Article(id=1193259084012024333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0767, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723046400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-08, revisedDate=1726070400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762424735310, onlineDateStr=2025-11-06, pubDate=1741708800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762424735310, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762424735310, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762424735310, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193259081696772901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='533', pageEnd='842', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762424734756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224876724, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809424412602670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809424412602671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=606, endPage=614, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193259085874295321, articleId=1193259084012024333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanism of naringin in ameliorating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, columnId=1193259082502079273, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Multi-disciplinary exploration in the current situation and future direction of the modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid deterioration in renal function. Naringin, a flavonoid abundant in the Rutaceae family, has been reported to provide protective effects against kidney injury. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects remain inadequately elucidated. In the present study, the AKI mouse model was established in vivo through a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg·kg-1 of cisplatin, and human kidney-2 (HK-2) cell injury was induced by cisplatin in vitro. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, along with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, were employed to evaluate changes in renal histopathology. Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the mice were assessed using ELISA, and the levels of these cytokines were further analyzed. Morphological alterations in HK-2 cells were examined microscopically. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells were quantified using an ELISA kit. The protein expression levels of p-MAPK/MAPK, p-JNK/JNK, p-ERK/ERK, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, p-IκBα/IκBα, IL-6, and TNF-α in renal tissue and HK-2 cells were evaluated through Western blot. The results showed that the serum BUN, Cre, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the model group mice increased and the renal tissue structure was damaged when compared to the control group, whereas naringin could significantly ameliorate the above pathological changes. Moreover, naringin significantly reduced cisplatin-induced ROS production in HK-2 cells. Western blot results confirmed that naringin notably attenuated the expression of p-MAPK, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-NF-κB, p-IκBα, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, naringin may ameliorate cisplatin-induced AKI by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway and reducing the production of ROS. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine (approval No: HUCMS202204001).

