Article(id=1190335349797786426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190335347767743264, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0987, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728576000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-11, revisedDate=1736956800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761727662753, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1744387200000, pubDateStr=2025-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761727662753, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761727662753, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761727662753, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190335347767743264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='4', pageStart='843', pageEnd='1182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761727662269, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761729313427, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190342273276678997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190335347767743264, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190342273276678998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1190335347767743264, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=989, endPage=1000, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190335350049444667, articleId=1190335349797786426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Study on the synergistic anti-fatigue effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng based on network pharmacology and experimental verification, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigates the anti-fatigue effects and mechanisms of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng combination using network pharmacology and in vivo validation. The effective components and their action targets of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng were explored through TCMSP, ETCM and other databases combined with literature. The fatigue targets were obtained through OMIM and Gene Cards databases. The intersection targets of drug targets and disease targets were screened out and imported into String database and Cytoscape 3.10.0 to construct PPI network. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the core targets were performed by David database. A mouse exercise-induced fatigue model was established to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects and mechanisms of the Lycium barbarum-Ginseng combination. The results showed that 55 active ingredients of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng were obtained, corresponding to 573 targets. The number of fatigue targets was 1 137, 115 total targets and 26 core targets were screened. KEGG enrichment pathways mainly included PI3K-AKT, HIF-1α, AGE-RAGE and other signaling pathways. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: 202308A018). The results showed that the low, middle and high dose groups of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng (1∶1) could prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice, and the middle dose group had a more significant effect than Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group. The middle and high dose groups of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in mice. Compared with Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group, the high dose group had a more significant effect. Lactic acid (LD) levels were significantly decreased in Ginseng group, Lycium barbarum group and combination group. Compared with the Ginseng group, the levels of liver glycogen (Lgly) and muscle glycogen (Mgly) were significantly increased in the middle dose group of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were significantly decreased in Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng high dose group. The content of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) in the high dose group of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng can be significantly decreased. The results of Western blot showed that the low dose group of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng could significantly up-regulate the expression of P-PI3K and AKT proteins in the muscle tissue of fatigue mice, and the middle dose group could significantly down-regulate the expression of P-AKT and HIF-1α proteins. Compared with Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group, the expression of PI3K protein in the high dose group was significantly increased. The expression of AKT protein in the low-dose group was significantly increased. In conclusion, Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng has more positive effects on improving exercise endurance, reducing the accumulation of metabolites and improving glycogen storage levels in mice than Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group, and its mechanism may be the regulation of AKT, PI3K, HIF-1α and other core targets and PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway to exert anti-fatigue effect.

, correspAuthors=Shu-lan SU, Jin-ao DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-ning SHI, Fang-fang GAO, Shu-lan SU, Sheng GUO, Yue ZHU, Ran DUAN, Yan-hua ZHU, Jin-ao DUAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190336187530318609, articleId=1190335349797786426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学和实验验证的枸杞子配伍人参协同抗疲劳作用与机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

运用网络药理学和体内实验验证的方法, 探究枸杞子与人参配伍抗疲劳作用及其作用机制。通过TCMSP、ETCM等数据库结合文献挖掘枸杞子、人参有效成分及作用靶点; 通过OMIM、Gene Cards数据库获得疲劳靶点; 筛选出药物靶点和疾病靶点的交集靶点, 导入String数据库及Cytoscape 3.10.0构建PPI网络; 通过David数据库对核心靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析; 建立小鼠运动型疲劳模型, 对枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳作用及机制进行评价与探讨。结果显示, 获得枸杞子、人参有效成分55个, 对应靶点573个, 疲劳靶点数为1 137个, 筛选出共有靶点115个, 核心靶点26个。KEGG富集通路主要包括PI3K-AKT、HIF-1α、AGE-RAGE等信号通路。所有动物实验获得南京中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: 202308A018), 结果显示枸杞子配伍人参1∶1低、中、高剂量组均可延长小鼠游泳力竭时间, 中剂量组与人参组、枸杞子组相比作用更显著; 枸杞子配伍人参中、高剂量组显著减低小鼠血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN), 与人参组、枸杞子组相比, 高剂量组作用更显著; 人参组、枸杞子组及配伍组均显著降低乳酸(lactic acid, LD) 水平; 与人参组相比, 枸杞子配伍人参中剂量组显著提高肝糖原(liver glycogen, Lgly) 和肌糖原(muscle glycogen, Mgly) 水平; 人参组、枸杞子配伍人参高剂量组显著降低血清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 含量; 枸杞子配伍人参高剂量组均能显著降低谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, AST) 含量。Western blot结果显示枸杞子配伍人参低剂量组可显著上调疲劳小鼠肌肉组织中P-PI3K、AKT蛋白的表达, 中剂量组显著下调P-AKT、HIF-1α蛋白表达, 与人参组和枸杞子组相比, 配伍高剂量组PI3K蛋白表达量均显著提高, 低剂量组AKT蛋白表达量显著上升。综上所述, 枸杞子配伍人参在提高小鼠运动耐力, 降低代谢产物堆积, 提高糖原储存水平优于人参组、枸杞子组, 其作用机制与调控AKT、PI3K、HIF-1α等核心靶点及PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路密切相关。

, correspAuthors=宿树兰, 段金廒, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宿树兰,Tel: 13809043258, E-mail:
段金廒,Tel: 86-25-85811291, E-mail:
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Anti-fatigue effect of Prunus mume vinegar in high-intensity exercised rats [J]. 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PPI network diagram of potential anti-fatigue targets of GQZ and RS. The more dependent on the inner ring protein, the higher the correlation

, figureFileSmall=FYlY9RyK5s+Hbn5bHEJUNA==, figureFileBig=Jr5bbsmXN5kjkWG2L037aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190350245872636012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190335349797786426, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tyP54Z+8WHchk6AXNh6q5Q==, figureFileBig=ZamKoR+QvFQqdctP1+FpEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190350245931356269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190335349797786426, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=

Active ingredient-common target network diagram of RS and GQZ. Yellow: Active ingredient of RS; Red: Active ingredient of GQZ; Orange: Common component; Green: Component-disease target

