Article(id=1193632558232601159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193558470239678932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0907, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1726243200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-14, revisedDate=1728489600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762513778503, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1736611200000, pubDateStr=2025-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762513778503, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762513778503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762513778503, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193558470239678932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762496114549, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224942173, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809698921402865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193558470239678932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809698921402866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193558470239678932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=141, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193632558538785352, articleId=1193632558232601159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The effect of rutaecarpine on improving fatty liver and osteoporosis in MAFLD mice, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and osteoporosis (OP) are two very common metabolic diseases. A growing body of experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between MAFLD and OP. MAFLD is often associated with the development of OP. Rutaecarpine (RUT) is one of the main active components of Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RUT has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and can improve the OP of rats. However, whether RUT can improve both fatty liver and OP symptoms of MAFLD mice at the same time remains to be investigated. In this study, we used C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 months to construct a MAFLD model, and gave the mice a low dose (5 mg·kg-1) and a high dose (15 mg·kg-1) of RUT by gavage for 4 weeks. The effects of RUT on liver steatosis and bone metabolism were then evaluated at the end of the experiment [this experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: IMB-20190124D303)]. The results showed that RUT treatment significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation, and significantly reduced bone loss and promoted bone formation. In summary, this study shows that RUT has an effect of improving fatty liver and OP in MAFLD mice.

