Article(id=1308842675747516597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308842471539442166, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1773331200000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-13, revisedDate=1778169600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789982011019, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1786464000000, pubDateStr=2026-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789982011019, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789982011019, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789982011019, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308842471539442166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='8', pageStart='2821', pageEnd='3220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786464000000', pubDateStr='2026-08-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981962332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984137222, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851593773150481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308842471539442166, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851593773150482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308842471539442166, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3150, endPage=3163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308842675961426102, articleId=1308842675747516597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Analysis chemical constituents and components into blood and brain from Paeonia rockii pollen based on UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS widely targeted metabolomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to analyze the components absorbed into the blood and brain after intragastric administration of Paeonia rockii pollen in rats, and to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis. The chemical constituents of Paeonia rockii pollen, as well as those in medicated serum and brain tissue, were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS) based on widely targeted metabolomics technology. Differential components were screened using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, followed by functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis, and the mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of blood-brain barrier-penetrating components were deduced. A total of 340 components were identified from Paeonia rockii pollen, primarily including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. In the medicated serum, 38 prototype absorbed components such as methyl gallate, myricetin, trachelogenin, tyrosol, and albiflorin, along with two metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) were identified. In the brain tissue, 15 prototype components such as gallic acid, isorhamnetin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, resveratrol, and paeoniflorin were detected, and the plasma concentration was the highest after 2 h of intragastric administration. These components were mainly enriched in pathways such as longevity regulation, microbial metabolism in different environments, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid degradation, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and purine metabolism. The animal experiment protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Lanzhou Institute of Food and Drug Control, Gansu Province (Approval No. 2023-010).

, authors=Teng-teng PENG1, Long ZHAO2, Guang-miao GAO2, Bin FAN1, Qu-huan MA1, Xiao-feng SHI1, *, authorsList=Teng-teng PENG, Long ZHAO, Guang-miao GAO, Bin FAN, Qu-huan MA, Xiao-feng SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-feng SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308842679191040199, articleId=1308842675747516597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS广泛靶向代谢组学的紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分及入血、入脑成分分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

分析大鼠灌胃紫斑牡丹花粉后的入血及入脑成分, 挖掘药效物质基础。利用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-三重四极杆-线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS) 广泛靶向代谢组学技术研究紫斑牡丹花粉及其含药血清和脑组织的化学成分, 通过主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析等方法筛选差异成分后, 进行功能注释与通路富集分析, 并推断血脑移行成分的质谱裂解规律。从紫斑牡丹花粉中鉴定出340个成分, 主要为黄酮类、萜类、酚酸类等; 从含药血清中鉴定出没食子酸甲酯、杨梅素、络石苷元、酪醇、芍药新苷等38个原型入血成分和肌苷、次黄嘌呤2个代谢产物, 从含药脑组织中鉴定出没食子酸、异鼠李素、4-羟基香豆素、白藜芦醇、芍药苷等15个原型入脑成分, 且灌胃2 h后的血药浓度最高; 入血及入脑成分主要富集于长寿调节通路、不同环境中的微生物代谢、次级代谢物的生物合成、类黄酮降解、烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢、嘌呤代谢等通路。动物实验方案经甘肃省兰州市食品药品检验检测研究院实验动物伦理审查委员会批准(批准号: 2023-010)。

, authors=彭腾腾1, 赵龙2, 高广淼2, 范彬1, 马趣环1, 石晓峰1, *, authorsList=彭腾腾, 赵龙, 高广淼, 范彬, 马趣环, 石晓峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=石晓峰, authorNote=

作者贡献:

彭腾腾负责实验操作、数据整理、论文撰写工作; 赵龙、高广淼负责文献查阅、实验方案讨论、参与实验操作; 范彬、马趣环负责实验可行性分析和关键性技术支持; 石晓峰负责实验总体设计、研究指导、论文修改和经费支持。