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GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the anti-fatigue effects of GQZ combined with RS. A: GO enrichment analysis; B: KEGG analysis. BP: Biological process; CC: Cell components; MF: Molecular function; Count: Number of enriched genes

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Effects of RS and GQZ treatment on swimming time (A), BUN (B), LD (C), Lgly (D), Mgly (E), MDA (F), SOD (G), ALT (H), AST (I). n =10, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, ####P < 0.000 1 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs model group; P < 0.05, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001, $$$$P < 0.000 1 vs RS group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, &&&& P < 0.000 1 vs GQZ group. BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; LD: Lactic acid; Lgly: Liver glycogen; Mgly: Muscle glycogen; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; ALT: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. RS: Ginseng group, 0.3 g·mL-1; GQZ: Lycium barbarum group, 0.3 g·mL-1; 1∶1L: Low dose of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng group, 0.16 g·mL-1; 1∶1M: Medium dose of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng group, 0.3 g·mL-1; 1∶1H: High dose of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng group, 0.6 g·mL-1; Y: Rhodiola Capsule, 0.068 g·mL-1

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HE staining results of gastrocnemius muscle of mice in each group (×20, scale bar =50 μm; n = 3). A: Con group; B: Mod group; C: Y group; D: RS group; E: GQZ group; F: 1∶1L group; G: 1∶1M group; H: 1∶1H group; Red haircut: Lymph nodules; Gray arrow: Muscle fiber rupture; Brown arrow: Lymphocyte and granulocyte infiltration

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Effect of each administration group on the protein expression of PI3K, AKT and HIF-1α in gastrocnemius muscle of fatigued mice. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05 vs control group; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs model group; P < 0.05 vs RS group; & P < 0.05 vs GQZ group

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Number Compound CAS Molecular formula Type Source
1 Ginsenoside Ra1 83459-41-0 C58H98O26 Saponin RS
2 Ginsenoside Ra2 83459-42-1 C58H98O26 Saponin RS
3 Ginsenoside Ra3 90985-77-6 C59H100O27 Saponin RS
4 Ginsenoside Rb1 41753-43-9 C54H92O23 Saponin RS
5 Ginsenoside Rb2 11021-13-9 C53H90O22 Saponin RS
6 Ginsenoside Rb3 68406-26-8 C53H90O22 Saponin RS
7 Ginsenoside Rc 11021-14-0 C53H90O22 Saponin RS
8 Ginsenoside Rd 52705-93-8 C48H82O18 Saponin RS
9 Ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18 Saponin RS
10 Ginsenoside Rf 52286-58-5 C42H72O14 Saponin RS
11 Ginsenoside Rg1 22427-39-0 C42H72O14 Saponin RS
12 Ginsenoside Rg2 14197-60-5 C42H72O13 Saponin RS
13 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 80952-71-2 C36H62O9 Saponin RS
14 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 8214-33-2 C36H62O8 Saponin RS
15 Ginsenoside Rh2 105558-26-7 C36H60O7 Saponin RS
16 Ginsenoside Rh3 174721-08-5 C36H60O8 Saponin RS
17 Ginsenoside Rh4 34367-04-9 C48H76O19 Saponin RS
18 Ginsenoside R0 87733-67-3 C55H92O23 Saponin RS
19 Ginsenoside Rs1 87733-66-2 C55H92O23 Saponin RS
20 Ginsenoside Rs2 74964-14-0 C42H70O12 Saponin RS
21 Ginsenoside Rg5 83459-41-0 C58H98O26 Saponin RS
22 Panoxadiol 19666-76-3 C30H52O3 Terpene RS
23 Ginsenoyne A 139163-34-1 C17H22O2 Hydrocarbon RS
24 Ginsenoyne B 139035-29-3 C17H23O2 Hydrocarbon RS
25 Ginsenoyne C 139163-35-2 C17H24O3 Hydrocarbon RS
26 Sucrose 57-50-1 C12H22O11 Saccharide RS, GQZ
27 Fructose 1624243 C6H12O6 Saccharide RS, GQZ
28 Glucose 2280-44-6 C6H12O6 Saccharide RS, GQZ
29 Maltose 69-79-4 C12H22O11 Saccharide RS, GQZ
30 Proline 147-85-3 C5H9NO2 Amino acid RS, GQZ
31 Citrulline 372-75-8 C6H13N3O3 Amino acid GQZ
32 Arginine 74-79-3 C6H14N4O2 Amino acid RS, GQZ
33 Alanine 56-41-7 C3H7NO2 Amino acid RS, GQZ
34 Hydroxyproline 51-35-4 C5H9NO3 Amino acid GQZ
35 Asparaginate 70-47-3 C4H7N2O3 Amino acid RS, GQZ
36 Glutamine (Gln) 56-85-9 C5H10N2O3 Amino acid RS, GQZ
37 Uridine 58-96-8 C9H12N2O6 Nucleoside GQZ
38 Uracil 66-22-8 C4H4N2O2 Nucleoside GQZ
39 Adenine 73-24-5 C5H5N5 Nucleoside GQZ
40 Hypoxanthine 68-94-0 C5H4N4O Nucleoside GQZ
41 CGMP 7665-99-8 C10H12N5O7P Nucleoside GQZ
42 Citric acid 77-92-9 C6H8O7 Organic acid RS
43 Succinic acid 110-15-6 C4H6O4 Organic acid RS
44 Malic acid 6915-15-7 C4H6O5 Organic acid RS
45 Lactic acid 50-21-5 C3H6O3 Organic acid RS
46 p-Coumaric acid 501-98-4 C9H8O3 Organic acid GQZ
47 Ferulic acid 537-98-4 C10H10O4 Organic acid GQZ
48 Salicylic acid 69-72-7 C7H6O3 Organic acid RS, GQZ
49 Cinnamic acid 140-10-3 C9H8O2 Organic acid GQZ
50 Atropine 51-55-8 C17H23NO3 Alkaloid GQZ
51 2, 2'-Methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butyphenol) 119-47-1 C23H32O2 Volatile oil GQZ
52 Cyanin 20905-74-2 C27H31O16 Pigment GQZ
53 Scopoletin 92-61-5 C10H8O4 Coumarin GQZ
54 Rutin 153-18-4 C27H30O16 Flavonoid GQZ
55 Kaempferol 520-18-3 C15H10O6 Flavonoid GQZ
), ArticleFig(id=1190350246992515191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1190335349797786426, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Active ingredients of Ginseng (RS) and Lycium barbarum (GQZ)

