Article(id=1190373732507026118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1731600000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-15, revisedDate=1737648000000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761736813903, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1746979200000, pubDateStr=2025-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761736813903, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761736813903, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761736813903, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190332325088039709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='5', pageStart='1183', pageEnd='1572', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761726941606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761813457266, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190695198163354009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190695198163354010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1421, endPage=1431, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190373732733518538, articleId=1190373732507026118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=2',4'-Dimethoxychalcone inhibits gastric cancer growth by suppressing c-Myc mediated glucose uptake ability and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

2',4'-Dimethoxychalcone (DMC) is a structural modifier of carvacrol B. In this study, gastric cancer cells MGC-803 and HGC-27 were used as the subjects to investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of DMC on gastric cancer (GC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. DMC inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in GC cells, detected by CCK-8 assay, EdU staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry. A nude mouse model of GC cell xenograft was constructed by subcutaneous injection with MGC-803 cells, for measuring the effect of DMC on the growth of GC in vivo, and DMC inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplantation tumor in nude mice. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the ethical number PZSHUTCM2310110002. The effect of DMC on the RNA expression of MGC-803 cells was detected by RNA-seq assay, and it was found that the biological function of DMC was enriched in glycolysis. DMC inhibited the glucose uptake capacity and lactate production and efflux of gastric cancer cells, detected by using 2-NBDG probe with flow cytometry and lactate (LD) test kit. Western blot assay was performed to detect the protein expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolysis-related proteins in gastric cancer cells, and the results demonstrated that DMC up-regulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, down-regulated Ki-67 protein expression, and inhibited the protein expression of c-Myc, LDHA, GLUT3, PDHK1 and MCT1 in gastric cancer cells. The Seahorse energy metabolism analyser was used to measure the rate of glycolysis, and it was found that DMC could down-regulate the basal glycolysis rate and compensatory glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. The c-Myc overexpressing cell line MGC-803 was used in the reversal experiment to further confirm that DMC suppressed gastric cancer growth through inhibiting c-Myc mediated glucose uptake and glycolysis. In conclusion, DMC may inhibit the protein expression of c-Myc and its target glycolysis-related genes, suppressed c-Myc-mediated glucose uptake and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells, thereby inhibited the cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and thus finally inhibited the growth of gastric cancer in vivo and in vitro.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-jun WU, Hai-lian SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-tong LI, Wen-biao LI, Yu-jie ZHANG, Qiao-ling PAN, Ting-ting DU, Hui WU, Fei HUANG, Xiao-yan FEI, Xiao-jun WU, Hai-lian SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190374193331012516, articleId=1190373732507026118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解抗胃癌作用研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮(DMC) 是卡瓦胡椒素B的结构修饰物, 本课题以胃癌细胞MGC-803和HGC-27为研究对象, 探讨DMC对胃癌细胞的体内外抗肿瘤作用及机制。采用CCK-8法、EdU染色法和Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测胃癌细胞活力、增殖率和凋亡率, 发现DMC抑制胃癌细胞活力和增殖, 促进胃癌细胞凋亡; 构建裸鼠胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤模型观察DMC对胃癌移植瘤生长的影响, 发现DMC抑制裸鼠胃癌皮下移植瘤的生长, 动物实验获得上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准, 伦理编号为PZSHUTCM2310110002。转录组学研究DMC对MGC-803细胞RNA表达的影响, 发现生物功能富集于糖酵解; 采用2-NBDG探针标记及流式细胞术和乳酸测试盒检测胃癌细胞葡萄糖摄取能力和乳酸生成与外排能力, 发现DMC抑制胃癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取能力和乳酸生成与外排; 通过蛋白印迹实验检测胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡及糖酵解相关蛋白的表达, 发现DMC能上调胃癌细胞促凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP的表达, 下调胃癌细胞增殖标志物Ki-67的蛋白表达, 并抑制胃癌细胞糖酵解相关蛋白c-Myc、LDHA、GLUT3、PDHK1和MCT1的表达; 通过Seahorse能量代谢分析仪检测实时糖酵解速率, 发现DMC能下调胃癌细胞基础糖酵解速率和代偿糖酵解; 通过c-Myc过表达稳转株MGC-803细胞的翻转实验明确DMC通过抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解发挥胃癌抑制作用。综上所述, DMC可能通过调控胃癌细胞c-Myc及其靶基因糖酵解相关蛋白的表达, 抑制胃癌细胞c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取功能和糖酵解, 从而抑制胃癌细胞增殖, 促进胃癌细胞凋亡, 最终在体内外抑制胃癌的生长。

, correspAuthors=吴晓俊, 石海莲, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吴晓俊, E-mail:
石海莲, E-mail:
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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Standardization, Ministry of Education, Key Research Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Research Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694708306395552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, companyId=1190694708289618334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海市复方中药重点实验室, 教育部中药标准化重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与品质评价重点研究室, 上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1190694709594046895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694709682127281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, authorId=1190694709594046895, language=EN, stringName=Yu-jie ZHANG, firstName=Yu-jie, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 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J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41: 198., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694727864435326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=David CJ, Chen M, Assanah M, et al. HnRNP proteins controlled by c-Myc deregulate pyruvate kinase mRNA splicing in cancer [J]. 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Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Standardization, Ministry of Education, Key Research Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Research Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694708306395552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, companyId=1190694708289618334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海市复方中药重点实验室, 教育部中药标准化重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与品质评价重点研究室, 上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694708407058849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694708415447458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, companyId=1190694708407058849, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Department Ⅰ of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694708423836067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, companyId=1190694708407058849, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海中医药大学附属龙华医院脾胃病一科, 上海 200032)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190694717772939759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FLSCUpZbQyj2idkLVVTaSg==, figureFileBig=SmnNJ+l7Dp8BedGX65XHJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694717898768883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Chemical structure of helichrysetin (A) and DMC (B). DMC: 2',4'-Dimethoxychalcone , figureFileSmall=FLSCUpZbQyj2idkLVVTaSg==, figureFileBig=SmnNJ+l7Dp8BedGX65XHJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718062346741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0Y4QMi5g8n8s+b4lw6ezvg==, figureFileBig=O7OBKHxux8FQB3iVvpCjtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718200758776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= DMC inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis of gastric cancer cells <i>in vitro</i>. A: DMC inhibited the cell viability of MGC-803 cells; B: DMC inhibited the cell viability of HGC-27 cells; C: 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> DMC significantly inhibited the cell viability of MGC-803 cells from 24 h of intervention; D: 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> DMC significantly inhibited the cell viability of HGC-27 cells from 24 h of intervention; E, G: DMC inhibited the cell proliferation of MGC-803 cells; F, H: DMC inhibited the cell proliferation of HGC-27 cells; I: DMC inhibited the protein expression of Ki-67 in gastric cells; J: DMC enhanced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells; K: DMC enhanced the protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins in gastric cells. <i>n</i> ≥ 3. <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control. Scale bar 200 μm , figureFileSmall=0Y4QMi5g8n8s+b4lw6ezvg==, figureFileBig=O7OBKHxux8FQB3iVvpCjtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718326587898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Nkb4N4inRPMa603xWhEwbQ==, figureFileBig=c2vBS1a2jVyXazcavUUkCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718498554367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= DMC had lower toxicity than FKB on normal cells. A: FKB inhibited cell viability of MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells; B: The effect of DMC and FKB on the cell viability of GES-1 cells; C: The effect of DMC and FKB on the cell viability of L-02 cells; D: The effect of DMC, FKB, 5-FU and DDP at the same concentration on the cell viability of MGC-803, GES-1 and L-02 cells, respectively. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctrl. FKB: Flavokawain B; 5-FU: 5-Fluorouracil; DDP: Cisplatin , figureFileSmall=Nkb4N4inRPMa603xWhEwbQ==, figureFileBig=c2vBS1a2jVyXazcavUUkCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718628577793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fn70RQpsgxBg1XsVGTI2JQ==, figureFileBig=3dizu4fkVcN3bYInAlPeaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718766989826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= DMC inhibited tumor growth in MGC-803 cells xenografted nude mice. A: Body weight change curve of nude mice; B: Tumor volume growth curve in nude mice; C: Tumor pictures; D: Tumor weight; E: Organ indices. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=fn70RQpsgxBg1XsVGTI2JQ==, figureFileBig=3dizu4fkVcN3bYInAlPeaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694718917984772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BdB7swB78OyeRddIkdlTBw==, figureFileBig=lU1d+0tV/3A7Cv1Mw3RVKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694719094145543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= DMC significantly suppressed the glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. A: Reactome functional annotation analysis histogram; B: KEGG analysis for functional annotation analysis of differential expressed genes; C: KEGG enrichment analysis of differential expressed genes; D: DMC inhibited glucose uptake of gastric cancer cells; E: DMC inhibited lactate production and efflux in gastric cancer cells; F: DMC modulated the protein expression of glycolysis related proteins in gastric cells; G: Glycolytic rates of gastric cancer cells after DMC treatment for 0, 9, 12, and 24 h, respectively. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black"><i>x</i></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctrl , figureFileSmall=BdB7swB78OyeRddIkdlTBw==, figureFileBig=lU1d+0tV/3A7Cv1Mw3RVKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694719194808840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2pN8Lqgl/VZuOuC7P/TIbg==, figureFileBig=9mAuQFJJGSPxbKOpcNnvKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694719341609484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373732507026118, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= DMC suppresses gastric cancer cell viability by inhibiting c-Myc-mediated glucose uptake and glycolysis. 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2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解抗胃癌作用研究