, correspAuthors=Yan LIN, Lin TANG, Shu-yi SI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-hao ZHANG, Yi-ning LI, Xin-hai JIANG, Wei-zhi WANG, Shun-wang LI, Ren SHENG, Li-juan LEI, Yu-yan ZHANG, Jing-rui WANG, Xin-wei WEI, Yan-ni XU, Yan LIN, Lin TANG, Shu-yi SI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193632856644747455, articleId=1193632558232601159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=吴茱萸次碱改善MAFLD小鼠脂肪肝和骨质疏松的作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD) 和骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP) 是两种非常普遍的代谢性疾病。越来越多的实验证据支持MAFLD和OP之间有病理生理联系, MAFLD常伴随OP的发生。吴茱萸次碱(rutaecarpine, RUT) 是中药吴茱萸的主要活性成分之一, 课题组前期研究发现RUT具有降脂、抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化作用, 并且可以改善大鼠的OP。但是, RUT能否同时改善MAFLD小鼠的脂肪肝和OP症状, 目前尚待研究。本研究利用高脂饲料饮食(high fat diet, HFD) 4个月喂养的C57BL/6小鼠构建MAFLD模型。灌胃给予RUT低剂量(5 mg·kg-1) 和高剂量(15 mg·kg-1) 4周, 实验结束时评价RUT在体内对肝脏脂肪变性和骨代谢的影响(本实验获得中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: IMB-20190124D303)。研究结果表明, RUT治疗显著减少了肝脏脂肪变性和脂质积累, 同时显著减少骨丢失并促进了骨形成。综上, 本研究表明RUT具有改善MAFLD小鼠的脂肪肝和OP的作用。

, correspAuthors=林燕, 唐琳, 司书毅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*林燕, Tel: 86-10-87906669, E-mail:
唐琳, Tel: 86-22-583570086, E-mail:
司书毅, Tel: 86-10-63180604, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=t0/wCjYZckEI7AgRxtzenw==, magXml=BMZvliyDtH4wvHBpQtAewA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EgXquPRXCxTm0prMd/nvGA==, pdfFileSize=4443297, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TfM3Lj7ZrCrGq2iZdUAUYA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=SZ9HsIeLoMLtChaUwEf8PQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张煜皓, 李依宁, 姜新海, 王伟志, 李顺旺, 盛任, 雷丽娟, 张语嫣, 王晶锐, 魏欣玮, 许艳妮, 林燕, 唐琳, 司书毅)}, authors=[Author(id=1194708221798622201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1194708221924451323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, authorId=1194708221798622201, language=EN, stringName=Yu-hao ZHANG, firstName=Yu-hao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 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China Medico Corporation, Tianjin 300301, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194708221723124727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, companyId=1194708221706347509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.盛实百草药业有限公司, 天津 300301)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194708228228489288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vT6DTJNguLBfFI8JAfMQ5g==, figureFileBig=x/leOadbzdkOV1R+HQK4iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228295598153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The effect of rutaecarpine (RUT) on plasma lipid levels in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) mice. A: The chemical structure of RUT; B: The schematic diagram of the experimental procedure in this study. Mice were fed the control diet (CD) or the high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, and then were intragastrically administered 0.5% carboxymethycellulose sodium (CMC-Na), RUT (5 or 15 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), or obeticholic acid (OCA, 35 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) once daily for 4 weeks; C: Body weight values (<i>n</i> = 8); D: The average food intake values (<i>n</i> = 3); E: The plasma lipid total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (<i>n</i> = 8). mean ± SEM. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group. RUT-L: Low-dose RUT group, 5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>; RUT-H: High-dose RUT group, 15 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=vT6DTJNguLBfFI8JAfMQ5g==, figureFileBig=x/leOadbzdkOV1R+HQK4iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228400455754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QFoMLMUk55445BxsH7AlYA==, figureFileBig=+owuYiGlxr9OYsVuaec9/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228492730443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The effect of RUT on plasma bone metabolism related markers' levels in MAFLD mice. Plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG, A), receptor activator of nuclear factor-<i>κ</i>B ligand (RANKL, B), and osteopontin (OPN, C) levels in MAFLD mice treated with or without RUT. <i>n</i> = 6, mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=QFoMLMUk55445BxsH7AlYA==, figureFileBig=+owuYiGlxr9OYsVuaec9/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228551450700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JSrbNuggHHCRKAv3uSOORQ==, figureFileBig=PNUxTLRRrwbHVcNOa6HzQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228605976653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The effect of RUT on fatty liver in MAFLD mice. A: Representative images of H&E staining of liver sections from mice. Scale bar = 100 µm; B: MAFLD activity score (MAS score) for each group according to the H&E staining images (<i>n</i> = 4); C: Representative images of oil red O (ORO) staining of liver sections from mice. Scale bar = 100 µm; D. The statistics of ORO positive areas were shown (<i>n</i> = 4); E: TG and TC levels in the liver (<i>n</i> = 7-8); F: Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (<i>n</i> = 7-8). Mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=JSrbNuggHHCRKAv3uSOORQ==, figureFileBig=PNUxTLRRrwbHVcNOa6HzQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228668891214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eLkFrcy6dKVlDByMZi2Jmw==, figureFileBig=wa81mra6U+NouSm0JlrHEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228740194383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= RUT inhibits bone loss in MAFLD mice. A: Representative micro-CT images of distal femurs from control, model, RUT-L and RUT-H, respectively; B: Representative micro-CT 3D image of mouse femur distal femurs; C: Trabecular bone parameters including bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and bone surface area/bone volume (BS/BV) were analyzed by micro-CT. <i>n</i> = 4, mean ± SEM. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=eLkFrcy6dKVlDByMZi2Jmw==, figureFileBig=wa81mra6U+NouSm0JlrHEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228819886160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Xss6C2d7yBN2x33o9U/iSA==, figureFileBig=SW5fC4vhq7Aisl7ngpDE4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194708228878606417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193632558232601159, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= RUT treatment promotes bone formation in MAFLD mice. A: Representative calcein double labeling images were shown. 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吴茱萸次碱改善MAFLD小鼠脂肪肝和骨质疏松的作用