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Number Compound CAS Molecular formula Type Source
1 Ginsenoside Ra1 83459-41-0 C58H98O26 Saponin RS
2 Ginsenoside Ra2 83459-42-1 C58H98O26 Saponin RS
3 Ginsenoside Ra3 90985-77-6 C59H100O27 Saponin RS
4 Ginsenoside Rb1 41753-43-9 C54H92O23 Saponin RS
5 Ginsenoside Rb2 11021-13-9 C53H90O22 Saponin RS
6 Ginsenoside Rb3 68406-26-8 C53H90O22 Saponin RS
7 Ginsenoside Rc 11021-14-0 C53H90O22 Saponin RS
8 Ginsenoside Rd 52705-93-8 C48H82O18 Saponin RS
9 Ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18 Saponin RS
10 Ginsenoside Rf 52286-58-5 C42H72O14 Saponin RS
11 Ginsenoside Rg1 22427-39-0 C42H72O14 Saponin RS
12 Ginsenoside Rg2 14197-60-5 C42H72O13 Saponin RS
13 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 80952-71-2 C36H62O9 Saponin RS
14 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 8214-33-2 C36H62O8 Saponin RS
15 Ginsenoside Rh2 105558-26-7 C36H60O7 Saponin RS
16 Ginsenoside Rh3 174721-08-5 C36H60O8 Saponin RS
17 Ginsenoside Rh4 34367-04-9 C48H76O19 Saponin RS
18 Ginsenoside R0 87733-67-3 C55H92O23 Saponin RS
19 Ginsenoside Rs1 87733-66-2 C55H92O23 Saponin RS
20 Ginsenoside Rs2 74964-14-0 C42H70O12 Saponin RS
21 Ginsenoside Rg5 83459-41-0 C58H98O26 Saponin RS
22 Panoxadiol 19666-76-3 C30H52O3 Terpene RS
23 Ginsenoyne A 139163-34-1 C17H22O2 Hydrocarbon RS
24 Ginsenoyne B 139035-29-3 C17H23O2 Hydrocarbon RS
25 Ginsenoyne C 139163-35-2 C17H24O3 Hydrocarbon RS
26 Sucrose 57-50-1 C12H22O11 Saccharide RS, GQZ
27 Fructose 1624243 C6H12O6 Saccharide RS, GQZ
28 Glucose 2280-44-6 C6H12O6 Saccharide RS, GQZ
29 Maltose 69-79-4 C12H22O11 Saccharide RS, GQZ
30 Proline 147-85-3 C5H9NO2 Amino acid RS, GQZ
31 Citrulline 372-75-8 C6H13N3O3 Amino acid GQZ
32 Arginine 74-79-3 C6H14N4O2 Amino acid RS, GQZ
33 Alanine 56-41-7 C3H7NO2 Amino acid RS, GQZ
34 Hydroxyproline 51-35-4 C5H9NO3 Amino acid GQZ
35 Asparaginate 70-47-3 C4H7N2O3 Amino acid RS, GQZ
36 Glutamine (Gln) 56-85-9 C5H10N2O3 Amino acid RS, GQZ
37 Uridine 58-96-8 C9H12N2O6 Nucleoside GQZ
38 Uracil 66-22-8 C4H4N2O2 Nucleoside GQZ
39 Adenine 73-24-5 C5H5N5 Nucleoside GQZ
40 Hypoxanthine 68-94-0 C5H4N4O Nucleoside GQZ
41 CGMP 7665-99-8 C10H12N5O7P Nucleoside GQZ
42 Citric acid 77-92-9 C6H8O7 Organic acid RS
43 Succinic acid 110-15-6 C4H6O4 Organic acid RS
44 Malic acid 6915-15-7 C4H6O5 Organic acid RS
45 Lactic acid 50-21-5 C3H6O3 Organic acid RS
46 p-Coumaric acid 501-98-4 C9H8O3 Organic acid GQZ
47 Ferulic acid 537-98-4 C10H10O4 Organic acid GQZ
48 Salicylic acid 69-72-7 C7H6O3 Organic acid RS, GQZ
49 Cinnamic acid 140-10-3 C9H8O2 Organic acid GQZ
50 Atropine 51-55-8 C17H23NO3 Alkaloid GQZ
51 2, 2'-Methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butyphenol) 119-47-1 C23H32O2 Volatile oil GQZ
52 Cyanin 20905-74-2 C27H31O16 Pigment GQZ
53 Scopoletin 92-61-5 C10H8O4 Coumarin GQZ
54 Rutin 153-18-4 C27H30O16 Flavonoid GQZ
55 Kaempferol 520-18-3 C15H10O6 Flavonoid GQZ
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基于网络药理学和实验验证的枸杞子配伍人参协同抗疲劳作用与机制研究
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施亚宁 1 , 高芳芳 1 , 宿树兰 1, * , 郭盛 1 , 朱悦 1 , 段然 2 , 朱彦华 3 , 段金廒 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(4): 989-1000
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2025, 60(4): 989-1000
基于网络药理学和实验验证的枸杞子配伍人参协同抗疲劳作用与机制研究
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施亚宁1, 高芳芳1, 宿树兰1, * , 郭盛1, 朱悦1, 段然2, 朱彦华3, 段金廒1, *
作者信息
  • 1 南京中医药大学, 中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023
  • 2 宁夏枸杞创新中心, 宁夏 银川 750002
  • 3 早康枸杞股份有限公司, 宁夏 中卫 755199

通讯作者:

宿树兰,Tel: 13809043258, E-mail:
段金廒,Tel: 86-25-85811291, E-mail:
Study on the synergistic anti-fatigue effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Ya-ning SHI1, Fang-fang GAO1, Shu-lan SU1, * , Sheng GUO1, Yue ZHU1, Ran DUAN2, Yan-hua ZHU3, Jin-ao DUAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Resources Industrialization of Chinese Medica and Prescription-oriented Innovative Drugs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2Ningxia Innovation Center of Goji R & D, Yinchuan 750002, China
  • 3Zaokang Gojiberry Inc., Zhongwei 755199, China
出版时间: 2025-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0987
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运用网络药理学和体内实验验证的方法, 探究枸杞子与人参配伍抗疲劳作用及其作用机制。通过TCMSP、ETCM等数据库结合文献挖掘枸杞子、人参有效成分及作用靶点; 通过OMIM、Gene Cards数据库获得疲劳靶点; 筛选出药物靶点和疾病靶点的交集靶点, 导入String数据库及Cytoscape 3.10.0构建PPI网络; 通过David数据库对核心靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析; 建立小鼠运动型疲劳模型, 对枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳作用及机制进行评价与探讨。结果显示, 获得枸杞子、人参有效成分55个, 对应靶点573个, 疲劳靶点数为1 137个, 筛选出共有靶点115个, 核心靶点26个。KEGG富集通路主要包括PI3K-AKT、HIF-1α、AGE-RAGE等信号通路。所有动物实验获得南京中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: 202308A018), 结果显示枸杞子配伍人参1∶1低、中、高剂量组均可延长小鼠游泳力竭时间, 中剂量组与人参组、枸杞子组相比作用更显著; 枸杞子配伍人参中、高剂量组显著减低小鼠血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN), 与人参组、枸杞子组相比, 高剂量组作用更显著; 人参组、枸杞子组及配伍组均显著降低乳酸(lactic acid, LD) 水平; 与人参组相比, 枸杞子配伍人参中剂量组显著提高肝糖原(liver glycogen, Lgly) 和肌糖原(muscle glycogen, Mgly) 水平; 人参组、枸杞子配伍人参高剂量组显著降低血清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 含量; 枸杞子配伍人参高剂量组均能显著降低谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, AST) 含量。Western blot结果显示枸杞子配伍人参低剂量组可显著上调疲劳小鼠肌肉组织中P-PI3K、AKT蛋白的表达, 中剂量组显著下调P-AKT、HIF-1α蛋白表达, 与人参组和枸杞子组相比, 配伍高剂量组PI3K蛋白表达量均显著提高, 低剂量组AKT蛋白表达量显著上升。综上所述, 枸杞子配伍人参在提高小鼠运动耐力, 降低代谢产物堆积, 提高糖原储存水平优于人参组、枸杞子组, 其作用机制与调控AKT、PI3K、HIF-1α等核心靶点及PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路密切相关。

枸杞子  /  人参  /  抗疲劳  /  网络药理  /  配伍

This study investigates the anti-fatigue effects and mechanisms of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng combination using network pharmacology and in vivo validation. The effective components and their action targets of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng were explored through TCMSP, ETCM and other databases combined with literature. The fatigue targets were obtained through OMIM and Gene Cards databases. The intersection targets of drug targets and disease targets were screened out and imported into String database and Cytoscape 3.10.0 to construct PPI network. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the core targets were performed by David database. A mouse exercise-induced fatigue model was established to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects and mechanisms of the Lycium barbarum-Ginseng combination. The results showed that 55 active ingredients of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng were obtained, corresponding to 573 targets. The number of fatigue targets was 1 137, 115 total targets and 26 core targets were screened. KEGG enrichment pathways mainly included PI3K-AKT, HIF-1α, AGE-RAGE and other signaling pathways. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: 202308A018). The results showed that the low, middle and high dose groups of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng (1∶1) could prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice, and the middle dose group had a more significant effect than Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group. The middle and high dose groups of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in mice. Compared with Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group, the high dose group had a more significant effect. Lactic acid (LD) levels were significantly decreased in Ginseng group, Lycium barbarum group and combination group. Compared with the Ginseng group, the levels of liver glycogen (Lgly) and muscle glycogen (Mgly) were significantly increased in the middle dose group of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were significantly decreased in Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng high dose group. The content of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) in the high dose group of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng can be significantly decreased. The results of Western blot showed that the low dose group of Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng could significantly up-regulate the expression of P-PI3K and AKT proteins in the muscle tissue of fatigue mice, and the middle dose group could significantly down-regulate the expression of P-AKT and HIF-1α proteins. Compared with Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group, the expression of PI3K protein in the high dose group was significantly increased. The expression of AKT protein in the low-dose group was significantly increased. In conclusion, Lycium barbarum combined with Ginseng has more positive effects on improving exercise endurance, reducing the accumulation of metabolites and improving glycogen storage levels in mice than Ginseng group and Lycium barbarum group, and its mechanism may be the regulation of AKT, PI3K, HIF-1α and other core targets and PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway to exert anti-fatigue effect.