, correspAuthors=Zhen-peng QIU, Yuan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhen HE, Xiang-yun TAN, Jun YANG, Yu-rou HUANG, Zhen-peng QIU, Yuan YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193259476133311367, articleId=1193259084012024333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=柚皮苷通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤作用机制研究, columnId=1193259082653074221, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI) 是一种常见的临床综合征, 其特征为肾功能骤然恶化。柚皮苷(naringin) 是一种广泛存在于芸香科的天然黄酮类化合物, 有报道显示其对肾损伤具有保护作用, 但作用机制尚未完全阐明。本研究在体内单次腹腔注射20 mg·kg-1顺铂建立小鼠AKI模型, 体外通过顺铂诱导肾小管上皮细胞(human kidney-2, HK-2) 损伤。试剂盒检测小鼠血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN) 和肌酐(creatinine, Cre) 水平。H&E及PAS染色观察各组小鼠肾组织病理学改变。ELISA检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6) 和肿瘤坏死因子α (tumour necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 水平。显微镜观察HK-2细胞形态变化。试剂盒检测HK-2细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平。Western blot检测肾组织和HK-2细胞中p-MAPK/MAPK、p-JNK/JNK、p-ERK/ERK、p-NF-κB/NF-κB、p-IκBα/IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白表达水平。结果显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠血清BUN、Cre、IL-6及TNF-α水平升高, 肾组织结构遭到破坏, 而柚皮苷可明显改善上述病理变化。此外, 柚皮苷显著减少了顺铂诱导的HK-2细胞ROS的产生。Western blot结果显示柚皮苷在体内外均显著减少了p-MAPK、p-JNK、p-ERK、p-NF-κB、p-IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白表达水平。综上, 柚皮苷可能通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB通路活化和减少ROS的产生, 进而改善顺铂诱导的AKI。所有动物实验均经过湖北中医药大学动物管理与使用委员会的审查批准(批准号: HUCMS202204001)。

, correspAuthors=邱振鹏, 杨渊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邱振鹏, Tel: 15972205117, E-mail:
杨渊, Tel: 18186605267, E-mail:
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J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17: 127., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194704160428892205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ridzuan Raudzah Adib N, Rashid Abd N, Othman F, et al. Protective role of natural products in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity [J]. Mini Rev Med Chem, 2019, 19: 1134-1143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194704160529555504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Amini N, Sarkaki A, Dianat M, et al. The renoprotective effects of naringin and trimetazidine on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibition of apoptosis and downregulation of micoRNA-10a [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2019, 112: 108568., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194704160592470067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singh D, Chopra K. The effect of naringin, a bioflavonoid on ischemia-reperfusion induced renal injury in rats [J]. 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A: Measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (<i>n</i> = 6); B: Blood creatinine (Cre) levels (<i>n</i> = 6); C: Body weight changes of mice in each group (<i>n</i> = 8). <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M1">$ \bar{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the cisplatin group , figureFileSmall=5A6EOEUhxXpkiKtlcdyeUQ==, figureFileBig=Zt8XbxsPZijFD62mzyAz+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704155131487131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jb9z0O9gVvgmpUi2SEddFQ==, figureFileBig=aHP0Dn+61djRjPTjzH5JiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704155198595996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Kidney