, correspAuthorsNote=
石晓峰, Tel: 86-931-2302664, E-mail:
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Phytomedicine, 2024, 133: 155881., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308842688645001518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu X, Zhang WH, Luo XL, et al. System biology-driven small molecule metabolomics strategy innovation drives modern research of traditional Chinese medicine [J]. 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Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 1494-1503., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308842688758247728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ahmad S, Zeb S, Sun YF, et al. Non-Newtonian rheological aspects of blood in computational hemodynamics [J]. Phys Rep, 2026, 1168: 1-24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308842688829550897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu GQ, Bai X, Yang JX, et al. The modulation and mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxia in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2023, 58: 659-671., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308842679400755400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842679409144009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, companyId=1308842679400755400, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Gansu Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842679421726922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, companyId=1308842679400755400, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1甘肃省医学科学研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308842679484641483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842679493030092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, companyId=1308842679484641483, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308842679501418701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, companyId=1308842679484641483, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2甘肃中医药大学药学院, 甘肃 兰州 730030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308842683217572086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mcSXu6Hx0sJNtPve1sQB6w==, figureFileBig=EuFA78s9Az7NSBSGjQqyvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683284680951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion current diagram and multivariate statistical analysis. A: Total ion current diagram; B: PCA score plot; C: Pearson correlation analysis heat map; D: Hierarchical clustering heat map; E: OPLS-DA model. P: Positive ion mode; N: Negative ion mode. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Blood samples were collected at multiple time points after administration (0.5, 1, 2, 3 h). PRP: Paeonia rockii pollen; PRPS: Paeonia rockii pollen serum; PRPB: Paeonia rockii pollen brain; NC-S: Normal control serum; NC-B: Normal control brain, figureFileSmall=mcSXu6Hx0sJNtPve1sQB6w==, figureFileBig=EuFA78s9Az7NSBSGjQqyvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683456647416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ubpldMUzpjMXk/EdU5CWOw==, figureFileBig=CRvnJQaZAT9Pd2NcdRe6XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683527950585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Analysis of chemical composition and composition of Paeonia rockii pollen, figureFileSmall=ubpldMUzpjMXk/EdU5CWOw==, figureFileBig=CRvnJQaZAT9Pd2NcdRe6XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683582476538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yiDWmgb+YcVPiJe0zBpqyw==, figureFileBig=DGhVVIPkXewxHjKKelirEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683637002491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Venn diagram and heat map of components into blood and brain of Paeonia rockii pollen. A: Components into blood; B: Components into brain; C: Components into blood and brain in positive and negative ion mode, figureFileSmall=yiDWmgb+YcVPiJe0zBpqyw==, figureFileBig=DGhVVIPkXewxHjKKelirEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683704111356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kllR++4GGItjYV11Zg5OJQ==, figureFileBig=Qen8XphfzXDPgTGa4386xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683771220221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=The structure of components into blood and brain of Paeonia rockii pollen, figureFileSmall=kllR++4GGItjYV11Zg5OJQ==, figureFileBig=Qen8XphfzXDPgTGa4386xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683834134782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=a4Q4iv7wAkZxqOQ2lnqsqg==, figureFileBig=loFW+hJkVm8L15dQyHoOGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683892855039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Change trend of relative content of components entering blood and brain of Paeonia rockii pollen, figureFileSmall=a4Q4iv7wAkZxqOQ2lnqsqg==, figureFileBig=loFW+hJkVm8L15dQyHoOGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842683955769600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=41wvzk5r/CfXtIokoeko/Q==, figureFileBig=z1GGnxNpqgLu8MnCRsWkzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842684014489857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Change trend of relative content of blood-brain transitional components in Paeonia rockii pollen. A: Gallic acid; B: Apigenin; C: Isorhamnetin; D: Pinocembrin; E: 3-O-Methylquercetin; F: 4-Hydroxycoumarin; G: Naringenin; H: Galangin; I: Resveratrol; J: Aromadendrin; K: Limocitrin; L: Paeoniflorin; M: Luteolin; N: Morin; O: Paeoniflorigenone. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. Different lowercase letters on the bar chart showed significant differences (P < 0.05), figureFileSmall=41wvzk5r/CfXtIokoeko/Q==, figureFileBig=z1GGnxNpqgLu8MnCRsWkzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842684077404418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0i7WDuaxIwWTwldMqwVKhw==, figureFileBig=Gbx7qTAG5foiA7lth1WC5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842684136124675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=KEGG pathway sankey diagram and bubble diagram of components entering blood and brain of Paeonia rockii pollen, figureFileSmall=0i7WDuaxIwWTwldMqwVKhw==, figureFileBig=Gbx7qTAG5foiA7lth1WC5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842684194844932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BuCtgBqcseT4CgHkHzYPJQ==, figureFileBig=UcXBqQhw4z6wpI00MsNVCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842684257759493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=Secondary mass spectrum and possible cleavage pathway of blood-brain transitional components of Paeonia rockii pollen. A: Isorhamnetin; B: Paeoniflorin; C: Gallic acid; D: 4-Hydroxycoumarin; E: Inosine; F: Resveratrol, figureFileSmall=BuCtgBqcseT4CgHkHzYPJQ==, figureFileBig=UcXBqQhw4z6wpI00MsNVCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308842684320674054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Comparative groupPrincipal component numberNumber of observationsR2X (cum)R2Y (cum)Q2 (cum)
PRP vs PRPS1+0+060.9810.9790.973
PRPS vs NC-S1+0+060.9760.9890.980
PRPS vs PRPB1+0+060.9940.9950.992
PRPB vs NC-B1+0+060.9220.8690.785
), ArticleFig(id=1308842684387782919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

OPLS-DA model information of each group of samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Comparative groupPrincipal component numberNumber of observationsR2X (cum)R2Y (cum)Q2 (cum)
PRP vs PRPS1+0+060.9810.9790.973
PRPS vs NC-S1+0+060.9760.9890.980
PRPS vs PRPB1+0+060.9940.9950.992
PRPB vs NC-B1+0+060.9220.8690.785
), ArticleFig(id=1308842684454891784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.CompoundModeFormulaMS (m/z)MS/MS (m/z)Compound class
1L-TyrosinePC9H11NO3182.08165.05, 136.05, 123.04, 147.04Amino acids and derivatives
2L-TheaninePC7H14N2O3175.11158.08, 129.10, 84.04Amino acids and derivatives
3Gallic acid*NC7H6O5169.03125.02, 136.03, 108.03Phenolic acids
4Methyl gallateNC8H8O5183.03124.02, 168.01Phenolic acids
5β-Nicotinamide mononucleotidePC11H15N2O8P335.06123.06, 97.03, 80.05Nucleotides and derivatives
6HypoxanthinePC5H4N4O137.05119.04, 110.04, 94.04, 82.04Nucleotides and derivatives
7InosinePC10H12N4O5269.09137.05, 110.03, 119.03Nucleotides and derivatives
8PhloretinNC15H14O5273.08167.03, 125.02, 179.03, 123.04Flavonoids
9Pinocembrin*NC15H12O4255.07213.06, 227.07, 240.03, 177.02, 151.00Flavonoids
10Naringenin*NC15H12O5271.06151.02, 145.04, 169.03, 121.04Flavonoids
11Aromadendrin*PC15H12O6289.07153.02, 107.05, 243.07, 271.06, 195.03, 215.07Flavonoids
12NobiletinPC21H22O8403.14388.11, 373.10, 355.08Flavonoids
13Luteolin*NC15H10O6285.04151.02, 133.04, 286.04, 239.05Flavonoids
14Apigenin*PC15H10O5271.06153.02, 119.05, 121.03, 145.03, 163.04Flavonoids
153-O-Methylquercetin*NC16H12O7315.05300.04, 283.04, 297.20Flavonoids
16SyringetinNC17H14O8345.06330.04, 315.01, 301.03Flavonoids
17Galangin*NC15H10O5269.05169.07, 171.04, 143.05, 197.06, 213.06Flavonoids
18Limocitrin*PC17H14O8347.07332.17, 346.19Flavonoids
19Morin*NC15H10O7301.04151.00, 125.02, 163.00, 229.05, 273.04Flavonoids
20KaempferolNC15H10O6285.04185.06, 229.05, 151.00, 169.07Flavonoids
21MyricetinPC15H10O8319.04153.02, 273.04, 165.02, 245.04Flavonoids
22Isorhamnetin*PC16H12O7317.06153.06, 302.04, 274.05, 257.05Flavonoids
23TrachelogeninNC21H24O7387.14329.14Phenylpropanoids
244-Hydroxycoumarin*NC9H6O3161.02117.03, 119.03, 89.05Phenylpropanoids
25TyrosolNC8H10O2137.06119.05, 106.04, 81.03, 106.04, 93.03Others
26Resveratrol*NC14H12O3227.07185.06, 157.07, 143.05, 117.03Others
27PiceidNC20H22O8389.12227.08, 371.13, 239.09, 269.10Others
288-DebenzoylpaeoniflorinPC16H24O10377.14151.08Terpenoids
29Mudanpioside FNC16H24O8343.1459.01Terpenoids
30Paeoniflorin*NC23H28O11479.16121.03, 357.10, 449.14, 327.12Terpenoids
31OxypaeoniflorinNC23H28O12495.15137.03Terpenoids
32AlbiflorinPC23H28O11481.17319.12, 197.08Terpenoids
33PaeoniflorgeninPC17H18O6319.12105.03Terpenoids
34Paeoniflorigenone*PC17H18O6319.12105.03Terpenoids
35Paeonilactone APC10H14O4199.10107.09Terpenoids
36Paeonilactone BPC10H12O4197.08133.06Terpenoids
37Paeonilactone CPC17H18O6319.12105.03Terpenoids
38LactiflorinPC23H26O10463.16105.03Terpenoids
39Mudanpinoic acid ANC30H46O3453.34409.35, 435.33, 311.24Terpenoids
40PalbinonePC22H30O4359.22323.20Terpenoids
), ArticleFig(id=1308842684530389257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842675747516597, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Information of components into blood and brain of Paeonia rockii pollen. All constituents are blood-entering components, *Brain-entering components. P: Positive ion mode [M+H]+; N: Negative ion mode [M-H]-