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张煜皓 1 , 李依宁 1 , 姜新海 1, 2 , 王伟志 1 , 李顺旺 1 , 盛任 1 , 雷丽娟 1 , 张语嫣 1 , 王晶锐 1 , 魏欣玮 1 , 许艳妮 1 , 林燕 3, * , 唐琳 4, * , 司书毅 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(1): 141-149
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 60(1): 141-149
吴茱萸次碱改善MAFLD小鼠脂肪肝和骨质疏松的作用
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张煜皓1, 李依宁1, 姜新海1, 2, 王伟志1, 李顺旺1, 盛任1, 雷丽娟1, 张语嫣1, 王晶锐1, 魏欣玮1, 许艳妮1, 林燕3, * , 唐琳4, * , 司书毅1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 卫健委微生物药物生物技术重点实验室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 国家新药(微生物)筛选实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2.首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院, 北京 100015
  • 3.首都医科大学附属北京中医医院, 北京市中医药研究所, 北京 100010
  • 4.盛实百草药业有限公司, 天津 300301

通讯作者:

*林燕, Tel: 86-10-87906669, E-mail:
唐琳, Tel: 86-22-583570086, E-mail:
司书毅, Tel: 86-10-63180604, E-mail:
The effect of rutaecarpine on improving fatty liver and osteoporosis in MAFLD mice
Yu-hao ZHANG1, Yi-ning LI1, Xin-hai JIANG1, 2, Wei-zhi WANG1, Shun-wang LI1, Ren SHENG1, Li-juan LEI1, Yu-yan ZHANG1, Jing-rui WANG1, Xin-wei WEI1, Yan-ni XU1, Yan LIN3, * , Lin TANG4, * , Shu-yi SI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
  • 3. Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
  • 4. China Medico Corporation, Tianjin 300301, China
出版时间: 2025-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0907
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代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD) 和骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP) 是两种非常普遍的代谢性疾病。越来越多的实验证据支持MAFLD和OP之间有病理生理联系, MAFLD常伴随OP的发生。吴茱萸次碱(rutaecarpine, RUT) 是中药吴茱萸的主要活性成分之一, 课题组前期研究发现RUT具有降脂、抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化作用, 并且可以改善大鼠的OP。但是, RUT能否同时改善MAFLD小鼠的脂肪肝和OP症状, 目前尚待研究。本研究利用高脂饲料饮食(high fat diet, HFD) 4个月喂养的C57BL/6小鼠构建MAFLD模型。灌胃给予RUT低剂量(5 mg·kg-1) 和高剂量(15 mg·kg-1) 4周, 实验结束时评价RUT在体内对肝脏脂肪变性和骨代谢的影响(本实验获得中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所动物伦理委员会批准, 批准号: IMB-20190124D303)。研究结果表明, RUT治疗显著减少了肝脏脂肪变性和脂质积累, 同时显著减少骨丢失并促进了骨形成。综上, 本研究表明RUT具有改善MAFLD小鼠的脂肪肝和OP的作用。

吴茱萸次碱  /  非酒精性脂肪性肝病  /  代谢相关脂肪性肝病  /  骨质疏松症  /  骨代谢

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and osteoporosis (OP) are two very common metabolic diseases. A growing body of experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between MAFLD and OP. MAFLD is often associated with the development of OP. Rutaecarpine (RUT) is one of the main active components of Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RUT has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and can improve the OP of rats. However, whether RUT can improve both fatty liver and OP symptoms of MAFLD mice at the same time remains to be investigated. In this study, we used C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 months to construct a MAFLD model, and gave the mice a low dose (5 mg·kg-1) and a high dose (15 mg·kg-1) of RUT by gavage for 4 weeks. The effects of RUT on liver steatosis and bone metabolism were then evaluated at the end of the experiment [this experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: IMB-20190124D303)]. The results showed that RUT treatment significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation, and significantly reduced bone loss and promoted bone formation. In summary, this study shows that RUT has an effect of improving fatty liver and OP in MAFLD mice.

