Article(id=1190373730992886299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=1720886400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761736813543, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1746979200000, pubDateStr=2025-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761736813543, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761736813543, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761736813543, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190332325088039709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='5', pageStart='1183', pageEnd='1572', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761726941606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761813457266, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190695198163354009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190695198163354010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190332325088039709, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1534, endPage=1542, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190373731336819229, articleId=1190373730992886299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Investigation of preparation process of puerarin-carrying plasma exosomes and effect on permeability in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Plasma exosomes (Pla-Exos) were extracted from rats by ultracentrifugation. The ultracentrifugation method extracted rat Pla-Exos at a speed of 150 000 ×g for 2.5 h. Various purification methods including ultracentrifugation, magnetic bead capture method, and ultrafiltration would be employed to purify Pla-Exos. The Pue-Exos were prepared via sonication-assisted and co-incubation methods. The influence factors and levels of the preparation of plasma exosomes carrying puerarin (Pue-Exos) were investigated by RSM plus CCD method with encapsulation rate as an index. Then the characterization, the stability, and in vitro release of Pue-Exos were determined. The particle sizes of exosomes purified by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, or magnetic bead capture method were all within the range of 30-150 nm. The Western blot results showed that purified Pla-Exos and Pue-Exos contained marker proteins TSG101, CD63, and CD81. The TEM showed that purified Pla-Exos and Pue-Exos exhibited well-defined double-layered membrane vesicle structures. The optimal prescription conditions for preparing Pue-Exos were finally determined as follows: 1 h ultrasound time, 39 W ultrasound power, mass ratio of 10∶1. The prepared Pue-Exos exhibit good stability and sustained release, significantly enhancing the in vitro transpermeability of puerarin across the blood-brain barrier (P < 0.01). This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Hebei North University, and ethics approval number was HBNV202307012103.

, correspAuthors=Wei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi ZHANG, Lu-ge HAO, Xin ZHANG, Sheng-xiao ZHANG, jian-dong ZHANG, Zhen-ao ZHAO, Wei LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190374291448369859, articleId=1190373730992886299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=载葛根素血浆外泌体的制备及其对体外血脑屏障模型通透性的影响, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过超速离心法提取大鼠血浆外泌体(plasma exosomes, Pla-Exos), 150 000 ×g, 离心2.5 h。比较超速离心法、超滤法、磁珠捕获法对Pla-Exos的纯化效果。使用超声共孵育的方法制备载葛根素外泌体(plasma exosomes carrying puerarin, Pue-Exos), 以包封率为指标采用响应面法筛选最优处方并测定表征、评估稳定性和体外释放情况。纯化的Pla-Exos和Pue-Exos的粒径均在30~150 nm内; 蛋白质免疫印迹法结果显示, 纯化的Pla-Exos和Pue-Exos均含有标志蛋白TSG101、CD63、CD81。透射电镜观察纯化后的Pla-Exos和Pue-Exos均具有良好的双层膜囊泡结构。Pue-Exos制备的最优处方为孵育1 h, 超声功率39 W, 载药比10∶1。制备得到的Pue-Exos有较好的稳定性和缓释作用, 提高了葛根素体外血脑屏障的透过效率(P < 0.01)。本研究经河北北方学院实验动物伦理审查委员会批准, 伦理审批号:HBNV202307012103。

, correspAuthors=李炜, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李炜, Tel: 13931315091, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=YIO3iGGAoBD/hPjuBAhHrA==, magXml=QADQVJzo4znJ2fUnXnsvBA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qTX/jXiyvDbAmcvo6nHc3w==, pdfFileSize=2660511, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1lAAbkrvJ/Obf8O5ZensAA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0JLrWn7aDy9Tl5zxKxbcRA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张奇, 郝路格, 张鑫, 张胜霄, 张健东, 赵振奥, 李炜)}, authors=[Author(id=1190694804699889864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694804808941772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694804699889864, language=EN, stringName=Qi ZHANG, firstName=Qi, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694804922187983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694804699889864, language=CN, stringName=张奇, firstName=奇, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1190694805014462675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694805148680408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694805014462675, language=EN, stringName=Lu-ge HAO, firstName=Lu-ge, middleName=null, lastName=HAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694805257732314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694805014462675, language=CN, stringName=郝路格, firstName=路格, middleName=null, lastName=郝, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1190694806025289948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694806109176031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694806025289948, language=EN, stringName=Xin