秒, 成像性能显著提高。SimulTOF Systems公司评估了一台线性/反射模式的MALDI-MSI仪器, 其采用新的激光光学器件, 可在电脑控制下产生直径为2.5~25 μm的5 kHz激光束, 实现样品相对于激光束的快速运动(20 mm·s-1)、高电离效率(高达50%) 以及高速采集处理保存谱图(1 000 s-1)[5]
典型的MALDI-MSI工作流程分为三个主要步骤, 即样品制备、MS数据采集、数据处理与可视化, 如图 2[6]所示。重复可靠的工作流程、关键技术的优化和固化是保证数据真实性、准确获取组织切片中分析物丰度和分布信息的基本前提, 本综述分阶段论述了MALDI-MSI中关键技术对MSI的影响及其研究进展。
在组织切片制备过程中, 需确保切片形貌完整性及其质量稳定性和准确性, 防止组织切片表面分子移位或降解, 因此, 针对不同类型组织切片, 需充分考虑其水分及脂肪含量、硬度、韧度等。石蜡切片可实现较长时期内组织形态的良好保存, 但其固定、包埋过程及适配于MSI分析时的清洗、脱蜡等处理均可能使分析物扩散或损失, 因此, 冰冻组织切片成为MSI分析中的首选。冰冻组织切片时, 需要注意温度(-5~-25 ℃)、切片厚度(5~20 μm) 等条件, 对于高纤维致密组织、高脂肪质软组织, 需适当降低切片温度至-35 ℃左右, 并将切片厚度增加6~8 μm[7], 方可获得理想切片效果。
与动物组织相比, 由于植物组织通常并不具有结缔结构, 且其基本结构组成具有细胞壁和液泡, 含水量较高, 在冰冻组织切片制备过程中极易形成冰晶, 易破碎, 因此难以制备结构完整的组织切片。最近一篇有关芦笋可视化分析MSI研究提供的真空密封袋冷冻法[8]采用高压冷冻原理, 高压冷冻过程中水的熔点降低, 黏度增加, 较好地抑制冰晶形成, 或可成为一种较好保持植物组织形态的简单易用方法。在植物组织切片的制备中, 对于形状规则、硬度中等的根、茎、果实等, 一般可直接进行切片制备; 而对于薄而脆弱的叶子和花瓣等, 其冰冻组织切片制备仍然具有挑战性, 目前常通过使用包埋剂, 如超纯水、明胶、羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 和黄芪胶等以保持组织切片的完整性。
Li等[9]对薄且富含水分的银杏叶进行MALDI-MSI分析时, 以5种不同亲水性内源性代谢物的离域性为评价指标, 发现冰为包埋剂时图像失真且分析物明显离域, 与冰在解冻时形成了较大水滴相关; 使用CMC为包埋剂时, 对于亲水性成分的分析结果仍不理想; 而使用明胶时分析物离域最低。变性白蛋白背景干扰低且易处理, 可以作为一种理想的植物叶片适用性组织切片包埋剂, Bøgeskov Schmidt等[10]针对百脉根叶, 使用变性白蛋白作为包埋剂, 顺利获得了氰苷类物质的空间分布。He等[11]首次提出了一种基于高正电荷型的生物黏附性水凝胶—聚左旋赖氨酸的组织包埋方法, 并应用于马兜铃根部中马兜铃酸的分析, 与明胶相比, 该包埋既提供了完整组织形态, 还减少了背景干扰, 获得了高质量的成像结果。该法或可为干燥易脆植物组织的MALDI-MSI分析提供一种替代方案。
过去十年中, 临床和法医研究领域开始重视骨、牙齿等硬组织样本研究, 但由于组织脆性和绝缘性, 其切片制备具有较高难度。近期Lee等[12]发展了明胶涂层ITO载玻片法, 在ITO载玻片预先涂覆明胶和十二水合硫酸铬钾后, 提高了人骨关节炎软骨组织石蜡切片的黏附性, 同时提高了N-聚糖的信号强度, 较好保持了硬组织和富含胶原组织的良好形态。Vandenbosch等[13]发现20%明胶和7.5% CMC混合作为包埋剂对未脱钙骨组织的支撑效果最佳, 同时骨组织须用碳化钨刀纵向切割, 切片需用双面胶带支撑, 从而保持组织形态。
对于易脆组织或面积较大的整体组织, 特种碳胶带、铜、铝等导电胶带亦可发挥优良效用, 可节省导电ITO玻片作为承载物需要另行增加黏附手段的步骤。
生物组织中高丰度且易电离的物质会极大抑制低丰度物质的检测, 例如, 盐和脂质均会干扰蛋白质和多肽的MSI分析[14], 还会导致切片上的基质结晶不均匀并形成“甜点”效应。因此, 组织切片制备完成后、基质喷涂前, 需使用有机溶剂清洗切片以消除干扰。良好的清洗条件是MSI成功分析的重要步骤之一。
常用于清洗的有机溶剂为乙醇[15]或异丙醇[16]。使用乙醇进行清洗可以增强多肽检测的离子响应, 提高灵敏度[17]。但需注意可能同时去除了一些极性高的多肽[18]。90%乙醇、9%冰乙酸和1%水作为清洗溶剂时可增强原位酶解的胰蛋白酶肽响应强度[19]。使用异丙醇、冰乙酸, 甚至甲苯、氯仿等脂溶性溶剂, 或者使用Carnoy's试剂等在内的多重步骤清洗法, 可以提高组织切片中蛋白质的灵敏度[20]。Rešetar Maslov等[16]针对干腌火腿样品中的肽类分布, 系统优化了MSI中样品的制备流程。在17种清洗方法中, 使用异丙醇进行梯度洗脱, 在保证脱盐、脱脂的同时, 提高了肽类峰的响应值, 且喷涂基质后“甜点”效应明显改善, 基质均匀度增加。对于FFPE切片, 甲苯和二甲苯清洗是必要步骤[21]