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李昱彤 1 , 李文标 1 , 张玉杰 1 , 潘巧岭 1 , 杜婷婷 1 , 吴辉 1 , 黄菲 1 , 费晓燕 2 , 吴晓俊 1, * , 石海莲 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(5): 1421-1431
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 60(5): 1421-1431
2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解抗胃癌作用研究
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李昱彤1, 李文标1, 张玉杰1, 潘巧岭1, 杜婷婷1, 吴辉1, 黄菲1, 费晓燕2, 吴晓俊1, * , 石海莲1, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海市复方中药重点实验室, 教育部中药标准化重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与品质评价重点研究室, 上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海 201203
  • 2.上海中医药大学附属龙华医院脾胃病一科, 上海 200032

通讯作者:

*吴晓俊, E-mail:
石海莲, E-mail:
2',4'-Dimethoxychalcone inhibits gastric cancer growth by suppressing c-Myc mediated glucose uptake ability and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells
Yu-tong LI1, Wen-biao LI1, Yu-jie ZHANG1, Qiao-ling PAN1, Ting-ting DU1, Hui WU1, Fei HUANG1, Xiao-yan FEI2, Xiao-jun WU1, * , Hai-lian SHI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Standardization, Ministry of Education, Key Research Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Research Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2. Department Ⅰ of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
出版时间: 2025-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1136
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2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮(DMC) 是卡瓦胡椒素B的结构修饰物, 本课题以胃癌细胞MGC-803和HGC-27为研究对象, 探讨DMC对胃癌细胞的体内外抗肿瘤作用及机制。采用CCK-8法、EdU染色法和Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测胃癌细胞活力、增殖率和凋亡率, 发现DMC抑制胃癌细胞活力和增殖, 促进胃癌细胞凋亡; 构建裸鼠胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤模型观察DMC对胃癌移植瘤生长的影响, 发现DMC抑制裸鼠胃癌皮下移植瘤的生长, 动物实验获得上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准, 伦理编号为PZSHUTCM2310110002。转录组学研究DMC对MGC-803细胞RNA表达的影响, 发现生物功能富集于糖酵解; 采用2-NBDG探针标记及流式细胞术和乳酸测试盒检测胃癌细胞葡萄糖摄取能力和乳酸生成与外排能力, 发现DMC抑制胃癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取能力和乳酸生成与外排; 通过蛋白印迹实验检测胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡及糖酵解相关蛋白的表达, 发现DMC能上调胃癌细胞促凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP的表达, 下调胃癌细胞增殖标志物Ki-67的蛋白表达, 并抑制胃癌细胞糖酵解相关蛋白c-Myc、LDHA、GLUT3、PDHK1和MCT1的表达; 通过Seahorse能量代谢分析仪检测实时糖酵解速率, 发现DMC能下调胃癌细胞基础糖酵解速率和代偿糖酵解; 通过c-Myc过表达稳转株MGC-803细胞的翻转实验明确DMC通过抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解发挥胃癌抑制作用。综上所述, DMC可能通过调控胃癌细胞c-Myc及其靶基因糖酵解相关蛋白的表达, 抑制胃癌细胞c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取功能和糖酵解, 从而抑制胃癌细胞增殖, 促进胃癌细胞凋亡, 最终在体内外抑制胃癌的生长。

2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮  /  胃癌  /  增殖  /  凋亡  /  糖酵解

2',4'-Dimethoxychalcone (DMC) is a structural modifier of carvacrol B. In this study, gastric cancer cells MGC-803 and HGC-27 were used as the subjects to investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of DMC on gastric cancer (GC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. DMC inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in GC cells, detected by CCK-8 assay, EdU staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry. A nude mouse model of GC cell xenograft was constructed by subcutaneous injection with MGC-803 cells, for measuring the effect of DMC on the growth of GC in vivo, and DMC inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplantation tumor in nude mice. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the ethical number PZSHUTCM2310110002. The effect of DMC on the RNA expression of MGC-803 cells was detected by RNA-seq assay, and it was found that the biological function of DMC was enriched in glycolysis. DMC inhibited the glucose uptake capacity and lactate production and efflux of gastric cancer cells, detected by using 2-NBDG probe with flow cytometry and lactate (LD) test kit. Western blot assay was performed to detect the protein expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolysis-related proteins in gastric cancer cells, and the results demonstrated that DMC up-regulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, down-regulated Ki-67 protein expression, and inhibited the protein expression of c-Myc, LDHA, GLUT3, PDHK1 and MCT1 in gastric cancer cells. The Seahorse energy metabolism analyser was used to measure the rate of glycolysis, and it was found that DMC could down-regulate the basal glycolysis rate and compensatory glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. The c-Myc overexpressing cell line MGC-803 was used in the reversal experiment to further confirm that DMC suppressed gastric cancer growth through inhibiting c-Myc mediated glucose uptake and glycolysis. In conclusion, DMC may inhibit the protein expression of c-Myc and its target glycolysis-related genes, suppressed c-Myc-mediated glucose uptake and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells, thereby inhibited the cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and thus finally inhibited the growth of gastric cancer in vivo and in vitro.

