Article(id=1320166832300994590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1320166565862027513, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0490, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1777305600000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-28, revisedDate=1782230400000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681900334, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1789142400000, pubDateStr=2026-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681900334, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681900334, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681900334, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166565862027513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3490', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789142400000', pubDateStr='2026-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681836810, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681836810, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3453, endPage=3458, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166832472961055, articleId=1320166832300994590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Isolation and identification of new compounds from Armeniacae Semen Amarum, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Thirteen compounds were isolated from Armeniacae Semen Amarum using macroporous resin column chromatography combined with semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified as trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl)-p-coumaric acid (1), trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ferulic acid (2), hazelnutin F (3), amygdalinamide (4), prunasinamide (5), benzyl-β-gentiobioside (6), (S)-mandelamide (7), amygdalinic acid (8), L-phenylalanine (9), L-tryptophan (10), amygdalin (11), L-amygdalin (12), and prunasin (13) by spectroscopic methods including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as well as comparison with literature data. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were identified as new compounds.

, authors=Ning LI1, 2, 3, Bao-lin LI1, 2, 3, Yong-ben MA1, 2, 3, Li-ying NIU1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Ning LI, Bao-lin LI, Yong-ben MA, Li-ying NIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-ying NIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166833387319334, articleId=1320166832300994590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=苦杏仁中新化合物的分离与鉴定, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱分离技术和半制备液相分离技术从苦杏仁中分离出13个化合物。结合高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱等波谱技术以及文献报道鉴定化合物结构分别为trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl)-p-coumaric acid (1)、trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ferulic acid (2)、hazelnutin F (3)、amygdalinamide (4)、prunasinamide (5)、苄基-β-龙胆二糖苷(6)、(S)-扁桃酰胺(7)、amygdalinic acid (8)、L-苯丙氨酸(9)、L-色氨酸(10)、苦杏仁苷(11)、L-苦杏仁苷(12)、野黑樱苷(13)。其中化合物1、2为新化合物。

, authors=李宁1, 2, 3, 李葆林1, 2, 3, 马永犇1, 2, 3, 牛丽颖1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=李宁, 李葆林, 马永犇, 牛丽颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=牛丽颖, authorNote=

作者贡献:

李宁为本文第一作者, 负责化合物的提取分离、结构鉴定和文章撰写; 李葆林为本文第二作者, 负责协助提取分离实验实施; 马永犇为本文第三作者, 负责协助化合物鉴定和文章修改; 牛丽颖为本文的通讯作者, 负责设计和指导实验, 提供必要的科研资源支持、指导论文的修改完善和论文的审阅。

, correspAuthorsNote=
牛丽颖,Tel: 86-311-89926890,E-mail:
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No.1No.2
δCδHδCδH
1128.1128.1
2, 6130.7.62 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H)2111.7.34 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H)
3, 5116.87.11 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H)3149.
4159.14148.4
7143.97.53 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)5115.57.22 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H)
8117.16.38 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)6122.77.18 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H)
9168.7144.27.54 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)
1′100.24.88 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H)8117.26.48 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)
2′73.73.29-3.23 (m, 1H, overlap)9168.
3′76.63.29-3.23 (m, 1H, overlap)1′99.74.93 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H)
4′70.23.05-2.93 (m, 1H, overlap)2′73.23.34-3.25 (m, 1H, overlap)
5′76.13.73-3.59 (m, 1H, overlap)3′76.73.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
6′68.64.00 (bd, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H)4′70.13.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
3.73-3.59 (m, 1H, overlap)5′76.13.60-3.56 (m, 1H, overlap)
1″103.44.21 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H)6′68.44.00 (bd, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H)
2″73.33.05-2.93 (m, 1H, overlap)3.60-3.56 (m, 1H)
3″69.93.20-3.08 (m, 1H, overlap)1″103.34.22 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H, overlap)
4″77.3.05-2.93 (m, 1H, overlap)2″73.73.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
5″76.83.20-3.08 (m, 1H, overlap)3″69.73.12-3.09 (m, 1H, overlap)
6″61.23.73-3.59 (m, 1H, overlap)4″76.93.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
3.44-3.37 (m, 1H, overlap)5″76.83.34-3.25 (m, 1H, overlap)
6″61.13.65 (bd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H)
3.47-3.38 (m, 1H, overlap)
2-OMe55.83.83 (s, 3H)
6″-OH4.50 (s, 1H)
), ArticleFig(id=1320166838458232925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166832300994590, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data of 1 and 2 in DMSO-d6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.1No.2
δCδHδCδH
1128.1128.1
2, 6130.7.62 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H)2111.7.34 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H)
3, 5116.87.11 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H)3149.