与疾病病理学相关的低丰度信号分子—神经肽的MSI具有一定挑战, 分析前对组织切片进行适当清洗是增加可检测神经肽数量的快速有效策略。Buchberger等[22]发现50%乙醇对切片清洗10 s是神经肽的最佳洗涤条件, 此时34种神经肽响应增高, 3种神经肽响应持平, 6种疏水性较强的神经肽信号降低。提示在清洗过程中应关注分析物本身性质, 严格优化清洗程序和控制清洗时间, 防止过度清洗损失多肽。亦有研究表明适量的盐有助于神经肽的MALDI-MSI分析[23], Vu等[24]在甲壳类动物脑组织上应用含有磷酸钠盐的10%中性缓冲福尔马林溶液对组织切片清洗后, 可以检测到新的神经肽。
良好的清洗同样可有效增强药物小分子分析物的质谱响应。Chen等[25]用乙酸铵溶液(挥发性盐增强离子化效率)、三氟乙酸蒸汽孵育(对离子促进质子转移) 和正己烷(脱脂) 对组织切片连续清洗, 小鼠大脑中5种中枢神经系统碱性药物的质谱响应增加了4.7~31.5倍。
针对有机小分子基质在低分子量区域存在大量离子峰干扰的问题, 通过衍生化使小分子分析物转移到高质量区域是一种有效办法。2009年, Franck等[26]首次将衍生化应用到MALDI-MSI中, 证明了衍生化能够有效改善蛋白质“自下而上”的成像分析效果。另外, 可通过衍生化上高响应的质谱标签, 增加低极性、低离子化效率的小分子的灵敏度, 以及选择性标记功能基团, 提高特异性; 因此, 组织原位化学衍生化(on-tissue chemical derivatization, OTCD) 技术在MSI中的发展较为迅速。但与溶液中的化学衍生化相比, 目前OTCD还面临着衍生化效率较低、过量衍生化试剂干扰、额外喷涂步骤造成组织切片离域等问题和挑战, 近年来已有针对上述问题的初步成功尝试。
Sun等[27]合成了一种新型的衍生化试剂N, N, N-三甲基-2-(哌嗪-1-基)乙烷-1-碘化胺, 成功检测到大鼠肾组织中包括5种三羧酸循环中间体、20种脂肪酸和3种胆汁酸在内的28种含羧基代谢物, 通入乙腈蒸汽可进一步提高衍生化效率。提示MALDI-MSI原位分析含羧基代谢物时, 向其结构中引入季铵基团时, 有利于多种含羧基代谢物及其代谢途径相关的代谢物如肉碱、胆碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、磷脂等的同时分析。
Zang等[28]开发了一种水凝胶辅助化学衍生化的方法, 将吉拉德试剂PP加入到15%明胶中形成对羰基化合物具有反应性的衍生化凝胶块后, 直接将凝胶块覆盖于组织表面2 h即可实现OTCD, 通过空气动力辅助解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像技术在大鼠脑、肾和肝组织中检测出了通常难以检测的羰基代谢物, 包括166种脂肪醛和100种氧化脂肪酸。水凝胶块为衍生化反应提供了有利的液体微环境, 减少了衍生化试剂和组织的基质效应, 且不会造成分析物的离域, OTCD效率大为提高。
MALDI-MSI中蛋白质的定位多通过原位酶解后多肽片段的空间位置来可视化并合理推测其丰度。组合使用多种蛋白酶有助于提高蛋白序列覆盖率[29]。Heijs等[30]比较了胰蛋白酶、赖氨酰内切酶(Lys-C)、赖氨酸特异性金属内肽酶(Lys-N)、梭菌蛋白酶(Arg-C) 以及胰蛋白酶和Lys-C混合物的酶解结果, 共识别出5 337种多肽, 对应于1 198种蛋白质; 与单独使用胰蛋白酶相比, 多肽和蛋白质数量分别增加了179%和110%。
Djidja等[31]提出, 一些表面活性剂如辛基葡萄糖苷等去垢剂可以破坏细胞膜, 暴露出组蛋白, 提高酶解效率, 从而提高其检测鉴定效果。此外, Schober等[32]建议应充分重视和选择合适的缓冲液体系, 与Tris-HCl相比, 以NH4HCO3为缓冲液体系时, 酶解与后续的基质喷涂具有更高相容性。
除直接通过喷雾法将蛋白酶沉积到组织上外, 还可通过蛋白酶膜的电印迹法实现原位酶解, Andrews等[33]通过含有胰蛋白酶膜的电印迹方法进行原位酶解, 从小鼠脑组织切片中主动提取和酶切蛋白质, 与直接在组织表面沉积胰蛋白酶相比, 多检测鉴定到4条新肽段, 且有效避免了自切产物导致的离子抑制效应, 同时还能选择性捕获蛋白, 从而降低组织微环境的复杂性; 此外, 可在印迹装置中添加不同功能的膜达到去除脂质等需求。
对于植物组织切片, 不同水解酶的合理运用有助于提取分析物信息。例如, 针对小麦和大麦种子, 首先以淀粉酶水解淀粉以去除干扰, 再以木聚糖酶或地衣酶进行原位酶解后喷涂基质, 可便捷获得谷物细胞壁的主要成分—阿拉伯木聚糖和(1→3), (1→4)-β-葡聚糖在整个胚乳范围内的结构异质性图像[34]
需根据分析物的种类、分子量及性质等选择不同基质。将小分子有机酸基质组合使用或可成为更有效策略, 例如, 对于蒺藜苜蓿根瘤中的内源性多肽, α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸(CHCA) 为基质时鉴定到了164条多肽, 2, 5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB) 为基质时鉴定到97条, 二者的交集仅为16条[35]