histological changes in the cisplatin-induced AKI model. A: Representative images showing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining on renal sections; B: Representative images showing periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining on renal sections. Scale bar: 50 μm. Black arrows indicate tubules exhibiting necrosis and tubular enlargement; green arrows denote cast formation; red arrows represent the kidney's brush border of the proximal tubule. 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A: Electrophoretic plots of protein expression of p-MAPK, MAPK; B: Electrophoretic plots of protein expression of p-JNK, JNK; C: Electrophoretic plots of protein expression of p-ERK and ERK; D: Quantitative analysis of MAPK-related protein expression; E: Influences on the expression of NF-<i>κ</i>B-associated proteins; F: Quantitative analysis of Figure 4E. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M3">$ \bar{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the cisplatin group , figureFileSmall=1NzjkOUYYO35V+RAoESfsg==, figureFileBig=2HQarkuUlm0WO726OVK+iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704155601249185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=c1kHomhfOqeqoQOk0Z9XbQ==, figureFileBig=+V32PdFvk+V9b2z+qmzWuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704155668358050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The effects of naringin and cisplatin on HK-2 cell viability and cell morphology. A: Cell viability after cisplatin treatment; B: Cell viability after naringin treatment; C: HK-2 cells′ H&E staining. Scale bar: 100 μm. Red arrows mark the cell tentacles. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M4">$ \bar{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> the control group , figureFileSmall=c1kHomhfOqeqoQOk0Z9XbQ==, figureFileBig=+V32PdFvk+V9b2z+qmzWuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704155756438439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z3boiDESHb2xL0qtuys5dw==, figureFileBig=m+xajjWwPbKzyn67F7S3yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704155840324524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259084012024333, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effect of naringin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells. 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柚皮苷通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤作用机制研究
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何珍 1 , 谈相云 1 , 杨俊 1 , 黄雨柔 1 , 邱振鹏 1, * , 杨渊 2, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路 2025,60(3): 606-614
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药学学报 | 专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路 2025, 60(3): 606-614
柚皮苷通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤作用机制研究
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何珍1, 谈相云1, 杨俊1, 黄雨柔1, 邱振鹏1, * , 杨渊2, *
作者信息
  • 1.湖北中医药大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医院 (武汉市妇幼保健院), 妇女儿童健康研究所, 湖北 武汉 430016

通讯作者:

*邱振鹏, Tel: 15972205117, E-mail:
杨渊, Tel: 18186605267, E-mail:
Mechanism of naringin in ameliorating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Zhen HE1, Xiang-yun TAN1, Jun YANG1, Yu-rou HUANG1, Zhen-peng QIU1, * , Yuan YANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 2. Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children′s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, China