4159.14148.4
7143.97.53 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)5115.57.22 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H)
8117.16.38 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)6122.77.18 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H)
9168.7144.27.54 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)
1′100.24.88 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H)8117.26.48 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H)
2′73.73.29-3.23 (m, 1H, overlap)9168.
3′76.63.29-3.23 (m, 1H, overlap)1′99.74.93 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H)
4′70.23.05-2.93 (m, 1H, overlap)2′73.23.34-3.25 (m, 1H, overlap)
5′76.13.73-3.59 (m, 1H, overlap)3′76.73.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
6′68.64.00 (bd, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H)4′70.13.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
3.73-3.59 (m, 1H, overlap)5′76.13.60-3.56 (m, 1H, overlap)
1″103.44.21 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H)6′68.44.00 (bd, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H)
2″73.33.05-2.93 (m, 1H, overlap)3.60-3.56 (m, 1H)
3″69.93.20-3.08 (m, 1H, overlap)1″103.34.22 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H, overlap)
4″77.3.05-2.93 (m, 1H, overlap)2″73.73.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
5″76.83.20-3.08 (m, 1H, overlap)3″69.73.12-3.09 (m, 1H, overlap)
6″61.23.73-3.59 (m, 1H, overlap)4″76.93.14-2.95 (m, 1H, overlap)
3.44-3.37 (m, 1H, overlap)5″76.83.34-3.25 (m, 1H, overlap)
6″61.13.65 (bd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H)
3.47-3.38 (m, 1H, overlap)
2-OMe55.83.83 (s, 3H)
6″-OH4.50 (s, 1H)
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苦杏仁中新化合物的分离与鉴定
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李宁 1, 2, 3 , 李葆林 1, 2, 3 , 马永犇 1, 2, 3 , 牛丽颖 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(9): 3453-3458
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (9) : 3453 -3458
苦杏仁中新化合物的分离与鉴定
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李宁1, 2, 3, 李葆林1, 2, 3, 马永犇1, 2, 3, 牛丽颖1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1河北中医药大学, 河北 石家庄 050091
  • 2河北省中药配方颗粒技术创新中心, 河北 石家庄 050091
  • 3中药材品质评价与标准化河北省工程研究中心, 河北 石家庄 050091
通讯作者:
牛丽颖,Tel: 86-311-89926890,E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

李宁为本文第一作者, 负责化合物的提取分离、结构鉴定和文章撰写; 李葆林为本文第二作者, 负责协助提取分离实验实施; 马永犇为本文第三作者, 负责协助化合物鉴定和文章修改; 牛丽颖为本文的通讯作者, 负责设计和指导实验, 提供必要的科研资源支持、指导论文的修改完善和论文的审阅。

Isolation and identification of new compounds from Armeniacae Semen Amarum
Ning LI1, 2, 3, Bao-lin LI1, 2, 3, Yong-ben MA1, 2, 3, Li-ying NIU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
  • 2Hebei Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
  • 3Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Quality Evaluation and Standardization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
出版时间: 2026-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0490
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利用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱分离技术和半制备液相分离技术从苦杏仁中分离出13个化合物。结合高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱等波谱技术以及文献报道鉴定化合物结构分别为trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl)-p-coumaric acid (1)、trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ferulic acid (2)、hazelnutin F (3)、amygdalinamide (4)、prunasinamide (5)、苄基-β-龙胆二糖苷(6)、(S)-扁桃酰胺(7)、amygdalinic acid (8)、L-苯丙氨酸(9)、L-色氨酸(10)、苦杏仁苷(11)、L-苦杏仁苷(12)、野黑樱苷(13)。其中化合物1、2为新化合物。

苦杏仁  /  化学成分  /  蔷薇科  /  杏  /  苦杏仁苷

Thirteen compounds were isolated from Armeniacae Semen Amarum using macroporous resin column chromatography combined with semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified as trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl)-p-coumaric acid (1), trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ferulic acid (2), hazelnutin F (3), amygdalinamide (4), prunasinamide (5), benzyl-β-gentiobioside (6), (S)-mandelamide (7), amygdalinic acid (8), L-phenylalanine (9), L-tryptophan (10), amygdalin (11), L-amygdalin (12), and prunasin (13) by spectroscopic methods including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as well as comparison with literature data. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were identified as new compounds.