此外, 近年来还发展了一些MSI中的新型有机基质, Huang等[36]在碱性条件下将CH3I加入邻氨基苯甲酸中形成了新型基质2-(氨甲基) 苯甲酸, 同时具有酸性和碱性基团, 实现了小鼠脑组织的正离子和负离子成像分析, 与传统基质相比可检测到更多脂质和蛋白质种类。He等[37]发现了3, 4-二甲氧基肉桂酸, 其呈现微米级结晶尺寸、形态均一性好、离子化效率高、背景干扰少, 已用于大鼠肝脏、脑和红豆杉种子三种组织切片中内源性低分子量代谢物(m/z < 500 Da) 的MSI分析。Liu等[38]首次将咖啡酸作为MALDI-MSI的基质, 与阿魏酸和芥子酸相比, 咖啡酸在大鼠鼠脑、马槟榔和发芽大豆种子三种组织切片中有效增强了内源性蛋白质的原位检测和成像。
聂宗秀团队[39]发现了一种可用于游离脂肪酸、氨基酸和磷脂等小分子代谢物成像的新型基质N-苯基-2-萘胺, 它具有成本低、化学性质稳定、在低分子量范围(m/z < 500) 内干扰小等优点, 在大脑中动脉栓塞大鼠脑组织的小分子成像分析中得到很好的应用。Li等[40]将3-氨基苯二甲酰肼作为一种双极性基质, 用于检测小鼠大脑中代谢物的空间分布, 与DHB、CHCA和9-氨基吖啶(9-AA) 相比, 3-氨基苯二甲酰肼灵敏度更高、分子覆盖范围更广、背景噪音更低。其他一些有机碱性化合物和有机盐类, 如盐酸萘乙二胺和硝酸萘乙二胺, 具有较强的耐盐性和氢键结合能力, 也成为小分子MSI的良好基质[41, 42]。这些新型基质的结构信息和适用范围总结于表 1
离子液体基质因其在真空条件下稳定、对各组分具有良好的溶解度、能与样品混合均匀、重现性好等优势, 已成功应用于MALDI-MSI的生物分子识别及定量分析[43, 44]。裴兴丽等[45]应用DHB/丁胺作为基质进行大豆和豆叶中寡糖的MSI分析, 获得了良好的线性, 改善了寡糖定量重复性。刘晓宁等[46]以离子液体DHB/N, N-二甲基苯胺为基质, 对桑叶表面和叶脉中各种不同小分子成分进行MSI分析, 获得了较好的重复性。此外, 纳米材料因其本身不易电离、高比表面积可用于某些类别化合物的高通量选择性分析等优势, 在MSI中发展迅速[47], 被称为免基质MSI, 主要包括碳纳米材料基质[48]、硅纳米材料基质和金属有机框架材料基质[49]等。
常用的基质喷涂法包括升华法、喷枪法、振动喷雾法、超声喷雾法、电喷雾法等。升华法无需有机溶剂, 可以一定程度减少分析物的离域, 但仅适用于易于升华的物质, 应用范围有限; 喷枪法利用液体混合空气产生喷雾, 使用油画喷枪即可实现, 简单、快速, 但受人为因素影响大, 均匀性和重复性差。
大多数的振动喷雾法均基于商业基质喷涂仪, 自动制备基质, 重复性好, 如HTXTM Sprayer通过独特的温控喷嘴技术产生液滴小于20 μm的基质喷雾, ImagePrep采用振动雾化技术可以获得粒径小于50 μm的雾滴, SunCollect通过优化的压缩喷雾发生器来产生极小液滴, 可以实现100~200 nm的CHCA晶体尺寸。有研究[50]开发了一种低成本的迷你加湿器基质喷涂装置, 通过超声雾化获得了直径低于10 μm的细小均匀基质结晶, 该装置廉价、简便快捷, 在小鼠脑组织内源性代谢物的MALDI-MSI检测中得到优良应用(图 3)。
何唯唯等[51]在蓖麻内源防御肽的MALDI-MSI分析中比较了三种雾化器的基质喷涂效果, 表明空气压缩喷雾器和超声微网喷雾器可以获得更小的喷雾液滴, 但ImagePrep可以获得更均匀的基质晶体, 重复性更高。
对于豆科植物中的代谢物成像, Gemperline等[52]发现使用DHB时, 与标准喷枪法相比, 基于商用仪器HTX自动喷涂系统的自动喷雾法可检测到的代谢物数量约可增加一倍, 且产生更高重现性及更少的分析物扩散。
电喷雾是一种可以获得极细微液滴的雾化技术, 在MALDI基质包埋过程中已获得良好的喷涂效果[53]。Wang等[54-56]开发了一种电喷雾基质喷涂装置, 与ImagePrep和喷枪法相比, 显著提高了脂类、多肽和蛋白质的响应强度, 获得了更高质量的成像图谱。Tucker等[57]将商业化3D打印机(浙江万豪模塑股份有限公司) 和质谱实验室常见的商用电喷雾器(德国布鲁克公司) 组装搭建了一种自动化基质喷涂设备, 其基质喷涂的x、y、z位置及基质喷涂速率由代码指令控制, x和y的位置即载玻片区域, z为喷雾器距离玻片的高度, 将优化条件应用于小鼠大脑中内源性类固醇的分析, 结果重复性好, 证明了3D打印平台实现精确位置控制对基质喷涂的有效性和应用潜力。
MSI数据集中产生了数千或数万张质谱图, 其数据预处理步骤主要包括基线校正、平滑去噪、寻峰、谱峰对齐、归一化等, 不同步骤根据实验需求可省略或以不同顺序进行。
由于仪器波动、实验误差等影响, 相同离子的质量和丰度在不同质谱图之间会存在偏差, 需要对其进行校准。一般可使用外标法或内标法来避免或减少质量偏移, 但外标法假定对每一像素进行均一校正, 导致偏差较大; 内标法则需获得系列内源性分子的确切质量, 通用性不强。近期, La Rocca等[58]开发了一种算法, 以数据自适应方式自动生成像素特定内部校准离子列表, 通过估计该质量偏移来单独重新校准每张谱图。针对METASPACE的31个公共MSI数据集, 该校准可显著增加注释数量, 从20个增加到400个附加的高置信度注释。
进行质谱峰丰度校准的方式则由丰度值归一化实现, 能最大程度减少谱图间峰强度的差异, 常用的归一化方法为将所有分子离子丰度除以总离子数的总离子计数法, 基于统计学又产生了如基于所有峰强度相对于参比谱图的中位数的倍数变化的概率熵归一化[59]、使用选定峰值计算归一化因子的丰度中值法等改进算法。最近, Boskamp等[60]进一步为胰蛋白酶肽的MSI谱图发展了交叉归一化方法, 内含基于谱峰强度完整分布的统计估计、非线性的质量依赖强度转换法两个步骤, 与模型驱动的重采样步骤相结合, 推动了不同实验室间和不同样品处理、采集步骤时数据比较的可行性。