ZHANG, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694806188867808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694806025289948, language=CN, stringName=张鑫, firstName=鑫, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1190694806553772258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694806805430503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694806553772258, language=EN, stringName=Sheng-xiao ZHANG, firstName=Sheng-xiao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694807908532457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694806553772258, language=CN, stringName=张胜霄, firstName=胜霄, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1190694808055333100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694808168579312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694808055333100, language=EN, stringName=jian-dong ZHANG, firstName=jian-dong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694808244076786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694808055333100, language=CN, stringName=张健东, firstName=健东, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1190694808319574260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694808550260981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694808319574260, language=EN, stringName=Zhen-ao ZHAO, firstName=Zhen-ao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694808617369846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694808319574260, language=CN, stringName=赵振奥, firstName=振奥, middleName=null, lastName=赵, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.河北北方学院微循环研究所, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804620198084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804628586693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804620198084, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804636975302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804620198084, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河北北方学院微循环研究所, 河北 张家口 075000)])]), Author(id=1190694808718033145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=leewei318@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190694808881611006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694808718033145, language=EN, stringName=Wei LI, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190694808961302784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, authorId=1190694808718033145, language=CN, stringName=李炜, firstName=炜, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1190694809187795202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=puerarin), Keyword(id=1190694809397510404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=plasma exosome), Keyword(id=1190694809988907270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=ultracentrifugation), Keyword(id=1190694810433503497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=magnetic bead capture method), Keyword(id=1190694810555138315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=blood-brain barrier), Keyword(id=1190694810756464909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=葛根素), Keyword(id=1190694810890682638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=血浆外泌体), Keyword(id=1190694810982957328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=超速离心法), Keyword(id=1190694811100397841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=磁珠捕获法), Keyword(id=1190694811314307346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=血脑屏障)], refs=[Reference(id=1190694818314600776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Huang R, Wan JY. Puerarin: a potential natural neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 162: 114581., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694818398486858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Puerarin: a review of pharmacological effects [J]. Phytother Res, 2014, 28: 961-975., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694818591424843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Krylova SV, Feng DR. The machinery of exosomes: biogenesis, release, and uptake [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24: 1337., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694818662728013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes [J]. Science, 2020, 367: eaau6977., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694818738225487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Abdelsalam M, Ahmed M, Osaid Z, et al. Insights into exosome transport through the blood-brain barrier and the potential therapeutical applications in brain diseases [J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 16: 571., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694818817917265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang YB. Preparation of Plasma Exosomes as Drug Carriers and Their Protective Mechanism against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (血浆外泌体作为药物载体的制备及其对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护机制研究) [D]. Jinzhou: Jinzhou Medical University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694818897609043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang LJ. Preparation of Plasma Exosomes as Drug Carrier and Study on Synergistic Effect of Plasma Exosomes Loaded Ginkgolide B on Improving Cognitive Function in Dementia Model (血浆外泌体作为药物载体的制备及探讨其负载银杏内酯B在痴呆模型中对改善认知功能协同作用的研究) [D]. Jinzhou: Jinzhou Medical University, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819287679316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ha D, Yang NN, Nadithe V. Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2016, 6: 287-296., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819405119829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lindstrom NM, Moore DM, Zimmerman K, et al. Hematologic assessment in pet rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils: blood sample collection and blood cell identification [J]. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract, 2015, 18: 21-32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819568697688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi WL, Yuan R, Chen X, et al. Puerarin reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by targeting eNOS [J]. Am J Chin Med, 2019, 47: 19-38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819690332506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan Y, Zhou H, Wu QQ, et al. Puerarin attenuates the inflammatory response and apoptosis in LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes [J]. Exp Ther Med, 2016, 11: 415-420., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819765829980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang BJ, Hang HF, Wang H, et al. Preparation of puerarin long circulating liposomes and its effect on osteoporosis in castrated rats [J]. J Pharm Sci, 2024, 113: 1823-1835., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819841327454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lv JY, Shi SQ, Zhang BX, et al. Role of puerarin in pathological cardiac remodeling: a review [J]. Pharmacol Res, 2022, 178: 106152., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694819921019232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Q, Wang X, Du LN. Application of exosomes in brain-targeted delivery [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 658-669., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694820092985697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang YY, Chen LQ, Liu X, et al. Advances in research on exosomes as drug delivery vehicles [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2019, 54: 1010-1016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694820302700899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=González-Sarrías A, Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, et al. Milk-derived exosomes as nanocarriers to deliver curcumin and resveratrol in breast tissue and enhance their anticancer activity [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23: 2860., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694821477106022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao JW, Li Y, Jia RR, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as dexamethasone delivery vehicles for autoimmune hepatitis therapy [J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2021, 9: 650376., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694821615518055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang ZX, Guo L, Huang LJ, et al. Baicalin-loaded macrophage-derived exosomes ameliorate ischemic brain injury via the antioxidative pathway [J]. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2021, 126: 112123., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694821686821224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim BK, Canonica J, Roudnicky F, et al. Preventing VEGF-mediated vascular permeability by experimentally potentiating BBB characteristics in endothelial cells [J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2022, 2475: 259-274., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694821993005417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cohen J, D'Agostino L, Tuzer F, et al. HIV antiretroviral therapy drugs induce premature senescence and altered physiology in HUVECs [J]. Mech Ageing Dev, 2018, 175: 74-82., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190694822303383915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=An ZX, Zhang Q, Shi CY, et al. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of lactoferrin-modified liposomes of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide [J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm (中国现代应用药学), 2023, 40: 1317-1329., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190694817488322884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, awardId=82370508, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82370508), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190694817584791878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, awardId=H2020405298, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省自然科学基金资助项目(H2020405298), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190694804452425918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804460814527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804469203136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804452425918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804532117697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804540506306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804548894915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804532117697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190694804620198084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804628586693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804620198084, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190694804636975302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, companyId=1190694804620198084, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河北北方学院微循环研究所, 河北 张家口 