Armeniacae Semen Amarum  /  chemical component  /  Rosaceae  /  Prunus armeniaca L.  /  amygdalin
李宁, 李葆林, 马永犇, 牛丽颖. 苦杏仁中新化合物的分离与鉴定. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (9) : 3453 -3458 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0490
Ning LI, Bao-lin LI, Yong-ben MA, Li-ying NIU. Isolation and identification of new compounds from Armeniacae Semen Amarum[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (9) : 3453 -3458 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0490
苦杏仁为蔷薇科植物山杏Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.、西伯利亚杏Prunus sibirica L.、东北杏Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne或杏Prunus armeniaca L.的干燥成熟种子[1], 为药食同源的常用大宗药材, 始载于《神农本草经》[2]。具有止咳平喘、润肠通便等功效。研究表明, 苦杏仁中含有丰富的化学成分, 主要包括苷类、酚酸类、黄酮类、挥发油类等[3, 4]。这些成分是其发挥止咳平喘、润肠通便、抗炎镇痛等药理活性的物质基础[5, 6], 例如其所含的苦杏仁苷是镇咳平喘的关键成分之一[7, 8]。然而, 目前对苦杏仁化学成分的系统研究尚不够深入, 尤其是一些具有潜在活性的微量或新成分的发掘仍有待加强。为促进其资源的深度开发与利用, 本研究利用多种色谱技术对苦杏仁化学成分进行了分离提纯与鉴定, 共得到13个化合物, 其中化合物1、2为新化合物, 结构见图 1, 以期为揭示苦杏仁的药效物质基础、质量控制及后续活性研究提供科学依据。
化合物1为白色固体。根据HR-ESI-MS m/z 487.187 9 [M-H]-, 推测其分子式为C21H28O13, 不饱和度为8。1H NMR数据(表 1) 结合HSQC显示存在一组AA′BB′耦合系统氢信号δH 7.62 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H, H-2, 6) 和7.11 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H, H-3, 5), 一组反式双键氢信号δH 7.53 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H, H-7) 和6.38 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H, H-8), 两个糖的端基氢信号δH 4.88 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H-1′) 和4.21 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H, H-1″), 糖上剩余氢信号为δH 4.00 (bd, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H, H-6′a)、3.73~3.59 (m, 3H, H-5′, 6′b, 6″a, overlap)、3.44~3.37 (m, 1H, H-6″b)、3.29~3.23 (m, 2H, H-2′, 3′, overlap)、3.20~3.08 (m, 2H, H-3″, 5″, overlap)、3.05~2.93 (m, 3H, H-4′, 2″, 4″, overlap)。13C NMR数据(表 1) 结合HSQC数据显示出21个碳信号, 一个羰基碳信号δC 168.0 (C-9), 一个连氧芳香碳信号δC 159.1 (C-4), 5个芳香碳信号δC 130.0 (C-2, 6)、128.0 (C-1)、116.8 (C-3, 5), 两个反式双键碳信号δC 143.9 (C-7)、117.1 (C-8), 两个糖的端基碳信号δC 103.4 (C-1″)、100.2 (C-1′), 糖上其他碳信号δC 77.0 (C-4″)、76.8 (C-5″)、76.6 (C-3′)、76.1 (C-5′)、73.7 (C-2′)、73.3 (C-2″)、70.2 (C-4′)、69.9 (C-3″)、68.6 (C-6′)、61.2 (C-6″)。