rutaecarpine  /  nonalcoholic fatty liver disease  /  metabolic-associated fatty liver disease  /  osteoporosis  /  bone metabolism
张煜皓, 李依宁, 姜新海, 王伟志, 李顺旺, 盛任, 雷丽娟, 张语嫣, 王晶锐, 魏欣玮, 许艳妮, 林燕, 唐琳, 司书毅. 吴茱萸次碱改善MAFLD小鼠脂肪肝和骨质疏松的作用. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (1) : 141 -149 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0907
Yu-hao ZHANG, Yi-ning LI, Xin-hai JIANG, Wei-zhi WANG, Shun-wang LI, Ren SHENG, Li-juan LEI, Yu-yan ZHANG, Jing-rui WANG, Xin-wei WEI, Yan-ni XU, Yan LIN, Lin TANG, Shu-yi SI. The effect of rutaecarpine on improving fatty liver and osteoporosis in MAFLD mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (1) : 141 -149 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0907
非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) 是指除酒精和其他明确的肝损伤因素所致的肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征, 这种代谢性肝脏疾病与肥胖、2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2D) 和代谢综合征密切相关。NAFLD疾病谱包括非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH)、肝纤维化、肝硬化和肝癌。NAFLD全球患病率约为25%, 并持续上升, 每年约有350万新诊断病例[1, 2], 流行病学数据表明, 亚洲人是NAFLD的高危人群, 在中国其患病率高达29.2%。NAFLD是一种超越肝脏表现的多系统疾病过程, 包括肾脏疾病、心血管疾病及慢性肾脏疾病等[3, 4]
骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP) 是一种骨代谢疾病, 其特征是骨密度降低和骨结构破坏, 导致骨脆性和骨折风险增加[5]。OP在绝经后妇女和老年人中尤为普遍, 严重影响了患者的身体健康和生活质量。随着人口老龄化进程的加速, OP已经成为全球关注的公共健康问题。根据世界卫生组织对OP的诊断标准, 全球50岁及以上人群中约有6.3%男性和21.2%女性患有OP[6], 而全球55岁以上人群每年发生多达3 700万例脆性骨折[7]。髋部骨折是最严重的骨质疏松性骨折, 髋部骨折后1年内, 20%的患者死于并发症, 50%的患者残疾, 患者的生活质量明显下降[8]
NAFLD是一种常见的慢性肝脏疾病, 而NAFLD这一词过分强调了酒精摄入不足, 未能体现代谢因素在其发病机制中的核心作用。为了解决这一局限性, 2020年国际专家共识建议将NAFLD更名为“代谢相关脂肪性肝病” (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD), 更好地反映了其潜在机制[9]。MAFLD和OP都是非常普遍的代谢性疾病, 且肥胖[10]、炎症[11]和胰岛素抵抗(insuline resistance, IR)[12]可能是MAFLD和OP之间合理的病理生理联系, 肝与骨之间可能存在一种相互作用、相互调节的信号轴“肝-骨”轴, 共同参与调节肝脏代谢和骨代谢。
吴茱萸次碱(rutaecarpine, RUT) 来源于芸香科植物吴茱萸, 是一种吲哚喹啉类生物碱。RUT具有广泛的药理作用, 包括抗炎、抗纤维化、抗血栓形成、抗脂毒性、抗癌和保肝活性[13-17], 实验室前期研究发现RUT具有调脂、抗动脉粥样硬化[18]、抗炎[19]和抗OP[20]的作用。脂代谢紊乱、动脉粥样硬化、炎症、MAFLD和OP之间有一些共同的发病机制[21], 这些疾病相互影响, 并可能同时发生。但是, RUT能否同时改善MAFLD小鼠的脂肪肝和OP症状, 目前尚待研究。因此, 本研究使用高脂饲料成功建立脂肪肝小鼠模型, 并考察RUT是否可以同时改善MAFLD小鼠的脂肪肝和OP, 这对MAFLD及其相关疾病的治疗具有重要的意义。
药品和实验动物  RUT购于杨凌慈缘生物科技有限公司(含量 > 98%, 相对分子质量: 287.32, 货号: CY0096)。奥贝胆酸(obeticholic acid, OCA) 购于上海源叶生物科技有限公司(货号: T93981)。8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠40只[21~23 g, 北京维通利华实验动物科技有限公司, 实验动物许可证号SCXK (京) 2016-0006]。动物实验获得中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所动物护理和使用委员会的批准(批准号: IMB-20190124D303)。
MAFLD小鼠模型与动物分组  将C57BL/6小鼠适应性喂养1周, 按照体重随机分为5组(每组8只), 设置对照组(control)、模型组(model)、奥贝胆酸(OCA) 阳性对照组(35 mg·kg-1) 以及RUT低剂量组(RUT-L, 5 mg·kg-1) 和RUT高剂量组(RUT-H, 15 mg·kg-1)。对照组给予10 kcal% Fat对照饲料(control diet, CD, 货号: D12450B, 美国Research Diets公司), 其他组均给予60 kcal% Fat高脂饲料(high fat diet, HFD, 货号: D12492, 美国Research Diets公司), 喂养16周。OCA和RUT均用0.5% CMC-Na (货号: C9481, 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司) 溶解, 对照组和模型组灌胃给予0.5% CMC-Na溶液, 每天灌胃给药1次, 连续灌胃4周。每周监测1次体重和摄食量。末次给药后过夜禁食, 称量体重, 小鼠异氟烷麻醉后眼眶后静脉取血, 迅速解剖摘取肝脏, 置于4%多聚甲醛(货号: BL539A, 北京Biosharp公司) 中, 其余肝脏置于-80 ℃冰箱中冻存。