075000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190694812568404246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5XqiGQNAIkD+fFTZD7Al1w==, figureFileBig=A3VXyJKvMxnYDlDd/EyXgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694812631318808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Particle size distribution of purified plasma exosomes (Pla-Exos). A: Ultracentrifugation; B: Magnetic bead capture method; C: Ultrafiltration , figureFileSmall=5XqiGQNAIkD+fFTZD7Al1w==, figureFileBig=A3VXyJKvMxnYDlDd/EyXgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694812757147930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tNYFY3T5wbLcXausY7miQA==, figureFileBig=qcLdCVqv/nzft0Dyj+XmUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694812983640349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Purified Pla-Exos labeled protein and TEM image of Exos purified by different methods. A: Purified Pla-Exos labeled protein (a: Ultracentrifugation; b: Magnetic bead capture method; c: Ultrafiltration); B: Ultracentrifugation; C: Magnetic bead capture method; D: Ultrafiltration (× 30 000). TEM: Transmission electron microscopy , figureFileSmall=tNYFY3T5wbLcXausY7miQA==, figureFileBig=qcLdCVqv/nzft0Dyj+XmUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694813096886558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=A/qtQ5sUHig7spTJylbEXg==, figureFileBig=1PPqPL9+lh8GpvoqwlR+BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694813243687199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Efficiency evaluation of purifying exosomes and single-factor investigation of drug loading. A: Pla-Exos purification recovery determination and economics examination (a: Ultracentrifugation; b: Magnetic bead capture method; c: Ultrafiltration). <i>n</i> = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001; B: Effect of incubation time on encapsulation rate; C: Effect of ultrasonic power on encapsulation rate; D: Effect of mass ratio on encapsulation rate. EE: Encapsulation efficiency , figureFileSmall=A/qtQ5sUHig7spTJylbEXg==, figureFileBig=1PPqPL9+lh8GpvoqwlR+BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694813369516321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dVjV8wJOTRSpMiFZtJPpfw==, figureFileBig=qdJta29Hzqv2JHknEc1rtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694813445013795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Response surface and contour diagrams , figureFileSmall=dVjV8wJOTRSpMiFZtJPpfw==, figureFileBig=qdJta29Hzqv2JHknEc1rtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694813537288485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h7L0OUVYocnlM3XFD3/fHg==, figureFileBig=rwiMWsGa08ABZwI3lX3paw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814011244839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The features of plasma exosomes carrying puerarin (Pue-Exos). A: Particle size; B: Marker proteins (a: Exos marker protein; b: Pue-Exos marker protein); C: Transmission electron microscopy (× 30 000) , figureFileSmall=h7L0OUVYocnlM3XFD3/fHg==, figureFileBig=rwiMWsGa08ABZwI3lX3paw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814430675241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1fMt7bzy0zqvDcRfR7r50w==, figureFileBig=2n/xphsSc+w9AgPLpTOCiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814569087275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The stability and <i>in vitro</i> release experiment of Pue-Exos. A: Stability examination of Pla-Exos; B: Stability examination of Pue-Exos; C: Release curve <i>in vitro</i>. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x} \pm s$ , figureFileSmall=1fMt7bzy0zqvDcRfR7r50w==, figureFileBig=2n/xphsSc+w9AgPLpTOCiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814648779053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+EQo8NX+WJxoTkp8jjRs1Q==, figureFileBig=2T98R+SOz/UX7kEg84YHBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814837522735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Cell morphology observation and leakage test results. A: Cell morphology of Huvces (× 100); B: Results of 4 h leakage test , figureFileSmall=+EQo8NX+WJxoTkp8jjRs1Q==, figureFileBig=2T98R+SOz/UX7kEg84YHBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814904631601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QPWoXl4Ia5TQ35Y255JknA==, figureFileBig=vKLVOA3yvxSzt3JJiAswog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694814971740467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= BBB model TEER assay and cell viability analysis. A: TEER values of <i>in vitro</i> BBB models in co-culture group and single cell group; B: Effect of different concentrations of Pue and Pue-Exos on C6 cell survival; C: Effect of different concentrations of Pue and Pue-Exos on HUVECs cell survival. BBB: Blood-brain barrier; TEER: Trans endothelial electrical resistance. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x} \pm s$. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 , figureFileSmall=QPWoXl4Ia5TQ35Y255JknA==, figureFileBig=vKLVOA3yvxSzt3JJiAswog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694815080792373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6mYi7G5qlsHlvd3qD8S78Q==, figureFileBig=0trZsvP9AG2IqoqZ+FR5WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694815156289847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption= <i>In vitro</i> BBB model transmission efficiency. A: Pue group; B: Pue-Exos group. Compared with Pue group, <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M7">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 , figureFileSmall=6mYi7G5qlsHlvd3qD8S78Q==, figureFileBig=0trZsvP9AG2IqoqZ+FR5WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190694815227593017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Level Single factor