监督学习主要用于数据的识别和分类。通过分类算法对不同组别样本进行训练并获得高准确率(> 80%甚至接近100%) 的模型, 再将模型应用于未知样本中以确定其类别。随机森林和支持向量机等不同算法已被用来获取和训练分类器, 如Calligaris等[61]通过将支持向量机和主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA) 算法相结合, 实现了人脑组织样本中非病理性的人脑垂体区、分泌性和非分泌性垂体腺瘤区三类不同的区域区分。
在MALDI-MSI分析中, 有监督的机器学习算法多被用于临床诊断, 实现肿瘤和非肿瘤组织的区分, 例如将非负矩阵分解方法应用于区分肺和胰腺肿瘤组织[62], 将深度神经网络应用于两种肺肿瘤亚型的分类[63]。Mittal等[64]通过使用基于深度神经网络的机器学习算法进行癌症诊断分类, 对302名结直肠癌和257名子宫内膜癌患者, 在平衡交叉验证中能以98%的总体准确率将结直肠癌组织和正常组织进行区分, 以80%的总体准确率预测子宫内膜癌原发性肿瘤的淋巴结转移。
无监督学习在没有任何先验知识的情况下, 旨在揭示普适性的数据结构, 寻找数据的趋势和相关性, 在MSI中主要用于非靶向数据挖掘。PCA是MSI分析中应用最广泛的成分分析和降维方法, 常用于生物数据分析和可视化, 此外还有概率潜在语义分析、独立成分分析、非负矩阵分解等, 这些方法可以在疾病与健康组织等不同的组织切片间提供差异更显著的可视化效果, 有利于寻找生物标志物, 为自动图像识别提供依据[65, 66], 也适用于特定种类内源性代谢物的空间定位与生理过程间的关系厘定[67]。Sarycheva等[68]比较了在高光谱和MSI数据可视化中广泛使用的各种降维算法, 包括PCA、独立成分分析、非负矩阵分解、t分布随机邻域嵌入、均匀流形近似和投影, 还提出了一种基于结构保持可视化与归一化光谱数据的非线性流形嵌入相结合的新方法, 用于黑猩猩和猕猴小脑切片各区域的清晰显示。
空间分割是通过聚类算法按照相似性对所有质谱数据进行自动分组实现的。层次聚类和k-均值聚类最为常用, 根据聚类分割图, 可以轻易识别和分辨不同的解剖学结构, 比如揭示肿瘤功能异质性和肿瘤区域在组织中的分布情况, 进行肿瘤分类等[69, 70]。此外, 可通过对离子图像进行聚类分析, 具有相似空间分布的m/z形成一个聚类, 如Alexandrov等[71]针对大鼠脑冠状切片的MALDI-MSI数据集进行聚类分析, 得到10组聚类(图 4AB), 不同的聚类分布于脑区的不同结构, PCA和方差分析也说明了聚类结果的可靠性(图 4CD)。
三维(3D) 图像重构通过将连续切片获得的图像进行组合, 可以提供亚细胞到整个生物体的横向和垂直分子信息。其成像数据量更高更复杂, 基于2D-MSI采集的连续切片和组织学, 通过特定算法组合和重建实现数据分析。除归一化、降噪、空间分割等处理过程外, 还要进行连续切片的配准。与PCA、PLSA等线性降维模型相比, 由于大多数生物模型本质上是非线性的, t-SNE等非线性降维模型不受维数限制, 可以从3D-MSI中获取更准确的子结构特征[72, 73]
MSI数据分析和可视化可通过商业软件、免费软件和开源软件等实现。商业软件一般成本较高, 沃特世、赛默飞、布鲁克等公司均为其成像仪器配备专用的MSI数据处理软件以支持不同的数据格式, 如布鲁克的SCiLS Lab, 集成多数据处理, 提供常见的数据预处理步骤以及单变量、多元统计分析; 还可通过有监督与无监督方法实现生物组织区域的聚类分割, 寻找生物标志物。再帕尔•阿不力孜团队与科迈恩(北京) 科技有限公司合作开发了一款通用型质谱成像数据处理工作站软件MassImager, 该软件支持ANDI、mzXML、Matlab和ASCII多种数据格式, 与爱博才思、赛默飞、沃特世和布鲁克公司的质谱仪兼容[74], 通过软件内置用于空间分辨代谢组学分析肿瘤微区异质性的数据处理通道, 实现了异质性肿瘤代谢研究中特异性生物标志物筛查[75]
免费软件包括BioMap、Datacube Explorer和OpenMSI等[76-78]。BioMap支持光学、正电子发射断层扫描、计算机断层扫描、MSI图像的可视化和各种不同图像的组合, 但缺乏典型的MS处理算法; Datacube Explorer可以实现2D和3D图像重构, 以及通过Kohonen映射算法对图像进行聚类分析。OpenMSI则提供了基于Web的MSI数据共享、可视化和分析方案。
常见的开源软件有MSiReader、Cardinal等, MSiReader是由Bokhart等[79]利用MATLAB开发的工具, 图形用户界面功能齐全, 可加载和可视化mzXML、imzML、Analyze7.5和ASCII在内不同格式的MSI数据, 支持基线校正、归一化等基本数据预处理功能, 还可以通过所选感兴趣区域中丰度最高的峰来自动提取特征; Cardinal是由Bemis等[80]开发的R语言软件包, 支持imzML和Analyze7.5两种格式导入数据, 无统一图形用户界面, 相关函数可以在R脚本文件中直接使用, 实现MSI数据预处理、分割、分类及图像可视化。网站https://ms-imaging.org/上另外汇集了多种开源的数据处理软件。最近, Guo等[81]发展和验证了一种开源生物信息学工作流程—HIT-MAP (MALDI-MSI蛋白质组学中的高分辨率信息学工具箱), 其使用肽质量指纹和双评分系统计算, 将肽和蛋白质注释分配给高质量分辨率MSI数据集, 并生成可定制的空间分布图。