这些数据提示该化合物可能存在一个1, 4-二取代苯环、一组反式双键和两个葡萄糖。HMBC谱图(图 2) 显示出H-2/H-6与C-4、C-7存在相关信号, H-3/H-5与C-1、C-4存在相关信号, 结合H-7与C-2、C-6、C-9相关, 提示C-4位为羟基, C-1位上连有反式双键且该反式双键上连有羧基; H-1′与C-4存在相关, 结合H-1′的耦合常数为7.2 Hz, 确定苯环C-4位羟基氢被β构型的葡萄糖取代; 此外, H-1″与C-6′存在相关信号, 结合H-1″的耦合常数为7.7 Hz, 确定两个β构型的葡萄糖通过C-6′位相连。上述结论通过1H-1H COSY谱图(图 2) 中H-7/H-8相关、H-1′/H-2′/H-3′/H-4′/H-5′/-H-6′相关、H-1″/H-2″/H-3″/H-4″/H-5″/H-6″相关进一步得到确认。因此, 该化合物被确认为trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl)-p-coumaric acid。
化合物2, 根据HR-ESI-MS m/z 517.198 5 [M-H]-, 推测其分子式为C22H30O14, 不饱和度为8。1H NMR数据(表 1) 结合HSQC显示存在一个活泼氢信号δH 4.50 (s, 1H, 6″-OH), 一组ABX耦合系统氢信号δH 7.34 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H, H-2)、7.22 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H, H-5) 和7.18 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H, H-6), 一组反式双键氢信号δH 7.54 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H, H-7) 和6.48 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H, H-8), 两个糖的端基氢信号δH 4.93 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H, H-1′) 和4.22 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H, H-1″), 一个甲氧基氢信号δH 3.83 (s, 3H, -OMe), 糖上剩余氢信号为δH 4.00 (bd, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H, H-6′a)、3.65 (bd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H, H-6″a)、3.60~3.56 (m, 2H, H-5′, 6′b, overlap)、3.47~3.38 (m, 1H, H-6″b, overlap)、3.34~3.25 (m, 2H, H-2′, 5″, overlap)、3.12~3.09 (m, 1H, H-3″, overlap) 和3.14~2.95 (m, 4H, H-3′, 4′, 2″, 4″, overlap)。13C NMR数据结合HSQC数据显示出22个碳信号, 一个羰基碳信号δC 168.0 (C-9), 两个连氧芳香碳信号δC 149.0 (C-3)、148.4 (C-4), 四个芳香碳信号δC 128.1 (C-1)、122.7 (C-6)、115.5 (C-5)、111.0 (C-2), 两个反式双键碳信号δC 144.2 (C-7)、117.2 (C-8), 两个糖的端基碳信号δC 103.3 (C-1″)、99.7 (C-1′), 一个甲氧基碳信号δC 55.8 (-OMe), 糖上其他碳信号δC 76.9 (C-4″)、76.8 (C-5″)、76.7 (C-3′)、76.1 (C-5′)、73.7 (C-2″)、73.2 (C-2′)、70.1 (C-4′)、69.7 (C-3″)、68.4 (C-6′)、61.1 (C-6″)。这些数据提示该化合物可能存在一个ABX耦合的苯环、一组反式双键和两个葡萄糖。HMBC谱图(图 3) 显示出甲氧基δH 3.83 (s, 3H, -OMe) 与C-2存在相关信号, 结合H-2与C-1、C-4、C-6、C-7相关, H-5与C-3、C-1相关, 提示C-3位为甲氧基, C-1位上连有反式双键; H-7与C-1、C-2、C-6、C-8、C-9存在相关, 提示C-8位上连有羧基; H-1′与C-4存在相关, 结合H-1′的耦合常数为7.7 Hz, 确定苯环C-4位上连有β构型的葡萄糖; 此外, H-1″与C-6′存在相关信号, 结合H-1″的耦合常数为7.7 Hz, 确定两个β构型的葡萄糖通过C-6′位相连。上述结论通过1H-1H COSY谱图(图 3) 中H-5/H-6相关、H-7/H-8相关、H-1′/H-2′/H-3′/H-4′/H-5′/-H-6′相关、H-1″/H-2″/H-3″/H-4″/H-5″/H-6″相关进一步得到确认。因此, 该化合物被确认为trans-4-O-(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ferulic acid。