A B C
Incubation time/h Ultrasonic power/W Mass ratio
1 0.75 26 7.5
2 1 39 10
3 1.25 52 12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1190694815533777211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels code

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Level Single factor
A B C
Incubation time/h Ultrasonic power/W Mass ratio
1 0.75 26 7.5
2 1 39 10
3 1.25 52 12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1190694815697355068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number A B C EE%
Incubation time/h Ultrasonic power/W Mass ratio
1 1 39 10 28.79
2 0.75 26 10 16.21
3 0.75 39 12.5 17.43
4 1.25 52 10 16.27
5 1 39 10 29.1
6 1.25 39 12.5 20.87
7 1.25 26 10 18.43
8 1 52 12.5 15
9 1 26 7.5 20.03
10 1 39 10 29.15
11 1 39 10 28.45
12 1.25 39 7.5 22.96
13 1 52 7.5 17.14
14 0.75 52 10 14
15 0.75 39 7.5 19.82
16 1 39 10 29.16
17 1 26 12.5 18
), ArticleFig(id=1190694815860932925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Plan and results of Box-Behnken trials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Number A B C EE%
Incubation time/h Ultrasonic power/W Mass ratio
1 1 39 10 28.79
2 0.75 26 10 16.21
3 0.75 39 12.5 17.43
4 1.25 52 10 16.27
5 1 39 10 29.1
6 1.25 39 12.5 20.87
7 1.25 26 10 18.43
8 1 52 12.5 15
9 1 26 7.5 20.03
10 1 39 10 29.15
11 1 39 10 28.45
12 1.25 39 7.5 22.96
13 1 52 7.5 17.14
14 0.75 52 10 14
15 0.75 39 7.5 19.82
16 1 39 10 29.16
17 1 26 12.5 18
), ArticleFig(id=1190694817035338047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source of variance Sum of square Degree of freedom Meansquare F P
Model 492.48 9.00 54.72 312.17 < 0.000 1
A-Incubation time 15.32 1.00 15.32 87.39 < 0.000 1
B-Ultrasonic power 13.16 1.00 13.16 75.07 < 0.000 1
C-Mass ratio 9.35 1.00 9.35 53.36 0.000 2
AB 0.000 6 1.00 0.000 6 0.003 6 0.954 1
AC 0.022 5 1.00 0.022 5 0.128 4 0.730 7
BC 0.003 0 1.00 0.003 0 0.017 3 0.899 2
104.74 1.00 104.74 597.51 < 0.000 1
250.62 1.00 250.62 1 429.73 < 0.000 1
56.79 1.00 56.79 323.97 < 0.000 1
Residual 1.23 7.00 0.175 3
Lack of fit 0.846 8 3.00 0.282 3 2.97 0.160 2
Pure error 0.380 2 4.00 0.095 1
Cor total 493.71 16.00
), ArticleFig(id=1190694817194721601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190373730992886299, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source of variance Sum of square Degree of freedom Meansquare F P
Model 492.48 9.00 54.72 312.17 < 0.000 1
A-Incubation time 15.32 1.00 15.32 87.39 < 0.000 1
B-Ultrasonic power 13.16 1.00 13.16 75.07 < 0.000 1
C-Mass ratio 9.35 1.00 9.35 53.36 0.000 2
AB 0.000 6 1.00 0.000 6 0.003 6 0.954 1
AC 0.022 5 1.00 0.022 5 0.128 4 0.730 7
BC 0.003 0 1.00 0.003 0 0.017 3 0.899 2
104.74 1.00 104.74 597.51 < 0.000 1
250.62 1.00 250.62 1 429.73 < 0.000 1
56.79 1.00 56.79 323.97 < 0.000 1
Residual 1.23 7.00 0.175 3
Lack of fit 0.846 8 3.00 0.282 3 2.97 0.160 2
Pure error 0.380 2 4.00 0.095 1
Cor total 493.71 16.00
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
载葛根素血浆外泌体的制备及其对体外血脑屏障模型通透性的影响
收藏切换
PDF下载
张奇 1, 2 , 郝路格 1, 2 , 张鑫 1, 2 , 张胜霄 1, 2 , 张健东 1, 2 , 赵振奥 3 , 李炜 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(5): 1534-1542
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 60(5): 1534-1542
载葛根素血浆外泌体的制备及其对体外血脑屏障模型通透性的影响
全屏
张奇1, 2, 郝路格1, 2, 张鑫1, 2, 张胜霄1, 2, 张健东1, 2, 赵振奥3, 李炜1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
  • 2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000
  • 3.河北北方学院微循环研究所, 河北 张家口 075000

通讯作者:

*李炜, Tel: 13931315091, E-mail:
Investigation of preparation process of puerarin-carrying plasma exosomes and effect on permeability in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model
Qi ZHANG1, 2, Lu-ge HAO1, 2, Xin ZHANG1, 2, Sheng-xiao ZHANG1, 2, jian-dong ZHANG1, 2, Zhen-ao ZHAO3, Wei LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
  • 2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
  • 3. Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516
文章导航
收藏切换

通过超速离心法提取大鼠血浆外泌体(plasma exosomes, Pla-Exos), 150 000 ×g, 离心2.5 h。比较超速离心法、超滤法、磁珠捕获法对Pla-Exos的纯化效果。使用超声共孵育的方法制备载葛根素外泌体(plasma exosomes carrying puerarin, Pue-Exos), 以包封率为指标采用响应面法筛选最优处方并测定表征、评估稳定性和体外释放情况。纯化的Pla-Exos和Pue-Exos的粒径均在30~150 nm内; 蛋白质免疫印迹法结果显示, 纯化的Pla-Exos和Pue-Exos均含有标志蛋白TSG101、CD63、CD81。透射电镜观察纯化后的Pla-Exos和Pue-Exos均具有良好的双层膜囊泡结构。Pue-Exos制备的最优处方为孵育1 h, 超声功率39 W, 载药比10∶1。制备得到的Pue-Exos有较好的稳定性和缓释作用, 提高了葛根素体外血脑屏障的透过效率(P < 0.01)。本研究经河北北方学院实验动物伦理审查委员会批准, 伦理审批号:HBNV202307012103。

葛根素  /  血浆外泌体  /  超速离心法  /  磁珠捕获法  /  血脑屏障

Plasma exosomes (Pla-Exos) were extracted from rats by ultracentrifugation. The ultracentrifugation method extracted rat Pla-Exos at a speed of 150 000 ×g for 2.5 h. Various purification methods including ultracentrifugation, magnetic bead capture method, and ultrafiltration would be employed to purify Pla-Exos. The Pue-Exos were prepared via sonication-assisted and co-incubation methods. The influence factors and levels of the preparation of plasma exosomes carrying puerarin (Pue-Exos) were investigated by RSM plus CCD method with encapsulation rate as an index. Then the characterization, the stability, and in vitro release of Pue-Exos were determined. The particle sizes of exosomes purified by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, or magnetic bead capture method were all within the range of 30-150 nm. The Western blot results showed that purified Pla-Exos and Pue-Exos contained marker proteins TSG101, CD63, and CD81. The TEM showed that purified Pla-Exos and Pue-Exos exhibited well-defined double-layered membrane vesicle structures. The optimal prescription conditions for preparing Pue-Exos were finally determined as follows: 1 h ultrasound time, 39 W ultrasound power, mass ratio of 10∶1. The prepared Pue-Exos exhibit good stability and sustained release, significantly enhancing the in vitro transpermeability of puerarin across the blood-brain barrier (P < 0.01). This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Hebei North University, and ethics approval number was HBNV202307012103.