Lycium barbarum  /  Ginseng  /  anti-fatigue  /  network pharmacology  /  compatibility
施亚宁, 高芳芳, 宿树兰, 郭盛, 朱悦, 段然, 朱彦华, 段金廒. 基于网络药理学和实验验证的枸杞子配伍人参协同抗疲劳作用与机制研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (4) : 989 -1000 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0987
Ya-ning SHI, Fang-fang GAO, Shu-lan SU, Sheng GUO, Yue ZHU, Ran DUAN, Yan-hua ZHU, Jin-ao DUAN. Study on the synergistic anti-fatigue effect and mechanism of Lycium barbarum and Ginseng based on network pharmacology and experimental verification[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (4) : 989 -1000 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0987
疲劳是一种广泛存在于各类人群中的非特异性症状, 临床表现为无力、焦虑、虚弱等, 长期性疲劳如不及时缓解, 会导致衰老、抑郁、癌症等多种疾病发生[1]。中医认为疲劳脏腑兼病位以肝、脾、肾三脏为主, 病因以气虚为主。现代对疲劳产生的解释主要集中在能量代谢影响、自由基影响、氧化应激等方面, 糖类以糖原的方式储存在机体中, 剧烈运动消耗大量能量时, 肌糖原和肝糖原分解供能, 糖原量降低, 当糖和脂肪分解代谢的能量供应不足时, 蛋白质和氨基酸的代谢加强, 乳酸和尿素等代谢产物累积, 则疲劳发生; 机体在疲劳时会产生活性氧等自由基, 活性氧的增加会引起氧化应激反应, 加剧疲劳[2]。随着医学模式的改变以及对生活质量的逐步重视, 人们对亚健康的研究越来越关注。疲劳的发病机制尚不明确, 致病因素较多, 临床治疗方面也无特效药。传统中医药具有多组分、多靶点的特点, 已有研究表明中医药防治疲劳具有显著的效果和优势。
人参为五加科植物人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) 的干燥根及根茎, 性甘, 微苦, 微温, 具有大补元气、复脉固脱、补脾益肺、生津养血、安神益智的功效。《本草正》中记载“人参, 气虚血虚俱能补”, 研究表明人参能显著增加肝脏和肌肉的糖原储备, 并调动蛋白质代谢维持机体的运动能力[3], 临床用于心脑血管疾病、健脾胃、提高免疫力等[4]。Sun等[5]研究表明, 人参水提物能缓解能量代谢紊乱和平衡氧化应激, 从而发挥抗疲劳作用。枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.) 的干燥成熟果实, 性甘平, 具有滋补肝肾、益精明目的功效。《本草纲目》中记载“枸杞子坚筋骨, 耐老, 除风, 去虚劳, 补精气。”补充枸杞子对力竭运动机体骨骼肌氧化损伤具有保护作用, 提高机体抗氧化水平[6]
有研究通过数据挖掘和网络分析发现具有“缓解体力疲劳”、“有助于增强免疫力”保健功能的中药中, 枸杞子提取物常与人参提取物等配伍使用[7]。通过中医方剂大辞典数据库(https://973incom.njucm.edu.cn/services/tcmdict/dictquery.html) 检索相关“补益”、“补虚”药方, 发现枸杞子配伍人参治疗虚劳的药方共有69首, 其中1∶1比例配伍出现频率最高。从中医理论出发, 人参、枸杞子两者配伍, 不但生精液、补精血, 人参属阳, 枸杞子属阴, 既入气分又入阴分, 两者相须使用, 增强抗疲劳疗效。虽然枸杞子和人参提取物具有良好的生理效应, 但两者配伍抗疲劳具有协同作用鲜有报道, 缺乏科学验证, 且其配伍后有效成分及作用机制尚不明确, 疲劳发病机制复杂, 因此利用网络药理学技术, 将药理学和生物信息学结合, 系统地研究药物与疾病的作用关系, 探索枸杞子配伍人参防治疲劳的相关靶点、通路和作用机制。
药品与试剂  枸杞子药材购于宁夏明德中药饮片有限公司(产品批号: 2309361), 人参药材由吉林省润鸿参业有限公司提供(2017~2020年在吉林省抚松县进行批量栽培人参, 并于2023年9月统一采集)。经南京中医药大学段金廒教授鉴定枸杞子为宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.) 的干燥成熟果实; 人参为五加科植物人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) 的干燥根和根茎。大珠红景天胶囊(批准文号: 2005A1518) 购于康源药业。血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN) 试剂盒(货号: C013-1-1)、乳酸(lactic acid, LD) 试剂盒(货号: 0720)、肝糖原(liver glycogen, Lgly) 试剂盒(货号: 1654)、肌糖原(muscle glycogen, Mgly) 试剂盒(货号: 1654)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 试剂盒(货号: 0197)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 试剂盒(货号: A001-3-2)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ALT) 试剂盒(货号: 0166)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, AST) 试剂盒(货号: 0167) 均购于南京建成生物工程研究所; BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(货号: P0012、P0010S) 购于上海碧云天生物技术公司; 磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K) 兔单克隆抗体(货号: 4255S)、蛋白激酶B (AKT) 兔单克隆抗体(货号: 9272S)、磷酸化AKT (货号: 9271S)、磷酸化PI3K (货号: 4228S) 均购于美国Cell Signaling Technology公司; HIF-1α (货号: AF1009) 购于美国Affinity公司; β-肌动蛋白(β-actin) 鼠单克隆抗体(货号: 66009-1-Ig)、山羊抗兔IgG二抗(货号: SA00001-2)、山羊抗鼠IgG二抗(货号: SA00001-1) 均购于武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司; 雅酶10% PAGE凝胶快速制备试剂盒(货号: PG112) 购于上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司; 硝酸纤维素蛋白质印迹膜(货号: 10600001) 购于美国思拓凡公司; 抗体稀释液(BMU103-CN)、快速封闭液(货号: 36122ES76)、ECL超敏发光液(货号: BMU102-CN) 均购于武汉亚科因生物技术有限公司。