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.CompoundModeFormulaMS (m/z)MS/MS (m/z)Compound class
1L-TyrosinePC9H11NO3182.08165.05, 136.05, 123.04, 147.04Amino acids and derivatives
2L-TheaninePC7H14N2O3175.11158.08, 129.10, 84.04Amino acids and derivatives
3Gallic acid*NC7H6O5169.03125.02, 136.03, 108.03Phenolic acids
4Methyl gallateNC8H8O5183.03124.02, 168.01Phenolic acids
5β-Nicotinamide mononucleotidePC11H15N2O8P335.06123.06, 97.03, 80.05Nucleotides and derivatives
6HypoxanthinePC5H4N4O137.05119.04, 110.04, 94.04, 82.04Nucleotides and derivatives
7InosinePC10H12N4O5269.09137.05, 110.03, 119.03Nucleotides and derivatives
8PhloretinNC15H14O5273.08167.03, 125.02, 179.03, 123.04Flavonoids
9Pinocembrin*NC15H12O4255.07213.06, 227.07, 240.03, 177.02, 151.00Flavonoids
10Naringenin*NC15H12O5271.06151.02, 145.04, 169.03, 121.04Flavonoids
11Aromadendrin*PC15H12O6289.07153.02, 107.05, 243.07, 271.06, 195.03, 215.07Flavonoids
12NobiletinPC21H22O8403.14388.11, 373.10, 355.08Flavonoids
13Luteolin*NC15H10O6285.04151.02, 133.04, 286.04, 239.05Flavonoids
14Apigenin*PC15H10O5271.06153.02, 119.05, 121.03, 145.03, 163.04Flavonoids
153-O-Methylquercetin*NC16H12O7315.05300.04, 283.04, 297.20Flavonoids
16SyringetinNC17H14O8345.06330.04, 315.01, 301.03Flavonoids
17Galangin*NC15H10O5269.05169.07, 171.04, 143.05, 197.06, 213.06Flavonoids
18Limocitrin*PC17H14O8347.07332.17, 346.19Flavonoids
19Morin*NC15H10O7301.04151.00, 125.02, 163.00, 229.05, 273.04Flavonoids
20KaempferolNC15H10O6285.04185.06, 229.05, 151.00, 169.07Flavonoids
21MyricetinPC15H10O8319.04153.02, 273.04, 165.02, 245.04Flavonoids
22Isorhamnetin*PC16H12O7317.06153.06, 302.04, 274.05, 257.05Flavonoids
23TrachelogeninNC21H24O7387.14329.14Phenylpropanoids
244-Hydroxycoumarin*NC9H6O3161.02117.03, 119.03, 89.05Phenylpropanoids
25TyrosolNC8H10O2137.06119.05, 106.04, 81.03, 106.04, 93.03Others
26Resveratrol*NC14H12O3227.07185.06, 157.07, 143.05, 117.03Others
27PiceidNC20H22O8389.12227.08, 371.13, 239.09, 269.10Others
288-DebenzoylpaeoniflorinPC16H24O10377.14151.08Terpenoids
29Mudanpioside FNC16H24O8343.1459.01Terpenoids
30Paeoniflorin*NC23H28O11479.16121.03, 357.10, 449.14, 327.12Terpenoids
31OxypaeoniflorinNC23H28O12495.15137.03Terpenoids
32AlbiflorinPC23H28O11481.17319.12, 197.08Terpenoids
33PaeoniflorgeninPC17H18O6319.12105.03Terpenoids
34Paeoniflorigenone*PC17H18O6319.12105.03Terpenoids
35Paeonilactone APC10H14O4199.10107.09Terpenoids
36Paeonilactone BPC10H12O4197.08133.06Terpenoids
37Paeonilactone CPC17H18O6319.12105.03Terpenoids
38LactiflorinPC23H26O10463.16105.03Terpenoids
39Mudanpinoic acid ANC30H46O3453.34409.35, 435.33, 311.24Terpenoids
40PalbinonePC22H30O4359.22323.20Terpenoids
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基于UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS广泛靶向代谢组学的紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分及入血、入脑成分分析
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彭腾腾 1 , 赵龙 2 , 高广淼 2 , 范彬 1 , 马趣环 1 , 石晓峰 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(8): 3150-3163
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (8) : 3150 -3163
基于UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS广泛靶向代谢组学的紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分及入血、入脑成分分析
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彭腾腾1, 赵龙2, 高广淼2, 范彬1, 马趣环1, 石晓峰1, *
作者信息
  • 1甘肃省医学科学研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 2甘肃中医药大学药学院, 甘肃 兰州 730030
通讯作者:
石晓峰, Tel: 86-931-2302664, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