puerarin  /  plasma exosome  /  ultracentrifugation  /  magnetic bead capture method  /  blood-brain barrier
张奇, 郝路格, 张鑫, 张胜霄, 张健东, 赵振奥, 李炜. 载葛根素血浆外泌体的制备及其对体外血脑屏障模型通透性的影响. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (5) : 1534 -1542 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516
Qi ZHANG, Lu-ge HAO, Xin ZHANG, Sheng-xiao ZHANG, jian-dong ZHANG, Zhen-ao ZHAO, Wei LI. Investigation of preparation process of puerarin-carrying plasma exosomes and effect on permeability in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (5) : 1534 -1542 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516
葛根素是葛根根部中最丰富的次级代谢产物[1], 研究表明葛根素可通过清除自由基、激活AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2信号通路增强抗氧化能力, 通过调节线粒体自噬和抑制NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD通路保护神经细胞, 对多种生物学途径产生影响[2]。但葛根素也同时存在类似其他中药有效成分的水溶性较差、生物利用度低、难透过血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier, BBB) 等问题。近年来, 研究人员关注到葛根素虽然含有极性的羟基, 但较大的分子量和结构特点限制了其水中的溶解性。一些研究通过化学结构优化、载体包载等方式可改善葛根素的理化性质和生物利用度, 为载葛根素新剂型的研发提供了思路。
外泌体作为自然存在的纳米级囊泡能够有效地穿透各种生物屏障, 具有稳定、特异、灵敏、运输高效等特点[3]。外泌体广泛分布于人体的多种体液中, 由各类细胞分泌, 并在体内发挥着重要的生物学功能[4]。在血液中, 血浆外泌体(plasma exosomes, Pla-Exos) 的含量十分丰富, 它们携带着大量的蛋白质和遗传信息。血浆外泌体透过血脑屏障的机制包括受体介导的跨细胞运输、胞吞作用介导的内皮细胞摄取、紧密连接调控引起的通透性改变, 以及在炎症或神经退行性疾病等病理状态下血脑屏障通透性的增加, 这些机制协同作用使外泌体能够有效跨越血脑屏障, 参与大脑的生理和病理过程[5]。Pla-Exos可以将药物包裹进入囊泡中, 从而透过BBB将药物递送到发病部位, 使得药物的疗效增加, 进而减少不良反应的产生[6, 7]。目前, Pla-Exos载药治疗中枢神经系统疾病的研究仍处于探索阶段, 希望通过Pla-Exos的低免疫原性、生物相容性和屏障穿透能力为疾病的治疗提供新的策略[8]。基于此, 本研究选择以Pla-Exos为载体, 超声共孵育法制备载葛根素血浆外泌体(plasma exosomes carrying puerarin, Pue-Exos)。旨在探究Pue-Exos制备工艺, 并通过体外模拟BBB模型观察Pue-Exos的透过能力, 为载葛根素外泌体的新剂型的研发提供理论和实验依据。
材料与动物  磁珠捕获试剂盒(奥秘佳得公司); 葛根素(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); CCK-8试剂盒(碧云天生物科技有限公司); BCA试剂盒(索莱宝公司); Anti-CD63抗体(Affinity Biosciences公司); Anti-TSG101抗体、Anti-CD81 (Abcam公司); 辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG H & L (北京博奥森生物技术有限公司); ECM内皮培养基、C6细胞专用培养基(Icell公司); 人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)、大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞(C6) (上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心); SD大鼠购自斯贝福生物技术有限公司, 许可证号SCXK (京) 2019-0010, 本研究经河北北方学院动物伦理审查委员会批准, 伦理审批号: HBNV202307012103。
仪器  3K30型高速低温离心机(Sigma公司); XPN-100超速离心机(贝克曼库尔特公司); 7650型透射电子显微镜(日立公司); ZETASIZER Nanoseries纳米粒度电位仪(英国马尔文仪器有限公司); Infinite 200 PRO多功能酶标仪(澳大利亚Tecan公司); FM0530多色荧光和化学发光成像系统(Protein Simple公司); Lab Tech UV2100紫外分光光度计(北京莱伯泰科有限公司)。
Pla-Exos提取及纯化
SD大鼠血浆分离  采用标准化实验方法选择体重300 ± 20 g、7周龄的SD雄性大鼠进行实验。实验前一晚禁食自由饮水。将大鼠随机分为3组, 进行血浆提取。参考文献[9]报道, 大鼠麻醉后腹主动脉取血。血样在4 ℃、2.5×103 ×g的条件下离心15 min, 共两次。离心后收集血浆, 将样本保存在-80 ℃的冰箱中备用。
Pla-Exos提取与纯化  SD大鼠血浆和无菌过膜磷酸缓冲盐溶液(phoshate-buffered saline, PBS) 按照1∶4的比例进行稀释, 在4 ℃、1.5×104 ×g的条件下离心30 min, 去除没有完全分离的红细胞和细胞碎片。使用0.22 μm的微孔滤膜过滤上清液, 将过滤好的上清液存放于离心管中备用。在4 ℃、1.5×105 ×g的条件下离心2.5 h。去上清, 底部沉淀即为外泌体, 使用过膜PBS重悬沉淀, 并用3种方法对其进行纯化。①超速离心法: 在提取的外泌体中加入预冷的PBS溶液, 在4 ℃、1.5×105 ×g的条件下离心2.5 h, 进行外泌体纯化; ②磁珠捕获法: 将磁珠添加到离心后的悬液中, 然后在4 ℃下孵育1 h。离心使磁珠沉淀, 使用洗脱液将磁珠上的外泌体洗脱下来, 即可获得纯化后的外泌体溶液; ③超滤法: 将外泌体溶液加入100 kDa的超滤管中, 加入预冷的PBS, 在4 ℃、1.3×104 ×g的条件下离心15 min, 重复4次, 使外泌体充分纯化。
Pla-Exos表征  通过纳米粒度电位仪、蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot) 及透射电镜对纯化后Pla-Exos进行鉴定。通过纳米粒度电位仪分析不同方法纯化得到的SD大鼠血浆外泌体的粒径大小。Western blot法检测Pla-Exos中TSG101 (1∶10 000)、CD63 (1∶1 000)、CD81 (1∶10 000) 蛋白表达水平。将Pla-Exos溶液滴于铜网上, 使外泌体溶液的小部分自然地吸附于铜网的碳膜上, 在室温下静置5~10 min。在铜网上滴加2%的磷钨酸溶液进行负染约5 min, 通过透射电镜观察SD大鼠血浆外泌体形态。
Pla-Exos纯化回收率测定及经济学考察  使用BCA法测定3种纯化方法样本的蛋白质量浓度, 根据耗损比例, 评估3种方法的回收率。通过统计3种纯化方法耗损的时间及经济, 对不同方法进行对比分析。
Pue-Exos制备及表征
葛根素紫外分析方法确立  使用甲醇将葛根素溶解成20 μg·mL-1对照品溶液, 在紫外分光光度计200~600 nm内进行全波长扫描, 确定葛根素的最大吸收波长。精密称取5 mg的葛根素标准品, 用甲醇溶解并稀释, 定容于10 mL量瓶, 分别配制成质量浓度为2、4、6、8、10和12 μg·mL-1的溶液, 在最大吸收波长处检测并绘制标准曲线。分别对葛根素进行精密度实验、回收率实验及重复性实验。①精密度实验: 配置质量浓度为8、10、12 μg·mL-1的葛根素溶液, 每日8、10、12、14和16点记录吸光度值, 计算日内精密度; 连续5天10点记录8、10、12 μg·mL-1溶液的吸光度值, 计算日间精密度; ②回收率实验: 配置质量浓度为8、10、12 μg·mL-1的葛根素溶液, 测量吸光度值, 计算回收率; ③重复性实验: 制备质量浓度为10 μg·mL-1的葛根素溶液, 均匀取出6份, 测量吸光度值, 计算相对标准偏差(RSD) 值, 评价方法的重现性。
Pue-Exos的制备  取一定质量浓度外泌体溶液与葛根素溶液混合, 使用超声波细胞破碎仪进行超声处理, 以工作15 s、间歇15 s、持续1.5 min、冰上降温2 min为1个周期, 重复3次。在超声处理后, 为恢复外泌体膜的稳定性, 将获得的混合溶液在37 ℃条件下孵育。将获得的载药外泌体上清液再次使用磁珠提取的方式来进行药物和外泌体的分离。
单因素考察  考察孵育时间、超声功率及Pla-Exos与葛根素的质量比对包封率(encapsulation efficiency, EE) 的影响。固定超声功率为26 W, 质量比为10∶1, 改变孵育时间分别为0.5、0.75、1、1.25和1.5 h, 以评估孵育时间对EE%的影响; 在保持孵育时间1 h, 质量比为7.5∶1的条件下, 调整超声功率为13、26、39、52和65 W, 探究超声功率对EE%的影响; 在26 W的超声功率、1 h的孵育时间下, Pla-Exos与葛根素的质量比为5∶1、7.5∶1、10∶1、12.5∶1和15∶1, 观察质量比对EE%的影响。根据公式(1) 计算EE%, 根据公式(2) 计算质量比。
$ \mathrm{E}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{\%}\mathrm{ }=\mathrm{ }\left(\frac{{M}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{e}-\mathrm{E}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}}}{{M}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{e}}}\right)\mathrm{ }\times \mathrm{ }100\mathrm{\%} $