仪器  Enspire多功能酶标仪(美国Perkin Elmer公司); 大龙SK-R1807-E标准型翘板摇床[大龙兴创实验仪器(北京) 股份公司]; 天能凝胶成像仪(上海天能科技有限公司)。
供试样品制备方法  称取枸杞子适量加入10倍量纯水, 加热回流提取2次, 每次1 h, 合并两次滤液, 减压浓缩至0.3 g·mL-1, 得到枸杞子水提液组。称取人参适量加入10倍量纯水, 加热回流提取2次, 每次1 h, 合并两次滤液, 减压浓缩至0.3 g·mL-1, 得到人参水提液组。称取枸杞子、人参适量按照1∶1配伍, 加入10倍量纯水, 加热回流提取2次, 每次1 h, 合并滤液, 分别减压浓缩至0.16、0.3、0.6 g·mL-1, 得到枸杞子配伍人参1∶1低、中、高剂量组水提液。
实验动物  雄性ICR小鼠80只, SPF级, 体质量(20 ± 2 g), 购买于上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司[许可证: SCXK (沪) 2022-0004]。按照动物中心饲养标准饲养, SPF环境, 温度18~25 ℃, 光暗循环12 h, 每日自由摄食和饮水, 观察小鼠生长状况。本实验获得南京中医药大学动物实验伦理委员会的批准(批准号: 202308A018)。
运动型疲劳小鼠模型制备方法  将健康ICR小鼠随机分组后, 空白组不做任何处理, 各实验小组采用强迫游泳方式造疲劳模型, 每周上午随机进行游泳训练, 连续4周, 末次给药30 min后, 进行力竭游泳实验, 将每组小鼠放置在水深30 cm、宽40 cm的水缸中, 在尾巴1/3处绑上其体质量2%的铅皮(小鼠四肢、铅皮无法接触缸底), 以沉水7 s未能上浮至水面判定为小鼠力竭, 记录小鼠游泳力竭时间, 休息120 min后, 除空白组外, 其余组别进行不负重游泳90 min[8]
分组及给药  按照体重分组法将ICR小鼠分为8个组, 每组10只即空白组(Con)、模型组(Mod)、阳性对照组红景天胶囊(Y)、人参水提取液组(RS)、枸杞子水提取液组(GQZ)、枸杞子配伍人参1∶1低剂量组(1∶1L)、枸杞子配伍人参1∶1中剂量组(1∶1M)、枸杞子配伍人参1∶1高剂量组(1∶1H)。除空白组外, 模型组纯水灌胃, 各给药组均于每天上午9时灌胃给药, 连续4周。
血清生化指标及组织样本测定  小鼠在进行不负重游泳90 min后, 采用眼眶取血方式取血, 将血液4 ℃、3 500 r·min-1离心15 min, -80 ℃冰箱保存备用。按照试剂盒要求检测血清中BUN、LD、Gly等相关生化指标, 严格按照试剂盒说明书进行操作。摘取小鼠腓肠肌, 将左侧腓肠肌固定在4%多聚甲醛中用于组织学分析, 脱水、包埋、切片、组织病理学检查染色。切片显微镜图像在PANNORAMIC DESK/MID/250/1000扫描仪(3DHISTECH)下观察, 并用CaseViewer2.4软件浏览分析。
网络药理分析方法  以“枸杞子”和“人参”为关键词在TCMSP数据库(https://old.tcmspe.com/tcmsp.php)、ETCM数据库(http://www.tcmip.cn/ET-CM/index.php/Home/Index/) 以及相关文献报道进行检索, 获取枸杞子和人参相关活性成分。以口服生物利用度(oral bioavailablity, OB) ≥ 30%且类药性(drug likeness, DL) ≥ 0.18, Lipinski类药五原则为条件对收集到的活性成分进行筛选。通过PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 获取筛选后活性成分的SMILE号, 在Swiss Target Prediction (http://swisstargetprediction.ch/) 导入各个活性成分的SMILE号获取输入相关成分靶点。使用UniPort数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/) 对收集到的所有靶点的名称校准为UniProt官方基因名称, 整理并删除重复值。以疲劳英文名称“fatigue”在GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)、DrugBank数据库(https://go.drugbank.com/)、OMIM数据库(https://www.omim.org/) 进行检索, 得到疲劳相关疾病靶点。使用UniPort数据库, 选择物种为Human和reviewed将以上收集到的所有靶点名称校准为官方基因名称, 整理并删除重复值。将上述所获取的活性成分靶点和疾病靶点导入Venny2.1.0得到活性成分与疾病共有靶点。在STRING (https://cn.string-db.org/) 数据库导入活性成分和疾病的共有靶点, 设置物种“Homo sapiens”, 筛选出满足“combine score ≥ 0.4”的基因, 去除无连接靶点, 获得靶标蛋白相互作用关系, 应用Cytoscape 3.10.0软件根据度值(degree) 大小绘制共同靶点互作网络图, 并筛选出核心靶点。将上述得到的交集靶点、疾病靶点、活性成分导入Cytoscape 3.10.0进行可视化分析, 构建“枸杞子、人参成分-疾病-靶点”网络。应用DAVID数据库将筛选出的枸杞子、人参治疗疲劳的核心靶点进行GO和KEGG分析, GO分析根据FDR ≤ 0.05筛选前10条利用微生信(https://www.bioin-formatics.com.cn/) 进行可视化。KEGG富集分析根据FDR ≤ 0.05筛选前20条最显著的通路进行可视化分析。
蛋白免疫印迹法检测肌肉组织中PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路蛋白表达  小鼠取血后, 取各组小鼠腓肠肌置-80 ℃保存, 临用前取小鼠肌肉组织20 mg, 加入RIPA裂解液200 μL, 随即加入1%蛋白酶抑制剂和1%磷酸酶抑制剂, 加入2颗锆珠于匀浆机60 Hz匀浆30 s, 3次, 12 000 r·min-1离心10 min后取上清液, BCA法进行蛋白定量, 采用10% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离, 结束后转膜至NC膜上, 用快速封闭液封闭10 min, TBST洗膜5 min×3次, 加入一抗PI3K (1∶1 000)、AKT (1∶1 000)、P-AKT (1∶1 000)、P-PI3K (1∶1 000)、HIF-1α (1∶1 000)、β-actin (1∶10 000), 4 ℃孵育过夜, 次日室温再孵育2 h, TBST洗膜15 min×3次后, 加入二抗(1∶10 000), 室温孵育2 h, TBST洗膜15 min×3次后, 加入ECL显影液(1∶1配制), 采用凝胶成像分析系统进行条带曝光, 用图像分析软件Image J对图像进行峰面积分析。