BC-R501CA 5L旋蒸机组(上海贝凯生物化工设备有限公司); DLF-30/30低温冷却循环泵(郑州长盛实验仪器有限公司); BK-1000B超声波清洗机(济南巴克超声波科技有限公司); DZF-6050AB电热恒温真空干燥箱(北京中兴伟业仪器有限公司); HC-2062高速离心机(安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司); 2545-2707-2489-WFCIII半制备型液相(美国沃特世科技公司); 1290 UHPLC-Agilent 6546 Q-TOF高分辨质谱仪(美国安捷伦科技公司); Bruker 400M核磁共振仪(德国布鲁克公司)。AB-8大孔吸附树脂(上海摩速科学器材有限公司), 石油醚(20250528)、甲酸(20230306) 均购自天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司, 甲醇(20250909, 天津市富宇精细化工有限公司), 磷酸(218128)、甲醇(F25P12201)、乙腈(F25P4T201) 均购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国) 有限公司。所用苦杏仁药材基原为杏Prunus armeniaca L.的干燥成熟种子, 购自安国药材市场, 经石家庄市中医院主任医师郑倩鉴定, 所收集药材合格, 批号为: KXR240906, 保存于河北中医药大学南教学楼5楼药材存储室。
取苦杏仁药材15 kg, 粉碎后经石油醚超声脱脂2次, 合并石油醚萃取液。药渣挥干脱脂溶剂后, 按料液比1∶20加入95%乙醇加热回流提取2次, 每次1.5 h, 合并提取液, 减压浓缩至无醇味, 过滤得母液。母液经等体积石油醚萃取3次, 弃去石油醚相, 水相浓缩除去有机溶剂, 制得苦杏仁总提取浓缩液。
浓缩液采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂柱分离, 依次以纯水、20%甲醇、50%甲醇、70%甲醇、100%甲醇梯度洗脱, 结合UPLC检测分段, 合并20%与50%甲醇洗脱部位, 55 ℃减压浓缩成浸膏。浸膏经20%甲醇超声溶解、薄层层析硅胶除杂过滤后, 作为中压制备原料。采用反相中压制备色谱, 以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱(0~20 min, 20%~100%甲醇; 20~25 min, 100%甲醇恒定), 检测波长210 nm, 流速80 mL·min-1, 分离得到Fr.A1~Fr.A6共6个馏分。
合并Fr.A1、Fr.A2馏分, 55 ℃减压浓缩为浸膏, 10%甲醇超声溶解, 0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤后, 用半制备液相, Agela Venusil PrepG C18 (250 mm × 21.2 mm, 10 μm) 柱进行粗分; 流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水梯度洗脱(0~8 min, 10%~25%乙腈; 8~8.1 min, 25%~90%乙腈; 8.1~10.5 min, 90%乙腈; 10.5~10.6 min, 90%~10% 乙腈; 10.6~13 min, 10%乙腈), 检测波长210 nm, 流速40 mL·min-1, 得到Fr.B1~Fr.B6共6个馏分。取Fr.B1~Fr.B4浓缩浸膏, 经10%甲醇溶解、滤膜过滤, 采用中谱红RD-C18 (250 mm × 21.2 mm, 7 μm) 柱进行半制备液相精制, 检测波长295 nm, 流速20 mL·min-1, 流动相甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(18∶82), 依据UPLC检测收集化合物1 (23 mg); 另取Fr.B1~Fr.B5浓缩浸膏, 同法溶解过滤, 相同色谱柱条件, 检测波长291 nm, 流速20 mL·min-1, 流动相甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(21∶79), 收集化合物2 (49 mg)。