$ \mathrm{质量比}=\left(\frac{{M}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}-\mathrm{E}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}}}{{M}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{e}}}\right)\times \mathrm{ }100\mathrm{\%} $
其中, $ {M}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{e}-\mathrm{E}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}} $为载葛根素外泌体中葛根素质量, MPue为葛根素投药量, MPla-Exos为血浆外泌体质量。
响应曲面设计法考察最佳处方及验证选择超声功率、孵育时间、质量比3个因素作为自变量, 并将这3个因素在单因素实验中的最佳值及其临近值作为各自的3个水平。使用统计软件Design-Expert 12, 以EE%作为响应值, 设计Box-Behnken实验。通过对模型的拟合得出最佳处方条件。根据这些条件对Pue-Exos进行重复制备, 对3次重复实验的EE%进行测定以验证最优条件的可重复性。
Pue-Exos稳定性考察  将制备好的Pue-Exos和Pla-Exos分别保存在4、-20和-80 ℃的条件下, 连续7天内, 每天用纳米粒度电位仪进行3次粒径测量, 以观察这7天内Pue-Exos和Pla-Exos的粒径变化情况。
Pue-Exos体外释放度考察  将含药量相同的葛根素、Pue-Exos加入透析袋中, 置于37 ℃的PBS中(pH为7.4), 转速为100 r·min-1, 于0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12、24、36、48和72 h时各取1 mL, 同时补入1 mL的溶出介质, 通过紫外分光光度计测定吸光度值, 计算各组葛根素的含量和累积释放率, 并绘制葛根素、Pue-Exos的溶出曲线。
Pue-Exos表征分析Pue-Exos的表征测定方法与Pla-Exos一致。
Pue-Exos血脑屏障透过能力的考察
模型建立  将HUVECs和C6细胞进行共培养, 以构建模拟生理条件的体外BBB模型。将HUVECs细胞悬液以1.6×104 well-1的细胞密度接种于24孔Transwell小室的PET膜上, 每孔加入250 μL内皮细胞专用培养基;同时, 以1×105 well-1的细胞密度将C6细胞接种在Transwell 24孔板的下室中, 每孔加入1 mL C6专用培养基, 以保持两种细胞培养基液面的均衡。设定单细胞组(只含HUVECs) 和空白对照组, 每组设立3个复孔。接种完成后, 将培养板放置于细胞培养箱中静置培养, 定期换液并观察细胞融合状态。
模型评价  在细胞达到基本融合的状态后, 使用倒置显微镜观察HUVECs和C6细胞的生长状态及融合情况。之后进行4 h渗漏实验和跨内皮电阻抗(trans endothelial electrical resistance, TEER) 实验进一步评估模型的完整性。在Transwell小室的上室每孔中加入300 μL的HUVECs专用培养基, 下室每孔中加入1.5 mL C6细胞专用培养基, 使得上室和下室之间的液面差至少达到0.5 cm。在细胞培养箱中培养4 h, 观察4 h后的液面差。使用Millicell ERS-2电阻仪对体外BBB模型进行TEER检测。吸除Transwell小室内的培养基, 并加入适量体积的D-Hanks缓冲液以保持两室液面一致。将电极膜片分别垂直放入液面下方, 避免触碰小室底部及周边。在3个不同的位置测量电阻值, 根据公式(3) 计算实际电阻值:
$\begin{array}{l}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ {\rm{实际电阻值}} (\Omega \cdot {\rm{cm}}^{-2}) = ({\rm{实验孔测量值}} - {\rm{空白孔}}\\测量值) \times {\rm{PET膜面积}} ({\rm{cm}}^2)\end{array}$
其中, PET膜面积为0.33 cm2
葛根素、Pue-Exos对C6、HUVECs细胞存活率的影响  将处于对数生长期的C6细胞以8×103 well-1的密度接种于96孔板培养24 h。分别将不同质量浓度的葛根素、Pue-Exos (12.5、25、37.5和50 μg·mL-1) 加入孔中, 继续培养24 h。使用CCK-8试剂盒进行检测, 每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂, 置于细胞培养箱中孵育2 h。终止显色, 使用酶标仪于450 nm处测定各孔吸光度值(A)。HUVECs细胞数量为2×104 well-1, 其余方法相同。
Pue-Exos对BBB通透性考察  取25 μg·mL-1的Pue-Exos溶液和葛根素溶液各100 μL分别加入上室中, 将小室放置于细胞培养箱中进行培养。4 h后, 使用紫外分光光度计检测下室中葛根素含量。通过下室中穿透的葛根素含量与初始加入的葛根素含量的比率来评估透过能力。
统计学处理  实验结果以$\bar{x} \pm s$表示, 通过GraphPad.Prism 9.5软件进行数据处理和统计学分析, 对各组实验进行单因素方差分析, 对组间差异进行t检验, P < 0.05有统计学差异, P < 0.01统计学差异显著。
通过纳米粒度电位仪对3种纯化方法提取的Pla-Exos进行粒径分析。结果显示外泌体粒径集中在30~150 nm内, 粒径峰值出现在60~110 nm处(图 1)。Western blot法检测TSG101、CD63、CD81, 3种蛋白均显著表达。通过透射电镜进行形态分析, 图像显示不同方法提取纯化的外泌体均具有良好的双层膜囊泡结构, 且大多数样本的囊泡直径与纳米粒径结果范围一致(图 2)。
通过BCA试剂盒获得的蛋白标准曲线, 标准曲线方程为: Y = 0.840 2 X + 0.110 4, R2 = 0.999 0, 在SD大鼠血浆外泌体的纯化过程中, 对比各种方法的回收率, 超速离心法纯化的外泌体蛋白损失最多(P < 0.001), 磁珠捕获法蛋白损失相对较低(P < 0.01)。为了全面评估每一种纯化技术的实用性, 比较了它们在纯化时间和所需成本方面的差异。磁珠捕获法对比超高速离心法, 成本下降(P < 0.001), 时间减少(P < 0.01); 超滤法同样成本和时间都有所减少(P < 0.001) (图 3)。
使用紫外分光光度计在200~600 nm内进行全波长扫描, 葛根素标准品溶液在250 nm处有最大吸收峰。以质量浓度(C) 为横坐标, 吸光度值(A) 为纵坐标绘制标准曲线, 得到Y = 0.069 8 X - 0.021 8, R2 = 0.999 6的标准曲线, 葛根素标准品溶液在2~12 μg·mL-1质量浓度范围内, 线性关系良好。①精密度实验: 对照品溶液吸光度的日内RSD分别为1.12%、0.67%、1.29% (n = 5), 日间RSD分别为1.13%、2.49%、1.11% (n = 5), 表明仪器精密度良好; ②回收率实验: 样品的加样回收率分别为99.88% (RSD = 0.47%, n = 3)、99.82% (RSD = 0.29%, n = 3)、100.16% (RSD = 0.23%, n = 3), RSD值均 < 3%, 符合方法学要求, 表明该方法稳定性良好; ③重复性实验: 对照品溶液RSD = 0.24% (n = 5), 表明本方法重复性良好。
① 孵育时间对包封率的影响: 固定超声功率和质量比, 随着孵育时间增加EE%表现为先增加后减少, 在孵育时间为1 h时, EE%达到最大; ②超声功率对包封率的影响: 随着超声功率的增加, EE%先升高后降低。在超声功率为39 W时, EE%达到最大; ③质量比对包封率的影响: 固定超声功率和孵育时间, EE%同样先升高再降低, 在质量比为10∶1时, EE%达到最大(图 3)。
利用Design Expert 12软件进行3因素3水平的多元线性及二项式拟合, 确定最优处方参数。超声功率和孵育时间、质量比的用量取值情况详见表 1, 实验安排及结果见表 2。结果显示, 二次多项式回归模型是描述各因素与指标关系的最佳模型, 数学模型如下: Y = 28.93 + 1.38 X1 - 1.28 X2 - 1.08 X3 + 0.012 5 X1X2 + 0.075 0 X1X3 - 0.027 5 X2X3 - 4.99 X12 - 7.72 X22 - 3.67 X32 (R2 = 0.997 5), 方差分析如表 3所示。模型相关系数为R2 = 0.997 5, 说明模型良好, 能较好地反映响应值的变化, 可以继续使用此模型来分析和预测实验条件。通过Design-Expert 12软件生成3个因素对EE%的响应面图和等高线图(图 4)。结合外泌体制备的实际情况, 确定外泌体的最优处方: (A) 孵育时间= 1 h, (B) 超声功率= 39 W, (C) 质量比= 10∶1, 预测EE%为29.16%。经BBD确定的最优处方条件重复制备Pue-Exos, 3次重复试验的EE%分别30.24%、29.46%、29.19%, 平均为(29.63 ± 0.55)%。RSD小于3%。EE%结果与数学模型预测的数据接近。
经纳米粒度电位仪检测, 载药后的Pue-Exos粒径比Pla-Exos稍大, 粒径仍在30~150 nm之内。Western blot证实Pla-Exos与Pue-Exos均稳定表达TSG101、CD63及CD81蛋白。使用透射电镜对Pue-Exos的形态进行分析, 结果表明载药后的外泌体仍具有完整的双层膜结构(图 5)。
在4、-20和-80 ℃的环境下, 7天内分别使用纳米粒度电位仪粒径测量, Pla-Exos、Pue-Exos的粒径变化较小(图 6AB), 表明提取出来的外泌体和载药后的外泌体都呈现稳定状态。
通过计算不同时间葛根素的含量和累积释放率, 绘制葛根素、Pue-Exos的溶出曲线。葛根素显示出更快的释放速率, 在8 h时累积释放率高达55%, 且在48 h时累积释放率增高至80%。Pue-Exos中的葛根素被外泌体包裹, 使得葛根素释放更加缓慢和平稳, 从0至72 h时累积释放率缓慢增加至80% (图 6C)。
倒置显微镜下观察到Transwell上室中的HUVECs细胞呈梭形, 生长速度减慢, 细胞逐渐靠拢, 形成较为紧密的单层屏障结构。4 h渗漏实验中观察Transwell小室上下液面差, 结果表明, 与单独培养HUVECs细胞模型相比, 共培养HUVECs和C6细胞的模型仍可维持大于0.5 cm的液面差, 表明共培养HUVECs和C6细胞的模型可以更好地阻拦液体的渗漏(图 7)。TEER实验中共培养HUVECs和C6细胞的模型比单独培养HUVECs细胞的模型生成的TEER值更高。在实验的第6、7天时, 差异变得更加显著。统计分析显示共培养条件下的TEER值显著高于单独培养条件(P < 0.05), 并且共培养模型最终达到的TEER值高于200 Ω, 符合后续实验的应用标准(图 8A)。
给予不同质量浓度的葛根素、Pue-Exos (12.5、25、37.5和50 μg·mL-1), 培养24 h。C6细胞的CCK-8结果表明, 不同质量浓度的葛根素对细胞没有显著影响, 但是Pue-Exos在质量浓度37.5 μg·mL-1时, 存活率有所下降(P < 0.01), 质量浓度在50 μg·mL-1时, 存活率下降较多(P < 0.001), HUVECs细胞的CCK-8结果表明, 不同质量浓度对细胞也没有显著影响, 但是Pue-Exos在质量浓度37.5 μg·mL-1时, 存活率有所下降(P < 0.01), 质量浓度在50 μg·mL-1时, 存活率下降较多(P < 0.001) (图 8BC)。
体外BBB模型中, Pue-Exos在4 h后的透过率与原料药相比有所提升(P < 0.01) (图 9)。
葛根素可以通过不同途径发挥抗高血压、抗炎及神经保护作用, 但其低水溶性和低生物利用度导致药物开发受限[10, 11]。研究人员已探索了固体分散和脂质体等制剂来提高葛根素的水溶性和生物利用度, 但仍需要更深层次地考察剂型安全性和有效性[12, 13]。外泌体是一种普遍存在于细胞内的小囊泡, 在细胞间通信、疾病生物标志物研究和药物传递领域具有潜在的临床应用价值。