统计学方法  采用GraphPad 8.0统计软件进行数据分析, 小鼠游泳时间、生化指标和蛋白免疫印迹实验数据均以均数±标准差表示, 多组间显著性检验采用单因素方差分析, 以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过TCMSP、SWISSTARGET、ETCM数据库筛选以及相关文献研究, 依据OB ≥ 30%、DL ≥ 0.18、Lipinski类药五原则为筛选条件得到55个活性成分, 结果见表 1
结果显示, 数据库筛选出1 137个疾病靶点, 569个成分靶点, 得到交集靶点数共115个, 即枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳的潜在靶点。Cytoscape可视化分析结果得到PPI蛋白互作图(图 1), 提示AKT、HIF-1α、STAT3等26个靶点可能为枸杞子、人参活性成分抗疲劳潜在作用的核心靶点。
Cyctoscape可视化分析得到活性成分-药物-疾病靶点网络图(图 2), 提示人参皂苷Rh4、人参皂苷Ra2、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Re、阿魏酸、多糖、氨基酸等可能为枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳的主要成分。
GO功能富集共获得255个GO条目, 提示枸杞子配伍人参治疗疾病的靶标主要以磷酸化作用、一氧化氮生物合成过程的正调节、平滑肌细胞增殖的正向调节为主的生物学过程(biological process, BP), 以细胞质、大分子复合物为主的细胞组分(cell component, CC) 和以相同蛋白结合、ATP结合为主的分子功能(molecular function, MF) (图 3A)。KEGG通路富集分析结果表明, 枸杞子配伍人参治疗疲劳的靶点主要涉及PI3K-AKT信号通路、HIF-1α信号通路、AGE-RAGE信号通路在糖尿病并发症的作用等信号通路(图 3B)。
游泳力竭实验反映小鼠耐力水平, 是评价枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳作用重要指标之一[9]。结果显示(图 4A), 各组小鼠在造模给药4周后, 与Con相比, Mod组游泳力竭时间明显增加, 这与造模期间对小鼠进行游泳训练有关, 药物干预4周后, Y组、RS组、1∶1L组、1∶1M组、1∶1H组显著提高小鼠游泳力竭时间(P < 0.05), 对比RS组、GQZ组, 1∶1M组提高小鼠负重游泳力竭时间更显著(P < 0.000 1)。提示枸杞子与人参配伍对于提高小鼠运动耐力水平具有明显的协同增效作用。
BUN和LD是氨基酸、蛋白质代谢产物以及糖原燃料不充分的代谢产物, 在剧烈运动时会导致其大量累积从而疲劳发生[10]。结果显示(图 4BC), 与Con组相比, Mod组BUN、LD含量均显著提高(P < 0.05)。与Mod组相比, RS组、GQZ组和1∶1L、1∶1M、1∶1H组显著减低了ICR小鼠的LD水平(P < 0.05), 其中1∶1L组对LD作用更显著; 各给药组BUN水平均降低, 其中GQZ组、1∶1M组、1∶1H组BUN显著降低, 对于RS组和GQZ组, 1∶1H组降低BUN更显著(P < 0.05)。
运动所需的能量主要依赖于糖, 糖原在肝脏和肌肉中分别以肝糖原和肌糖原存在。如图(4D、E) 结果所示, 与Con组相比, Mod组Lgly、Mgly含量显著降低(P < 0.05), 与Mod组相比, Y组、GQZ组、1∶1M组Lgly水平明显升高(P < 0.05), Y组、1∶1L、1∶1M、1∶1H组明显提高Mgly水平(P < 0.01), 其中1∶1M组比RS组、GQZ组更显著提高Mgly水平(P < 0.01), 提示枸杞子配伍人参通过增加体内糖原储存对提高小鼠运动所需能量具有显著促进作用。
MDA是细胞膜脂质过氧化物, 其在体内的水平一般作为判断疲劳状态的指标, SOD为体内主要的抗氧化酶, 间接反映机体的抗疲劳效果[11]。ALT和AST被氧化损伤时, 会进入血清, 通过检测血清中其水平可进行疲劳情况分析。结果如(图 4F~I), 与Con组相比, Mod组MDA、ALT、AST含量显著提升(P < 0.01)、SOD水平显著下降(P < 0.05); 与Mod组相比, Y组、RS组、1∶1L、1∶1H组显著降低MDA水平(P < 0.05), RS组、GQZ组和1∶1配伍组SOD水平显著升高(P < 0.05), 给药组ALT活力值下降, 其中1∶1H组作用最显著(P < 0.000 1)。
小鼠腓肠肌HE染色结果见图 5, Con组组织肌肉可见横切面的肌细胞, 可见数个边界清晰的肌纤维束, 肌束内的肌纤维排列紧密、规则, 未见明显的炎性细胞或脂肪浸润, 未见明显的萎缩、纤维化等异常。Mod组肌肉周围脂肪组织可见淋巴小结, 多见肌束内的肌纤维断裂, 表明机体在处于剧烈运动的疲劳状态时会引起肌纤维形态发生改变, 并伴随一些炎症反应。其中, RS组、GQZ组、1∶1L组、1∶1M对肌纤维断裂程度有所缓解、减少炎性细胞浸润。
通过Western blot方法检测PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路蛋白表达情况。结果如图 6所示, 与Con组相比, Mod组小鼠肌肉组织中AKT、P-PI3K蛋白表达降低, P-AKT、HIF-1α蛋白表达量显著升高; 与Mod组相比, 1∶1L组、1∶1H组AKT和1∶1H组PI3K蛋白表达量显著上升, 1∶1M组HIF-1α蛋白表达量显著下调, 与RS组和GQZ组相比, 配伍组PI3K蛋白表达量显著提高, 1∶1L组AKT蛋白表达量明显上升, 提示枸杞子配伍人参通过PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路发挥抗疲劳作用。
中医药在缓解疲劳方面起到了关键作用, 主要以补虚类中药为主, 枸杞子和人参同为补虚药, 在我国已有数百年药用历史。现代研究报道枸杞子、人参均具有抗炎、抗疲劳、改善氧化应激等作用[1, 12, 13]。传统中医认为枸杞子和人参皆属甘味药, 甘能补益, 和中; 人参一药两性, 微温、苦, 既属阳又属阴, 枸杞子性平, 属阴。现代研究结果表明, 温热药性的人参皂苷类成分对机体能量、物质代谢呈促进作用, 而寒凉药性则呈抑制作用。张秉成在《本草备要》中提及人参能从阴中补阳, 使脾肺元气皆旺, 枸杞子助阳补阳, 通过养阴促使温阳作用加强, 从而达到养阴助阳, 补精益气。《灵枢⋅本神》中记载“肝藏血, 血舍魂”, 肝能调节全身能量供人体活动所需。脾为后天之本, 运化水谷精微。肾为先天之本, 髓有所生, 骨有所养。肝、脾、肾是五脏论治疲劳的关键, 枸杞子入肝经, 调节肝脏, 增加糖原存储, 人参主入脾、肾经, 促进能量代谢, 两者配伍相辅相成[14, 15]
