Article(id=1193259082774704635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0971, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728403200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-09, revisedDate=1737216000000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762424735014, onlineDateStr=2025-11-06, pubDate=1741708800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762424735014, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762424735014, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762424735014, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193259081696772901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='533', pageEnd='842', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762424734756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764224876724, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200809424412602670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200809424412602671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1193259081696772901, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=627, endPage=636, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193259083051528702, articleId=1193259082774704635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Integrated machine learning and network pharmacology approach for exploring the material basis of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke, columnId=1193259082502079273, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Multi-disciplinary exploration in the current situation and future direction of the modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study investigates the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in treating ischemic stroke (IS). Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of BHD, demonstrating significant improvements in neurological function scores, prolonged rotarod retention time, and reductions in both infarct volume and brain water content. An unsupervised clustering algorithm was employed to identify active components of BHD by clustering them with FDA-approved drugs for ischemic stroke treatment. Combined with network pharmacology analysis, the mechanisms of these active components were predicted to be associated with anti-inflammatory pathways. Further validation using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cell model demonstrated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of seven key active components, with their effects on anti-inflammatory activity and cell viability assessed via the Griess and MTT assays. Additionally, the content of these active components in BHD was quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In conclusion, this study elucidates the critical active components of BHD and their potential pharmacological mechanisms, providing valuable insights for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and its application in ischemic stroke therapy. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal and Medical Ethics Committee of Northeastern University (approval No.: NEU-EC-2023A052S).