2',4'-dimethoxychalcone  /  gastric cancer  /  proliferation  /  apoptosis  /  glycolysis
李昱彤, 李文标, 张玉杰, 潘巧岭, 杜婷婷, 吴辉, 黄菲, 费晓燕, 吴晓俊, 石海莲. 2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解抗胃癌作用研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (5) : 1421 -1431 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1136
Yu-tong LI, Wen-biao LI, Yu-jie ZHANG, Qiao-ling PAN, Ting-ting DU, Hui WU, Fei HUANG, Xiao-yan FEI, Xiao-jun WU, Hai-lian SHI. 2',4'-Dimethoxychalcone inhibits gastric cancer growth by suppressing c-Myc mediated glucose uptake ability and glycolysis in gastric cancer cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (5) : 1421 -1431 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1136
根据全球最新癌症统计报告显示, 在不同癌种的恶性肿瘤中, 胃癌在男性中发病率和致死率均排第四, 在女性中发病率排第七, 致死率排第六[1], 虽然已有靶向治疗及免疫治疗等新型治疗手段, 化疗药物目前仍是胃癌治疗的基石, 贯穿中晚期胃癌治疗的始终。现有化疗药物不可忽视的不良反应和耐药, 导致新型低毒高效的抗胃癌药物研发仍然任重道远。代谢重编程是肿瘤细胞代谢的一大重要特征[2], 靶向肿瘤代谢的药物研发是全球抗肿瘤药物研发热点。肿瘤细胞在有氧和无氧条件下均主要通过糖酵解而非氧化磷酸化获能, 称为“Warburg效应”[3]。中药因其天然且大多毒副作用小等优点, 深受研究者的青睐。本课题组研究团队以往研究发现, 多个与蜡菊亭化学结构类似的查尔酮化合物均能抑制肿瘤细胞糖酵解, 从而发挥抗肿瘤作用[4-6]。卡瓦胡椒的卡瓦胡椒素B (FKB) 具有抗癌、抗炎和抗微生物活性等[7, 8], 研究也证实其具有抗胃癌作用[9], 但具有潜在的肝毒性风险[10, 11]。2',4'-二甲氧基查尔酮(DMC) 是FKB的结构修饰产物, 与蜡菊亭化学结构类似, 能够显著抑制非小细胞肺癌的生长[12, 13], 但DMC是否具有胃癌抑制作用, 目前尚不清楚。基于此, 本研究旨在探讨DMC体内外胃癌抑制作用, 并进一步基于葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解阐明其胃癌抑制作用及分子机制。
药物  蜡菊亭由中国科学院上海药物研究所沈敬山教授提供, 纯度 > 95%, 化学结构式如图 1A; DMC由上海药明康德新药开发有限公司合成, 纯度为100%, 化学结构式如图 1B; FKB (批号: DH0120-0005) 从成都乐美天医药科技有限公司购买; 5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil, 5-FU, 批号: M0409A)、顺铂(cisplatin, DDP, 批号: 01018B) 从大连美仑生物技术有限公司购买。
细胞  人胃癌细胞HGC-27购自亿泽丰生物科技(上海) 有限公司; 人胃癌细胞MGC-803、人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1、人正常肝细胞L-02购自中国科学院细胞库; c-Myc原癌基因(cellular myelocytomatosis, c-Myc) 过表达稳转株MGC-803细胞由本课题组构建, 所用c-Myc过表达慢病毒载体(LV-c-Myc, 2×108 TU·mL-1) 和空GV358载体(LV-CON, 1×109 TU·mL-1) 购自吉凯基因医学科技(上海) 有限公司。
动物  24只4周龄, 体重为14~16 g的BALB/c, Nu/Nu雄性裸鼠, 购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司, 动物生产合格证号: SCXK (沪) 2014-0008。裸鼠分笼饲养于上海中医药大学实验动物中心, 饲养环境为昼夜12 h, 室温(25 ± 1) ℃, 湿度(60 ± 10)%, 自由饮水摄食。裸鼠分笼适应性饲养1周后开展实验。动物实验获得上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准, 伦理编号为PZSHUTCM2310110002。
试剂  兔抗c-Myc抗体(批号: 18583S)、兔抗丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶(pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, PDHK) 1抗体(批号: 3820T)、兔抗乳酸脱氢酶A (lactate dehydrogenase A, LDHA) 抗体(批号: c28H7)、兔抗β-肌动蛋白(β-actin) 抗体(批号: 4970)、兔抗切割后的半胱天冬酶(cleaved cysteine-aspartic acid protease, cleaved caspase) 9抗体(批号: 7237S)、兔抗切割后的cleaved caspase 3抗体(批号: 2772S)、兔抗切割后的聚(ADP-核糖) 