本文通过网络药理学对人参、枸杞子抗疲劳活性成分进行分析, 通过“枸杞子人参活性成分-共有靶点”网络图发现人参皂苷Rh4、人参皂苷Ra2、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Re、阿魏酸、多糖、氨基酸等可能为枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳的主要成分。Zhuang等[16]的研究结果表明, 人参Rb1显著增加了疲劳老年大鼠的行程和饲养频率, 减少了休息时间, 并显著降低其骨骼肌活性氧和丙二醇释放, 提高骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶活性, 其机制可能涉及激活PI3K/AKT通路, Nrf2核易位诱导抗氧化酶。人参多糖能显著延长疲劳耐受时间, 减轻血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶、BUN积累, 减轻MDA和氧化损伤[17]。此外, 有研究表明枸杞子中多糖、氨基酸、类黄酮等具有抗氧化、调节免疫、抗疲劳的作用[11, 18]。枸杞多糖可改善大鼠血清中乳酸和肌酸激酶等生化标志物, 增强大鼠肌肉的抗氧化能力, 这与Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的激活有关[19]。而多糖主链中单糖的组成直接决定了多糖的活性, 具有抗疲劳作用的多糖中单糖成分分析显示, 葡萄糖的占比含量较高, 含吡喃糖形式的多糖组分可增加抗氧化酶活性并增强能量代谢[20]。Coqueiro等[21]研究表明, 谷氨酰胺通过激活糖原合成酶直接刺激糖原合成, 增加肝脏和肌糖原储存, 并能防止氨积累, 从而有效缓解疲劳。
对筛选后的靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析, 结果显示枸杞子配伍人参治疗疲劳涉及PI3K/AKT信号通路、HIF-1α信号通路、AGE-RAGE信号通路在糖尿病并发症的作用等信号通路, 其中PI3K/AKT通路富集基因数最多。PI3K常见于体细胞, 对能量代谢、抗氧化应激、细胞增殖和分化具有重要作用, AKT是PI3K的重要下游分子, 此信号通路在细胞存活、代谢、生长、分化和细胞骨架重组中发挥重要作用[22]。疲劳的发生往往伴随炎症产生、机体能量代谢及免疫影响等, PI3K/AKT信号通路是调节细胞生长增殖、运动、代谢和生存的核心信号通路之一[23, 24]。已有研究表明, 人参提取物激活PI3K/AKT信号通路, 上调下游磷酸化mTOR, 促进蛋白质和脂肪结合, 为小鼠肌肉细胞提供能量, 防治体内肌肉萎缩[25]。提示PI3K/AKT信号通路在枸杞子配伍人参缓解疲劳的重要性。
为了进一步验证枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳的机制, 采用游泳力竭方法建立小鼠运动性疲劳模型。通过力竭游泳实验发现枸杞子配伍人参组与RS组、GQZ组相比更显著延长小鼠游泳力竭时间, 运动耐力的提高是评价药物抗疲劳重要指标之一, 提示枸杞子配伍人参具有显著的抗疲劳作用。当小鼠剧烈运动时, 机体无法摄取足够的氧气, 导致无氧酵解发生, LD生成并堆积在肌肉中, 并释放到血清, 因此血清LD是判断疲劳程度及有氧代谢能力的重要指标, 而当机体不能通过糖类及脂肪分解获得能量时, 会通过分解蛋白质来维持机体所需能量, 蛋白质和氨基酸在分解过程中转化为BUN[26]。本研究结果显示, RS组、GQZ组以及配伍组均显著减低了ICR小鼠的LD水平, 但其中1∶1L组对LD作用更显著, GQZ组、1∶1M、1∶1H组小鼠BUN水平显著降低。此外, 研究还发现枸杞子配伍人参抗疲劳作用可能通过提高体内糖原储存实现。当过量自由基产生, 会发生过氧化反应, MDA是自由基引起的脂质过氧化降解产物之一, 是评价机体氧化应激的重要生物标志物[27]。本研究发现, 枸杞子配伍人参能显著降低MDA含量, 增加SOD活力, 提高小鼠抗氧化能力, 保护机体防治氧化应激引起的损伤, 恢复正常机体氧化还原平衡。通过观察小鼠腓肠肌的HE染色结果发现, 配伍组与空白组最为接近, 对肌纤维断裂有所缓解, 减少淋巴细胞及粒细胞浸润。Western blot结果显示, 枸杞子配伍人参可以提高PI3K、AKT蛋白表达量, 降低HIF-1α蛋白表达量, 提示PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路可能是枸杞子配伍人参治疗疲劳的关键通路, PI3K/AKT通路激活后, 调节其下游缺氧诱导因子参与其中。
综上所述, 枸杞子配伍人参核心活性成分人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Re、阿托品、阿魏酸、多糖、氨基酸等可能通过调节氧化应激及能量代谢等作用调控PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α信号通路等多个途径发挥作用, 具有多成分、多靶点、多途径缓解疲劳的特点。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274086)
  • 国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A20408)
  • 江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队项目(2021)
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2025年第60卷第4期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-0987
  • 接收时间:2024-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-04-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11
  • 修回日期:2025-01-16
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274086)
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A20408)
江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队项目(2021)
作者信息
    1 南京中医药大学, 中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023
    2 宁夏枸杞创新中心, 宁夏 银川 750002
    3 早康枸杞股份有限公司, 宁夏 中卫 755199

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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