MALDI-MSI越来越多地用于揭示组织中蛋白质、代谢物和药物的空间分布, 对于药物而言, 除空间分布外, 组织药物的准确定量能更好了解药物分子在开发过程中的药代动力学和药效学机制, 因此, MSI定量分析(qMSI) 也是近年来该领域关注的重点, 但由于组织异质性、基质效应及分析物提取效率低等因素, MSI定量分析仍具挑战性[82]
前期对样品制备关键技术参数进行优化是进行准确定量的基础, 近期Hahm等[83]开发了一种恒定基质质量的荧光辅助喷涂方法, 该法通过将荧光物质罗丹明6G (R6G) 加入基质中共同进行喷涂, 一方面通过荧光强度测定使R6G作为基质喷涂量的量化指标以控制重现性, 另一方面将其作为质谱数据归一化指标, 此外, 通过在基质中添加邻二硝基苯提高了基质结晶均匀性, 与常规通过固定循环次数的基质喷涂方式相比, 这种方法显著提高了重现性, 实现了大鼠肾脏组织切片中硝苯地平的准确定量。
在qMSI中, 常用方法包括稳定同位素标记内标(SILIS) 法和通过考虑组织消光系数或虚拟校正的无SILIS方法。SILIS较为普遍, 如Pirman等[84]通过使用氘代可卡因作为内标, 对脑组织切片中的可卡因进行了MALDI-qMSI分析, 通过SILIS, 提高了线性和重现性, MSI定量结果与LC-MS/MS定量结果基本一致。Chumbley等[85]结合SILIS法建立了肝组织中利福平的qMSI方法, 在给药动物肝组织利福平的qMSI测定中得到很好的应用, 可用于定量组织微环境中的局部药物浓度。Havlikova等[86]建立了一种SILIS的模拟组织模型, 通过将C13, N15-标记的泛素加入到大鼠和小鼠脑组织切片中, 实现对泛素的绝对定量, 该方法有望在组织中内源性蛋白质或蛋白类药物的绝对定量中得到广泛应用。
新发展的无SILIS方法在异质性组织的qMSI中显示了良好潜力, 为新药研发、疾病诊断和药物转化代谢研究提供了更准确可靠的可视化研究工具。Hamm等[87]预先将目标分子与基质的混合溶液喷涂至组织切片上, 通过计算组织区域强度与ITO玻片区域强度的比值建立组织消光系数(TEC) 作为补偿因子, 实现了对组织中普萘洛尔和奥氮平的准确定量。在TEC-qMSI基础上, Luo等[88]提出了一种信号消光系数(SEC) 作为归一化因子, 实现了抗肿瘤候选药物在心脏、大脑和肾脏组织中的定量测定。为进一步提高qMSI准确性, Song等[89]结合人工神经网络算法, 以内源性代谢物为天然内标, 建立了虚拟校正定量质谱成像(VC-qMSI)分析新方法。该方法通过待测物浓度与内源性代谢物之间的相对基质效应预测回归模型, 对像素点间基质效应进行校正, 实现了整体动物或异质性组织微区中药物的准确定量成像分析。Zhang等[90]利用VC-qMSI方法, 通过测定紫杉醇及其前药的含量变化评估了全身组织和肺癌异种移植模型中肿瘤治疗的药效。
MALDI-MSI无需复杂样品前处理就可以无损、快速、高通量以及高灵敏度地对组织中的药物、代谢产物、多肽、蛋白质等多种生物分子的空间分布和相对含量进行分析检测。近10年来随着高精度、高频率脉冲激光的出现和发展, 极大地缩短了成像采集时间(由数天到数小时甚至1 h以内)、提高了成像精度(由100~200 µm到5~10 µm), MALDI-MSI开始从原理验证、方法开发阶段逐步进展到重要的生理病理事件以及医学诊断、药物筛选等应用领域。随着仪器和计算能力的发展, MALDI-MSI的质量范围、灵敏度和分辨率明显增加; 应该指出的是, 样品制备成为主要限制步骤。目前尚需要大量的试错手段, 从样品制备、基质喷涂、数据采集及分析等各方面进行优化考虑, 方能确保样品获得最佳的电离效率, 从而获取高灵敏度、高空间分辨率、稳定性好的质谱响应。此外, 准确定量及深度注释、多组学联合分析、多模态成像、多种人工智能算法辅助下的数据挖掘, 将为未来MALDI-MSI技术的研究发展和应用带来更多机遇。
作者贡献: 覃露媛负责文献总结和文章初稿撰写; 王闯负责文献的收集和整理; 徐斌、谢剑炜负责文章的审阅; 郭磊负责文章的指导与修正。
利益冲突: 所有作者声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(21974152)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Spengler B. Mass spectrometry imaging of biomolecular information[J]. Anal Chem, 2015, 87: 64-82.
[2]
Boughton BA, Thinagaran D, Sarabia D, et al. Mass spectrometry imaging for plant biology: a review[J]. Phytochem Rev, 2016, 15: 445-488.