血清生化指标测定  收集血液于肝素润过的EP管中, 使用低温离心机(Legend micro 1.6R, 美国Thermo Fisher公司) 2 500 r·min-1离心20 min, 收集血浆, 分装后于-80 ℃冰箱中保存。使用全自动生化分析仪(71800, 日本Hitachi公司) 以及相应的试剂盒(均购自北京中生北控公司) 测定血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC, 货号: 100020080)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG, 货号: 100020090)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, 货号: 100020248)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C, 货号: 100020238)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase, ALT, 货号: 100020000) 和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST, 货号: 100020010) 水平。采用ELISA试剂盒(南京森贝伽生物科技有限公司) 测定小鼠血浆中骨保护素(osteoprotegerin, OPG, 货号: SBJ-M0277)、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin, OPN, 货号: SBJ-M0924)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体[receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand, RANKL, 货号: SBJ-M0556] 的水平。
MAFLD小鼠肝脏组织石蜡切片和H&E染色  取适当大小4%多聚甲醛固定好的肝脏组织, 将肝组织包埋在石蜡中, 切成3~5 μm石蜡切片。将肝脏组织石蜡切片置于二甲苯中脱蜡20 min, 乙醇梯度水化(每次5 min), 清水冲洗, 苏木精染液染色10 min, 自来水冲洗后将切片放置分化液中2 s, 放入自来水中5 min, 伊红染液染色30 s, 再依次放入70%乙醇、95%乙醇以及无水乙醇中, 二甲苯中脱水20 min, 中性树脂封片, 晾干后用切片扫描仪(Pannoramic MIDI, 匈牙利3DHISTECN公司) 扫描切片。
小鼠肝脏组织冰冻切片和油红(oil red O, ORO) 染色  取适当大小4%多聚甲醛固定好的肝脏组织, 在20%蔗糖溶液中脱水, 将肝脏组织放入OCT包埋剂中, 低温待其完全凝固后, 置于-80 ℃冰箱避光保存。用冰冻切片机(CM1950, 德国Leica公司) 将包埋好的肝脏组织切成6~8 μm的冰冻切片。将冰冻切片晾干, 4%多聚甲醛中固定10 min, 蒸馏水中洗3次, 60%异丙醇中同化3 min, 新配置的油红工作液中染色30 min, 60%异丙醇分色1 min, 蒸馏水洗3次, 苏木素染液中染色2 min, 蒸馏水洗3次, 中性树脂封片, 阴干后在显微镜(DM2500, 德国Leica公司) 下拍摄。
肝脏组织脂含量检测  每个样本称取大约50 mg的肝组织, 分别使用TC和TG检测裂解液处理的肝组织样本, 按照TC (货号: E1015, 北京普利莱基因技术有限公司) 和TG (货号: E1013, 北京普利莱基因技术有限公司) 定量试剂盒的使用说明进行肝组织TC和TG定量, 测定样品的蛋白含量, 计算肝组织内的TC和TG含量(表示为μmol·g-1 protein)。
小鼠股骨micro-CT检测  小鼠股骨去除周围筋膜和肌肉组织等, 用4%多聚甲醛固定, 使用micro-CT扫描仪(Inveon Micro PET/CT, 德国Siemens公司) 对小鼠股骨远端进行分析。扫描结束后利用Inveon分析工作站进行成像和数据分析, 计算骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD), 测量分析骨形态学指标[骨体积分数(bone volume to tissue volume, BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(trabecular number, Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(trabecular thickness, Tb.Th)、骨面积与骨体积比(bone surface to tissue volume, BS/BV)、骨小梁间距(trabecular separation, Tb.Sp)] 和骨皮质厚度(cortical thickness, Ct.Th) 等。
钙黄绿素双标实验  动物实验结束前第6天和第1天两个时间点, 对照组、模型组以及RUT-L和RUT-H组分别注射钙黄绿素(货号: C0875, 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司), 钙黄绿素能在注射的两个时间点产生两条沉积线, 用于计算矿物质沉积率(mineral apposition rate, MAR)。MAR =两次钙黄绿素沉积线宽度/两次注射时间间隔天数。
统计学分析  实验数据采用GraphPad Prim 8软件进行统计学分析以及作图, 使用normality and lognormality test进行正态检验, 正态分布的实验数据以平均值±标准误(mean ± SEM) 表示。三组以及三组以上组间统计学差异采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 检验进行比较, 并采用Dunnett's检验进行事后检验(post hoc)。P < 0.05时认为差异具有显著性意义。
为了考察RUT (结构见图 1A) 是否具有同时改善脂肪肝和OP的药理作用, 本研究使用60 kcal% Fat高脂饲料喂养C57BL/6小鼠16周构建MAFLD小鼠模型, 然后灌胃给予RUT和阳性药。鉴于RUT低剂量组(5 mg·kg-1) 改善OP的效果比较好[20], 因此, 本研究选择RUT-L (5 mg·kg-1)、RUT-H (15 mg·kg-1) 和阳性对照OCA (35 mg·kg-1) 连续灌胃4周(图 1B), 在实验终点时考察RUT对MAFLD小鼠脂骨代谢的影响。