出版时间: 2025-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0767
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急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI) 是一种常见的临床综合征, 其特征为肾功能骤然恶化。柚皮苷(naringin) 是一种广泛存在于芸香科的天然黄酮类化合物, 有报道显示其对肾损伤具有保护作用, 但作用机制尚未完全阐明。本研究在体内单次腹腔注射20 mg·kg-1顺铂建立小鼠AKI模型, 体外通过顺铂诱导肾小管上皮细胞(human kidney-2, HK-2) 损伤。试剂盒检测小鼠血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN) 和肌酐(creatinine, Cre) 水平。H&E及PAS染色观察各组小鼠肾组织病理学改变。ELISA检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6) 和肿瘤坏死因子α (tumour necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 水平。显微镜观察HK-2细胞形态变化。试剂盒检测HK-2细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平。Western blot检测肾组织和HK-2细胞中p-MAPK/MAPK、p-JNK/JNK、p-ERK/ERK、p-NF-κB/NF-κB、p-IκBα/IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白表达水平。结果显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠血清BUN、Cre、IL-6及TNF-α水平升高, 肾组织结构遭到破坏, 而柚皮苷可明显改善上述病理变化。此外, 柚皮苷显著减少了顺铂诱导的HK-2细胞ROS的产生。Western blot结果显示柚皮苷在体内外均显著减少了p-MAPK、p-JNK、p-ERK、p-NF-κB、p-IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白表达水平。综上, 柚皮苷可能通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB通路活化和减少ROS的产生, 进而改善顺铂诱导的AKI。所有动物实验均经过湖北中医药大学动物管理与使用委员会的审查批准(批准号: HUCMS202204001)。

柚皮苷  /  顺铂  /  急性肾损伤  /  MAPK/NF-κB信号通路  /  活性氧

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid deterioration in renal function. Naringin, a flavonoid abundant in the Rutaceae family, has been reported to provide protective effects against kidney injury. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects remain inadequately elucidated. In the present study, the AKI mouse model was established in vivo through a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg·kg-1 of cisplatin, and human kidney-2 (HK-2) cell injury was induced by cisplatin in vitro. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, along with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, were employed to evaluate changes in renal histopathology. Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the mice were assessed using ELISA, and the levels of these cytokines were further analyzed. Morphological alterations in HK-2 cells were examined microscopically. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells were quantified using an ELISA kit. The protein expression levels of p-MAPK/MAPK, p-JNK/JNK, p-ERK/ERK, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, p-IκBα/IκBα, IL-6, and TNF-α in renal tissue and HK-2 cells were evaluated through Western blot. The results showed that the serum BUN, Cre, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the model group mice increased and the renal tissue structure was damaged when compared to the control group, whereas naringin could significantly ameliorate the above pathological changes. Moreover, naringin significantly reduced cisplatin-induced ROS production in HK-2 cells. Western blot results confirmed that naringin notably attenuated the expression of p-MAPK, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-NF-κB, p-IκBα, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, naringin may ameliorate cisplatin-induced AKI by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway and reducing the production of ROS. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine (approval No: HUCMS202204001).