[3]
Chu XP, Zang QC, Liu JX, et al. Study of mass spectrometry imaging metabolomics of paclitaxel based on esophageal cancer multicellular tumor spheroids cultured in vitro[J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 793-801. http://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps/cn/article/doi/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-1489
[4]
van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping[J]. Scientometrics, 2010, 84: 523-538.
[5]
Vestal M, Vestal C, Li S, et al. The seven S criteria for evaluating the performance of a MALDI mass spectrometer for MSI[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 2521-2530.
[6]
Ràfols P, Vilalta D, Brezmes J, et al. Signal preprocessing, multivariate analysis and software tools for MA(LDI)-TOF mass spectrometry imaging for biological applications[J]. Mass Spectrom Rev, 2018, 37: 281-306.
[7]
Zhang D, Huo G, Qu Z, et al. Discussion on key points of freezing sectioning technology of experimental animals[J]. Drug Eval Res (药物评价研究), 2019, 42: 1359-1361.
[8]
Instrument information network. Visual analysis of asparagus based on mass spectrometry imaging technology [EB/OL]. 2020 [2022-10-05]. https://www.instrument.com.cn/news/20200623/552168.shtml.
[9]
Li B, Zhang Y, Ge J, et al. Sample preparation for mass spectrometry imaging of leaf tissues: a case study on analyte delocalization[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2018, 410: 7449-7456.
[10]
Bøgeskov Schmidt F, Heskes AM, Thinagaran D, et al. Mass spectrometry based imaging of labile glucosides in plants[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2018, 9: 892.
[11]
He Y, Guo W, Luo K, et al. Poly-L-lysine-based tissue embedding compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging analysis of dry and fragile aristolochia plants[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2019, 1608: 460389.
[12]
Lee YR, Briggs MT, Kuliwaba JS, et al. Gelatin-coated indium tin oxide slides improve human cartilage-bone tissue adherence and N-glycan signal intensity for mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413: 2675-2682.
[13]
Vandenbosch M, Nauta SP, Svirkova A, et al. Sample preparation of bone tissue for MALDI-MSI for forensic and (pre)clinical applications[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413: 2683-2694.
[14]
Goodwin RJ, Pennington SR, Pitt AR. Protein and peptides in pictures: imaging with MALDI mass spectrometry[J]. Proteomics, 2008, 8: 3785-3800.
[15]
Ly A, Ragionieri L, Liessem S, et al. Enhanced coverage of insect neuropeptides in tissue sections by an optimized mass-spectrometry-imaging protocol[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 1980-1988.
[16]
Rešetar Maslov D, Svirkova A, Allmaier G, et al. Optimization of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging for the visualization and comparison of peptide distributions in dry-cured ham muscle fibers[J]. Food Chem, 2019, 283: 275-286.
[17]
Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu J, et al. Combination of ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry for qualitative, semi-quantitative and in situ analysis of gangliosides in brain[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 25289.
[18]
Andersson M, Groseclose MR, Deutch AY, et al. Imaging mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides: 3D volume reconstruction[J]. Nat Methods, 2008, 5: 101-108.
[19]
Norris JL, Caprioli RM. Analysis of tissue specimens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry in biological and clinical research[J]. Chem Rev, 2013, 113: 2309-2342.
[20]
Seeley EH, Oppenheimer SR, Mi D, et al. Enhancement of protein sensitivity for MALDI imaging mass spectrometry after chemical treatment of tissue sections[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2008, 19: 1069-1077.
[21]
Cillero-Pastor B, Heeren RM. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging for peptide and protein analyses: a critical review of on-tissue digestion[J]. J Proteome Res, 2014, 13: 325-335.
[22]
Buchberger AR, Vu NQ, Johnson J, et al. A simple and effective sample preparation strategy for MALDI-MS imaging of neuropeptide changes in the crustacean brain due to hypoxia and hypercapnia stress[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 1058-1065.
[23]
Stemmler EA, Gardner NP, Guiney ME, et al. The detection of red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) in crustacean eyestalk tissues using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry: [M+Na]+ ion formation in dried droplet tissue preparations[J]. J Mass Spectrom, 2006, 41: 295-311.
[24]
Vu NQ, Buchberger AR, Johnson J, et al. Complementary neuropeptide detection in crustacean brain by mass spectrometry imaging using formalin and alternative aqueous tissue washes[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021, 413: 2665-2673.
[25]
Chen Y, Tang W, Gordon A, et al. Development of an integrated tissue pretreatment protocol for enhanced MALDI MS imaging of drug distribution in the brain[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 1066-1073.
[26]
Franck J, El Ayed M, Wisztorski M, et al. On-tissue N-terminal peptide derivatizations for enhancing protein identification in MALDI mass spectrometric imaging strategies[J]. Anal Chem, 2009, 81: 8305-8317.
[27]
Sun C, Liu W, Geng Y, et al. On-tissue derivatization strategy for mass spectrometry imaging of carboxyl-containing metabolites in biological tissues[J]. Anal Chem, 2020, 92: 12126-12131.
[28]
Zang Q, Wang M, Zhu Y, et al. Enhanced on-tissue chemical derivatization with hydrogel assistance for mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 15373-15380.
[29]
Enthaler B, Trusch M, Fischer M, et al. MALDI imaging in human skin tissue sections: focus on various matrices and enzymes[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2013, 405: 1159-1170.
[30]
Heijs B, Carreira RJ, Tolner EA, et al. Comprehensive analysis of the mouse brain proteome sampled in mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2015, 87: 1867-1875.
[31]
Djidja MC, Francese S, Loadman PM, et al. Detergent addition to tryptic digests and ion mobility separation prior to MS/MS improves peptide yield and protein identification for in situ proteomic investigation of frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adenocarcinoma tissue sections[J]. Proteomics, 2009, 9: 2750-2763.
[32]
Schober Y, Guenther S, Spengler B, et al. High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of tryptic peptides from tissue[J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2012, 26: 1141-1146.