彭腾腾负责实验操作、数据整理、论文撰写工作; 赵龙、高广淼负责文献查阅、实验方案讨论、参与实验操作; 范彬、马趣环负责实验可行性分析和关键性技术支持; 石晓峰负责实验总体设计、研究指导、论文修改和经费支持。

Analysis chemical constituents and components into blood and brain from Paeonia rockii pollen based on UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS widely targeted metabolomics
Teng-teng PENG1, Long ZHAO2, Guang-miao GAO2, Bin FAN1, Qu-huan MA1, Xiao-feng SHI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Gansu Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
出版时间: 2026-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0276
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分析大鼠灌胃紫斑牡丹花粉后的入血及入脑成分, 挖掘药效物质基础。利用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-三重四极杆-线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS) 广泛靶向代谢组学技术研究紫斑牡丹花粉及其含药血清和脑组织的化学成分, 通过主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析等方法筛选差异成分后, 进行功能注释与通路富集分析, 并推断血脑移行成分的质谱裂解规律。从紫斑牡丹花粉中鉴定出340个成分, 主要为黄酮类、萜类、酚酸类等; 从含药血清中鉴定出没食子酸甲酯、杨梅素、络石苷元、酪醇、芍药新苷等38个原型入血成分和肌苷、次黄嘌呤2个代谢产物, 从含药脑组织中鉴定出没食子酸、异鼠李素、4-羟基香豆素、白藜芦醇、芍药苷等15个原型入脑成分, 且灌胃2 h后的血药浓度最高; 入血及入脑成分主要富集于长寿调节通路、不同环境中的微生物代谢、次级代谢物的生物合成、类黄酮降解、烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢、嘌呤代谢等通路。动物实验方案经甘肃省兰州市食品药品检验检测研究院实验动物伦理审查委员会批准(批准号: 2023-010)。

紫斑牡丹花粉  /  UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS  /  广泛靶向代谢组学  /  入血入脑  /  移行成分

This study aims to analyze the components absorbed into the blood and brain after intragastric administration of Paeonia rockii pollen in rats, and to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis. The chemical constituents of Paeonia rockii pollen, as well as those in medicated serum and brain tissue, were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS) based on widely targeted metabolomics technology. Differential components were screened using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, followed by functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis, and the mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of blood-brain barrier-penetrating components were deduced. A total of 340 components were identified from Paeonia rockii pollen, primarily including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. In the medicated serum, 38 prototype absorbed components such as methyl gallate, myricetin, trachelogenin, tyrosol, and albiflorin, along with two metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) were identified. In the brain tissue, 15 prototype components such as gallic acid, isorhamnetin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, resveratrol, and paeoniflorin were detected, and the plasma concentration was the highest after 2 h of intragastric administration. These components were mainly enriched in pathways such as longevity regulation, microbial metabolism in different environments, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid degradation, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and purine metabolism. The animal experiment protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Lanzhou Institute of Food and Drug Control, Gansu Province (Approval No. 2023-010).