聚合酶[cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, cleaved PARP]/PARP抗体(批号: 7237S)、兔抗B细胞淋巴瘤2 (B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl-2) 抗体(批号: 4223S)、兔抗Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein, BAX) 抗体(批号: 5023S) 均购自美国CST公司; 兔抗葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter, GLUT) 3抗体(批号: ab191071)、兔抗Ki-67抗体(批号: ab16667) 均购自英国Abcam公司; 兔抗GLUT4抗体(批号: A7637) 购自武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司; 兔抗单羧酸转运体(monocarboxylate transporter, MCT) 1抗体(批号: GTX-54699) 购自美国Genn Tex公司; 膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素(annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, Annexin V-FITC)/碘化丙啶(propidium iodide, PI) 凋亡检测试剂盒(批号: AD10) 购自上海东仁化学科技公司; 2-NBDG [2-(N-(7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1, 3-二唑-4-氨基)-2-脱氧葡萄糖)] 购自美国Thermo Scientific公司(批号: N13195); 乳酸(lactate, LD) 测试盒(批号: A019-2-1) 购自南京建成生物工程研究所; 二辛可酸(bicinchoninic acid, BCA) 蛋白测定A液(批号: 20201ES) 购自上海翌圣生物科技有限公司; Seahorse XF糖酵解速率实时分析测定试剂盒(批号: 103344-100) 购自安捷伦科技有限公司。
仪器  倒置显微镜(CKX41)、扫片机(BX61VS) 均购自日本Olympus公司; 显影仪(Tanon-5200) 购自上海天能科技有限公司; 匀浆机(JXFSTPRP-24L) 购自上海净信实业发展有限公司; 垂直电泳仪(O43BR47575) 购自美国Bio-Rad公司; 多功能读数仪(VARIOSKAN FLASH) 购自美国Thermo Scientific公司; 超声破碎仪(VCX150) 购自美国Sonics公司; 高速离心机(5415R) 购自德国Eppendorf公司; guava easyCyte HT微毛细管细胞分析仪购自美国Millipore公司。
细胞活力检测  用不同浓度DMC或FKB处理MGC-803细胞、HGC-27细胞、L-02和GES-1细胞24 h后, 以10% CCK-8溶液处理45 min后, 于多功能读数仪检测吸光值并计算细胞存活率。
细胞增殖检测  分别以每孔MGC-803细胞6×103个、HGC-27细胞7×103个接种于96孔板内, 置于细胞培养箱24 h后弃去培养基, 使用10、20、40 μmol·L-1 DMC干预24 h, 50 μmol·L-1 EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) 培养基处理2 h (每孔100 μL), 再以4%多聚甲醛室温固定30 min (每孔50 μL), 2 mg·mL-1甘氨酸溶液孵育5 min (每孔50 μL), 0.5% Triton X-100孵育10 min, 加入1×Apollo染色液避光孵育30 min (每孔100 μL), 最后用1% Hoechst 33342反应液孵育30 min (每孔100 μL), 于荧光倒置显微镜下成像分析。
蛋白表达检测  将MGC-803细胞、HGC-27细胞在含有磷酸酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA强裂解液中裂解, BCA蛋白定量后加入上样缓冲液制成20 μg·μL-1的总蛋白样本, 在95 ℃金属浴中煮15 min, 每孔上样40 μg, 以十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离蛋白并转印至聚偏二氟乙烯膜上, 然后将膜置于1×PBST配制的5%脱脂牛奶中室温封闭1 h, 加一抗(1∶1 000), 4 ℃孵育过夜, 接着用1×PBST洗膜后室温孵育二抗(1∶5 000) 1 h, 再次用1×PBST洗膜后, 在避光孵育盒中配制ECL显色试剂, 将膜浸泡在ECL显色液中3 min, 于Tanon-5200显影仪扫描并拍照, 用Image J软件统计定量分析各蛋白条带的灰度值。
细胞凋亡检测  以每孔MGC-803细胞2×105个、HGC-27细胞3×105个接种于6孔板内, 置于细胞培养箱24 h后弃去培养基, 依据东仁化学科技Annexin V-FITC/PI凋亡检测试剂盒说明书将细胞染色, 使用Guava easyCyte HT微毛细管细胞分析仪进行测定, guava soft 2.5软件分析处理数据。
裸鼠人胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤构建  对裸鼠右上肢后侧皮下注射MGC-803细胞悬液, 每只鼠5×106个细胞, 当肿瘤体积达到50 mm3时, 将小鼠随机分组为模型组、15 mg·kg-1 DMC组、30 mg·kg-1 DMC组和25 mg·kg-1 5-FU组, 每组6只并开始给药, 药物溶剂为40% 1, 2丙二醇、1%聚乙二醇、5%乙醇、54% PBS[4]。阳性对照组腹腔注射5-FU (25 mg·kg-1, 每隔两天腹腔注射1次), DMC给药组每天腹腔注射15和30 mg·kg-1 DMC, 模型组每天注射溶剂。给药28天后处死裸鼠, 快速分离肿瘤组织和各脏器组织并称重。