naringin  /  cisplatin  /  acute kidney injury  /  MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway  /  ROS
何珍, 谈相云, 杨俊, 黄雨柔, 邱振鹏, 杨渊. 柚皮苷通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路改善顺铂诱导的小鼠急性肾损伤作用机制研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (3) : 606 -614 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0767
Zhen HE, Xiang-yun TAN, Jun YANG, Yu-rou HUANG, Zhen-peng QIU, Yuan YANG. Mechanism of naringin in ameliorating cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (3) : 606 -614 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0767
急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI) 是一种常见的临床疾病, 表现为肾小球滤过功能迅速下降, 主要由低血压、脓毒症、肾毒素和肾缺血再灌注引起[1-3]。顺铂在恶性肿瘤的治疗中起着重要作用, 是治疗睾丸癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌和肺癌的一线化疗药物[4]。研究表明, 在成年患者使用顺铂治疗的过程中, 约有30%的患者出现AKI[5]。氨磷汀是目前临床用于预防顺铂引起肾毒性的主要药物, 但通常会引起低血压、恶心和呕吐等不良反应[6]。目前, 还缺乏有效预防和修复肾损伤的药物和治疗方法。
核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB) 是在免疫调节、炎症、凋亡和癌症中发挥关键作用的转录因子[7]。在非活性状态下, NF-κB和NF-κB抑制蛋白α (IκBα) 以结合形式存在于细胞质中[8]。当促炎细胞因子或活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 刺激时, IκBα激酶转化为磷酸化形式, NF-κB从结合物质中分离活化, 导致核易位, 从而调节靶基因。在AKI中, NF-κB信号通路被激活, 促进炎症细胞浸润和组织损伤。如肿瘤坏死因子α (tumour necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 激活NF-κB信号通路加重了AKI[9, 10]。此外, 过氧化物氧还原蛋白酶1 (peroxiredoxin 1, Prdx1) 通过增强mincle/Syk/NF-κB信号传导促进炎症, 从而加重了AKI[11]。p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38 MAPK) 通路是另一种重要的炎症信号通路, 它在抵抗氧化应激和凋亡中起着关键作用。在缺血-灌注诱导的AKI中, p38 MAPK通路的激活与氧化应激的加剧有关[12]。microRNA-21通过激活p38 MAPK通路在AKI中发挥作用, 增加细胞凋亡、炎症和纤维化[13]。近年来的研究揭示了NF-κB和p38 MAPK信号通路在AKI治疗中的潜力。这些研究表明, 干预NF-κB和p38 MAPK信号通路可以作为防治AKI的潜在策略。
柚皮苷(naringin) 是一种天然的黄酮苷, 主要存在于芸香科柑橘类水果以及枳壳、佛手、陈皮等中药材中, 具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌等多种药理活性, 在中药和现代药物研究中备受关注[14-17]。近年来的研究发现, 柚皮苷在缺血/再灌注性肾损伤及糖尿病肾病中表现出良好的疗效[18-20], 且还表现出抗炎和对ROS的清除作用[21], 提示其在肾脏保护药物开发中的前景。尽管柚皮苷显示出多种生物活性, 但其对顺铂诱导的AKI的潜在保护作用机制研究尚不清楚。因此, 本研究采用腹腔注射顺铂诱导小鼠AKI模型及体外顺铂诱导肾小管上皮细胞(human kidney-2, HK-2) 模型, 进一步阐明柚皮苷改善AKI的作用机制。
实验动物  从河南斯克贝斯生物科技股份有限公司购得32只6周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠, 许可证号SCXK (豫) 2020-005。对32只小鼠进行了为期1周的适应性饲养, 期间采用标准饲料, 并确保其在(25 ± 2) ℃的环境温度及12 h光照/12 h黑暗的周期中自由取食饮水。所有的动物实验操作均遵循了《湖北中医药大学动物实验及其操作指南》的规定, 并获得该校动物管理与使用委员会的审批(批准号: HUCMS202204001)。
实验细胞  HK-2细胞来源于武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司, 在含有10%胎牛血清、1%青-链霉素的DMEM/F12培养基中, 于37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱进行常规培养。
药品与试剂  柚皮苷(北京索莱宝科技有限公司, 807B024, 纯度≥98%); 顺铂(齐鲁制药有限公司, FA2Y3014A); 尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、肌酐(creatinine, Cre) 检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所, C013-1-1、C001-2-1); TNF-α、白细胞介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6) ELISA检测试剂盒(广州市睿信生物科技有限公司, RX202412M、RX203049M); ROS试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司, S0033S); MTT试剂(珠海博美生物科技有限公司, K191422); 苏木精、伊红、PAS染色液(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司, GC307020、G1005-2、GP1039); M-PERTM哺乳动物蛋白抽提试剂、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒、ECL超敏化学发光液(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司, Vl311347、VC294999、VC297103); 蛋白酶抑制剂、磷酸酶抑制剂(北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司, 01392、01385); 胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司, 42F2391K); DMEM/F12培养基(武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司, WHB824X051); 青霉素和链霉素、0.25%胰蛋白酶(美国Hyclone公司, J200044、J210005)。相关抗体: β-actin、anti-rabbit IgG、anti-mouse IgG、MAPK、p-MAPK、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)、p-JNK、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases, ERK)、p-ERK、NF-κB、p-NF-κB、IL-6、TNF-α购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司(4970、7074、7076、9212、9211、9252、9251、9102、4370、6959、3033、12912、8184); p-IκBα、IκBα (美国Abcam公司, ab239920、ab97783)。