[33]
Andrews WT, Bickner AN, Tobias F, et al. Electroblotting through enzymatic membranes to enhance molecular tissue imaging[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2021, 32: 1689-1699.
[34]
Velickovic D, Saulnier L, Lhomme M, et al. Mass spectrometric imaging of wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars: distribution of major cell wall polysaccharides according to their main structural features[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2016, 64: 6249-6256.
[35]
Gemperline E, Keller C, Jayaraman D, et al. Examination of endogenous peptides in medicago truncatula using mass spectrometry imaging[J]. J Proteome Res, 2016, 15: 4403-4411.
[36]
Huang P, Huang CY, Lin TC, et al. Toward the rational design of universal dual polarity matrix for MALDI mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2020, 92: 7139-7145.
[37]
He H, Qin L, Zhang Y, et al. 3, 4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid as a novel matrix for enhanced in situ detection and imaging of low-molecular-weight compounds in biological tissues by MALDI-MSI[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 2634-2643.
[38]
Liu H, Han M, Li J, et al. A caffeic acid matrix improves in situ detection and imaging of proteins with high molecular weight close to 200, 000 Da in tissues by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 11920-11928.
[39]
Liu H, Zhou Y, Wang J, et al. N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine as a novel MALDI matrix for analysis and in situ imaging of small molecules[J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 729-736.
[40]
Li B, Sun R, Gordon A, et al. 3-Aminophthalhydrazide (Luminol) as a matrix for dual-polarity MALDI MS imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 8221-8228.
[41]
Chen R, Xu W, Xiong C, et al. High-salt-tolerance matrix for facile detection of glucose in rat brain microdialysates by MALDI mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2012, 84: 465-469.
[42]
Chen R, Chen S, Xiong C, et al. N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dinitrate: a new matrix for negative ion MALDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2012, 23: 1454-1460.
[43]
Yamazaki Y, Nakaya S, Ito K, et al. Analysis of high-molecular-weight polyrotaxanes by MALDI-TOF-MS using 3-aminoquinoline-based ionic liquid matrix[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2020, 31: 1180-1188.
[44]
Fukuyama Y, Nakaya S, Yamazaki Y, et al. Ionic liquid matrixes optimized for MALDI-MS of sulfated/sialylated/neutral oligosaccharides and glycopeptides[J]. Anal Chem, 2008, 80: 2171-2179.
[45]
Pei XL, Huang YY, Gong C, et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of oligosaccharides in soybean and bean leaf with ionic liquid as matrix[J]. Chin J Anal Chem (分析化学), 2017, 45: 1155-1163.
[46]
Liu XN, Pei XL, Gong C, et al. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in mulberry leaf using ionic liquid as matrix[J]. Chin J Anal Chem (分析化学), 2018, 46: 1923-1930.
[47]
Yagnik GB, Hansen RL, Korte AR, et al. Large scale nanoparticle screening for small molecule analysis in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2016, 88: 8926-8930.
[48]
Lee D, Kim Y, Jalaludin I, et al. MALDI-MS analysis of disaccharide isomers using graphene oxide as MALDI matrix[J]. Food Chem, 2021, 342: 128356.
[49]
Yang Y, Xia Y. Self-assembled matrix fabricated by Fe-metal organic frameworks and carboxymethyl cellulose for the determination of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS[J]. Mikrochim Acta, 2020, 187: 445.
[50]
Huang X, Zhan L, Sun J, et al. Utilizing a mini-humidifier to deposit matrix for MALDI imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 8309-8313.
[51]
He WW, Wang CY, Yang JW, et al. MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging of endogenous defensive peptides and its application in tracing origins of castor beans[J]. J Instrum Anal (分析测试学报), 2021, 40: 543-550.
[52]
Gemperline E, Rawson S, Li L. Optimization and comparison of multiple MALDI matrix application methods for small molecule mass spectrometric imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2014, 86: 10030-10035.
[53]
Liu H, Chen R, Wang J, et al. 1, 5-Diaminonaphthalene hydrochloride assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules in tissues following focal cerebral ischemia[J]. Anal Chem, 2014, 86: 10114-10121.
[54]
Wang X, Han J, Yang J, et al. Matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) for enhanced tissue imaging by MALDI-MS[J]. Chem Sci, 2015, 6: 729-738.
[55]
Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, et al. Metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging using matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF)[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, 2017, 1865: 755-767.
[56]
Wang X, Han J, Hardie DB, et al. The use of matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) to enhance mass spectrometric imaging of human prostate cancer biomarkers[J]. J Mass Spectrom, 2016, 51: 86-95.
[57]
Tucker LH, Conde-Gonzalez A, Cobice D, et al. MALDI matrix application utilizing a modified 3D printer for accessible high resolution mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2018, 90: 8742-8749.
[58]
La Rocca R, Kune C, Tiquet M, et al. Adaptive pixel mass recalibration for mass spectrometry imaging based on locally endogenous biological signals[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 4066-4074.
[59]
Fonville JM, Carter C, Cloarec O, et al. A robust data processing and normalization strategy for MALDI mass spectrometric imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2012, 84: 1310-1319.
[60]
Boskamp T, Casadonte R, Hauberg-Lotte L, et al. Cross-normalization of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging data improves site-to-site reproducibility[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 10584-10592.
[61]
Calligaris D, Feldman DR, Norton I, et al. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging analysis of pituitary adenomas for near-real-time tumor delineation[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015, 112: 9978-9983.
[62]
Leuschner J, Schmidt M, Fernsel P, et al. Supervised non-negative matrix factorization methods for MALDI imaging applications[J]. Bioinformatics, 2019, 35: 1940-1947.
[63]
Behrmann J, Etmann C, Boskamp T, et al. Deep learning for tumor classification in imaging mass spectrometry[J]. Bioinformatics, 2018, 34: 1215-1223.