转录组学检测  于T25细胞培养瓶中接种5×105个MGC-803细胞, 待细胞生长密度至70%~80%时弃去旧培养基, 并给予20 μmol·L-1 DMC分别干预MGC-803细胞12、15 h, 待给药结束后, 用1 mL已预冷PBS清洗细胞两次, 以Trizol试剂裂解细胞, 并及时送至上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司进行转录组学测序, 使用美吉生物云平台对测序结果进行分析并作图。
葡萄糖摄取能力测定  以每孔MGC-803细胞2×105个、HGC-27细胞3×105个接种于6孔板内, 置于细胞培养箱24 h。利用2-NBDG产生的荧光与葡萄糖摄取成正比的特点, 使用无葡萄糖、无丙酮酸钠的RPMI 1640培养基稀释2-NBDG, 以每孔100 μmol·L-1 2-NBDG孵育1 h。将细胞使用不含有EDTA的胰酶消化处理, 分别以200 μL PBS重悬细胞并转移至96孔板中, 使用Guava easyCyte HT微毛细管细胞分析仪检测2-NBDG荧光信号强度, 定量测量胃癌细胞对葡萄糖的摄取能力, 使用guava soft 2.5软件分析处理数据。
乳酸生成与外排检测  依据乳酸测试盒说明书检测胃癌细胞内外乳酸含量, 依据Protein Quantification Kit BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒说明书检测细胞内蛋白浓度, 并根据所测蛋白浓度对细胞内乳酸含量进行校准。
糖酵解速率测定  将5×103个MGC-803细胞和HGC-27细胞以每孔80 μL的体积接种于XF 96孔板中, 12 h后给药处理。提前预热Seahorse XF 96分析仪, 并以每孔200 μL安捷伦Seahorse XF基础培养基水化探针检测板, 封口后于37 ℃、无CO2的培养箱中过夜。细胞给药结束后, 使用Seahorse XF基础培养基配置2 mmol·L-1谷氨酰胺、10 mmol·L-1葡萄糖、1 mmol·L-1丙酮酸的检测液, 以每孔180 μL此检测液置换细胞板中的含药培养基, 放入37 ℃、无CO2培养箱中1 h。按照安捷伦Seahorse XF糖酵解速率实时分析测定试剂盒说明书配制反应化合物鱼藤酮/抗霉素A (ROT/AA) 和2-DG, 向探针板每孔A端分别各加入20 μL 10× ROT/AA, B端分别加入22 μL 10× 2-DG, 上机校准后选择程序Seahorse XF Glycolytic Rate Assay对细胞糖酵解速率进行实时分析测定。
统计学方法  用GraphPad Prism 10.0统计软件, 两组比较采用t检验分析数据, 3组及以上比较采用单因素方差分析方法分析数据, 数据均以均数±标准差($\bar{x} \pm s$) 表示, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
分别以不同剂量DMC (10、20和40 μmol·L-1) 干预低分化人胃癌细胞MGC-803和未分化人胃癌细胞HGC-27细胞24 h后, 通过CCK-8法检测胃癌细胞活力发现DMC均能剂量依赖性地显著下调两株胃癌细胞的细胞活力(图 2AB), 其IC50分别为22.31和24.57 μmol·L-1, 且20 μmol·L-1 DMC作用24 h起能够显著抑制胃癌细胞的细胞活力(图 2CD)。
为进一步明确DMC对胃癌细胞增殖的作用, 本课题首先使用不同剂量DMC (10、20、40 μmol·L-1) 作用于胃癌细胞24 h后进行EdU染色, 发现DMC能够显著降低两株胃癌细胞EdU绿色荧光标记的阳性细胞率, 同步收集细胞并提取总蛋白检测增殖相关蛋白Ki-67的表达, 发现DMC能下调胃癌细胞Ki-67的蛋白表达, 提示DMC能够抑制胃癌细胞的增殖(图 2E~I)。
接着通过Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术检测发现DMC (10、20、40 μmol·L-1) 均能显著促进胃癌细胞的凋亡率, Western blot检测发现DMC下调胃癌细胞抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达, 上调促凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP的表达, 提示DMC能促进胃癌细胞的凋亡(图 2JK)。
在同样条件下使用FKB处理MGC-803和HGC-27细胞, 得到IC50值分别为30.05和48.39 μmol·L-1 (图 3A), 而DMC处理胃癌细胞的IC50值低于FKB, 提示DMC抑制胃癌作用优于FKB。再分别以DMC和FKB干预人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1细胞24 h, IC50分别为42.74和33.07 μmol·L-1 (图 3B), 而干预人正常肝细胞L-02细胞24 h, IC50值分别为34.00和22.07 μmol·L-1 (图 3C), 即DMC处理正常细胞的IC50高于FKB, 提示DMC毒性低于FKB。以临床常用的抗代谢类化疗药5-FU和含铂广谱抗癌药DDP作为阳性对照进一步对比DMC的体外药效及毒性, 使用同一剂量20 μmol·L-1 DMC、FKB、5-FU和DDP分别处理MGC-803、GES-1和L-02细胞24 h, 发现DMC药效最高而毒性较低(图 3D)。