, correspAuthors=Da-kuo HE, Yue HOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Feng WANG, Qing-qi MENG, Qing LIU, Ying LIU, Lu SUN, Yan MI, Dan-yang MU, Da-kuo HE, Yue HOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193259634543784123, articleId=1193259082774704635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于机器学习与网络药理学探究补阳还五汤治疗缺血性脑卒中的物质基础, columnId=1193259082653074221, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了探究补阳还五汤(Buyang Huanwu Decoction, BHD) 抗缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke, IS) 药效作用及机制, 本研究建立了大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, MCAO/R) 大鼠模型, 初步评价了BHD在MCAO/R动物模型中的抗IS药效作用, 然后将补阳还五汤的活性成分与FDA批准临床治疗IS的药物进行无监督聚类, 并结合网络药理学预测活性成分的作用机制, 最后建立脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的BV-2细胞模型, 采用Griess法和MTT法对BHD成分的抗炎活性及对细胞存活率的影响进行分析。结果显示, BHD能显著改善MCAO/R大鼠的神经功能评分, 延长转棒停留时间, 降低脑梗死体积及脑含水量, 无监督聚类算法筛选得到BHD发挥药效的活性成分共7个, 结合网络药理学预测分析活性成分的作用机制可能与炎症相关, 使用LPS诱导BV-2细胞模型验证BHD活性成分的抗炎药效, 并通过建立液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS) 考察不同活性成分在BHD中的含量。综上所述, 本研究明确了补阳还五汤治疗IS的关键活性成分及其潜在的药效机制, 对传统中药的现代化研究具有重要意义。所有动物实验均通过东北大学生物与医学伦理委员会审核批准(批准号: NEU-EC-2023A052S)。

, correspAuthors=何大阔, 侯悦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*何大阔, E-mail:
侯悦, E-mail:
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Chin Med, 2021, 16: 2., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1194704367199691039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, awardId=2022JH13/10200026, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省重点实验室(2022JH13/10200026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1194704367258411296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, awardId=N2220002, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(N2220002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194704362334298321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194704362342686930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, companyId=1194704362334298321, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Shenyang 110170, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194704362346881235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, companyId=1194704362334298321, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东北大学生命科学与健康学院, 辽宁省生物资源开发利用重点实验室, 工业智能与系统优化国家级前沿科学中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110170)]), AuthorCompany(id=1194704362405601492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194704362409795797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, companyId=1194704362405601492, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Information Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang 110004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194704362418184406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, companyId=1194704362405601492, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.东北大学信息科学与工程学院, 流程工业综合自动化国家重点实验室, 辽宁 沈阳 110004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1194704362481098967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194704362485293272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, companyId=1194704362481098967, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194704362493681881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, companyId=1194704362481098967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.