Paeonia rockii pollen  /  UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS  /  widely targeted metabolomics  /  entering the blood and brain  /  migratory component
彭腾腾, 赵龙, 高广淼, 范彬, 马趣环, 石晓峰. 基于UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS广泛靶向代谢组学的紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分及入血、入脑成分分析. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (8) : 3150 -3163 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0276
Teng-teng PENG, Long ZHAO, Guang-miao GAO, Bin FAN, Qu-huan MA, Xiao-feng SHI. Analysis chemical constituents and components into blood and brain from Paeonia rockii pollen based on UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS widely targeted metabolomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (8) : 3150 -3163 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0276
紫斑牡丹(Paeonia rockii) 是芍药科(Paeoniaceae) 芍药属(Paeonia) 的多年生落叶灌木, 为西北牡丹种群的原生植物, 主要分布于甘肃、陕西等地, 具有药用、食用及观赏价值, 其根皮供药用, 能凉血散瘀, 治脑卒中、腹痛等症[1]。紫斑牡丹生态适应性广、逆境耐受性高, 在甘肃兰州等地广泛栽培, 资源优势总量丰富[2]。紫斑牡丹花粉是该花雄蕊中花药产生的小配子体, 含有黄酮类、酚酸类及氨基酸类等成分[3], 安全无毒(雌雄大小鼠经口毒性最大耐受剂量大于20.0 g·kg-1 bw, LD50大于20.0 g·kg-1 bw), 食药价值较高, 具有抗氧化[4]、抗前列腺炎及前列腺增生[5]、抗衰老[6]等药理活性, 已将其开发为口服液[7]、口含片[8]等系列产品。然而, 目前对紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分的研究仍基于色谱分离[9], 缺乏对化学成分的全局性系统性认识, 且已有活性研究的药效物质基础尚不够明确。为了充分开发利用紫斑牡丹花粉资源, 使其向食品营养、医药保健等精深加工和新资源产品领域延伸转化, 亟需开展药效物质基础的深入研究。广泛靶向代谢组学又称拟靶向代谢组学, 作为系统生物学的重要组成部分, 其整合了靶向和非靶向代谢组学的技术优点, 能够快速检测和定量多样化的成分, 揭示生物体内代谢差异与通路变化, 以及识别新的生物标志物, 具有高灵敏、高通量、广覆盖、定性定量准确等特点, 已被广泛应用于植物和组织器官间代谢物多样性、变异性研究[10, 11], 使用该技术研究紫斑牡丹花粉的化学成分及入血、入脑成分, 技术优势突出, 具有高度可行性。
血清药物化学理论认为, 药物发挥作用的活性成分是入血成分及其代谢产物[12], 所以分析口服给药后血液中的移行成分, 可以确定药物的体内直接作用物质。药物口服后, 通过多成分药物代谢途径进入体内, 主要在肝脏中发生氧化、还原等Ⅰ相代谢反应和葡萄糖醛酸化、硫酸酯化等Ⅱ相代谢反应, 其中药物成分经胃肠道吸收入血后, 会与胃肠道中的酶或微生物接触, 通过胃肠道屏障并以原型或代谢物形式进入体内[13], 所以发挥药效作用的成分非常有限。药物作用于机体后, 有效成分以血液为枢纽向作用部位转移而发挥生物效应[14], 故研究紫斑牡丹花粉的入血及入脑成分, 是挖掘药效物质基础的有效途径。因此, 本研究采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-三重四极杆-线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS) 广泛靶向代谢组学技术对紫斑牡丹花粉的化学成分及入血、入脑成分进行了系统性分析, 以期为紫斑牡丹花粉的质量控制、药效物质基础研究及开发利用提供科学依据。
仪器  ExionLCTM AD型超高效液相色谱仪、Q-TRAP 4500型串联质谱仪(上海爱博才思分析仪器贸易有限公司), MM 400型研磨仪(德国Retsch公司), Scientz-100F型冻干机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司), MS105DΜ电子天平(瑞士METTLER TOLEDO公司), 5424R型低温离心机(德国Eppendorf公司), N-EVAP型氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司), MX-S型涡旋仪(大龙兴创实验仪器股份公司) 等。
药物与试剂  紫斑牡丹花粉(202205), 采于甘肃兰州新区中川紫斑牡丹园, 经甘肃省医学科学研究院石晓峰主任药师鉴定为正品, 已破壁, 存放于甘肃省医学科学研究院药物研究所标本室; 甲醇(I1231510225)、乙腈(SHBK0821), 均为色谱纯, 购于德国Merck公司; 甲酸(色谱纯, F112034, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 生理盐水(N23021201, 四川科伦药业股份有限公司) 等。
实验动物  SPF级雄性SD大鼠15只, 体质量(200 ± 2) g, 购于中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所实验动物中心, 生产许可证号: SCXK (甘) 2020-0002, 动物合格证号: 0000642, 使用许可证号: SYXK (甘) 2019-0001。SPF级饲养环境: 温度(23 ± 2) ℃, 湿度(50 ± 5)%, 昼夜明暗交替12/12 h。实验方案经甘肃省兰州市食品药品检验检测研究院实验动物伦理审查委员会批准, 并严格按照相关规定进行, 伦理审查批号: 2023-010。
紫斑牡丹花粉供试品溶液的制备  精密称取紫斑牡丹花粉50 mg置于2 mL离心管中, 加入预冷的70%甲醇(含内标提取液) 1.2 mL, 涡旋6次, 每次30 s, 低温离心(12 000 r·min-1, 10 min), 上清液用0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过, 用于进样分析。
紫斑牡丹花粉药液的配制  称取紫斑牡丹花粉3.0 g, 置于10 mL离心管中, 加水不断搅拌至刻度, 摇匀, 配制为0.3 g·mL-1的混悬液。