仪器  分析天平(瑞士普利赛斯公司, 型号: XB220A); 组织细胞破碎仪(美国Next Advance公司, 型号: BT24MB-506EC); 冷冻离心机(德国Eppendorf公司, 型号: 5401GJ908391); 涡旋混合器(美国Scientific Industries公司, 型号: Vortex-Genie 2); 摇床(中国Kylin-bell公司, 型号: TS-2); 干式恒温器(中国杭州奥盛仪器有限公司, 型号: AS-MK10-1855); Power Pac Basic型电泳仪、x Mark型全波长酶标仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); GBOX型成像分析系统(美国Syngene公司); CO2细胞培养箱(日本Sanyo公司, 型号: MCO-15AC); 倒置显微镜、细胞计数器(日本Olympus公司, 型号: CKX31、TC20)。
AKI小鼠模型的建立、分组及给药  将32只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组(n = 8), 分别是对照组、模型组、柚皮苷低、高剂量组。对照组及模型组小鼠每天接受等量的生理盐水灌胃, 而低、高剂量柚皮苷组分别给予50、100 mg·kg-1柚皮苷灌胃(柚皮苷在70 ℃的水浴溶解于生理盐水中并冷却至室温), 连续灌胃10天, 模型组及给药组于给药第7天通过腹腔注射顺铂20 mg·kg-1 (顺铂溶于生理盐水) 构建小鼠AKI模型, 对照组腹腔注射等体积溶剂, 造模72 h后收集小鼠血液及肾脏。
检测小鼠血清中BUN及Cre水平  首先用异氟烷对小鼠实施麻醉, 随后通过眼眶采血获取血液样本, 室温静置1 h, 转速3 000 r·min-1, 离心10 min, 收集上层澄清液体, 即为血清, 严格按相应试剂盒说明书进行BUN、Cre的检测。
肾病理学观察  用多聚甲醛固定好肾组织, 用石蜡包埋, 切片机将其切成5 μm厚度的薄片, 分别用H&E和PAS染色后于显微镜下观察其病理学变化。
小鼠血清炎性细胞因子的测定  按照ELISA试剂盒说明书检测各组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6的含量。
MTT法测定柚皮苷、顺铂对HK-2细胞活力的影响  柚皮苷溶于DMSO, 配置成浓度为250 mmol·L-1母液, 设置空白组、对照组、2.5、5、10、25、50、100、200、400 μmol·L-1柚皮苷给药组, 每组6个复孔。顺铂溶于生理盐水, 配置成浓度为5 mmol·L-1母液, 设置空白组、对照组、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160 μmol·L-1顺铂给药组, 每组6个复孔。
取对数生长期的HK-2细胞, 制备特定体积的细胞悬液, 96孔板依据孔位被均衡地分配为空白组、对照组和给药组, 每组6个平行孔。空白组只加PBS, 对照组和给药组每孔加约含5×10³个细胞的100 μL细胞悬液。当细胞融合率达70%左右, 给药组各孔加入含100 μL含有对应浓度的柚皮苷、顺铂培养基, 对照组加100 μL相应的溶剂的培养基, 继续培养24 h, 每孔加入5 mg·mL-1 MTT溶液20 μL, 继续培养4 h, 后弃上清, 每孔加入150 μL DMSO, 于570 nm波长处检测吸光度, 并按照公式计算细胞存活率。
$ \mathrm{细}\mathrm{胞}\mathrm{存}\mathrm{活}\mathrm{率}=\frac{\left({A}_{\mathrm{给}\mathrm{药}}-{A}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}}\right)}{\left({A}_{\mathrm{对}\mathrm{照}}-{A}_{\mathrm{空}\mathrm{白}}\right)}\times 100\% $
细胞ROS检测  根据碧云天ROS检测试剂盒说明书, 用DCFH-DA荧光探针、37 ℃避光孵育染色20 min, PBS溶液洗涤2次, 分别通过荧光显微镜和流式细胞术检测, 分析ROS水平。
Western blot检测细胞及小鼠肾组织相关蛋白表达  分别提取各组小鼠肾组织及细胞蛋白, 经BCA定量后进行凝胶电泳、转膜、5%脱脂牛奶封闭、孵一抗过夜(稀释比例1∶1 000)、二抗(稀释比例1∶10 000)、ECL显色, 最后采用Image J软件进行灰度定量分析。
统计学方法  采用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行统计分析。所有数据均以均数±标准差表示, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
通过试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清BUN和Cre水平, 结果如图 1AB所示, 与对照组相比, 模型组小鼠血清中BUN和Cre水平显著升高, 而柚皮苷给药组小鼠BUN、Cre水平显著降低。连续10天同一时间段对小鼠体重进行称量, 结果如图 1C所示, 造模前, 各组小鼠生长状况正常, 造模后第三天, 除对照组外, 各组小鼠体重整体呈下降趋势, 而柚皮苷高剂量组小鼠体重下降趋势较缓。综上, 柚皮苷可有效缓解顺铂诱导的小鼠AKI, 对小鼠AKI具有预防作用。
H&E染色结果显示(图 2A), 对照组小鼠肾组织结构完整, 肾小管形状规则、排列整齐, 肾小球间隙正常, 无明显损伤。相反, 顺铂给药后伴随着肾小管扩张、坏死, 管型形成。PAS染色结果显示(图 2B), 对照组近端小管刷状缘清晰, 肾小球结构正常, 模型组刷状缘消失, 肾小球病变, 而经柚皮苷预处理组小鼠肾小管扩张改善、管型形成较少, 刷状缘清晰。以上结果表明, 顺铂导致小鼠肾组织病理损伤, 而柚皮苷可改善顺铂所致肾脏病理学改变, 具有肾脏保护作用。
通过ELISA检测小鼠血清炎性细胞因子水平, 结果如图 3所示, 模型组小鼠血清中炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6水平显著增加, 而柚皮苷处理组小鼠血清中炎性细胞因子明显降低, 表明柚皮苷可以降低顺铂诱导的小鼠肝脏炎性细胞因子水平, 抑制炎症反应。
MAPK/NF-κB是调节炎症的重要途径, 它的激活被证明与AKI的发展密切相关, 本研究采用Western blot法检测MAPK/NF-κB通路相关蛋白, 结果显示(图 4), 与对照组相比, 顺铂处理组小鼠MAPK、ERK、JNK、NF-κB及IκBα蛋白磷酸化水平增加, IL-6和TNF-α蛋白水平升高, 而柚皮苷预处理显著降低了p-MAPK、p-JNK、p-ERK、p-NF-κB、p-IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白表达水平, 其中100 mg·kg-1剂量柚皮苷处理的蛋白磷酸化水平降低最为显著, 这些结果表明, 柚皮苷可能通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路缓解顺铂诱导的AKI。