沈阳药科大学药学院, 辽宁 本溪 117004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194704366176280849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3SOMsD+HfbSdsoOS6NmmqQ==, figureFileBig=UkwhsgKYCEq/uAs/FTP8LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366247584018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The total ions current of BHD in negative ion mode. BHD: Buyang Huanwu Decoction , figureFileSmall=3SOMsD+HfbSdsoOS6NmmqQ==, figureFileBig=UkwhsgKYCEq/uAs/FTP8LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366331470099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=P3929T7Pkfmf1BXFn0+GwA==, figureFileBig=oD8vjpX3yzu4JUcSiC8rbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366411161876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= BHD alleviated ischemia-reperfusion injury after MCAO/R. A: Seven herbal medicines in BHD; B: Flow chart of the experiment; C, D: Neurological scores were evaluated at 0 h (C) and 14 d (D) after reperfusion; E-H: Rotarod test (E), infarct volume (F, G), and cerebral edema (H) were evaluated at 14 d after reperfusion. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± SEM. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> sham group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> MCAO/R group. MCAO/R: Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion , figureFileSmall=P3929T7Pkfmf1BXFn0+GwA==, figureFileBig=oD8vjpX3yzu4JUcSiC8rbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366474076437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LDmneUl+f5tNqAGdc25HeA==, figureFileBig=VPtcszbD+7F7+AsbyBla3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366532796694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Machine learning approach to mining BHD active ingredients. A: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of BHD compounds and approved drugs based on similarity of chemical structure, unsupervised cluster analysis study of BHD components and FDA therapeutic IS drugs; B-E: Affinity propagation (B), Agglomerative cluster (C), Butina (D) and K-Means (E) clustering algorithms were used for the study; F: Seven compounds were taken into account in following analysis. IS: Ischemic stroke , figureFileSmall=LDmneUl+f5tNqAGdc25HeA==, figureFileBig=VPtcszbD+7F7+AsbyBla3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366608294167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FoJs2h8S3n2HYqwVbq1s2g==, figureFileBig=wcqkuWXz9jyilcC7mgQD8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366675403032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Network pharmacology analysis by BHD compounds for the treatment of cerebral IS. A: The top 10 significantly enriched terms of the hub genes in KEGG pathways; B: The top 10 significantly enriched terms of MCODE cluster1 in KEGG pathways , figureFileSmall=FoJs2h8S3n2HYqwVbq1s2g==, figureFileBig=wcqkuWXz9jyilcC7mgQD8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366746706201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WUF/cfhFULOVXDPKQBZRXQ==, figureFileBig=eRQ2GRJXiCDbt8fjonh3GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366813815066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Molecular docking analysis by BHD compounds and FDA approved drugs for the treatment of IS. A: Molecular docking score heatmap of BHD compounds and FDA-approved drugs with core targets; B: Molecular docking diagram of BHD compounds and core targets , figureFileSmall=WUF/cfhFULOVXDPKQBZRXQ==, figureFileBig=eRQ2GRJXiCDbt8fjonh3GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366885118235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jV4Wr5GGcVltCUzUbglM2A==, figureFileBig=/jdDFf4rmhLC2zhK6Psz3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704366952227100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory activity of predicted active ingredients. The effect of compound formononetin (A, D), baicalein (B, E) and luteolin (C, F) on the rate of cell viability and NO release in the LPS-induced BV-2 cell model was measured. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± SEM. <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> LPS group. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide , figureFileSmall=jV4Wr5GGcVltCUzUbglM2A==, figureFileBig=/jdDFf4rmhLC2zhK6Psz3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194704367015141661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ComponentPeak area of chemical reference substances (5 μg·mL-1)Peak area of BHD (50 mg·mL-1)Concentration of the substance/μg·mL-1Ingredient content in herbal medicine/μg·g-1
Formononetin30 3871 5270.132.51
Calycosin14 9291 8690.316.26
), ArticleFig(id=1194704367078056222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1193259082774704635, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The contents of the components in BHD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ComponentPeak area of chemical reference substances (5 μg·mL-1)Peak area of BHD (50 mg·mL-1)Concentration of the substance/μg·mL-1Ingredient content in herbal medicine/μg·g-1
Formononetin30 3871 5270.132.51
Calycosin14 9291 8690.316.26
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基于机器学习与网络药理学探究补阳还五汤治疗缺血性脑卒中的物质基础
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王丰 1 , 孟庆琦 1 , 刘晴 2 , 刘影 3 , 孙璐 3 , 米妍 1 , 穆丹阳 1 , 何大阔 2, * , 侯悦 1, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路 2025,60(3): 627-636
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药学学报 | 专题报道: 以多学科交叉探寻中药现代化发展之路 2025, 60(3): 627-636
基于机器学习与网络药理学探究补阳还五汤治疗缺血性脑卒中的物质基础
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王丰1, 孟庆琦1, 刘晴2, 刘影3, 孙璐3, 米妍1, 穆丹阳1, 何大阔2, * , 侯悦1, *
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学生命科学与健康学院, 辽宁省生物资源开发利用重点实验室, 工业智能与系统优化国家级前沿科学中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110170
  • 2.东北大学信息科学与工程学院, 流程工业综合自动化国家重点实验室, 辽宁 沈阳 110004
  • 3.沈阳药科大学药学院, 辽宁 本溪 117004

通讯作者:

*何大阔, E-mail:
侯悦, E-mail:
Integrated machine learning and network pharmacology approach for exploring the material basis of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke
Feng WANG1, Qing-qi MENG1, Qing LIU2, Ying LIU3, Lu SUN3, Yan MI1, Dan-yang MU1, Da-kuo HE2, * , Yue HOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Shenyang 110170, China
  • 2. College of Information Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang 110004, China
  • 3. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
出版时间: 2025-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0971
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为了探究补阳还五汤(Buyang Huanwu Decoction, BHD) 抗缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke, IS) 药效作用及机制, 本研究建立了大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, MCAO/R) 大鼠模型, 初步评价了BHD在MCAO/R动物模型中的抗IS药效作用, 然后将补阳还五汤的活性成分与FDA批准临床治疗IS的药物进行无监督聚类, 并结合网络药理学预测活性成分的作用机制, 最后建立脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的BV-2细胞模型, 采用Griess法和MTT法对BHD成分的抗炎活性及对细胞存活率的影响进行分析。结果显示, BHD能显著改善MCAO/R大鼠的神经功能评分, 延长转棒停留时间, 降低脑梗死体积及脑含水量, 无监督聚类算法筛选得到BHD发挥药效的活性成分共7个, 结合网络药理学预测分析活性成分的作用机制可能与炎症相关, 使用LPS诱导BV-2细胞模型验证BHD活性成分的抗炎药效, 并通过建立液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS) 考察不同活性成分在BHD中的含量。综上所述, 本研究明确了补阳还五汤治疗IS的关键活性成分及其潜在的药效机制, 对传统中药的现代化研究具有重要意义。所有动物实验均通过东北大学生物与医学伦理委员会审核批准(批准号: NEU-EC-2023A052S)。