构建MGC-803移植瘤裸鼠模型, 与模型对照组比较, 30 mg·kg-1 DMC和阳性药25 mg·kg-1 5-FU均能够显著抑制裸鼠胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤重量的增长(图 4CD), 5-FU抑制裸鼠胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤体积的增长的同时, 存在不同程度的腹泻和体重减轻的不良反应(图 4AB), 且小鼠脾脏指数下降(图 4E), 而DMC给药组裸鼠状态良好, 无腹泻与体重减轻症状, 肝脏指数亦无异常, 表明肝毒性低。
以20 μmol·L-1 DMC分别处理MGC-803细胞12和15 h后进行转录组学检测, 得到2 844个差异基因, 其中代谢相关基因的有226个(图 5A), 位居第二, 代谢相关的差异基因中糖代谢相关差异基因排名第二(图 5B), 本研究对所有糖代谢相关差异基因进行KEGG富集分析, 发现糖酵解排名第三(图 5C)。
葡萄糖的摄取是糖代谢发生的第一步, 通过流式细胞术检测20 μmol·L-1 DMC处理不同时间(3、6、9、12、24 h) 对胃癌细胞葡萄糖摄取能力的影响, 发现处理12 h起能够降低2-NBDG探针标记的MGC-803和HGC-27细胞葡萄糖比例(图 5D)。肿瘤细胞摄取葡萄糖后产生大量乳酸来酸化肿瘤微环境, 乳酸含量的改变从侧面反映肿瘤细胞糖酵解进程的改变。本研究发现, DMC干预MGC-803细胞12 h和HGC-27细胞9 h起均能显著下调细胞乳酸生成和外排(图 5E)。即20 μmol·L-1 DMC在尚未抑制胃癌细胞活力时就能显著抑制胃癌细胞葡萄糖摄取、乳酸生成和外排。
进一步检测DMC对胃癌细胞糖酵解相关蛋白表达的影响, 发现DMC能显著下调MGC-803细胞和HGC-27细胞c-Myc的蛋白表达, 对GLUT4的蛋白表达无明显影响, 但其能抑制LDHA、GLUT3、PDHK1和MCT1的蛋白表达(图 5F)。进一步通过Seahorse XF糖酵解速率测定试剂盒实时分析胃癌细胞糖酵解速率, 发现20 μmol·L-1 DMC处理9 h起能够显著抑制MGC-803细胞的基础糖酵解和HGC-27细胞的代偿糖酵解, 12 h起能够抑制HGC-27细胞的基础糖酵解和MGC-803细胞的代偿糖酵解, 即DMC在尚未抑制胃癌细胞活力时就能显著抑制胃癌细胞糖酵解水平(图 5G)。
c-Myc是一种原癌基因, 在癌细胞中被过度激活并通过调控与能量代谢相关的基因来调节能量代谢[5]。课题组前期研究发现, 与DMC具有相似结构的蜡菊亭能够通过靶向癌细胞中c-Myc介导的能量代谢重编程来抑制胃癌生长, 本研究发现DMC同样能够抑制c-Myc的蛋白表达。通过构建c-Myc过表达稳转株MGC-803细胞进行回复验证实验, 发现过表达c-Myc抵消了20 μmol·L-1 DMC处理24 h对MGC-803细胞活力的抑制作用(图 6A), 拮抗了对增殖相关蛋白Ki-67蛋白和抗凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的下调作用, 以及对促凋亡相关蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP的上调作用(图 6BC), 回调了糖酵解相关蛋白LDHA、PDHK1和MCT1的表达, 拮抗了DMC对葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT3表达的下调作用(图 6D), 也恢复了20 μmol·L-1 DMC处理12 h对于MGC-803细胞糖酵解速率的抑制作用(图 6E), 提示DMC抑制胃癌细胞活力作用是通过其对c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解途径的调控。
胃癌是临床最常见消化道肿瘤之一, 目前胃癌治疗方法仍以外科手术、放化疗为主[14], 对胃癌患者常用的化疗药物主要有氟尿嘧啶类、铂类、紫杉醇类等[15], 大多具有骨髓抑制、消化道反应等毒副作用[16], 低毒有效小分子抗胃癌药物亟待研发。
源自卡瓦胡椒的FKB显示出广谱的生物活性, 包括抗癌、抗炎和抗微生物活性[7-9], 但不可忽视其有潜在的肝毒性风险[10, 11], 其结构修饰产物DMC能够抑制非小细胞肺癌的生长[12, 13], 但其是否抑制胃癌生长目前尚不清楚。本研究通过体外细胞研究发现, DMC能够显著抑制人胃癌细胞MGC-803和HGC-27细胞的细胞活力, 且效果优于FKB, 在正常胃黏膜上皮细胞和正常肝细胞上的细胞毒性也均低于FKB。体内实验也表明, DMC能够抑制裸鼠胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤重量的增长, 且不同于阳性对照药5-FU组中小鼠存在腹泻、体重减轻、肝脏指数与脾脏指数下降的不良反应, DMC给药组小鼠状态良好, 无腹泻与体重减轻症状, 肝脏指数亦无异常。
肿瘤的生长和进展由肿瘤细胞的增殖和凋亡之间的不平衡驱动, 增殖过度和凋亡不足促进肿瘤的生长和扩散[17]。细胞增殖是指细胞通过分裂增加数量的过程。EdU是一种胸腺嘧啶核苷类似物, 可以用于评估细胞增殖的水平[18], 而Ki-67蛋白是肿瘤增殖的标志物[19]。本研究发现, DMC不仅可以降低胃癌细胞EdU绿色荧光标记的增殖细胞率, 还能够抑制胃癌细胞增殖相关蛋白Ki-67的表达, 即DMC能够抑制胃癌细胞增殖。
细胞凋亡是一种程序性细胞死亡过程, 抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2能够抑制促凋亡蛋白Bax的活性, 阻止线粒体外膜通透性增加, 从而抑制细胞凋亡[20]。当细胞受到凋亡刺激时, Bax被激活并转移到线粒体外膜, 形成孔道, 导致线粒体外膜通透性增加, 释放细胞色素c[21]; 细胞色素c在形成凋亡小体后激活caspase-9 (活化形式为cleaved caspase-9), cleaved caspase-9激活下游的caspase-3 (活化形式为cleaved caspase-3)[22], 而cleaved caspase-3又能够进一步激活PARP (活化形式为cleaved PARP), 从而诱导细胞发生凋亡[23]。本研究发现, DMC可以显著促进胃癌细胞的凋亡, 下调胃癌细胞抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达, 上调促凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP的表达, 提示DMC可能通过线粒体途径介导促进胃癌细胞凋亡。