大鼠血清样品采集与前处理  取SPF级SD大鼠15只, 随机分为3只空白组和12只给药组。适应性饲养7天后, 给药组灌胃3 000 mg·kg-1的紫斑牡丹花粉液[6], 对照组灌胃等量纯水, 灌胃量10 mL·kg-1, 给药期间正常饮食水, 每天同时段给药2次, 连续给药3天后禁食不禁水12 h, 第4天在首次给药后的0.5、1、2、3 h各处理3只, 0.3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后, 眼眶取血, -4 ℃静置1 h至血清析出后, 3 500 r·min-1低温离心10 min, 移取含药血清于-80 ℃保存, 空白血清同法制备。将血清样品解冻后涡旋10 s混匀, 分别移取50 μL于1.5 mL离心管中, 加入70%甲醇(含内标提取液) 300 μL, 涡旋3 min, 低温离心(12 000 r·min-1, 10 min), 移取适量上清液于1.5 mL离心管中静置, 离心3 min, 上清液用0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过, 用于进样分析。
大鼠脑组织样品采集与前处理  将麻醉的大鼠用生理盐水心脏灌流后, 迅速开颅, 于冰块上取出全脑, 用冰生理盐水冲去残留血渍, 滤纸吸干水分, 保存于液氮中备用。取脑组织适量, 冻干后研磨至粉末状。精密称取50 mg, 置于2 mL离心管中, 加入预冷的70%甲醇(含内标提取液) 1.2 mL, 涡旋6次, 每次30 s, 低温离心(12 000 r·min-1, 10 min), 上清液用0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过, 用于进样分析。
液相色谱条件  使用UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS对样品进行分析。色谱柱: Agilent SB C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm); 流动相A: 0.1%的甲酸水, 流动相B: 0.1%的甲酸乙腈; 梯度洗脱: 95% A (0 min), 95%~5% A (5~9 min), 5% A (9~10 min), 5%~95% A (10~11 min), 95% A (11~14 min); 流速0.35 mL·min-1; 柱温40 ℃; 进样量2 μL。色谱流出液交替导入质谱。
质谱条件  电喷雾离子源(ESI) 温度550 ℃; 离子喷雾电压(IS) 为5 500 V (ESI+) 和-4 500 V (ESI-); 离子源气体Ⅰ (GSI)、Ⅱ (GSII) 和气帘气(CUR) 设置为50、60和25 psi, 设置碰撞诱导电离参数为高, 三重四极杆(QQQ) 扫描使用多反应监测模式, 设置碰撞气体(N2) 中等。优化完成各离子的去簇电压(DP) 和碰撞能(CE), 根据每个时段内洗脱的代谢物, 监测特定的离子。
数据分析  使用Analyst@TF1.6.3软件处理原始数据后, 利用武汉迈特维尔生物科技有限公司商业自建库(metware datebase, MWDB) 对化合物进行定性定量分析。通过QQQ筛选出每个成分的特征离子, 并在检测器中获得特征离子的信号强度(cps), 将原始下机数据用MultiQuant软件打开, 进行色谱峰的校正和积分, 峰面积(area) 表示化合物的相对含量, 最后导出积分数据。利用京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG) 数据库进行化合物的注释与通路富集分析, 利用R软件对原始数据进行主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA) 以及聚类分析等。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析, 实验数据以均值±标准差($ \overline{x} $ ± s) 表示, 两组间比较采用独立样本t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
紫斑牡丹花粉(Paeonia rockii pollen, PRP)、含药血清(Paeonia rockii pollen serum, PRPS)、含药脑组织(Paeonia rockii pollen brain, PRPB)、空白血清(normal control serum, NC-S)、空白脑组织(normal control brain, NC-B) 在正负离子模式下的总离子流图如图1A所示。由图1A可知, 各样品色谱峰基线平稳、峰形良好、峰分布均匀, 说明仪器运行稳定, 系统误差较小; 正负离子模式下各样品存在明显的成分特征差异, 说明数据可靠。在检测过程中, 质谱信号强度稳定, 重复性良好, 确保了数据采集的质量, 为后续差异成分筛选和定量分析奠定了基础。
为了监测紫斑牡丹花粉与血脑样品成分的动态变化, 对所有样品检测结果进行无监督模式识别的PCA分析。如图1B所示, 各样品的PC1/PC1较大、PC1+PC2 > 80%, 表明各样本组之间成分的差异大, 组内成分的变异度小, 聚类分离较好。
为了评估各样本之间的重复相关性, 对所有样本进行Pearson相关性分析, 并绘制相关性热图。如图1C所示, 组内样本之间的正相关性很强(P ≤ 0.001), 说明组内样本之间生物学重复较好, 获得的差异成分较可靠。为了直观地表示各样本的差异, 对所有样本进行层次聚类分析, 并绘制聚类热图。如图1D所示, 不同样本区分良好, 说明各组内样本的同质性和组间样本的异质性较高, 各组样本都具有各自的特征成分, 各类成分在不同组间均存在不同程度的差异。
通过OPLS-DA模型对紫斑牡丹花粉及血脑样品的差异成分进行有监督的判别分析。如图1E所示, 在OPLS-DA评分图中, 各组样本在95%置信区间内明显分离, 表明样本间存在显著差异; 模型采用7次循环交互验证和200次置换检验后, 所有蓝色Q2点从左到右均低于最右侧的原始蓝色Q2点, 表明该评估模型不存在过拟合现象[15]。如表1所示, OPLS-DA模型预测参数R2X、R2Y和Q2值均大于0.78, 说明该模型较稳定可靠, 可用于后续差异成分的筛选和分析。
对不同样品进样分析后, 根据商业数据库(MWDB) 进行二级质谱定性分析, 分析时去除同位素信号及含Na+、K+、NH4+等重复信号。经鉴定, 紫斑牡丹花粉样品所含化合物的母离子、子离子、保留时间、去簇电压、碰撞能量与数据库核对一致的共有340个。如图2所示, 按结构类型分为11类, 其中黄酮类、萜类、酚酸类是数量占比较多的成分类别, 分别占总成分的32.94%、9.71%、8.53%。以上结果表明, 紫斑牡丹花粉在化学成分组成上具有高度复杂性。
基于多变量统计分析OPLS-DA模型得到的变量重要性投影(VIP), 初步筛选出不同样本间的差异成分, 同时结合单变量分析的P-value/FDR及差异倍数(fold change, FC) 值进一步筛选差异成分。利用OPLS-DA模型对所有组样品进行比较, 对于两组比较, 选取VIP > 1、|Log2FC| ≥ 1.0的差异成分; 对于多组比较, 选取VIP > 1、P-value < 0.05 (ANOVA) 的差异成分。如图3A~C韦恩图所示, 紫斑牡丹花粉共有40个成分入血(正负离子模式下各20个), 15个成分入脑(正离子模式下5个、负离子模式下10个)。图3A~C热图显示了入血、入脑成分在不同样本中的相对含量, 表2为成分的信息, 图4为成分的化学结构, 按结构类型用不同颜色分类展示。由此可知, 入血成分主要是黄酮类、萜类、酚酸类成分, 入脑成分主要是黄酮类成分。