脑卒中  /  机器学习  /  网络药理学  /  补阳还五汤  /  无监督聚类

The study investigates the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in treating ischemic stroke (IS). Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of BHD, demonstrating significant improvements in neurological function scores, prolonged rotarod retention time, and reductions in both infarct volume and brain water content. An unsupervised clustering algorithm was employed to identify active components of BHD by clustering them with FDA-approved drugs for ischemic stroke treatment. Combined with network pharmacology analysis, the mechanisms of these active components were predicted to be associated with anti-inflammatory pathways. Further validation using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cell model demonstrated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of seven key active components, with their effects on anti-inflammatory activity and cell viability assessed via the Griess and MTT assays. Additionally, the content of these active components in BHD was quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In conclusion, this study elucidates the critical active components of BHD and their potential pharmacological mechanisms, providing valuable insights for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and its application in ischemic stroke therapy. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal and Medical Ethics Committee of Northeastern University (approval No.: NEU-EC-2023A052S).

stroke  /  machine learning  /  network pharmacology  /  Buyang Huanwu Decoction  /  unsupervised clustering
王丰, 孟庆琦, 刘晴, 刘影, 孙璐, 米妍, 穆丹阳, 何大阔, 侯悦. 基于机器学习与网络药理学探究补阳还五汤治疗缺血性脑卒中的物质基础. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (3) : 627 -636 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0971
Feng WANG, Qing-qi MENG, Qing LIU, Ying LIU, Lu SUN, Yan MI, Dan-yang MU, Da-kuo HE, Yue HOU. Integrated machine learning and network pharmacology approach for exploring the material basis of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for ischemic stroke[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (3) : 627 -636 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0971
缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke, IS) 在全球范围内是导致死亡和残疾的主要因素之一, 其发病机制复杂, 涉及脑血流减少、能量代谢障碍、炎症反应等多个因素[1]。尽管目前已存在多种治疗手段, 包括溶栓、抗凝等, 但疗效有限, 且存在较高的不良反应风险。因此, 探索更加安全有效的治疗策略是当前脑卒中研究的重点方向之一。
中医药治疗注重整体观念, 中药具有多途径、多靶点的作用特点, 对IS等多种心脑血管疾病的治疗具有重要临床意义[2]。中药复方补阳还五汤(Buyang Huanwu Decoction, BHD) 因其在促进脑血流、减轻脑损伤方面的显著效果, 成为IS治疗领域的重要研究对象[3-5]。然而, BHD发挥疗效的物质基础及其作用机制尚未被充分阐明, 限制了其在临床中的更广泛应用。
机器学习以其强大的数据处理能力, 在处理大规模、多维度的数据时, 展现出传统分析方法无法比拟的优势, 能够从复杂的药物成分中挖掘出潜在的关键活性成分[6, 7]。为了探究BHD抗IS的物质基础, 本研究引入了机器学习的无监督聚类方法, 通过对BHD的活性成分进行系统筛选和分析, 揭示其与临床批准的用于治疗IS药物的结构相似性。通过无监督聚类, 能够将药物活性成分与已知的IS药物进行分类比较, 从而筛选出与补阳还五汤疗效密切相关的关键成分[8]。针对筛选出的活性成分, 采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的BV-2细胞对成分的抗炎活性进行评估, 并结合液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS) 测定活性成分的含量。这种基于机器学习的跨学科创新方法, 不仅提高了研究的效率, 也为后续的网络药理学和实验验证奠定了坚实基础。
本研究建立大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, MCAO/R) 大鼠模型考察BHD对神经功能评分、转棒停留时间、脑梗死体积及脑含水量的改善作用, 结合机器学习和网络药理学分析探究BHD发挥抗IS药效的关键活性成分, 并建立LPS诱导的BV-2细胞模型检测筛选成分对NO释放率和细胞存活率的影响, 结合LC-MS测定活性成分的含量, 以期为BHD的临床应用提供理论基础和科学依据。