与对照饲料饲喂的对照小鼠(control组) 相比, 高脂饲料喂养的模型组(model组) 小鼠的体重显著增加(图 1C), 且其血浆中TC、TG、LDL-C明显增高(图 1E); RUT低剂量和高剂量组在体重(图 1C) 以及血浆脂质水平(图 1E) 与模型组没有明显差异; 此外, 各组小鼠摄食量没有明显差异(图 1D)。
OPG和RANKL由成骨细胞分泌, OPG/RANKL/RANK通路在调节骨相关疾病中具有重要地位[22, 23]; RANKL与核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK) 结合能促进单核细胞前体细胞的分化, 从而形成成熟的破骨细胞, 还能增强成熟破骨细胞的骨吸收活性; OPG是RANKL的诱饵受体, 它可以和RANKL结合, 从而抑制RANKL诱导的破骨细胞形成和破骨细胞骨吸收[22, 23]。此外, OPN是成骨细胞和破骨细胞产生的骨基质蛋白, 参与骨基质的矿化和重吸收过程[24]。为了研究RUT是否会改善MAFLD小鼠的骨代谢, 本研究首先检测了小鼠血浆中骨形成和骨吸收特异性标志物(OPG、RANKL、OPN) 的水平。
结果显示, 与对照组(control组) 相比, MAFLD模型组小鼠血清中骨形成标志物OPG水平显著降低(图 2A), 而骨吸收标志物RANKL (图 2B) 和OPN (图 2C) 水平显著增加; 与模型组相比, RUT低剂量给药后增加了血清中OPG水平, 但是没有显著性(图 2A), 而RUT高剂量给药后显著增加了血清中OPG水平(图 2A); 与模型组相比, RUT低剂量和高剂量均显著降低了RANKL (图 2B) 和OPN (图 2C) 的水平; 上述结果提示RUT在MAFLD小鼠体内具有促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收的作用。
进一步, 本研究利用H&E和ORO染色等方法, 评价了RUT对脂肪肝的作用。H&E染色结果(图 3A) 显示, 对照组小鼠肝组织形态正常, 模型组小鼠肝细胞受损, 出现明显的肝脏脂肪变性和肝细胞气球样变; 而RUT低剂量和高剂量显著改善了小鼠肝脏中HFD饮食造成的肝脏脂肪变性和肝细胞气球样变。根据H&E染色结果, 对MAFLD活性进行评分(图 3B), 与模型组相比, 低剂量RUT组显著降低了MAS评分。
ORO染色和肝脏脂质测定结果(图 3C~E) 显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组肝细胞中有大量的脂质聚积; 与模型组相比, RUT低剂量和高剂量均显著减少了ORO染色阳性面积(图 3CD) 和肝脏TC含量(图 3E), 说明RUT能显著减少肝脏脂质聚积(图 3C~E)。与对照组小鼠相比, 模型组小鼠血浆中ALT和AST水平(图 3F) 明显升高, 说明HFD饮食造成了小鼠的肝损伤; 但是, 各给药组和模型组没有明显区别(图 3F)。此外, 阳性药OCA也能改善脂肪肝小鼠的肝脂质聚积情况(图 3A~E)。以上数据表明, RUT给药可减轻高脂饲料喂养引起的肝脏脂质聚积和脂肪变性情况。
本研究进一步在MAFLD小鼠模型中研究了RUT体内抗OP的活性, 结果如图 4所示。与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠的micro-CT二维图(图 4A) 和三维图(图 4B) 表现出明显的骨小梁骨丢失, 而经过4周的给药治疗, 小鼠的骨丢失程度得到明显改善(图 4AB)。
通过micro-CT分析各组小鼠股骨远端的骨形态学参数, 结果表明(图 4C), 与对照组相比, 模型组BMD、BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N和Ct.Th明显低于对照组, Tb.Sp显著增加; 与模型组相比, RUT低剂量和高剂量给药治疗4周后, BV/TV、Tb.N和Ct.Th明显增加, Tb.Sp显著降低, 且RUT高剂量组显著增加了小鼠BMD; 各组BS/BV没有明显差异。以上数据表明, RUT给药可抑制MAFLD小鼠的骨丢失, 显著改善了MAFLD小鼠的OP症状。
钙黄绿素双标实验是观测两个时间点之间形成的两条钙黄绿素沉积线的距离, 从而确定两次注射时间间隔内的骨形成量, 本研究分别选取小鼠处死前第6天和第1天注射钙黄绿素, 从而计算RUT给药对MAFLD小鼠矿化沉积率(MAR) 的影响。因此, 通过钙黄绿素双标实验进一步考察RUT对骨形成的影响。结果显示(图 5AB), 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠的矿化宽度显著性减少; 与模型组相比, RUT低剂量和高剂量给药后均能明显增加矿化宽度和矿化沉积率, 表明RUT给药能够在体内促进骨的动态形成。
代谢稳定对维持体内平衡非常重要。肝脏作为代谢中心, 通过与多个器官相互作用来调节机体稳态[25]。骨骼是另一个重要的代谢器官, 具有重要的内分泌功能, 可以影响糖脂代谢和心血管功能等[25]。MAFLD和OP是两种非常普遍的代谢性疾病, 它们二者之间存在复杂的关联, 主要体现在它们存在共同的发病机制, 共同参与调节肝脏代谢和骨代谢, 并相互影响, 这也是临床“异病同治”的基础。
成骨细胞和脂肪细胞从共同的前体多功能间充质干细胞(MSC) 分化而来, 并且骨髓(BMSC) 和脂肪组织(AD-MSC) 中均存在MSC[26]。许多转录因子和多个调节脂肪形成和成骨细胞形成的细胞外和细胞内信号已被发现参与MSC分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞的过程。如典型的Wnt/β-catenin通路诱导成骨细胞形成, 抑制脂肪生成; 而过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体-γ (PPARγ) 是脂肪形成的主要诱导剂, 它能抑制成骨细胞的形成。与MAFLD发病机制相关的慢性炎症过程可能导致骨密度的降低, 细胞脂质超载导致细胞脂毒性, 触发由肝星状细胞和树突状细胞介导的炎症级联反应, 产生多种促炎和促纤维化分子, 导致肝纤维化和炎症性OP[27]。生长激素(GH) 和胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1) 的补充显著改善了MAFLD小鼠肝脏脂肪变性和炎症[28]; IGF-1也参与骨组织成熟和骨骼重建, IGF-1水平低与髋部和椎骨骨折的高风险相关[29]; GH/IGF-1轴的破坏可能与MAFLD患者的低骨密度有关。MAFLD往往伴有IR, 而骨密度与IR抗呈负相关[30]。肝脏分泌的维生素B12 (VitB12) 衍生牛磺酸和维生素D等可以调节骨骼发育, 肝脏功能受损可能导致维生素D的吸收和利用障碍, 增加OP的风险[31]。肝细胞来源的IGFBP1可以增加活化T细胞核因子-1 (NFATc1) 在破骨细胞中的转录活性, 从而影响骨吸收。骨细胞分泌的硬化蛋白水平升高与肝硬化患者的肝功能障碍标志物白蛋白相关。因此, 在肝脏和骨骼之间可能存在一个信号轴“肝-骨”轴, 该轴可调节它们的各自功能。