[64]
Mittal P, Condina MR, Klingler-Hoffmann M, et al. Cancer tissue classification using supervised machine learning applied to MALDI mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13: 5388.
[65]
Guran R, Vanickova L, Horak V, et al. MALDI MSI of MeLiM melanoma: searching for differences in protein profiles[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12: e0189305.
[66]
Paine MR, Kim J, Bennett RV, et al. Whole reproductive system non-negative matrix factorization mass spectrometry imaging of an early-stage ovarian cancer mouse model[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11: e0154837.
[67]
Bednarz H, Roloff N, Niehaus K. Mass spectrometry imaging of the spatial and temporal localization of alkaloids in nightshades[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2019, 67: 13470-13477.
[68]
Sarycheva A, Grigoryev A, Sidorchuk D, et al. Structure-preserving and perceptually consistent approach for visualization of mass spectrometry imaging datasets[J]. Anal Chem, 2021, 93: 1677-1685.
[69]
Lotz JM, Hoffmann F, Lotz J, et al. Integration of 3D multimodal imaging data of a head and neck cancer and advanced feature recognition[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, 2017, 1865: 946-956.
[70]
Le Rhun E, Duhamel M, Wisztorski M, et al. Evaluation of non-supervised MALDI mass spectrometry imaging combined with microproteomics for glioma grade Ⅲ classification[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom, 2017, 1865: 875-890.
[71]
Alexandrov T, Chernyavsky I, Becker M, et al. Analysis and interpretation of imaging mass spectrometry data by clustering mass-to-charge images according to their spatial similarity[J]. Anal Chem, 2013, 85: 11189-11195.
[72]
Abdelmoula WM, Regan MS, Lopez BGC, et al. Automatic 3D nonlinear registration of mass spectrometry imaging and magnetic resonance imaging data[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 6206-6216.
[73]
Smets T, Verbeeck N, Claesen M, et al. Evaluation of distance metrics and spatial autocorrelation in uniform manifold approximation and projection applied to mass spectrometry imaging data[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 5706-5714.
[74]
He J, Huang L, Tian R, et al. MassImager: a software for interactive and in-depth analysis of mass spectrometry imaging data[J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2018, 1015: 50-57.
[75]
Huang L, Mao X, Sun C, et al. A graphical data processing pipeline for mass spectrometry imaging-based spatially resolved metabolomics on tumor heterogeneity[J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2019, 1077: 183-190.
[76]
Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Marszalek-Grabska M, Antolak A, et al. Comparison of two freely available software packages for mass spectrometry imaging data analysis using brains from morphine addicted rats[J]. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester), 2016, 22: 229-233.
[77]
Klinkert I, Chughtai K, Ellis SR, et al. Methods for full resolution data exploration and visualization for large 2D and 3D mass spectrometry imaging datasets[J]. Int J Mass Spectrom, 2014, 362: 40-47.
[78]
de Raad M, de Rond T, Rübel O, et al. OpenMSI arrayed analysis toolkit: analyzing spatially defined samples using mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Anal Chem, 2017, 89: 5818-5823.
[79]
Bokhart MT, Nazari M, Garrard KP, et al. MSiReader v1.0: evolving open-source mass spectrometry imaging software for targeted and untargeted analyses[J]. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2018, 29: 8-16.
[80]
Bemis KD, Harry A, Eberlin LS, et al. Cardinal: an R package for statistical analysis of mass spectrometry-based imaging experiments[J]. Bioinformatics, 2015, 31: 2418-2420.
[81]
Guo G, Papanicolaou M, Demarais NJ, et al. Automated annotation and visualisation of high-resolution spatial proteomic mass spectrometry imaging data using HIT-MAP[J]. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 3241.
[82]
Barry JA, Ait-Belkacem R, Hardesty WM, et al. Multicenter validation study of quantitative imaging mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 6266-6274.
[83]
Hahm TH, Matsui T, Tanaka M. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of tissues via the formation of reproducible matrix crystals by the fluorescence-assisted spraying method: a quantification approach[J]. Anal Chem, 2022, 94: 1990-1998.
[84]
Pirman DA, Reich RF, Kiss A, et al. Quantitative MALDI tandem mass spectrometric imaging of cocaine from brain tissue with a deuterated internal standard[J]. Anal Chem, 2013, 85: 1081-1089.
[85]
Chumbley CW, Reyzer ML, Allen JL, et al. Absolute quantitative MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: a case of rifampicin in liver tissues[J]. Anal Chem, 2016, 88: 2392-2398.
[86]
Havlikova J, Randall EC, Griffiths RL, et al. Quantitative imaging of proteins in tissue by stable isotope labeled mimetic liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 14198-14202.
[87]
Hamm G, Bonnel D, Legouffe R, et al. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of propranolol and olanzapine using tissue extinction calculation as normalization factor[J]. J Proteomics, 2012, 75: 4952-4961.
[88]
Luo Z, He J, He J, et al. Quantitative analysis of drug distribution by ambient mass spectrometry imaging method with signal extinction normalization strategy and inkjet-printing technology[J]. Talanta, 2018, 179: 230-237.
[89]
Song X, He J, Pang X, et al. Virtual calibration quantitative mass spectrometry imaging for accurately mapping analytes across heterogenous biotissue[J]. Anal Chem, 2019, 91: 2838-2846.
[90]
Zhang J, Du Q, Song X, et al. Evaluation of the tumor-targeting efficiency and intratumor heterogeneity of anticancer drugs using quantitative mass spectrometry imaging[J]. Theranostics, 2020, 10: 2621-2630.
2023年第58卷第1期
PDF下载
398
183
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981
  • 接收时间:2022-08-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-01-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-09
  • 修回日期:2022-11-19
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(21974152)
作者信息
    1.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 抗毒药物与毒理学国家重点实验室, 北京 100850
    2.中央民族大学药学院, 民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081

通讯作者:

*郭磊, Tel: 86-10-66931650, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0981
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