药品、试剂与细胞系  三溴乙醇[1420, 梯希爱(上海) 化成工业发展有限公司] 溶解于叔戊醇(A800284, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司)。氯化三苯基四氮唑(2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TTC, 批号: T8170) 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司。丁苯酞(DL-NBP, 批号: 11110651, 石药集团), 溶解于植物油, 临用前配制。本实验所用BHD由黄芪120 g、当归3 g、赤芍5 g、地龙3 g、川芎3 g、红花3 g、桃仁3 g组成, 所有药材购自北京同仁堂药店。将上述中药材加入水中浸泡充分后, 进行两次煎煮, 每次40 min。煎液过滤后合并, 并浓缩至原药材4 g·mL-1备用, 制备得率为82.73%。黄芩素(货号: A0018)、木犀草素(货号: A0108)、芒柄花黄素(货号: A0232)、槲皮素(货号: A0083)、山柰酚(货号: A0129)、异鼠李素(货号: A0190) 和毛蕊异黄酮(货号: A0514) 购自成都曼斯特生物科技有限公司。BV-2细胞由南开大学药学院赠送。DMEM高糖培养基(货号: 11965092) 和0.25% trypsin-EDTA (货号: 25200-072) 购自Gibco公司; fetal bovine serum (货号: 164210) 购自武汉普诺赛生物科技有限公司。
Waters XevoTM G2 Q-TOF/MS质谱仪购自美国Waters科技有限公司; 多功能微孔板检测仪(BioTek Synergy H1) 购自安捷伦科技有限公司; 二氧化碳培养箱购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司。
实验动物  健康雄性SD大鼠, 体重200~220 g, SPF级, 购于辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司, 许可证号为SCXK (辽) 2015-0001。以上动物均在东北大学生命医学实验室饲养, 室温20~25 ℃, 相对湿度40%~60%, 采用标准方式饲养, 明暗环境各交替12 h。所有动物实验已通过东北大学生物与医学伦理委员会审核批准(批准号: NEU-EC-2023A052S)。
MCAO/R模型制备及动物分组  将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组和阳性对照药丁苯酞组。
所有大鼠均采用2.5%三溴乙醇麻醉, 麻醉后进行常规消毒, 暴露右侧颈总动脉(common carotid artery, CCA)、外颈动脉(external carotid artery, ECA) 和内颈动脉(internal carotid artery, ICA)。使用硅胶包覆的尼龙单丝插入外颈动脉, 并将单丝推进至中大脑动脉(middle cerebral artery, MCA), 实现局部缺血。缺血持续1 h后, 迅速移除单丝以启动再灌注, 再灌注持续2 h。假手术组大鼠仅暴露右侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉和外颈动脉操作, 不做其他干预。术后2 h开始干预, 补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组分别以14.5、29、58 g·kg-1进行灌胃给药, 给药体积约为10 mL·kg-1, 阳性对照药丁苯酞组以80 mg·kg-1进行灌胃给药, 假手术组和模型组大鼠则给予等体积蒸馏水灌胃[9, 10]
本研究共纳入60只大鼠, 其中52只用于后续实验, 8只大鼠因死亡被排除, MCAO/R大鼠的总死亡率为13.3%。根据文献和之前的研究, 成功的MCAO模型应满足以下3个标准: ①术后24 h神经功能评分(五分制) 大于2; ②缺血侧大脑血流(CBF) 在动脉阻塞后减少20%~30%; ③术后再灌注24 h后, 缺血侧CBF减少40%~60%。所有不能满足这3个标准或死亡的MCAO大鼠均被排除。5只大鼠因未符合纳入标准而被排除, 剩余47只大鼠用于后续实验。
行为学评分  改良神经功能缺损评分(modified neurological severity score, mNSS) 分别于缺血再灌注后、术后14天评估大鼠神经功能。包括运动实验、感觉实验和平衡木测试等方面, 最高分18分, 最低分0分。评分越高代表神经功能损伤程度越重。
转棒实验  转棒实验分别于术前、术后14天评估大脑损伤后大鼠的运动功能。所有大鼠在MCAO/R手术前接受了为期3天的训练, 每天进行3次训练, 间隔120 min。训练期间, 转棒速度设定为10 r·min-1, 持续5 min。在正式测试中, 转棒速度从4 r·min-1逐渐增加至40 r·min-1, 持续300 s, 记录每只大鼠掉落的时间、速度及距离[11]
脑梗死体积测定  断头处死大鼠后, 迅速取出脑组织, 弃去小脑、嗅球, 脑组织按冠状位切成5片, 每片厚度2 mm, 切片置于2% TTC染液中, 37 ℃恒温箱避光孵育30 min, 染色完毕拍照后采用Image J软件测量脑梗死面积百分比。脑梗死面积百分比(%) =[(左侧半球体积-右侧半球未梗死区体积)/左侧半球体积]×100%[12, 13]
脑水肿检测  断头处死大鼠后, 迅速取出脑组织, 称湿重, 然后将脑组织置于100 ℃恒温干燥箱中, 烘干24 h至恒重即为干重。脑水肿百分比= (湿重-干重)/湿重×100%。
BHD活性成分收集与无监督聚类  将BHD组方中的黄芪、当归、红花、桃仁、赤芍、地龙和川芎七味药材, 使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, TCMSP, https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php) 数据库和SymMap (http://www.symmap.org/) 数据库进行检索, 活性成分通过PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 数据库的“canonical SMILES”进行标准化, 并使用RDKit计算活性成分类药性, 共得到80个化学成分。利用RDKit指纹计算化合物的化学结构相似性, 设置参数为NumBits = 1 024, MinPathLength = 1, MaxPathLength = 7, 计算Tanimoto相似性。Tanimoto相似性用于衡量两分子结构相似性, 通过在Python中使用RDKit库, 结合4种无监督聚类算法(K-means、Affinity propagation、Agglomerative clustering和Butina), 对BHD化合物与FDA批准药物进行聚类分析。
BHD活性成分靶点和IS靶点收集  BHD的活性成分靶点信息来自TCMSP和SwissTargetPrediction (http://swisstargetprediction.ch/) 数据库, 与IS相关的靶点信息则来源于GeneCards (https://www.genecards.org/)、DisGeNET (https://disgenet.cn/) 及Therapeutic Target Databases (TTD, https://db.idrblab.net/ttd/) 数据库。通过在这些数据库中搜索关键词“ischemic stroke”, 筛选出与IS密切相关的潜在治疗靶点。同时整合转录组数据作为IS的潜在治疗靶点, 转录组数据来自Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) 数据库, 具体包含数据集GSE16561和GSE58294。前者包含39例IS患者样本和24例正常样本, 后者包含69例IS患者样本和23例正常样本。下载原始数据后, 使用R包“Limma”进行数据归一化处理, 并通过基因差异表达分析对这些数据进行比较, 筛选出与IS相关的差异基因。分析的阈值设置为P < 0.05和|log2fold change| > 0。