外泌体的分离是研究的基础, 本实验使用超速离心法对Pla-Exos进行初步分离, 通过对比超速离心法、磁珠捕获法和超滤法的纯化效果, 选取了磁珠捕获法作为纯化的最终方法。两种方法的结合, 不仅提升了外泌体的纯度, 并且在操作时间上也更为有效率。超速离心法和磁珠法的结合有效地避免了单一方法的缺点, 为外泌体的高效回收和质量控制提供了新途径。未来研究中可以进一步优化纯化过程中的参数设置, 例如磁珠表面修饰的种类和密度, 以期实现更高效地纯化并获取更高的产量。外泌体能够针对性地装载各类药物, 包括小分子化药、核酸和中药单体, 并具有良好的靶向特点[14-18]。本实验利用超声共孵育的方法制备了Pue-Exos, 超声波利用机械振动促进物质间隙增加, 从而提高药物分子进入外泌体的可能性。在超声载药完成后, 使用共孵育的方式恢复膜结构。使用单因素和响应面的方法制备了载药量高、可重复的Pue-Exos。由于药物进入了外泌体的内部, 增加了整体的粒径, TEM下的双层膜结构和标志蛋白的存在说明了超声共孵育的方法并没有破坏外泌体的本身特性。Pue-Exos的稳定性良好, 并能够减缓药物的释放。未来可以通过进一步研究Pue-Exos在生物体内的药效学和药动学, 促进该技术的进一步研发。
构建符合人体生理结构的体外BBB模型对于中枢神经系统疾病的研究和药物研发具有重要意义[19, 20]。课题组前期研究表明[21], HUVECs与C6细胞共培养模型可以有效地模拟体内的BBB并全面地反映BBB的复杂性。相较于原料药, Pue-Exos展现出了更高的透过效率。这一结果揭示了外泌体作为药物递送系统的潜力。然而, 外泌体在提高药物穿透BBB能力上的确切机制, 仍需更深入地研究。了解外泌体与BBB之间的特定受体, 对药物递送系统的设计和优化至关重要。未来研究中应继续考察外泌体在BBB中的透过特性, 以优化药物运送效率和特异性。
综上所述, 本研究展示了不同分离技术对外泌体纯度和回收率的影响, 通过超声共孵育法制备出结构完整、稳定且高效携带药物的外泌体。在体外BBB模型中, 外泌体携载的药物显示出良好的穿透能力。
作者贡献: 张奇负责实验设计、实施、论文撰写;李炜、赵振奥负责指导实验设计和实施;张鑫参与了药物制剂实验;郝路格参与了部分细胞实验;张胜霄、张健东参与了实验数据分析。
利益冲突: 本文所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82370508)
  • 河北省自然科学基金资助项目(H2020405298)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Liu X, Huang R, Wan JY. Puerarin: a potential natural neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, 162: 114581.
[2]
Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Puerarin: a review of pharmacological effects [J]. Phytother Res, 2014, 28: 961-975.
[3]
Krylova SV, Feng DR. The machinery of exosomes: biogenesis, release, and uptake [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24: 1337.
[4]
Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes [J]. Science, 2020, 367: eaau6977.
[5]
Abdelsalam M, Ahmed M, Osaid Z, et al. Insights into exosome transport through the blood-brain barrier and the potential therapeutical applications in brain diseases [J]. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 16: 571.
[6]
Jiang YB. Preparation of Plasma Exosomes as Drug Carriers and Their Protective Mechanism against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (血浆外泌体作为药物载体的制备及其对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护机制研究) [D]. Jinzhou: Jinzhou Medical University, 2022.
[7]
Huang LJ. Preparation of Plasma Exosomes as Drug Carrier and Study on Synergistic Effect of Plasma Exosomes Loaded Ginkgolide B on Improving Cognitive Function in Dementia Model (血浆外泌体作为药物载体的制备及探讨其负载银杏内酯B在痴呆模型中对改善认知功能协同作用的研究) [D]. Jinzhou: Jinzhou Medical University, 2021.
[8]
Ha D, Yang NN, Nadithe V. Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2016, 6: 287-296.
[9]
Lindstrom NM, Moore DM, Zimmerman K, et al. Hematologic assessment in pet rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils: blood sample collection and blood cell identification [J]. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract, 2015, 18: 21-32.
[10]
Shi WL, Yuan R, Chen X, et al. Puerarin reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by targeting eNOS [J]. Am J Chin Med, 2019, 47: 19-38.
[11]
Yuan Y, Zhou H, Wu QQ, et al. Puerarin attenuates the inflammatory response and apoptosis in LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes [J]. Exp Ther Med, 2016, 11: 415-420.
[12]
Wang BJ, Hang HF, Wang H, et al. Preparation of puerarin long circulating liposomes and its effect on osteoporosis in castrated rats [J]. J Pharm Sci, 2024, 113: 1823-1835.
[13]
Lv JY, Shi SQ, Zhang BX, et al. Role of puerarin in pathological cardiac remodeling: a review [J]. Pharmacol Res, 2022, 178: 106152.
[14]
Li Q, Wang X, Du LN. Application of exosomes in brain-targeted delivery [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2022, 57: 658-669.
[15]
Zhang YY, Chen LQ, Liu X, et al. Advances in research on exosomes as drug delivery vehicles [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2019, 54: 1010-1016.
[16]
González-Sarrías A, Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, et al. Milk-derived exosomes as nanocarriers to deliver curcumin and resveratrol in breast tissue and enhance their anticancer activity [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23: 2860.
[17]
Zhao JW, Li Y, Jia RR, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as dexamethasone delivery vehicles for autoimmune hepatitis therapy [J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2021, 9: 650376.
[18]
Huang ZX, Guo L, Huang LJ, et al. Baicalin-loaded macrophage-derived exosomes ameliorate ischemic brain injury via the antioxidative pathway [J]. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2021, 126: 112123.
[19]
Kim BK, Canonica J, Roudnicky F, et al. Preventing VEGF-mediated vascular permeability by experimentally potentiating BBB characteristics in endothelial cells [J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2022, 2475: 259-274.
[20]
Cohen J, D'Agostino L, Tuzer F, et al. HIV antiretroviral therapy drugs induce premature senescence and altered physiology in HUVECs [J]. Mech Ageing Dev, 2018, 175: 74-82.
[21]
An ZX, Zhang Q, Shi CY, et al. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of lactoferrin-modified liposomes of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide [J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm (中国现代应用药学), 2023, 40: 1317-1329.
2025年第60卷第5期
PDF下载
175
74
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-05-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
  • 修回日期:2024-07-14
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82370508)
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(H2020405298)
作者信息
    1.河北北方学院药学院, 河北 张家口 075000
    2.河北省神经药理学重点实验室, 河北 张家口 075000
    3.河北北方学院微循环研究所, 河北 张家口 075000

通讯作者:

*李炜, Tel: 13931315091, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0516
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