为探究柚皮苷和顺铂对HK-2细胞活力的影响, 使用不同浓度的柚皮苷(0、2.5、5、10、25、50、100、200、400 μmol·L-1) 和顺铂(0、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160 μmol·L-1) 处理HK-2细胞24 h后, 利用MTT法检测, 结果表明(图 5AB), 当顺铂浓度大于20 μmol·L-1, 细胞活力明显下降, 柚皮苷浓度为0.5~50 μmol·L-1时对HK-2细胞活力无明显影响, 当柚皮苷浓度大于50 μmol·L-1时, 细胞活力明显下降。因此, 选择20 μmol·L-1顺铂作为造模条件, 25、50 μmol·L-1柚皮苷作为后续给药条件。
对于细胞形态学研究(图 5C), 20 μmol·L-1顺铂诱导24 h后, 立即通过光学显微镜观察HK-2细胞形态。此外, H&E染色用于描绘细胞更精细的形态特征。正常状态下, HK-2细胞呈典型的扁平上皮细胞形态, 细胞紧密连接, 大而丰满; 顺铂处理后的HK-2细胞触手的数量和长度增加, 细胞失去自然形状, 形态不规则、无序, 细胞密度减小, 而柚皮苷处理过的细胞形态趋于正常。
使用荧光显微镜和流式细胞术评估各组细胞ROS水平, 结果如图所示(图 6)。与MOCK组相比, 顺铂处理显示出较多的绿色荧光, ROS水平显著升高; 与顺铂处理组相比, 柚皮苷给药组绿色荧光减弱, ROS水平显著降低。以上结果说明, 柚皮苷可有效改善顺铂诱导的HK-2细胞ROS产生。
采用顺铂诱导HK-2细胞构建体外AKI模型, 通过Western blot检测HK-2细胞中MAPK/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达水平(图 7), 结果表明, 与MOCK组比较, 模型组p-MAPK、p-ERK、p-JNK、p-NF-κB、p-IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白水平显著上调; 与模型组相比, 柚皮苷给药组p-MAPK、p-ERK、p-JNK、p-NF-κB、p-IκBα、IL-6及TNF-α蛋白水平降低, 且柚皮苷高剂量给药组效果优于低剂量给药组。上述结果提示, 柚皮苷可能通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路而发挥肾脏保护作用。
顺铂是临床最常见的抗癌药物之一, 具有抗癌谱广、穿透力强、疗效高与多种抗肿瘤药物协同作用等特点[22]。然而, 顺铂易伴随血液循环到达全身细胞, 通常伴有各种毒副作用, 包括肾毒性、神经毒性、耳毒性和耐药性[23]。AKI已成为全球公共卫生问题, 由于较高的死亡率和昂贵的治疗费用, 给发展中国家带来了沉重的医疗负担[24]。尽管已经引入了各种方法来克服顺铂介导的肾毒性, 但迄今为止, 除了肾脏替代疗法外, 还没有针对顺铂介导的AKI有效的药物治疗策略。
研究显示, 顺铂诱导的AKI是一个多步骤、多因素参与的病理过程。ROS的积累在其中发挥关键作用[25]。ROS作为一种重要的自由基, 当与DNA或其他分子结合时, 会形成具有生物毒性的羟自由基(·OH), 而·OH可与其他分子相互作用, 诱发炎症反应、造成细胞损伤、凋亡或坏死[26, 27]。同时·OH还可以通过经典NF-κB途径诱导促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的产生, 从而引起肾脏炎症[28, 29]。MAPKs是一类在细胞信号传导中起关键作用的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶, 包括ERK、JNK和p38 MAPK三个分支[30, 31]。MAPK通路的激活是引发肾小管上皮细胞损伤和死亡的重要机制[32], 研究表明, JNK和p38的激活, 可以引起促炎因子如TNF-α和IL-6的释放, 加剧肾脏的炎症反应[33, 34]。此外, 磷酸化的ERK还可以通过与JNK相互作用, 促使NF-κB入核, 增强其转录活性, 导致肾脏炎症反应加剧。总之, 以上两条通路在调节炎症方面发挥着重要作用, 共同调节肾脏的免疫和炎症状态。
天然产物和草药在治疗AKI方面具有巨大的潜力[35]。柚皮苷是一种在柑橘类水果中发现的二氢黄酮类化合物, 在医药、食品及化妆品等领域具有广阔的应用前景[14]。据报道, 柚皮苷具有显著的抗炎及抗氧化作用[36-38]。目前临床上主要用于治疗心脑血管及恶性肿瘤等多种疾病。但柚皮苷是否可以通过调节MAPK/NF-κB信号通路减轻肾细胞损伤, 尚不明确。因此, 本研究通过单次大剂量腹腔注射顺铂诱导小鼠AKI模型及顺铂诱导HK-2细胞体外模型, 探索柚皮苷对AKI模型小鼠肾损伤标志物BUN、Cre、炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6水平及肾脏组织病理学异常的影响, 检测HK-2细胞ROS水平及NF-κB的核转位情况。结果发现, 柚皮苷可有效降低小鼠血清中BUN、Cre、TNF-α及IL-6水平, 减少p-MAPK、p-ERK、p-JNK、p-NF-κB、p-IκBα、TNF-α和IL-6的蛋白表达, 从而减轻肾细胞损伤。综上, 柚皮苷通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路和ROS的产生, 抑制下游炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的释放, 从而减轻顺铂诱导的AKI, 为临床预防顺铂诱导的AKI提供了理论依据。
作者贡献: 何珍负责实验设计及研究、数据采集、论文撰写; 谈相云负责查阅文献并参与数据分析; 杨俊、黄雨柔负责图表制作; 邱振鹏、杨渊负责研究思路指导、论文修改、提供研究经费。所有作者阅读并认可终稿。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2019CFB381)
  • 武汉市卫生健康科研基金资助(WZ24B07)
  • 武汉市卫健委青年人才资助“晨星计划”(武卫发(2023)28号)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0767
  • 接收时间:2024-08-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-08
  • 修回日期:2024-09-12
基金
湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2019CFB381)
武汉市卫生健康科研基金资助(WZ24B07)
武汉市卫健委青年人才资助“晨星计划”(武卫发(2023)28号)
作者信息
    1.湖北中医药大学药学院, 湖北 武汉 430065
    2.华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医院 (武汉市妇幼保健院), 妇女儿童健康研究所, 湖北 武汉 430016

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*邱振鹏, Tel: 15972205117, E-mail:
杨渊, Tel: 18186605267, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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