药物与疾病交集靶点的筛选  运用Veney 2.1.0 (http://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/) 将BHD中主要活性成分的靶点与IS相关的疾病靶点取交集, 制作韦恩图。
KEGG富集分析  利用生物信息学工具“微生信” (https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/) 研究了BHD活性成分在治疗IS靶点中的生物学作用及其信号转导途径。途径分类数据来自KEGG (http://www.genome.jp/KEGG/)。
构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI) 网络  将筛选出的共同靶点导入STRING 11.0 (https://cn.string-db.org/) 进行PPI网络的拓扑分析, 综合评分大于0.9作为优先级筛选标准。随后, 利用Cytoscape 3.8.2构建了包含潜在关键靶点的PPI网络, 并对网络参数进行了全面评估。在此基础上, 应用MCODE算法对PPI网络进行模块化分析, 选择最低P值的最高评分项进行模块的功能注释, 从而识别并解释网络中的重要功能特征。
分子对接  在PDB数据库中下载关键作用靶点蛋白的“PDB”格式晶体结构, 在PubChem数据库中下载核心活性成分的“SDF”格式结构。通过Schrödinger软件中的“Maestro”模块对蛋白质进行去水、加氢等操作, 对配体进行预处理。通过docking score评价受体-配体相互作用情况, 并展示3D效果图。
细胞培养  BV-2细胞在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中生长, 并在37 ℃、5% CO2的恒温培养箱中生长。
Griess法检测一氧化氮释放率  将BV-2细胞接种于96孔板, 每孔2×104个细胞, 在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养24 h。弃去培养基, 实验组加入不同浓度的活性成分, LPS组和空白对照组分别加入相应的培养基, LPS终浓度为100 ng·mL-1。继续孵育24 h后, 取上清液100 μL, 加入等体积的Griess试剂(1%磺胺酰胺和0.1% N-1-萘基乙二胺, 均溶于2.5%磷酸溶液), 室温反应10 min。通过酶标仪在540 nm波长下测定吸光度, 计算NO的释放量。所有实验重复3次, 并根据标准曲线计算NO的浓度[14]
MTT法检测细胞存活率  将BV-2细胞接种于96孔板, 每孔2×104个细胞, 常规培养条件下(37 ℃, 5% CO₂) 培养24 h, 确保细胞生长良好。根据实验设计, 选择7种活性成分, 包括芒柄花黄素、木犀草素等, 每个活性成分设置对应的6个实验组: 对照组(仅加入相应培养基)、模型组(加入LPS, 终浓度100 ng·mL-1)、不同药物浓度组(含有终浓度为100 ng·mL-1 LPS)[15-20]。所有实验组在培养24 h后, 分别进行处理, 并继续培养24 h。孵育结束后, 每孔加入20 μL浓度为5 mg·mL-1 MTT溶液, 在37 ℃孵育4 h。吸去上清, 加入150 μL DMSO溶解生成的紫色结晶, 震荡10 min至完全溶解, 使用酶标仪在490 nm波长下测定吸光度(OD) 值。通过OD值计算各组细胞存活率, 并以对照组的存活率为100%进行相对计算[21]
采用LC-MS进行定量分析  供试品溶液补阳还五汤合煎液浓度为4 g·mL-1 (以生药材计), 用70%甲醇稀释至50 μg·mL-1
对照品溶液  取槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素、芒柄花黄素、木犀草素、黄芩素、毛蕊异黄酮、芍药苷、黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸、苦杏仁苷11种对照品适量, 精密称定, 置于11个离心管中, 加入甲醇制备成质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1单独对照品母液。
分别取上述单独对照品母液10 μL, 共计110 μL, 然后加入1 890 μL 70%甲醇稀释, 制得5 μg·mL-1混合对照品溶液。
色谱条件  采用Waters ACQUITY UHPLCTM系统, 色谱柱: ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm); 流动相A: 乙腈, B: 0.1%甲酸水; 流速: 0.4 mL·min-1; 梯度洗脱, 梯度洗脱程序见下表, 柱温: 40 ℃; 自动进样器温度: 10 ℃; 进样量: 5 μL。梯度条件如下: 0~1 min, 5% A; 1~6 min, 5%~40% A; 6~10 min, 40%~99% A; 10~12 min, 99% A; 12~15 min, 5% A。
质谱条件  采用XevoTM G2 Q-TOF/MS系统, 离子源为ESI源, 负离子模式检测, 毛细管电压1.0 kV, 锥孔电压40 V, 二级锥孔电压1 V, 离子源温度110 ℃, 去溶剂气温度500 ℃, 去溶剂气流量700 L·h-1, 扫描质量范围: m/z 50~1 200, 扫描时间0.2 s, 以centroid模式进行数据采集, 采用亮氨酸-脑啡肽([M-H]-, 554.261 5) 作为LockSpray校正标准液, 流速为10 μL·min-1
统计学分析  数据表示为x ± SEM。统计分析采用SPSS 22.0软件进行。用t检验确定两组间的统计学显著性。为了比较多组, 使用单因素方差分析, 通过Tukey's检验或Dunnett's T3检验确定显著性差异。P < 0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
采用LC-MS分析BHD的化学成分, 获得每种化合物的保留时间和质谱数据, 共鉴定出6种化学成分, 包括芒柄花黄素、毛蕊异黄酮、芍药苷、黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸和苦杏仁苷, 结果如图 1所示。
研究系统评估了BHD对大鼠MCAO/R模型所致缺血再灌注损伤的缓解作用。BHD的组成药物如图 2A所示, 实验流程如图 2B所示。
与假手术组比较, 模型组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、转棒测试的停留时间、脑梗死体积及脑水含量显著升高(P < 0.05), 灌胃给予BHD (14.5、29、58 g·kg-1) 能够显著降低神经功能评分, 并延长旋转杆测试中的潜伏期(图 2C~E)。此外, BHD (14.5、29和58 g·kg-1) 还显著减少了脑梗死体积及脑水含量(图 2F~H)。这些结果表明, BHD能够有效减轻MCAO/R大鼠的缺血性损伤。
通过整合TCMSP和SYMMAP数据库, 初步收集了与7种单味药相关的775种活性成分。基于RDKit计算活性成分类药性, 最终筛选出80种BHD的活性成分, 作为进一步研究的候选化合物(图 3A)。为了探讨这些化合物与FDA批准的用于治疗IS药物之间的潜在联系, 采用无监督聚类分析, 对BHD的活性成分进行进一步研究。聚类算法包括Affinity propagation (图 3B)、Agglomerative clustering (图 3C)、Butina (图 3D) 和K-Means (图 3E)。基于化学结构相似性, 确定了BHD中41种与FDA批准的IS药物具有较高结构相似性的候选化合物。随后, 结合化合物的可获取性和成本效益分析, 进一步筛选出7种成本低于200美元的化合物作为最终的候选物(图 3F), 进入后续的深入研究。