为了直观地表示紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分和入血、入脑成分的含量变化趋势, 本研究对所有成分的相对含量按照结构类型进行分析。如图5所示, 紫斑牡丹花粉灌胃后, 由于经历复杂的Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相代谢, 入血成分种类减少, 含量降低。通过多重采血(0.5、1、2、3 h) 发现, 黄酮类、萜类、酚酸类、氨基酸及其衍生物类成分是不同时段入血成分中的主要共性成分, 总含量的高低顺序为: 2 h > 1 h > 3 h > 0.5 h, 在2 h时血药浓度最高, 故后续在血清药物化学的深入研究中宜在灌胃后2 h取血。由于入血成分能否通过血脑屏障, 与该成分的相对分子质量(Mr)、脂水分配系数(LogP/LogD)、氢键供体与受体数(HBD/HBA)、极性表面积(TPSA) 等因素有关[16], 故只有少数入血成分透膜进入脑内发挥生物效应。由图5可知, 入脑的主要是黄酮类成分, 这可能与其透膜能力较强有关。
为了进一步分析入血及入脑的共有成分(简称血脑移行成分) 的代谢轮廓, 本研究对入脑的15个成分在血清和脑中的相对含量变化趋势进行了分析。图6显示了15个血脑移行成分: 没食子酸、乔松素、柚皮素、香橙素、木犀草素、芹菜素、3-O-甲基槲皮素、高良姜素、柠檬黄素、桑色素、异鼠李素、4-羟基香豆素、白藜芦醇、芍药苷、芍药苷元酮在不同时段血清和脑中的相对含量变化趋势。由图6可知, 15个成分的相对含量在5组样本之间差异明显, 脑中的含量均显著低于血清(P < 0.05), 说明只有少部分入脑。其中, 6个成分在1 h时含量最高, 9个成分在2 h时含量最高, 提示这些成分的代谢过程和代谢时间不同。总体来说, 2 h的血清与脑组织差异大于1 h, 这能为每个目标成分定制达峰采血时间, 可为后续各成分药代动力学的深入研究提供依据。
为了揭示入血及入脑成分参与的主要代谢途径, 从系统层面阐明其潜在的作用机制, 本研究使用KEGG数据库进行功能注释。结果表明, 有31个成分在数据库中查询到ID, 18个成分得到注释, 共注释到15条途径。由图7桑基图可知, 注释到次级代谢物的生物合成和代谢途径的成分各有11个, 注释到类黄酮生物合成途径的成分有9个, 注释到苯丙烷类生物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、类黄酮降解途径的成分各有6个, 注释到各种植物次级代谢物的生物合成、异黄酮生物合成、嘌呤代谢、核苷酸代谢途径的成分各有2个, 注释到不同环境中的微生物代谢、长寿调节通路、蛋白质消化与吸收、烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢、帕金森病途径的成分各1个。然后将注释到的成分进行通路富集分析, 其显著性通过超几何检验的P-value值确定, 富集程度使用-log10(P-value) 计算。如图7气泡图所示, 入血及入脑成分主要显著富集在长寿调节通路、不同环境中的微生物代谢、次级代谢物的生物合成、类黄酮降解、烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢、嘌呤代谢途径。
本研究从紫斑牡丹花粉入血成分中鉴别出黄酮类成分15个(8~22); 从入脑成分中鉴别出黄酮类成分10个(9~11, 13~15, 17~19, 22), 该类成分为紫斑牡丹花粉入血、入脑的主要成分。以化合物22为例, 来说明黄酮类化合物的质谱裂解过程。如图8A所示, 化合物22在质谱正离子模式下生成稳定的准分子离子峰m/z 317.06 [M+H]+, 推测分子式为C16H12O7, 主要二级碎片为m/z 302.04、274.05、257.05、153.02。质谱裂解过程为准分子离子先发生甲氧基的特征裂解, 丢失一分子CH3, 得到氧正离子碎片m/z 302.04 [M+H-15]+, 进一步碎片离子发生连续脱羰裂解丢失一分子CO, 得到m/z 274.05 [M+H-43]+, 然后再连续裂解继续丢失一分子OH, 得到碎片离子m/z 257.04 [M+H-60]+; 同时, 准分子离子也可平行发生C环(吡喃环) 的逆狄尔斯-阿尔德反应(RDA) 裂解, 断裂C2-C3键和C4-C1键, A环(5,7-二羟基取代) 部分形成一个稳定的1, 3A+离子(C7H5O4+), 该离子具有氧杂环戊烯酮结构, 因共轭效应而稳定。结合质谱裂解规律和相关文献[17], 推断该化合物为异鼠李素。
本研究从紫斑牡丹花粉入血成分中鉴别出萜类成分13个(28~40); 从入脑成分中鉴别出萜类成分2个(30、34), 该类成分为紫斑牡丹花粉入血、入脑的特异性成分。以化合物30为例, 来说明萜类化合物的质谱裂解过程。如图8B所示, 化合物30在质谱负离子模式下生成稳定的准分子离子峰m/z 479.16 [M-H]-, 推测分子式为C23H28O11, 主要二级碎片为m/z 449.14、327.12、357.10、121.03。质谱裂解过程为准分子离子发生芍药苷元的特征裂解, 丢失一分子苯甲酸, 然后半缩醛环和糖环C-6位羟甲基发生特征裂解, 丢失一分子甲醛。结合质谱裂解规律和相关文献[18], 推断该化合物为芍药苷。
本研究从紫斑牡丹花粉入血成分中鉴别出酚酸类成分2个(3、4); 从入脑成分中鉴别出酚酸类成分1个(3)。以化合物3为例, 来说明酚酸类化合物的质谱裂解过程。如图8C所示, 化合物3在负离子模式下生成稳定的准分子离子峰m/z 169.03 [M-H]-, 推测分子式为C7H6O5, 主要二级碎片为m/z 125.02。质谱裂解过程为准分子离子去质子化后直接脱羧, 得到碎片离子[M-H-CO2]- m/z 125.02。结合质谱裂解规律和相关文献[19], 推断该化合物为没食子酸。
本研究从紫斑牡丹花粉入血成分中鉴别出苯丙素类成分2个(23、24); 从入脑成分中鉴别出苯丙素类成分1个(24)。以化合物24为例, 来说明苯丙素类化合物的质谱裂解过程。如图8D所示, 化合物24在负离子模式下生成稳定的准分子离子峰m/z 161.02 [M-H]-, 推测分子式为C9H6O3, 由于内酯羰基和邻位酚羟基的强吸电子和共轭效应, 羟基的氢容易以质子形式离去, 主要二级碎片为m/z 117.03。质谱裂解过程为准分子离子通过四元环过渡态重排, 丢失一分子CO2, 得到碎片离子[M-H-CO2]- m/z 117.03, 该碎片离子具有稳定的苯氧负离子结构。结合质谱裂解规律和相关文献[20], 推断该化合物为4-羟基香豆素。
本研究从紫斑牡丹花粉入血成分中鉴别出核苷酸及其衍生物类成分3个(5~7); 从入脑成分中未鉴别出核苷酸及其衍生物类成分。以化合物7为例, 来说明核苷酸及其衍生物类成分的质谱裂解过程。如图8E所示, 化合物7在正离子模式下生成稳定的准分子离子峰m/z 269.09 [M+H]+, 推测分子式为C10H12N4O5, 主要二级碎片为m/z 137.05。质谱裂解过程为准分子离子的糖苷键(连接核糖与次黄嘌呤的C-N键) 断裂, 丢失中性核糖部分, 并伴随氢重排, 生成质子化的次黄嘌呤碱基, 得到碎片离子[B+H]+ m/z 137.05。结合质谱裂解规律和相关文献[21], 推断该化合物为肌苷。