本课题组以往的研究发现, 蜡菊亭及其结构类似物具有抑制肿瘤糖酵解的作用[4-6], 因此猜测DMC可能也通过调控胃癌细胞的糖酵解, 发挥胃癌抑制作用, 而本研究通过转录组学研究也证明了代谢在DMC抑制胃癌作用中可能有着关键作用, DMC调控胃癌细胞的代谢相关差异表达基因富集到糖酵解功能。肿瘤细胞的代谢依赖性与正常细胞有很大不同, 肿瘤细胞能够通过改变代谢途径(如Warburg效应), 获得更多的能量和合成代谢前体[24], 支持肿瘤细胞的疯狂增殖[25]。无论在有氧或无氧条件下, 肿瘤细胞都更倾向于通过糖酵解获能[26]。胃癌细胞对葡萄糖的需求远远大于正常细胞, 通过GLUT如GLUT3和GLUT4摄取胞外的葡萄糖[4], 再通过糖酵解途径于细胞质中将葡萄糖分解为两分子丙酮酸, 生成少量ATP和NADH[27], 然后丙酮酸被LDHA还原为乳酸[28], 同时再生NAD+, 维持糖酵解的持续进行。PDHK1的激活促使丙酮酸更多地被转化为乳酸, 抑制丙酮酸进入线粒体进行氧化磷酸化, 从而促进糖酵解[29]。MCT1由494个氨基酸构成, 贯通12次膜, 并有两个末端, 即N末端和C末端, C末端的氨基酸排列更具特异性, 没有ATP结合部, 因此其对于乳酸的转运依赖于乳酸浓度梯度而非能量。胃癌细胞糖酵解产生的乳酸通过MCT1和MCT4排出细胞, 酸化肿瘤微环境并防止细胞内酸中毒[30]。c-Myc是目前已知的调控胃癌细胞糖酵解的关键转录因子[6, 31], 通过直接结合其靶基因如PDHK1、LDHA、GLUT3、GLUT4、MCT1、MCT4的启动因子, 从而调控其糖酵解相关靶基因的表达, 调控胃癌细胞的糖酵解[32, 33]。本研究发现, DMC能够显著下调胃癌细胞葡萄糖摄取能力和乳酸生成、外排, 下调糖酵解相关蛋白c-Myc、GLUT3、LDHA、PDHK1、MCT1的表达, 抑制葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解速率, 通过翻转实验也进一步证明DMC抑制胃癌细胞增殖, 促进细胞凋亡作用是通过其对c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解途径的调控, 提示DMC可能通过抑制c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取和糖酵解, 从而发挥抑制胃癌生长作用。
综上所述, 本研究首先通过体外实验明确了DMC抑制胃癌细胞活力与增殖并促进凋亡, 通过胃癌细胞皮下移植瘤裸鼠模型明确了DMC体内的胃癌抑制作用; 进一步从糖酵解切入研究其胃癌抑制作用分子机制, 发现DMC可能通过抑制胃癌细胞c-Myc蛋白的表达, 抑制其靶基因如GLUT3、LDHA、PDHK1、MCT1的蛋白表达, 下调c-Myc介导的葡萄糖摄取能力和糖酵解, 从而抑制胃癌细胞增殖, 促进胃癌细胞凋亡, 最终发挥抗胃癌作用。本研究提示, DMC在临床治疗胃癌的潜在作用, 且DMC的毒副作用可能小于临床常用化疗药5-FU。
作者贡献: 李昱彤负责文献查阅, 具体实验设计与实施和数据分析, 论文初稿和论文修改稿的撰写; 李文标参与动物实验及预实验; 张玉杰参与动物实验及部分蛋白免疫印迹实验; 潘巧岭参与预实验及动物实验取材; 杜婷婷参与动物实验取材和部分实验; 吴辉负责实验技术指导; 黄菲和费晓燕参与理论指导和数据分析指导; 吴晓俊和石海莲负责科学假说及整体研究方案的设计指导, 论文修改。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82474132)
  • 上海市自然科学基金(23ZR1463100)
  • 上海市自然科学基金(21ZR1462800)
  • 上海市复方中药重点实验室开放课题(21DZ2270500)
  • 研究生创新培养专项(Y2021088)
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2025年第60卷第5期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1136
  • 接收时间:2024-11-15
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15
  • 修回日期:2025-01-24
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82474132)
上海市自然科学基金(23ZR1463100)
上海市自然科学基金(21ZR1462800)
上海市复方中药重点实验室开放课题(21DZ2270500)
研究生创新培养专项(Y2021088)
作者信息
    1.上海市复方中药重点实验室, 教育部中药标准化重点实验室, 国家中医药管理局中药新资源与品质评价重点研究室, 上海中药标准化研究中心, 上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海 201203
    2.上海中医药大学附属龙华医院脾胃病一科, 上海 200032

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*吴晓俊, E-mail:
石海莲, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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