为了进一步探讨这些候选化合物在治疗IS中的潜在作用机制, 进行了网络药理学分析。首先, 通过GEO数据库的差异表达分析, 结合GeneCards、DisGeNET等数据库的整合, 最终收集到6 444个与IS相关的靶点。经过去除重复靶点后, 最终筛选出143个与BHD活性成分相关的潜在靶蛋白。对这143个靶点进行了KEGG通路富集分析, 结果显示, IL-17信号通路、TNF信号通路等炎症相关通路在IS病理过程中具有重要作用(图 4A)。为了更好地理解这些靶点的相互作用, 利用STRING数据库构建了PPI网络, 并通过MCODE算法进行聚类分析, 得到重要的功能模块。对该模块进行了进一步的KEGG通路富集分析, 结果显示, IL-17A信号通路等炎症相关通路可能是BHD活性成分在抗IS中发挥作用的关键机制(图 4B)。
通过机器学习筛选, 发现BHD中的7种关键活性成分为黄芩素、木犀草素、芒柄花黄素、槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素和毛蕊异黄酮, 其中黄芩素来源于赤芍、红花, 山柰酚和槲皮素来源于黄芪、红花, 木犀草素来源于红花, 异鼠李素、芒柄花黄素和毛蕊异黄酮来源于黄芪。网络药理学分析显示, BHD活性成分治疗IS的关键靶点为JUN、IL-6、CCL2、IL-1β、CXCL8和RELA, IL-6和IL-1β是经典的促炎性细胞因子, 其编码蛋白在炎症相关信号通路中具有关键调控作用; CCL2和CXCL8作为趋化因子, 能够通过其编码蛋白在免疫细胞募集中发挥重要作用。此外, JUN和RELA分别编码AP-1和NF-κB转录因子, 它们不仅是基因表达调控的关键分子, 也在炎症反应的信号转导中发挥重要作用。将这些活性成分与关键靶点进行分子对接, 配体和蛋白之间的结合情况用docking score表示(图 5AB)。分子对接结果揭示了黄芩素、木犀草素、芒柄花黄素、槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素和毛蕊异黄酮可能为BHD通过调控炎症发挥抗IS的重要活性成分。
结合机器学习和网络药理学分析, 从补阳还五汤中筛选得到发挥药效的7种关键活性成分, 并采用LPS诱导的BV-2细胞对成分的抗炎活性进行评估。结果显示, 黄芩素、木犀草素和芒柄花黄素在不影响细胞活性的情况下, 能够以浓度依赖性方式显著抑制LPS诱导的BV-2细胞中的NO释放(P < 0.05, 图 6A~F)。相反, 槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素和毛蕊异黄酮的抗炎活性较差, 并表现出较为明显的细胞毒性。
采用LC-MS测定以上化合物在补阳还五汤中的含量, 结果如表 1所示, 在7个活性成分中只检测到芒柄花黄素在生药中的成分含量为2.51 μg·g-1, 毛蕊异黄酮的含量为6.26 μg·g-1, 结合抗炎活性实验结果分析得出芒柄花黄素可能具有潜在的抗IS药效。
IS作为全球范围内致死率和致残率较高的疾病, 长期以来引起了广泛的关注。尽管现代医学在卒中急性期治疗方面取得了一定进展, 但由于神经系统的复杂性和个体差异, 治疗效果仍然有限[22-24]。特别是缺血后再灌注损伤以及炎症反应的调控仍是当前研究的热点[25, 26]。随着神经保护机制的深入探讨, 探索新的治疗靶点和药物组合成为亟待解决的问题[27]
补阳还五汤是中医治疗IS的著名方剂, 其药效在临床上已得到广泛应用和验证。本研究通过MCAO/R大鼠模型验证了其在改善神经功能、减少脑梗死体积及脑含水量方面的效果, 实验结果表明其能够显著提高神经功能评分、延长转棒停留时间, 并呈现良好的剂量依赖性。然而, 补阳还五汤的成分复杂, 其发挥药效的物质基础尚不完全清楚。本研究采用了多种无监督聚类算法, 结合网络药理学分析, 筛选出BHD中抗IS的关键活性成分。通过对多种数据进行整合, 最终确定了黄芩素、芒柄花黄素等7种成分为可能的活性成分, 并进一步验证了其在调控神经炎症中的重要作用。通过LC-MS对BHD的这7种成分进行定量分析, 测定芒柄花黄素和毛蕊异黄酮的含量, 表明这两种化合物可能是发挥抗IS的主要成分。然而, 未能测定其余5种成分的含量, 这一现象可能与多种因素相关, 如不同批次的BHD制备可能导致成分浓度的波动, 或者某些成分在LC-MS分析中可能未达到可检测的浓度阈值。此外, 已有文献[28-30]报道了这些未检测到的成分在BHD中的存在, 进一步验证了它们的潜在活性与药理作用。因此, 尽管在本实验中未能完全检测到所有活性成分, 但根据现有的文献和对BHD成分的深入了解, 仍然可以推测这些成分在BHD的抗IS效果中起到关键作用。进一步研究可以在优化样品提取和分析方法的基础上, 验证这些成分的含量及其药理作用[8, 31-35]
机器学习作为一种强大的数据分析工具, 已逐渐在药物研究领域展现出跨学科的优势[36, 37]。首先, 机器学习在药物活性成分的筛选和优化中发挥着重要作用[38, 39]。通过无监督学习算法, 研究者能够从海量的中药化学成分数据库中识别出潜在的活性分子。如通过聚类分析和网络药理学的方法, 可以从复杂的中药配方中筛选出对特定疾病有治疗潜力的有效成分。其次, 机器学习在中药靶点预测方面也取得了显著进展。通过构建中药-成分-靶点的多层异构网络, 并利用深度神经网络分析中药成分与靶点之间的相互作用, 研究者能够更准确地预测中药的药理作用机制, 这种方法有助于发现新的药物作用途径和治疗靶点。此外, 机器学习在中药的剂量预测和个体化治疗中也展现出巨大潜力, 通过分析患者的遗传信息、生理参数和药物反应数据, 机器学习模型能够为每个患者提供定制化的药物剂量方案, 从而提高治疗效果并减少不良反应[40]
本研究采用无监督聚类算法, 并结合网络药理学手段, 初步从补阳还五汤中筛选出黄芩素、芒柄花黄素等7种潜在的抗IS活性成分。为了实证这些预测, 建立了LPS诱导BV-2细胞模型, 对这些成分的抗炎活性和含量进行评估, 从而在实验层面验证分析结果。这一研究方法为揭示中药复方的药效物质基础提供了新的工具和思路, 展现了机器学习技术在复杂药物成分解析中的独特价值。
作者贡献: 王丰和孟庆琦负责实验实施、数据分析和撰写论文; 刘晴负责实验研究、数据分析; 孙璐、刘影负责LC-MS检测; 米妍和穆丹阳负责动物实验; 侯悦和何大阔负责实验设计与论文修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 辽宁省重点实验室(2022JH13/10200026)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(N2220002)
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2025年第60卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0971
  • 接收时间:2024-10-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-09
  • 修回日期:2025-01-19
基金
辽宁省重点实验室(2022JH13/10200026)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(N2220002)
作者信息
    1.东北大学生命科学与健康学院, 辽宁省生物资源开发利用重点实验室, 工业智能与系统优化国家级前沿科学中心, 辽宁 沈阳 110170
    2.东北大学信息科学与工程学院, 流程工业综合自动化国家重点实验室, 辽宁 沈阳 110004
    3.沈阳药科大学药学院, 辽宁 本溪 117004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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