取Fr.A1~Fr.A3馏分浓缩浸膏, 10%甲醇溶解、滤膜过滤, 采用中谱红RD-C18柱进行半制备色谱分离, 检测波长295 nm, 流速20 mL·min-1, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(7∶93), 得到3个子馏分Fr.C1~Fr.C3。Fr.C1经溶解过滤精制, 相同色谱柱, 波长210 nm, 流速20 mL·min-1, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(5∶95), 收集化合物3 (25 mg); Fr.C2精制, 波长203 nm, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(6∶94), 收集化合物4 (212 mg); Fr.C3精制, 波长210 nm, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(5∶95), 收集化合物5 (25 mg)。
取Fr.A1~Fr.A6馏分浓缩浸膏, 10%甲醇溶解过滤, 采用中谱红RD-C18色谱柱, 波长210 nm, 流速30 mL·min-1, 四氢呋喃-0.1%磷酸水梯度洗脱(0~6 min, 8%~15%四氢呋喃; 6~12 min, 15%~25%四氢呋喃; 12~12.5 min, 25%~8%四氢呋喃; 12.5~16 min, 8%四氢呋喃), 分离得Fr.D1~Fr.D3。Fr.D3同法精制, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(11∶89), 收集化合物6 (97 mg)。
取Fr.A3馏分浓缩浸膏, 10%甲醇溶解过滤, 采用半制备液相, Agela Venusil PrepG C18 (250 mm × 21.2 mm, 10 μm) 柱进行粗分, 波长210 nm, 流速40 mL·min-1, 乙腈-0.1%甲酸水梯度洗脱(0~9 min, 12%乙腈; 9~9.1 min, 12%~90%乙腈; 9.1~12.5 min, 90%乙腈; 12.5~12.6 min, 90%~12%乙腈; 12.6~15 min, 12%乙腈), 得到Fr.E1~Fr.E5。Fr.E2精制, 色谱柱中谱红RD-C18, 波长210 nm, 流速30 mL·min-1, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(10∶90), 收集化合物7 (47 mg)、8 (19 mg); Fr.E1精制, 流动相甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(13∶87), 收集化合物9 (50 mg); Fr.E3~Fr.E5合并精制, 波长220 nm, 流动相甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(20∶80), 收集化合物10 (71 mg)。
取Fr.A4馏分浓缩浸膏, 20%甲醇溶解过滤, 采用Agela Venusil PrepG C18色谱柱进行粗分, 波长210 nm, 流速40 mL·min-1, 乙腈-0.1%甲酸水梯度洗脱(0~9 min, 12%~18%乙腈; 9~9.1 min, 18%~90%乙腈; 9.1~12.5 min, 90%乙腈; 12.5~12.6 min, 90%~12%乙腈; 12.6~15 min, 12%乙腈), 得到Fr.F1~Fr.F6。Fr.F2精制, 相同色谱柱, 波长210 nm, 流速30 mL·min-1, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(10∶90), 收集化合物11 (36 mg)、12 (46 mg); Fr.F4精制, 流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(12∶88), 收集化合物13 (38 mg)。
化合物1~13所有合格流分统一后处理: 55 ℃减压浓缩, 经C18小柱富集纯化, 纯水洗涤脱酸, 甲醇复溶后55 ℃浓缩至干, 真空干燥, 最终得到各单体化合物。
分别称取化合物1、2各约1 mg, 各加入2 mol·L-1盐酸溶液3 mL, 90 ℃条件下水解2.5 h。水解液减压浓缩至干, 残渣加1 mL水复溶, 采用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 每次1 mL。合并乙酸乙酯萃取液浓缩干燥获得苷元组分, 剩余水层浓缩干燥得到单糖样品。向所得单糖样品中依次加入L-半胱氨酸甲酯盐酸盐1 mg、吡啶1 mL, 60 ℃水浴反应1.5 h, 再加入20 μL邻甲苯异硫氰酸酯, 同等温度下继续反应1.5 h。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测, 色谱柱为Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), 洗脱条件为0.1%甲酸水-乙腈(65∶35), 柱温35 ℃, 流速0.3 mL·min-1。质谱采用正离子模式, 用于确证衍生物精确分子量及特征碎片离子, 排除杂质干扰, 保障定性准确性。在上述条件下, D-葡萄糖衍生物保留时间16.83 min, 化合物1、2水解所得单糖衍生物保留时间分别为16.85、16.84 min, 均与D-葡萄糖衍生物保持一致, 确证其所含单糖为D-葡萄糖。