芸香科吴茱萸是一种常用的中草药, 在中医配方中被用来治疗肝病在内的各种疾病。RUT作为吴茱萸的主要活性成分之一, 具有广泛的药理作用, 包括抗炎、抗纤维化、抗血栓形成、抗脂毒性、抗T2D、抗肝癌和保肝活性[13-17], 本课题组前期研究发现RUT具有调脂、抗动脉粥样硬化[15]、抗炎[16]和抗OP[17]的作用。RUT通过激活抗氧化酶保护对乙酰氨基酚诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤[32], 通过上调抗氧化酶的活性抑制t-BHP诱导的肝损伤[33]; RUT通过AMPK/PRDM16通路诱导脂肪细胞褐变, 可能是治疗肥胖的潜在候选药物[34]; RUT通过调节IRS-1/PI3K/Akt和AMPK/ACC2信号通路改善高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素处理小鼠的高脂血症和高血糖症[35], 通过调节葡萄糖稳态来治疗T2D的作用[36], 还能增强二甲双胍的治疗糖尿病的作用[37]。RUT通过降低破骨细胞分化过程中NFATc1的蛋白水平和其他信号通路的磷酸化来抑制骨髓来源的破骨细胞生成和骨吸收作用[38]; RUT可以促进衰老相关的人骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSCs) 的成骨分化, 增加骨形成[39]; RUT通过抑制巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF) 和RNAKL刺激的信号通路来减轻破骨细胞形成[38]。此外, RUT衍生物R3具有抑制NLRP3炎症小体的作用以及抗动脉粥样硬化的作用[19], RUT衍生物B-RUT通过减轻炎症和氧化应激减轻酒精诱导肝损伤[40]。槲皮素、枸杞素和RUT可能是二妙散(EMS) 的主要活性化合物, EMS能抑制TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等炎症因子水平, 具有抗炎和治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用[41]。因此, 以上研究的结果表明, RUT可能同时调节MAFLD和OP共同的发病机制(如炎症、骨代谢、氧化应激、肥胖、糖脂代谢紊乱等), 实现对MAFLD和OP的治疗。
本研究通过高脂饮食成功建立小鼠MAFLD模型, 并同时考察了RUT给药对MAFLD以及OP的作用。与对照组相比, 高脂饮食组出现了脂肪肝和OP有关的病理性改变, 而RUT治疗可显著改善MAFLD小鼠的肝脏脂肪病变和炎症、增加骨密度、改善骨组织的微结构、促进骨形成和抑制骨丢失。高剂量RUT (15 mg·kg-1) 改善OP效果更好, 低剂量RUT (5 mg·kg-1) 对MAFLD的治疗效果更好。RANKL与破骨前体细胞和破骨细胞上的RANK结合, 导致破骨细胞的分化和骨吸收, 是OP发病的主要机制, 而RANKL可被循环中的可溶性受体OPG中和; OPN可以调节骨量并参与多种骨相关细胞的增殖、迁移和黏附等过程, 且OPN水平与机体骨密度呈负相关[24]。高脂饮食增加小鼠血浆中OPN和RANKL水平, 降低OPG水平, 这使RANKL/RANK/OPG轴失衡而增加骨吸收, 导致骨密度降低, 从而引起OP; 而RUT给药可以显著降低血浆RANKL和OPN水平, 增加OPG的表达水平, 这可能是其抗MAFLD小鼠模型OP作用的机制。此外, RUT还具有抗炎和抗糖脂代谢紊乱等药理作用, 这些均与MAFLD和OP的机制之间有关联, 因此, RUT的这些药理作用可能对改善MAFLD和OP都有益。综上, 本研究证明了RUT在MAFLD模型小鼠体内能同时改善脂肪肝和OP, 后续可以针对其作用机制进行深入的研究。因此, 下一步可以在MSC成骨成脂分化、炎症、Wnt/β-catenin和PPARγ等信号通路研究RUT调节脂骨代谢的机制, 明确RUT同时改善MAFLD和OP的机制。
综上, MAFLD患者常伴有OP的发生, 肝脏与骨骼之间存在调节作用。尽管目前已经上市的抗OP药物在临床治疗中表现出了良好的疗效, 但大多数药物有不良反应, 难以实现长期用药; MAFLD易发生于肥胖者、T2D患者和高脂血症患者等, Resmetirom成为目前唯一获得FDA批准用于治疗NASH的药物; 但目前没有能同时治疗MAFLD和OP的药物。本研究证明RUT能够同时改善MAFLD和OP, 具有良好的应用前景。
作者贡献: 司书毅、唐琳、林燕、许艳妮、张煜皓和李依宁构思并设计整体实验, 并进行论文修改工作; 张煜皓、李依宁和林燕进行了体内的主要动物实验、数据分析、论文撰写工作; 姜新海、王伟志、李顺旺、盛任、王晶锐和魏欣玮参与动物实验; 雷丽娟和张语嫣参与数据分析。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 中国药学会-以岭生物医药创新基金(CPA-B04-ZC-2021-005)
  • 中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2022-JKCS-10)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(82404723)
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2025年第60卷第1期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0907
  • 接收时间:2024-09-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14
  • 修回日期:2024-10-10
基金
中国药学会-以岭生物医药创新基金(CPA-B04-ZC-2021-005)
中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2022-JKCS-10)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(82404723)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所, 卫健委微生物药物生物技术重点实验室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 国家新药(微生物)筛选实验室, 北京 100050
    2.首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院, 北京 100015
    3.首都医科大学附属北京中医医院, 北京市中医药研究所, 北京 100010
    4.盛实百草药业有限公司, 天津 300301

通讯作者:

*林燕, Tel: 86-10-87906669, E-mail:
唐琳, Tel: 86-22-583570086, E-mail:
司书毅, Tel: 86-10-63180604, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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