本研究从紫斑牡丹花粉入血成分中鉴别出茋类成分2个(26、27); 从入脑成分中鉴别出茋类成分1个(26)。以化合物26为例, 来说明茋类成分的质谱裂解过程。如图8F所示, 化合物26在质谱负离子模式下生成稳定的准分子离子峰m/z 227.07 [M-H]-, 推测分子式为C14H12O3, 主要二级碎片为m/z 185.06、157.07、143.05、117.03。质谱裂解过程表现出典型的芳香系统逐级降解模式, 连续丢失小中性分子, 使得电荷保留在质子亲和势较高的碎片离子上, 形成较小的芳香负离子。首先, 准分子离子苯环上2、3位和4、5位间发生乙烯桥和酚羟基的特异性重排, 脱去一分子C2H2O, 生成m/z 185.06 [M-H-C2H2O]-, 然后发生芳香环和羰基化合物的典型裂解, 继续丢失一分子CO, 生成m/z 157.07 [M-H-C3H2O2]-, 同时m/z 185.06脱去一分子C2H2O, m/z 157.07发生键断裂, 丢失一分子亚甲基CH2, 生成m/z 143.05 [M-H-C4H4O2]-, 最后丢失芳环小碎片C2H2, 生成m/z 117.03 [M-H-C6H6O2]-。结合质谱裂解规律和相关文献[22], 推断该化合物为白藜芦醇。
本研究基于UPLC-ESI-Q-TRAP-MS/MS技术, 从紫斑牡丹花粉中共鉴定出340个化学成分, 主要为黄酮类、萜类、酚酸类成分。由于药物进入体内后, 其药效物质将影响机体各类物质的代谢水平[23], 所以本研究利用代谢组学结合血清药物化学的方法, 揭示了紫斑牡丹花粉入血、入脑的药效成分群, 聚焦分析大鼠血清和脑中的成分, 最终锁定了没食子酸、乔松素、柚皮素、香橙素、木犀草素、芹菜素、3-O-甲基槲皮素、高良姜素、柠檬黄素、桑色素、异鼠李素、4-羟基香豆素、白藜芦醇、芍药苷、芍药苷元酮等40个潜在的生物标志物, 其中肌苷和次黄嘌呤是紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分的体内代谢产物, 代谢过程可能为腺苷类成分在肠道或肝脏中被腺苷脱氨酶转化为肌苷, 进一步通过嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶分解产生次黄嘌呤[24], 这些生物标志物涉及长寿调节通路、不同环境中的微生物代谢、次级代谢物的生物合成、类黄酮降解、烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢、嘌呤代谢途径等15条相关的代谢途径, 为深入挖掘其药效作用机制提供依据。文献报道, 长寿调节通路FOXO-SIRT1轴不仅在寿命调控和氧化应激稳态中发挥关键作用, 还通过上调抗氧化酶水平、清除活性氧以及与Nrf2/PGC-1α互作增强抗氧化能力[25], 同时抑制前列腺间质细胞中AR/TGF-β轴, 减少前列腺细胞异常增殖与间质纤维化[26, 27]。烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢通路负责NAD+的合成与再生, NAD+水平下降与衰老密切相关, 补充NAD+前体能改善线粒体稳态, 抑制STING诱导的神经炎症和细胞衰老[28], 而NAD+水平升高能抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化, 减轻炎症反应[29]。嘌呤代谢途径通过ADP-核糖化、腺苷及嘌呤能受体等调控炎症反应[30], 且嘌呤核苷酸能阻断嘌呤合成, 抑制细胞增殖[31]。肠道微生物通过调控氧化应激、炎症反应、脑-肠轴等途径, 延缓衰老进程[32]。植物通过次级代谢途径合成多种天然活性成分, 类黄酮作为一类多酚次级代谢产物, 具有抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护等生物活性[33]。据此推测, 紫斑牡丹花粉已知药理活性(抗衰老、抗氧化、抗前列腺炎及前列腺增生) 与关键富集通路之间具有功能关联性, 可能通过多表型协同调控网络共同发挥作用。然而, 该推论仅为预测性分析, 后续宜在相应动物模型中开展关键通路干预实验, 直接验证该通路的因果关系。此外, 本研究还对15个血脑移行成分进行了代谢谱分析, 探讨其相对含量随时间动态变化的规律, 这使得紫斑牡丹花粉血脑移行成分的代谢过程得以评价, 可为药代动力学的深入研究提供数据支撑。
本研究初步阐明了紫斑牡丹花粉的药效物质基础, 为深入研究紫斑牡丹花粉的关键药效成分和质量标志物提供了实验依据。然而, 该结果缺乏实验验证, 且样品处理与分组设计存在局限, 无法确认已筛选出的移行成分是否为载体药物紫斑牡丹花粉的药效物质基础, 故后续应从对照品比对、生物效应、成分互作、亲和垂钓、活性组分敲除等角度进行药效成分群验证[34]。本研究的代谢组学只能定性定量地从成分到代谢途径对紫斑牡丹花粉的作用机制进行阐述, 尚无法系统地解答与药效直接关联的指标性成分在大鼠的代谢调节过程中起何作用, 以及除了对大鼠代谢影响外还对哪些生理过程产生影响等问题[35], 故所得结果仍以代谢表型组表征为主, 缺乏功能与机制层面的深度挖掘与诠释[36]。为了更清晰地阐释上述问题, 后续研究中需要整合系统生物学的思路, 将多组学策略深度融合应用[37], 比如将肠道微生物组学与代谢组学联合应用, 实现从代谢表型到功能再到机制的跨越, 或许更能厘清紫斑牡丹花粉在生物体内效应成分的变化及其作用后的机体代谢变化, 系统揭示其复杂作用规律的科学内涵。
本研究对血脑移行成分质谱碎片信息的结构推断, 主要依据相关数据库的一、二级质谱特征以及文献中质谱断裂的一般规律和合理性, 后续研究宜使用标准品对照分析, 根据其质谱碎片的一致性完成最终鉴定和验证[38]。此外, 由于药物作用在病理状态下的血液流变学、血脑屏障等生理生化指标均与正常状态下存在差异, 其浓度通常伴随着相应疾病的传变而变化[39, 40], 可能导致体内移行成分的种类与含量存在差异。因此, 研究病理状态下的入血、入脑成分更有实际意义, 故后续研究宜在相关药效学评价的基础上, 对成分进行差异性分析和含量比对, 建立谱效关系和药效物质谱, 再利用网络药理学构建“疾病-基因-靶标-成分”的复杂生物学网络, 阐明紫斑牡丹花粉化学成分的靶标谱及药理活性机制, 以期为紫斑牡丹花粉质量标准提升、药效物质基础研究及开发利用提供科学依据。

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2026年第61卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0276
  • 接收时间:2026-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-13
  • 修回日期:2026-05-08
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    1甘肃省医学科学研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730050
    2甘肃中医药大学药学院, 甘肃 兰州 730030

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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