化合物1  白色固体, HR-ESI-MS m/z 487.187 9 [M-H]-, 化合物精确分子量为488.153 0, 分子式为: C21H28O13。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -58.6 (c 0.10, MeOH)。UV (MeOH) λmax (logε): 312 (4.05)、288 (4.12)、228 (4.35)、206 (4.48) nm。IR (KBr): 3 392、2 934、1 696、1 604、1 514、1 246 cm-1。1H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 和13C NMR (DMSO, 100 MHz) 数据见表 1。
化合物2  白色固体, HR-ESI-MS m/z 517.198 5 [M-H]-, 化合物精确分子量为518.163 6, 分子式为: C22H30O14。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -54.2 (c 0.10, MeOH)。UV (MeOH) λmax (logε): 320 (4.08)、292 (4.10)、230 (4.38)、208 (4.50) nm。IR (KBr): 3 388、2 942、2 846、1 694、1 602、1 516、1 264 cm-1。1H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) 和13C NMR (DMSO, 100 MHz) 数据见表 1。
化合物3  白色固体, 分子式为: C22H29NO14。通过与文献[9]对比核磁数据, 确定其为hazelnutin F。
化合物4  白色固体, 分子式为: C20H29NO12。通过与文献[10]对比核磁数据, 确定其为amygdalinamide。
化合物5  白色固体, 分子式为: C14H19NO7。通过与文献[11]对比核磁数据, 确定其为prunasinamide。
化合物6  白色固体, 分子式为: C19H28O11。通过与文献[12]对比核磁数据, 确定其为苄基-β-龙胆二糖苷。
化合物7  白色固体, 分子式为: C8H9NO2。通过与文献[13]对比核磁数据, 确定其为(S)-扁桃酰胺。
化合物8白色固体, 分子式为: C20H28O13。通过与文献[14]对比核磁数据, 确定其为amygdalinic acid。
化合物9  白色固体, 分子式为: C9H11NO2。通过与文献[15]对比核磁数据, 确定其为L-苯丙氨酸。
化合物10  白色固体, 分子式为: C11H12N2O2。通过与文献[16]对比核磁数据, 确定其为L-色氨酸。
化合物11  白色固体, 分子式为: C20H27NO11。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -41.11 (c 0.10, H2O); 通过与文献[17]对比核磁数据同时结合液相色谱结果, 确定其为苦杏仁苷。
化合物12   白色固体, 分子式为: C20H27NO11。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ 32.56 (c 0.10, H2O); 通过与文献[18]对比核磁数据同时结合液相色谱结果, 确定其为L-苦杏仁苷。
化合物13  白色固体, 分子式为: C14H17NO6。通过与文献[19]对比核磁数据, 确定其为野黑樱苷。

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2026年第61卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0490
  • 接收时间:2026-04-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-28
  • 修回日期:2026-06-24
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    1河北中医药大学, 河北 石家庄 050091
    2河北省中药配方颗粒技术创新中心, 河北 石家庄 050091
    3中药材品质评价与标准化河北省工程研究中心, 河北 石家庄 050091

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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